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Pathophysiology

Predisposing

Factors:Age

GenderRace

Family HIstory

ETIOLOGY:Unknown

Precipitating Factors:

exposure to radiationand certain chemicals

having a sibling withleukemia

HT!"# virus

genetic abnormalities

chromosomaltranslocations

$omatic mutations inthe %&A

Activate oncogene'deactivate tumor"supppresor gene

(alignant trans)ormationo) lymphoid stem cells

Uncontrolled proli)erationo) lymphoblast in the bone

marrow

s/sx:bone pain*oint pain

Treatment:Analgesic

ymphoblast replace thenormal marrow elements

DiagnosticTest:

+( aspiration+( biopsy

Treatment:Remission

Induction Therapy

,onsolidation and(aintenanceTherapy

+( Transplantation

CNS prophylaxis

%ecreased productiono) normal blood cells

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%ecreased production o)normal blood cells

eukopenia

-./012 x #3 4'5

DiagnosticTest:,+,

s/sx:

presence o)petechiae

bruise 6 bleedeasily

anemia

)atigue

di77iness

palpitations

d s nea

Treatment:

+loodtrans)usion

8poetin andhemapoeticstimulants$pillage o) lymphoblast

into the bloodstream

9r an in)iltration

In)ections/sx:)ever: chillssei7ure

If not treatedIf treated:Antibiotic

Igeukapheresis

$e ticemia

Death;revention o)complications

# u'5bleedin

Hypovolemic s/sx:hypotensiontachypnea

tachychardia

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9vergrownthymus

,ompressthe $uperior!ena ,ava

$!, syndrome

s/sx:

swelling o)head: neck and

armsobstruction o)

blood )low

s/sx:shortness o)

breathcough

su))ocation

Lymph

nodes

(ediastinallymphadenopathy

+ronchial'tracheal

8sophagealcompression

8rosion o) nodeinto a bronchus'trachea

$everehypoxia

;hysical8xam

Diagnostictest:

ymph node

biopsy

s/sx:lymphadenopathy

s/sx:cough: whee7es:respiratory tract

obstruction

Treatment:

9?administration

+ronchodilators

s/sx:dysphagia

s/sx:hemoptysis

%8ATH