1. 1 Grouping 10 2 126 1.---2.- Line Staff--3. ----

2. 2( Complexity,Formalization,Centralization) 3 1 . (Complexity ) (Differentiation) 31.1 Horizontal Differentiation - (Division of Work) - (JobSpecialization) 1.2 Vertical Differentiation Levels of Control () Levels of Supervision () Levelsof Management ()1.3 Spatial Dispersion ** ** (Coordination) (Communication) (Control) 3. 3 2 . (Formalization) 2.1 Job Standardization () 2.2 Job Description () 2.3 Job Instruction () 2.4 Job Tradition () 3 . (Centralization) 3 1. 2. 4. 4- 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. 1.- Line & Staff-2. 1 () S1.2.3.4.5. 5. 56. 2( 2 & 6) ( 5) ( 10)( 1 & 4)1. ? ( )2. ?( / 1 )AB C DE F G (1). A (3 ) B 3 2. - 1 (2). 2 1 A B 2. A B E3. 5 - - - - - 4. (Staff Agency) Quiz 6. 6**5. --- 3 5 6. 7.8. Line Staff () D, E, F, G, H 5 A 25 5 () - A-B-D- A-B-EAB CD E F G H 7. 7- A-C-F- A-C-G- A-C-H --- D, E, F, G, H 5 5 5 A B 2 C 3 3 1. A B C2. B D, E C F, G, H3. D, E, F, G, H ( 129) 4,096 1: 4 1,365 1416642561,0244,096 1: 8 585 18645124,096 6 4 8. 81. Administrative Theories 2. Bureaucratic Model 3. Scientific Management 4. Gantt Chart 5. Motion and Time Study 6. Line Officer 7. Staff Officer 8. Chain of Command 9. Hierarchy 10. Span of Control 11. Level of Supervision 12. Political Environment 13. Primary Organization 14. Secondary Organization ... ( ) (Principles of Organization) (Formal Organization Theory) 1. 2. 3. 9. 9 4. 5. 1.?2. (Organizing) ?3. Classic ? (Barton and Chappell) 2 ()1. General Environment - - - 2. Political Environment --- - - - 10. 101. ?2. ?1. - - - - - - 2. GoodGovernance (Traditional Organization) Contemporary Traditional Organization Contemporary Organization 11. 11Traditional Organization Contemporary Organization - ? () PS 708 .. (Organization Theory : OT) (Organization Behavior : OB) - 1. (Motivation)2. (Leadership)3. (Communication)4. (Learning)5. (Perception)6. (Conflict)7. (Stress) 12. 12 1. ?2. ? (The Independent Variables) 3 1. (Individual Level) 2. (Group Level) 3. (Organization Systems Level ) 1. , ,, - , ,, ------- 13. 132. (Group level variable) 5 5 5 5 --------3. (Organization systems levelvariables) (Productivity) - ,,,,, --- , , , 4 14. 14 OB ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* (OB Model) (Model) (Independence Variable) (DependenceVariable) 3 () () OB Model -(Productivity)-(Absenteeism)- (TurnOver)(Job Satisfaction)(OrganizationSystem Level) (Group Level)(Individual Level)- 4 1. (Productivity) ()- (Effectiveness) - (Efficiency) (Output) (Input) Input 15. 15 2. (Absenteeism) (AssemblyLine) 3. (Turn Over) 16. 16( KM ) Difficult Person 4. (Job Satisfaction) 1 3 1. Individual Level2. Group Level3. Organization Systems Level1. 1.1 Biographical Characteristics 1.2 Personality 17. 171.3 Values and Attitude 1.4 Ability 1.5 Perception 1.6 Motivation 1.7 Individual Learning 1.8 Individual Decision Making 2. 2.1 (Communication)2.2 (Group Decision Making)2.3 (Other Groups) 2.4 (Leadership)2.5 (Group Structure)2.6 (Conflict)2.7 (Work Teams)2.8 (Power and Politics)3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18. 182. 2.1 (Conflict) 2 2 30 % 1.Perceived Adverse Changes 2. (Line) (Staff) Staff 19. 193.Sexsual Harassment 4. - ---5. (PersonalDisposition) Personality Clashes 2.2 (Communication) 6 1. (Source/Sender) 2. (Massage) 3. (Channel) E-mail 20. 204. (Receiver) 5. (Feed Back) 6. 1.E-mail 2.Telecommuting Part Time 30 % Telecommuter TeleWorker3.Presentation Technology Power Point 21. 21 (Sociometry) // . Sociogram Sociogram-Social Networks -Clusters Social Networks Cluster-Prescribed Clusters -Emergent Clusters -Coalitions -Cliques -Stars ()-Liaisons -Bridges -Isolates 4 A Stars Bridges D F Isolates A ( 23 ) 22. 22......- Sociometry( Bank of America) PS 708 Organization and Management.. 29 2553 (Group Behavior Model) 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 23. 23 (...... )1. () 1.1 (Organization Strategy) (Down Sizing) Performance 1.2 (Authority Structure) 1.3 (Formal Regulations) Job Description () 24. 241.4 (Organizational Resources) 1.5 (HumanResources Selection Process) 1.6 (Performance Evaluation and Reward System) 1.7 (Organizational Culture) Subculture 1.8 (Physical WorkSetting) 2. (Group Member Resources) 2.1 2.2 25. 25----- -3. 3.1 (Formal Leadership) (Project Manager) 3.2 (Roles) 3.3 (Norms) - - 26. 263.4 (Status) 3.5 (Size) 5-7 (12 ) Inputs 7 Inputs Social Loafing () Free Rider 3 1+1+1 3 Social Loafing 5-7 3.6 (Composition) Heterogeneous Group 3.7 (Cohesiveness) -- -- 27. 27-- 4. 4.1 Social Loafing 1+1+1 3 NegativeSynergy 4.2 Synergy () 1+1+1 3 4.3 Social Facilitation Effect Routine 5. (Group Tasks) () Routine 6. (Group Decision Making) Inputs 28. 286.1 (Interacting Groups) 6.2 (Brain Storming) 6-12 6.3 Nominal Group Technique 6.4 (Electronics Meeting) 50 **************************************************** (Theory of Motivation) Herzbergs MotivationHygiene Theory 2 1. Motivator Factors (Internal Factors) : () ..1. 2. 29. 293. () ( Line) 4. 5. (Internal Factor) 2. Hygiene Factors : 1. 2.3. 4. 5. ..... ...... 30. 30 ...