592 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Explanatory or more detailed references (where there are many), or references toplaces where an artist’s work is best represented, are given in bold. Numbers in ital-ics are picture references. Dates are given for all artists, architects and sculptors.Conjectural attributions to artists and sculptors are not indexed.

AAbbazia delle Tre Fontane 479–480Abbot Luigi 281, 294Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 377Accademia di San Luca 211Achilles, Seated, statue of 276Acqua Appia 503Acqua Claudia 14, 346, 368, 498, 502, 549Acqua Felice 24, 235–236, 502, 503, 552Acqua Julia 503, 552Acqua Marcia 227, 332, 480, 498, 503, 552Acqua Paola 25, 390, 403. 503Acqua Tepula 503, 552Acqua Vergine 168, 209, 503Acqua Vergine Nuova 160, 503Acquario Romano 545Acquisti, Luigi (1745–1823) 544Actium, battle of 13, 97, 120, 122, 259Aeneas 79, 85, 232Afro (Afro Basaldella; 1912–76) 200Ager Faliscus, the 207Agnes, St 480–81Agresti, Livio (c. 1508–79) 318, 401, 524Agrippa 230, 259, 266 (see also Baths)Alaric, sack of Rome by 16Albani, Cardinal Alessandro 38, 548Albani, Francesco (1578–1660) 213, 318Alberti, Durante (1538–1616) 426, 538Alberti, Leon Battista (1404–72) 209, 405Aldobrandini Marriage 446–47, 547Alexander VI, Pope 22, 255, 401, 438Alexander VII, Pope 26, 150, 154, 159,

284; (and Bernini) 25, 215, 217 406; (monument to) 414

Alexis, St 329, 352Algardi, Alessandro (1598–1654) 41, 48,

123, 131, 132, 141, 152, 153, 188, 211, 214, 249, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 296, 312, 359, 377, 391, 414, 538; (bust

of Innocent X) 139; (Dadoforo) 279; (Leo Arresting the Progress of Attila) 416 (Mellini monuments) 163

All Saints, church of 167, 570Allegrini, Francesco (1587–1663) 278Altemps family 272–73Altemps, Roberto 279Amato, Orazio (1884–1952) 375American Academy 390Amici, Luigi (1817–97) 267, 415Ammannati, Bartolomeo (1511–92) 177,

201, 203, 387, 546Ammianus Marcellinus 16, 63, 117Amphitheatrum Castrense 367Ancus Marcius, king 385, 504Andersen, Hendrik 541Andrea d’Assisi (L’Ingegno; late 15C) 43Andrea del Sarto 187, 303Andreotti, Libero (1875–1933) 198, 199Angelico, Fra’ 377, 434, 463; (tomb of) 265Angelini, Giuseppe (1735–1811) 330Anguissola, Sofonisba (1532/5–1625) 146Anicetus, Pope 279, 405Aniene, river 521, 527Anio Novus, aqueduct 368, 503, 521Anio Vetus, aqueduct 502, 503, 521Antinous 533; (likenesses of) 240, 449, 458,

548Antiochos, sculptor 275Antiquarium Comunale 341Antiquarium of the Forum 82Antium, battle of 72Antonello da Messina (c. 1430–79) 189Antoniazzo Romano (active 1460–1508)

141, 147, 264, 265, 323, 361, 367, 392,479, 535, 540

Antoninus Pius, Emperor 15Antonio del Grande (1625–71) 137, 143,

175, 311

INDEX

Aphrodite of Cnidos 457, 533Apollo Belvedere 27, 184, 455Apollodorus of Damascus, architect 113Apollonius, sculptor 234Apoxyomenos 455Appartamento dei Conservatori 40–43Aprile, Francesco (d. 1685) 323Aqueducts, general 503 (see also Acqua

Claudia, Anio Vetus etc) Aqueduct of Nero 549 Aqueduct of Trajan 390Ara Pacis 158, 455Arcadia, Academy of 386Arcesilaus, sculptor 122Arches, general 76, 106

Arcus Argentariorum 323Arcus Novus 151of Augustus 42, 78of Constantine 104–05; 104, 105of Dolabella and Silanus 345of Drusus 338of Gallienus 549of Janus 322of Marcus Aurelius 40di Portogallo 40, 43of Septimius Severus 60, 67of Tiberius 76of Titus 82–83, 83

Area Sacra di Largo Argentina 549–50Area Sacra di Sant’Omobono 324Area delle Tombe Latine 502Ares, Seated, statue of (see Achilles) 277Argiletum 72Arnolfo di Cambio (c. 1245–1302) 40, 57,

248, 362, 382, 478Arrigucci, Luigi (active 1620–30) 323Aspetti, Tiziano (1565–1607) 132Asprucci, Antonio (1723–1808) 181, 189,

190Asprucci, Mario (1764–1804) 189, 190Auditorium, the 552Augustine, St 16, 289, 504Augustus, Emperor 13, 14, 62, 86, 119,

120, 155, 238–39, 520; Forum of119–21; (house of) 97; (mausoleum of) 158, 550 (Prima Porta statue of) 50–51, 451, 451, 452

Aula Isiaca 95Aula Ottagona 234

Aulenti, Gae (b. 1927) 212Aureli, Cesare (1843–1923) 383Aurelian Walls 8, 15, 338, 368, 375, 385,

395, 552Avanzi, Jacopo (early 15C) 146Aventine Hill 326ffAvignon, popes in 20, 265, 364, 399Azzurri, Francesco (1831–1901) 220, 229

BBabington’s English Tea Rooms 174Babuino 168, 281Baccio da Montelupo (1469–1535) 397Baciccia (Giovanni Battista Gaulli;

1639–1709) 147, 216, 270, 292, 303, 318, 377, 384, 537, 539

Badalocchio, Sisto (1585–c. 1619) 189, 340,341, 342

Baglione, Giovanni (1571–1644) 146, 186, 214, 249, 355, 362, 382

Bagni di Tivoli 534Baldi, Lazzaro (c. 1624–1703) 176, 337Balla, Giacomo (1871–1958) 196, 197, 540Balthus (Baltazar Klossowski de Rola) 178,

179Balzico, Alfonso (1825–1901) 193Banca d’Italia 545Bandinelli, Baccio (1493–1560) 132Baratta, Francesco (1590–after 1656) 268,

388, 538Baratta, Giovanni Maria (1670–1747) 268Barberini, Cardinal Antonio 226Barberini family 25Barberini Harp 368Barberini Hera 458Barberini, Maffeo (see Urban VIII)Barberini tapestry workshop 431Barberini tombs (Etruscan) 208Barocci, Federico (Il Baroccio;

1526–1612) 141, 214, 264, 296, 377, 426, 459, 465

Bartoli, Alfonso 63, 87Bartoli, Amerigo (1890–1971) 200Bartolomeo, Fra’ (Bartolomeo della Porta;

1475–1517) 187, 377Basile, Ernesto (1857–1932) 155Basilica of Constantine (see Basilica of

Maxentius)Basilica Emilia 73

INDEX 593

Basilica Julia 74Basilica of Maxentius 81–82Basilica di Porta Maggiore 368Basilica Ulpia 116Bassano family 141Bassano, Francesco(1549–92) 287, 292Bassano, Jacopo (c. 1510–92) 188Baths (general) 230

Baths of Agrippa 230, 266Baths of Caracalla 230, 331–34, 331, 334Baths of Constantine 213Baths of Diocletian 229ffBaths of Nero 230Baths of Titus 107Baths of Trajan 107

Batoni, Pompeo (1708–87) 145, 188, 228, 376, 466, 544, 549

Bazzani, Cesare (1873–1939) 191, 315Beccafumi, Domenico (1485–1551) 250Bellarmine, Cardinal Roberto 292, 293Bellini, Giovanni (c. 1435–1516) 46, 141,

189, 465Belrespiro (see Villa Doria Pamphilj)Beltrami, Luca (1854–1933) 462Belvedere Torso 444, 457Benedict XIV, Pope 100Benedict XV, Pope 415Benedict, St 384Bernardini tomb (Etruscan) 208Bernich, Ettore 545Bernini, Gian Lorenzo (1598–1680) 25, 26,

41, 42, 127, 132, 140, 149, 155, 159, 160, 163, 165, 172, 185, 188, 212, 217,219, 220, 224, 225, 252, 260, 263, 265, 266, 268, 272, 277, 289, 292, 309, 312, 372, 388, 389, 395, 403, 466, 495, 523, 537; (Apollo and Daphne) 184; (Baldacchino in St Peter’s) 412; (Blessed Lodovica Albertoni) 384; (Cathedra of St Peter) 412–413; (David) 183, 184; (Fontana del Tritone) 225; (Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi) 268, 269; (Gabriele Fonseca) 156; (monument to Urban VIII)414; (Piazza San Pietro) 403; (Ponte Sant’Angelo) 176, 393, 393; (Rape of Persephone) 184; (Sant’Andrea al Quirinale) 215, 215; (Santa Bibiana) 536; (St Peter’s) 25, 406, 408, 409, 410, 412, 414, 415, 416, 417; (St Teresa) 235;

Bernini contd.(Scipione Borghese) 188; (self-portrait) 183, 188; (tomb of) 248; (tomb of Maria Raggi) 266

Bernini, Pietro (1562–1629) 182, 185, 217, 249, 294, 312

Bessarion, Cardinal 148, 337Bianchi, Pietro (1694–1740) 145, 416Biblioteca Casanatense 266Biblioteca Corsiniana 377Biblioteca Lancisiana 402Biblioteca Nazionale 550Biblioteca Vallicelliana 298Bioparco (see Zoo)Bistolfi, Leonardo (1859–1935) 129Bitta, Antonio della (19C) 268Bizzaccheri, Carlo (active 1700–17) 320,

537Bloemen, Jan Frans van (1662–1749) 141,

145, 377, 466Bocca della Verità 319; 321Boccaccino, Boccaccio (c. 1467–1524) 141Boccioni, Umberto (1882–1916) 196, 197Boldini, Giovanni (1842–1931) 194, 196Bolgi, Andrea (1605–56) 388, 410Bonaparte, Letitia 151, 376Bonaparte, Pauline (see Borghese)Bonelli, Cardinal Michele 112Boni, Giacomo 63, 87, 90Boniface VIII, Pope 409Bonsi, Giovanni (active 1366–71) 462Bordone, Paris (1500–70) 139, 250, 397,

465Borghese, Camillo 182Borghese, Cardinal Scipione 25, 182, 185,

186, 217, 286, 495; (portrait bust of) 188

Borghese Chapel (S.M. Maggiore) 249Borghese family 25 (see also Museo and

Galleria Borghese)Borghese, Pauline 179, 182, 548Borgia, Cesare 439Borgia, Rodrigo (see Alexander VI)Borgia Rooms (Vatican) 438–40Borgo, district 21, 399ffBorgo Pio 401Borgo Sant’Angelo 401Borgo Santo Spirito 401Borgognone (Guillaume Courtois; c.

594 INDEX

1628–79) 134, 145, 216, 252, 540, 549Borromeo, St Charles 156, 252, 296, 304Borromini, Francesco (1599–1667) 175,

219, 220, 236, 271, 282, 287, 308, 312, 337, 358, 359, 385–86, 415, 421; (burial place of) 312; (Oratorio dei Filippini) 298; (Palazzo Spada) 302, 303;(San Carlo) 217–19, 218; (Sant’Agnese)268, 270, 270; (Sant’Ivo) 272

Boscoli, Tommaso (1503–74) 310Bosio, Antonio 492Boswell, James 26Botticelli, Sandro (1444–1510) 187, 214,

442Bracci, Pietro (1700–73) 132, 154, 183, 209,

250, 266, 376Braccio Nuovo (see New Wing) Bramante, Donato (1444–1514) 22, 162,

285, 372, 428, 434, 447, 449, 455; (St Peter’s) 405–06, 410 (Tempietto) 388, 389

Bramantino (Bartolomeo Suardi; 1455–1536)479

Brandi, Giacinto (1623–91) 155, 216, 289, 304

Brasini, Armando (1879–1965) 539Bravi, Giuseppe (b. 1940) 383Breakspear, Nicholas (see Hadrian IV)Breck, George (1863–1920) 539Bregno, Andrea (Andrea da Milano; c.

1421–1506) 56, 148, 160, 165, 252, 266, 350, 400, 481; (tomb of) 266

Bril, Paul (1554–1626) 141, 169, 182, 214, 381

British School at Rome 201Bronzino, Agnolo (1503–72) 144, 187, 211Brueghel, Jan the Elder (1568–1625) 141,

143, 146, 303Brueghel, Pieter the Elder (c. 1525–69) 141Bruno, Giordano 300Brutus 13Brutus, portrait head 42Bugiardini, Giuliano (1475–1554) 146Bulgarini, Bartolomeo (active 1354–73) 524Buonvicino, Ambrogio (c. 1552–1622) 294,

408, 538Burckardt, Bishop Hans 544–45Burne-Jones, Sir Edward (1833–98) 168,

539

Burri, Alberto (1915–95) 200Buti, Carlo (1902–63) 538

CCabianca, Vincenzo (1827–1902) 192Cades, Giuseppe (1750–99) 148Cadorna, General Raffaello 389, 480Caelian Hill 339ffCaesar (see Julius Caesar)Caffà, Melchiorre (1635–67) 536Caffè Greco 174, 175Caffi, Ippolito (1809–66) 192, 375, 544Cairoli, Enrico and Giovanni 179, 389, 547Calandra, Davide (1856–1915) 155, 189,

194Calandrino, Paolo (16C) 524Calcografia Nazionale 540Calder, Alexander (1898–1976) 200Calderini, Guglielmo (1837–1916) 475, 478Caligula, Emperor 242, 520Callot, Jacques (c. 1592–1635) 377Campagna Romana 490–91Cambellotti, Duilio (1876–1960) 196, 540,

548Camera dei Deputati 155Campagna, Girolamo (1549–c. 1625) 132Campidoglio (see Capitoline Hill)Campigli, Massimo (1895–1971) 200Campo dei Fiori 299–300Campo Verano 327, 467, 469Campus Martius 13, 21, 135Camuccini, Vincenzo (1771–1844) 329,

478, 482Canaletto (Antonio Canal; 1697–1768) 211Canevari, Angelo (1901–55) 554Canevari, Antonio (1681–c. 1750) 343, 536Canevari, Raffaele (1829–1900) 543Canina, Luigi (1795–1856) 486, 499, 500Canonica, Pietro (1869–1959) 128,

189–90, 415Canova, Antonio (1757–1822) 27, 134, 147,

191, 192, 414, 417, 418, 450, 456, 499, 544; (mausoleum of Clement XIV) 148; (monument to the last Stuarts) 149, 415; (Pauline Borghese) 182

Canuti, Domenico (1626–84) 536Capalti, Alessandro (c. 1810–68) 292Capitoline Hill 35ffCapitoline Museums 38ff

INDEX 595

Capitoline Venus 27, 49, 49Capitolium (Ostia) 511Capogrossi, Giuseppe (1900–72) 198, 200Cappella Paolina (see Borghese Chapel)Cappella Sistina (see Sistina Chapel)Capponi, Luigi (active 1485–98) 340, 350,

364Cappuccini, church of 226Caracalla, Emperor 16, 67, 323 (see also

Baths)Caracciolo, Battistello (c. 1578–1635) 183Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi;

1571–1610) 143, 185–86, 224, 226, 286, 377, 465; (Calling of St Matthew)287; (Conversion of St Paul) 163, 164; (Crucifixion of St Peter) 162, 163; (Gipsy Fortune-teller) 44; (Madonna di Loreto)288; (Madonna dei Palafrenieri) 186; (Narcissus) 224; (Penitent Magdalene) 141,142; (Rest on the Flight) 141; (Young St John the Baptist) 186

Carcere Mamertino (see Mamertine Prison)Carceri Nuove 311Carimini, Luca (1830–90) 304Carlevaris, Luca (c. 1665–1731) 377Carrà, Carlo (1881–1966) 196, 197, 198,

540Carracci, Annibale (1560–1609) 139, 145,

163, 183, 214, 302, 303, 310Carracci, Antonio (1583–1618) 213, 538Carracci, Ludovico (1555–1619) 44, 214Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi 116, 545Casa dei Crescenzi 320–21Casa di Dante 370Casa di Goethe 171Casa di Livia (see Livia, House of)Casino dell’Aurora Pallavicini 213Casino del Bel Respiro 391Casoni, Antonio (17C) 282, 537Casorati, Felice (1886–1963) 198, 199, 540Cassius Dio 122Castel Sant’Angelo 23, 393ff, 394Castellani collection (Etruscan ceramics and

jewellery) 206Castor and Pollux 77, 212, 232Castro Pretorio 550Catacombs (general) 447, 492ff, 570

Catacombs, Jewish 494, 548Catacombs, Priscilla 482–83

Catacombs, S. Agnese 481Catacombs, S. Callisto 493–94Catacombs of S. Cyriaca 468Catacombs, S. Domitilla 496Catacombs, S. Pancrazio 539Catacombs, S. Sebastiano 494–95

Catherine of Siena, St 264, 265Cati, Pasquale (c. 1559–?1621) 278, 537Cattaneo, Raffaele (1861–89) 468Cavaliere d’Arpino (Giuseppe Cesari;

1568–1640) 41, 186, 214, 228, 249, 252, 287, 296, 305, 336, 361, 392, 540

Cavalli, Emanuele (1904–81) 200Cavallini, Pietro (active 1250–1330) 56–57,

371, 373, 374, 383, 478Cavour, Camillo 28, 130Ceccarini, Giovanni (early 19C) 160Cecilia Metella, tomb of 498Cecilia, St 380–82, 383, 493Cecioni, Adriano (1836–86) 195Cellini, Benvenuto 310, 311, 395, 397, 401,

417Cemeteries (see Campo Verano, Military,

Protestant)Cenci, Beatrice 317, 386Centrale Montemartini 471–74Ceroli, Mario (b. 1938) 200Cerquozzi, Michelangelo (1602–60) 303Cerrini, Giovanni Domenico (1609–81) 145Cerveteri 203, 204, 205, 206, 459, 461, 466Cesari, Bernardo (1571–1622) 362Cézanne, Paul (1839–1906) 194Chapel of St Zeno 251–52Charlemagne 18, 405Charles V, Emperor 23, 290Charles VIII, King of France 130Chiaradia, Enrico (1851–1901) 129Chiaramonti, Luigi (see Pius VII)Chiaramonti Museum (see Museums)Chiari, Giuseppe (1654–1727) 144, 350,

359Chiesa Nuova 294–97Chigi, Agostino 163, 379Chigi Chapel 163–64Chigi, Fabio (see Alexander VII)Chigi family, general 154Chigi Vase 206Chirico, Giorgio de (1888–1978) 174, 198,

199; (tomb of) 384

596 INDEX

Christianity, arrival of 16–17, 23, 68, 71, 81, 105, 253, 259, 423, 492, 538

Christina, Queen of Sweden 159, 179, 201, 376, 377, 386, 447; (monument to) 415;(tomb of) 418

Ciampelli, Agostino (before 1577–1642) 252, 292, 374, 536

Ciardi, Guglielmo (1842–1917) 195Cigoli (Lodovico Cardi; 1559–1613) 139,

186, 249, 312, 544Cinecittà 552–53Cipolla, Antonio (1822–74) 310Circignani, Niccolò (also known as

Pomarancio; 1517–86) 309, 312Circus of Flaminius 314Circus Maximus 325–26Circus of Maxentius 497Circus of Nero 399, 403, 405, 423, 425Circus Varianus 368Cista Ficoroni 206Claude (Claude Gellée, known as Claude

Lorrain; 1600–82) 141; (monument to) 287

Claudius, Emperor 14, 504, 520Clement V, Pope 20, 265Clement VII, Pope 23, 290, 395, 401, 420;

(tomb of) 264Clement VIII, Pope 249Clement XI, Pope 149Clement XII, Pope 47, 209Clement XIII, Pope, monument to 414Clement XIV, Pope, mausoleum of 148Clement, St 347, 352Cleopatra, Queen 120, 122, 155Cleve, Joos van (c. 1485–1540) 376Clivus Capitolinus 63Cloaca Maxima 61, 77, 323Coccia, Francesco (1902–81) 496Coghetti, Francesco (1804–75) 478Cola di Rienzo 20–21, 36, 246, 314, 395Coli, Giovanni (1636–81) 145Collegio Greco 168Collegio Inglese 309Collegio di Propaganda Fide 175Collegio Romano 290, 545Collegio Spagnuolo 309Collegio Teutonico 425Colonna Santa 416Colonna family 20, 21, 143–44

Colonna, Marcantonio 56, 143, 144, 145, 146, 338

Colonna, Michelangelo (c. 1600–87) 304Colonna, Oddone (see Martin V)Colonna, Vittoria 214Colosseum 99ff, 99, 102Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas 337Column of Trajan (see Trajan)Comitium (in Roman Forum) 69Commodi, Andrea (1560–1638) 305Commodus, Emperor, statue of 43Conca, Sebastiano (1680–1764) 211, 350,

359, 376, 381, 537Conca, Tommaso (before 1770–1815) 185,

457Concrete, ancient Roman use of 111Consagra, Pietro (1920–2005) 517Consorti, Vico (1902–79) 408Constantia, daughter of Constantine 480,

482Constantine, Emperor 15, 16, 19, 105, 354,

363, 405, 422, 487, 520, 538, 551; (stat-ue of) 51, 39, 82

Constantius, Emperor 117Contarelli Chapel 287, 288Conti, Giovanni Battista (20C) 371Contini, Giovanni Battista (1641–1723) 539Corcos, Vittorio (1859–1933) 194Cordier, Nicolas (1567–1612) 249, 341,

358, 481Cornacchini, Agostino (1685–1740) 409Cornaro Chapel 235Correggio (Antonio Allegri; 1489–1534)

141, 187Corsini Collection 376–77Corsini Throne 377Corso, Via del 150ffCosmatesque (see Cosmati)Cosmati work 57, 322, 329, 331, 335, 336,

355, 359, 361, 366, 373, 384, 389, 468, 480, 535; (S. Crisogono) 371; (S. Giovanni in Laterano cloisters) 362; (SS. Giovanni e Paolo doorway) 343;(S. Maria in Aracoeli) 55, 57, 58; (S. Maria Maggiore) 246, 248; (S. Prassede)252

Cosmati, Giovanni (Giovanni di Cosma; d. c.1300) 248, 264, 536

Costa, Lorenzo (1460–1535) 188, 324

INDEX 597

Counter-Reformation 23–24, 290, 292, 294Cozza, Count Adolfo (1848–1910) 203Cranach, Lucas the Elder (1472–1553) 187Cremona, Tranquillo (1837–78) 192, 193Crespi, Giuseppe Maria (Lo Spagnuolo;

1665–1747) 466Cristo Re, church of 536Cristofori, Bartolomeo 368Crivelli, Carlo (c. 1430–95) 463Crivelli, Vittorio (d. c. 1500) 463Croce, Baldassare (1558–1628) 236, 252Crocetti, Venanzio (b. 1913) 408Crypta Balbi 134–36Curia, Roman 68Cybele 71, 490, 509, 516 (see also Temple of)

DDacia, Dacians 105, 114, 117Dada movement 196Daddi, Bernardo (active 1317–50) 462, 463Dalbono, Edoardo (1841–1915) 194Damasus I, Pope 245Damkó, József (1872–1955) 361Daniele da Volterra (Daniele Ricciarelli;

1509–66) 42, 152, 176, 288, 388, 445, 446

Danti, Egnazio (1536–86) 431Dazzi, Arturo (1881–1966) 553Debbio, Enrico del (1881–1973) 554Degas, Edgar (1834–1917) 194Dérizet, Antonio (1697–1768) 114, 287Dii Consentes, the 63, 66Diocletian, Emperor 15, 68, 244, 354Dioscuri (see Castor and Pollux)Discobolus 241, 461Divisionism 195, 196Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri;

1581–1641) 189, 214, 226, 228, 235, 258, 287, 293–94, 305, 318, 341, 373, 392, 415, 465

Domine Quo Vadis, church 490Dominic, St 329, 335Domitian, Emperor 71, 91, 240, 268; (Hall

of) 77; (Palace of) 91–93Domus Augustana 92–93Domus Aurea 83, 84, 90, 107–11Domus Flavia 91–92Domus Severiana 96Domus Tiberiana 90, 239

Domus Transitoria 92, 94, 107Donatello (Donato de’ Bardi; 1386–1466)

56, 417Dongen, Kees van (1877–1968) 196Donghi, Antonio (1897–1963) 198Doria family (see Palazzo Doria Pamphilj)Doryphorus 453Dossi, Dosso (Giovani Luteri; 1480–1542)

184, 188Duca, Giacomo del (c. 1520–c. 1601) 114Duchamp, Marcel (1887–1968) 196Dughet, Gaspard (‘Il Poussin’; 1613–75)

139, 145, 146, 167, 213, 377, 379, 538, 540

Duomo (Tivoli) 526Dupré, Giovanni (1817–82) 192Duquesnoy, François 41, 114, 132, 143,

312, 410, 412, 544Dürer, Hans (16C) 303Dyck, Sir Anthony van (1599–1641) 46,

211, 376, 466, 549Dying Gaul 53

EEgidius of Viterbo 441, 444Egmont, Justus van (1601–74) 377Egyptian Museum 448–49Elagabalus, Emperor 71, 79, 98Epigraph collection (in Baths of Diocletian)

231ffEsquiline Hill 254ffEsquiline Venus 474Etruscan, Etruscans 10, 11, 63, 70, 106,

202, 369, 385 (see also Museums, Etruscan)

Etruscan kings 70, 77Eugenius IV, Pope, tomb of 282EUR district 553–54

FFabre, François-Xavier (1766–1837) 542Fabris, Giuseppe de (1790–1860) 262, 392,

404, 448Fabullus, painter 92, 92, 108, 109, 111Facchino, Fontanella del (see Fontanella) Falerii Veteres 207–08Falisci, the 207–08Fancelli, Cosimo (1620–88) 250, 284, 393,

538

598 INDEX

Fancelli, Giacomo Antonio (1619–71) 237, 268

Fanzago, Cosimo (c. 1591–1678) 309Farnese, Alessandro (see Paul III)Farnese, Cardinal Alessandro 87, 90, 291,

379, 529Farnese family (see Palazzo Farnese)Farnese Gardens 87Fasolo, Vincenzo (1885–1969) 548Fatebenefratelli Hospital 315Fattori, Giovanni (1825–1908) 192, 195Fausto, Florestano di (20C) 367Faustulus 85, 97, 322Favretto, Giacomo (1849–87) 195Fellini, Federico 30, 169, 210, 553Fenzoni, Ferraù (1562–1645) 146Ferrabosco, Martino (active 1616–23) 213Ferrari, Ettore (1848–1929) 195, 300, 300Ferrari, Francesco (active 1716–44) 252,

340Ferrata, Ercole (1610–86) 41, 139, 250,

270, 283, 289, 312, 323, 393, 538Ferri, Ciro (1634–89) 252, 270, 303, 414Ferroni, Egisto (1835–1912) 195Filarete (Antonio Averlino; c. 1400–69) 408Fiumicino 519, 555Flaxman, John, sculptor 169Fontana (see Fountains)Fontana, Carlo (1634–1714) 139, 147, 152,

160, 165, 236, 292, 293, 310, 323, 372, 373, 383, 390, 415, 416, 495

Fontana, Carlo Stefano (nephew of Carlo; d. 1740) 347

Fontana, Domenico (1543–1607) 154, 160, 176, 212, 235, 236, 246, 249, 328, 358, 364, 365, 403, 448; (Cappella Sistina) 236, 248; (house of) 562

Fontana, Giovanni (brother of Domenico; 1540–1614) 390

Fontana, Girolamo (brother of Carlo Stefano;active 1690–1714) 287

Fontana, Lucio (1899–1968) 200Fontana, Luigi (1827–1908) 147Fontanesi, Antonio (1818–82) 193Fontebuoni, Anastasio (c. 1580–1626) 330,

535Fora, Imperial 112ff

Forum of Augustus 117–21Forum of Caesar 121–22

Forum of Nerva 123–24Forum of Peace 124Forum of Trajan 113–17

Forma Urbis 124, 135Fornarina, La 375 (portrait) 220, 221Foro Italico 554Forty Martyrs, Oratory of 77Forum, Roman 13, 61ffForum of Augustus etc (see Fora, Imperial) Foschi, Sigismondo (active 1520–32) 303Fosse Ardeatine 495–96Fountains of Rome, general 8

Fontana dell’Acqua Felice 235Fontana delle Api 225Fontana della Barcaccia 172, 173Fontana del Moro 267–68Fountain of the Naiads 227Fontana di Nettuno 268Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi 268, 269Fontana delle Tartarughe 318Fontana di Trevi 209–10, 210Fontana del Tritone 225Fontanella del Facchino 151, 151, 281

Francesco da Volterra (1535–94) 282, 310, 340, 361

Francia, Francesco (Francesco Raibolini; c. 1450–1517) 188, 377

Franciabigio (Francesco di Cristoforo Bigi; 1482–1525) 377

Francis Xavier, St 292Francis, St 384Franzoni, Francesco Antonio (1734–1818)

456, 461Fuga, Ferdinando (1699–1781) 212, 246,

248, 249, 307, 309, 366, 376, 378, 381, 383

Funi, Achille (1890–1972) 198, 536Furini, Francesco (1603–46) 303, 377Futurism 196, 197, 198

GGabii 208, 232, 234Gaddi, Taddeo (c. 1300–66) 462Gagliardi, Filippo (d. 1659) 538Gagliardi, Pietro (1809–90) 288, 310, 478Gai, Francesco (1835–1917) 542Galatian Committing Suicide 278Galilei, Alessandro (1691–1736) 311, 358,

361

INDEX 599

Galilei, Galileo 178, 266Galleria Alberto Sordi 155Galleries

Galleria dell’Accademia di San Luca 211Galleria Borghese (see Museums: Borghese)Gallery of the Candelabra (Vatican) 430Galleria Colonna 143–46Galleria Comunale d’Arte Moderna 540Galleria Doria Pamphilj 137–143Gallery of Inscriptions (Vatican) 451Gallery of Maps (Vatican) 431Gallery of Modern Religious Art 440Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica (in Palazzo Barberini) 220, 224–25; (in Palazzo Corsini) 376–77Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna 191, 192–200 (see also Museo Hendrik Andersen)Galleria Pallavicini 214Gallery of Pius V (Vatican) 431–32Galleria Spada 302–03Gallery of Tapestries (Vatican) 431

Gallori, Emilio (1846–1924) 129, 391Gardens of Licinius 474, 552Gardens of Maecenas 474, 550Gardens of Sallust 239, 474, 550Garibaldi, Giuseppe 28, 130, 144, 389, 390,

421, 469, 546, 547, 551; (statue of) 391Garofalo (Benvenuto Tisi; 1481–1559) 44,

139, 141, 188, 188, 296Gaul, Gauls 35, 53, 75Geese, sacred to Juno 35Gelasius II, Pope 250Gemito, Vincenzo (1852–1929) 193, 195,

540Gentile da Fabriano (c. 1370–1427) 127,

463Gentileschi, Artemisia (1597–1652) 303Gentileschi, Orazio (father of Artemisia;

1565–1647) 155, 303, 361, 377, 466, 538

Germalus, hill 86, 87Gesù, church of 24, 290, 291–93, 291Gesù e Maria, church 536Gherardi, Antonio (d. 1702) 304, 373Gherardi, Filippo (1643–1704) 145, 539Ghetto 314–15Ghezzi, Giuseppe (1634–1721) 323Ghini, Simone (1407–91) 359

Ghirlandaio, Domenico (1449–94) 442Ghirlandaio, Michele di Ridolfo del (son of

Domenico; 1483–1651) 144Giacometti, Alberto (1901–66) 200, 478Giacomo da Pietrasanta (d. c. 1497) 288Giacomo del Duca (c. 1520–1601) 366Giacomo della Porta (1539–1602) 36, 54,

154, 168, 249, 263, 264, 265, 267, 272, 291, 293, 302, 307, 311, 317, 318, 324, 361, 363, 372, 406, 410, 415, 422, 480, 538

Giambologna (Jean Boulogne; 1529–1608) 132

Giaquinto, Corrado (?1699–1765) 315, 367Giardino del Lago (Villa Borghese) 190, 190,

268Gibbon, Edward 55Gibson, John (1790–1866) 376Gigante, Giacinto (1806–76) 194Gimignani, Giacinto (1611–81) 214Giocondo, Fra’ (Giovanni Monsignori;

1457–1515) 406Giordano, Luca (1632–1705) 310, 318, 377,

537, 549Giorgetti, Antonio (d. 1670) 495Giotto di Bondone (1266/67–1337) 361,

408, 462Giovanni del Biondo (active 1356–98) 462Giovanni Dalmata (Ivan Duknovic; c.

1440–1510) 266, 350, 418Giovanni del Duca (16C) 524Giovanni da Milano (active 1346–69) 376Giovanni di Paolo (c. 1403–82) 462Giovanni da San Giovanni (Giovanni

Mannozzi; 1592–1636) 214, 355, 371, 538

Giovanni di Stefano (active 1246–72) 359, 359

Giovanni da Udine (1487–1564) 380, 397, 434, 440, 464, 547; (signature in DomusAurea) 111

Giovanni da Verona, Fra’ (c. 1457–1525) 436

Giovenale, Giovanni Battista (1849–1934) 383

Girolamo da Sermoneta (see Sermoneta)Giuliano da Volterra (16C) 388Giulio Romano (Giulio Pippi; c. 1492–1546)

176, 283, 345, 380, 391, 433, 434, 437,

600 INDEX

465, 547, 549Giustiniani Athena 453Giustiniani Torso 510Giustiniani, Vincenzo 288Gladiators 100Gods, ancient Roman, general 70–71Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 170, 278,

386, 471, 551; (museum) 171Gogh, Vincent van (1853–90) 194Golden House of Nero (see Domus Aurea)Goldoni, Carlo 545Goths 16–18, 147, 260, 332, 340, 492, 503Gozzoli, Benozzo (1420–97) 131, 463Gracchus, Gaius 66–67, 326Grada, Raffaele de (1885–1957) 198Gramsci, Antonio 471Grassi, Orazio (1583–1654) 152Greca, Vincenzo della (1600–60) 536Greco, Emilio (1913–95) 415Gregorini, Domenico (c. 1700–77) 367Gregory I (the Great, St) 17, 18, 335, 340,

341, 395; (tomb of) 415; (on Trajan) 117Gregory IV, Pope 517Gregory VII, Pope 246Gregory X, Pope 31, 32Gregory XI, Pope 264, 428; (tomb of) 127Gregory XIII, Pope 290, 294; (calendar of)

431Gregory XV, Pope I49, 527Gregory XVI 49Griffins, House of 93Guercino (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri;

1591–1666) 44, 141, 145, 146, 188, 214, 226, 258, 289, 296, 303, 318, 377, 465, 549

Guerra, Giovanni (c. 1540–1618) 365Guerrini, Giovanni (1589–c. 1655) 553Guglielmo della Porta (1516–77) 249, 414Guidi, Domenico (1625–1701) 250, 270,

304Guidi, Virgilio (1891–1984) 198, 199Guidotti, Paolo (c. 1560–1629) 371Guj, Enrico (1841–1905) 306Guttuso, Renato (1912–87) 200

HHackert, Jakob Philipp (1737–1807) 171Hadid, Zaha (b. 1950) 191, 542Hadrian, Emperor 103, 230, 259, 393, 395,

528, 529, 533; (mausoleum of) 394, 396Hadrian, villa of (see Villa)Hadrian IV, Pope 419Hadrian VI, Pope 283, 406Hayez, Francesco (1791–1882) 191, 192,

193, 211, 450Helen, St 365, 367, 458; (relics of) 58Holy Roman Emperors 18Holy Years 20, 21, 358, 407, 409Honthorst, Gerrit van (Gherardo delle Notti;

1590–1656) 226, 375, 549Horrea Agrippiana 77, 323Hosmer, Harriet (1830–1908) 175Hospitallers (Knights of Malta) 116, 329,

545Houdon, Jean-Antoine (1741–1828) 228Hungarian Academy 308

IIacopo da Camerino (c. 1260–90) 362Ignatius St, 293, 478; (tomb of) 292Immaculate Conception, Column of 175Inganni, Raffaele (late 19C) 537Innocent III, Pope 19Innocent VIII, monument to 414Innocent X, Pope 137, 217, 219, 268, 271,

273, 421; (portrait of) 138, 139, 421; (tomb of) 270

Inquisition 290, 420, 426Ipogeo degli Aureli 550Isaia da Pisa (active 1447–64) 133, 265,

282, 289, 361Isis, Hall of (see Aula Isiaca); Temple of (see

Temples)Isola Tiberina 315, 316, 317Istituto San Michele a Ripa 383

JJacobites 149 (see also Stuart)Jacobucci, Giovanni (1895–1970) 389Jacometti, Ignazio (1819–83) 248, 365Jacopino del Conte (c. 1510–98) 287, 537Janiculum 28, 385ffJanus, shrine of 73Jappelli, Giuseppe (1783–1852) 548Jerace, Francesco (1854–1937) 129Jesuits 24, 290, 291, 309, 420, 478, 545,

550Jews 16, 314–15, 369

INDEX 601

John Paul II, Pope, tomb of 418John XXIII, Pope 265, 415Jubilee (see Holy Years)Julia, daughter of Augustus 72, 266Julius Caesar 13, 62, 70, 73, 75, 106, 112,

120, 122, 301, 304, 550; (bust of) 452; (Forum of) 13, 121–22

Julius II, Pope 147, 162, 307, 309, 311 420,432, 434, 435; (and St Peter’s) 22, 405; (sculpture collection of) 428, 444, 454, 455; (and Sistine Chapel) 441, 442; (tomb of) 256, 257

Juno (Ludovisi Juno) 171, 278; (Juno Moneta 35, 244; (Juno Sospita) 232; (see also Barberini Hera)

Juvarra, Filippo (1685–1736) 309

KKauffmann, Angelica (1741–1807) 170, 175,

465Keats, John 173, 179, 470Keats-Shelley Memorial House 173Kings of Rome 10 (see also by name)Klimt, Gustav (1862–1918) 195, 196Knights of Malta (see Hospitallers)Koch, Gaetano (1849–1910) 227, 542, 545Kounellis, Jannis (b. 1936) 200

LLacus Curtius 76Lacus Juturnae 78Lake Regillus, battle of 77Landini, Taddeo (c. 1550–96) 267, 318Lanfranco, Giovanni (1581–1647) 213, 289,

293, 304, 312, 318, 341, 377, 414Lanuvio 208, 232, 238Laocoön 27, 455Lapis Niger 69, 232Lateran (see S. Govanni in Laterano)Lateran Treaty 30, 33, 358, 364, 424Laureti, Tommaso (c. 1508–96) 41, 236, 434Lavinium 232Lawrence, Sir Thomas (1769–1830) 169,

466Lawrence, St 81, 156, 467–68, 537; (relics

of) 468Lega, Silvestro (1826–95) 192Legros, Pierre (1666–1719) 153, 154, 292,

304, 359

Leighton, Lord Frederic (1830–96) 196Lemoyne, François (1688–1737) 287Lenardi, Giovanni Battista (1656–1704) 176Leo I, Pope (the Great) 17; (tomb of) 416Leo III, Pope 18, 405Leo IV, Pope 399Leo X, Pope 22, 23, 165, 311, 420, 432,

438; (at Castel Sant’Angelo) 396; (and St Peter’s) 406; (tomb of) 264

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) 243, 464–65

Lepanto, battle of 143Le Roy, Thomas 306Levi, Carlo (1902–75) 199Libera, Adalberto (1903–63) 553Liberius, Pope 245Ligorio, Pirro (c. 1500–83) 406, 426, 522,

523, 529, 537, 546Lippi, Annibale (1563–81) 177, 179Lippi, Filippino (son of Filippo; 1457–1504)

264, 312Lippi, Fra’ Filippo (c. 1406–69) 463Liszt, Franz 523Livia, House of 90–91Loggia Stati Mattei 95Lombardi, Carlo (c. 1554–1620) 127Longhi, Martino the Elder (father of Onorio;

d. 1591) 272, 273, 278, 294, 323Longhi, Martino the Younger (son of Onorio;

1602–60) 156, 210, 538Longhi, Onorio (father of Martino the

Younger) c. 1569–1619) 156, 563Lorenzetti, Pietro (c. 1280–after 1345) 462Lorenzetto (Lorenzo Lotti; 1490–1541) 163,

262, 262Lorenzo di Credi (1439–1537) 187Lorenzo Manilio, house of 317Lotto, Lorenzo (1480–1556) 188, 189, 214Loyola, St Ignatius 152Lucchetti, Giuseppe (1823–1907) 362Ludovisi collection 272–73Ludovisi Juno 171, 278Ludovisi Throne 277Ludus Magnus 107Luini, Bernardino (?1475–1532) 146Lupercalia 70, 97Luther, Martin 23, 165, 290Luti, Benedetto (1666–1724) 145, 359Lutyens, Sir Edwin (1869–1944) 201

602 INDEX

Luzi, Luzio (Luzio da Todi, called Luzio Romano; active 1528–73) 398

Lysippus, sculptor 451, 455, 474, 510

MMaccagnani, Eugenio (19C) 129Maccari, Cesare (1840–1919) 539Maccarone, Curzio (16C) 523–524Macchiaioli School 191, 192, 195Madama Lucrezia 133, 133, 281Maderno, Carlo (1556–1629) 152, 212, 213,

220, 236, 245, 248, 264, 282, 285, 293,294, 304, 311, 318, 340, 388, 403, 478, 536 (St Peter’s) 406, 410, 412

Maderno, Stefano (1576–1636) 249, 382, 382, 426, 478

Madonna dei Monti (church of) 537Madonna del Sacro Cuore, church 271Maecenas 254, 550‘Maestro del Dittico Sterbini’ 131Magister Paulus 375Maini, Giovanni Battista (1690–1752) 270Mameli, Goffredo 390, 469Mamertine Prison 122–23, 477Mancini, Antonio (1852–1930) 194, 195Manfredi, Manfredo (1859–1927) 262Manno, Francesco (1752–1831) 323Manzoni, Piero (1933–63) 200Manzù, Giacomo (Giacomo Manzoni;

1908–91) 200, 408, 467Maraini, Antonio 475 (1886–1963) Marangoni, Luigi (1875–1950) 131Maratta, Carlo (1625–1713) 134, 144, 156,

156, 211, 213, 216, 228, 264, 292, 296, 367, 402, 466, 537; (tomb of) 228

Marcillat, Guillaume de (c. 1467–1529) 163Marchionni, Carlo (1702–86) 548Marcus Aurelius 15, 154, 423; (column of)

154; (equestrian statue of) 36, 37, 47, 356; (head of) 274; (portraits of) 52

Marforio 47, 133, 281Margaritone d’Arezzo (active c. 1262–75)

462Mariani, Camillo (1567–1611) 237Marini, Pasquale (c. 1660–1712) 176Mariotto di Nardo (c. 1373–1424) 463Marius, general 13; (Trophies of) 37, 552Mark Antony 120Martin V, Pope 21, 143; (tomb of) 359

Martini, Arturo (1889–1947) 198, 199, 469, 536

Martini, Simone (c. 1283–1344) 462Martinucci, Filippo (19C) 343Mascherino (Ottaviano Nonni; 1524–1606)

212, 213, 282, 304, 310, 401Masolino da Panicale (Tommaso Fini;

1383–c. 1440) 348, 348, 350, 463Massys, Quinten (1465–1530) 139, 141Master Gregory 49, 212Master of the Kress Landscapes (1484–1527)

188Matthew, St, relics of 248Maxentius, Emperor 15, 105, 152, 350, 487,

497, 551 (see also Basilica)MAXXI (see Museums)Mazzini, Giuseppe 28, 130, 369, 389, 390Mazzolino, Lodovico (c. 1480–1528/30) 141Mazzoni, Giulio (?1525–?1618) 302, 304Medici popes (see Clement VII, Leo X)Meert, Pieter (1619–69) 466Meier, Richard (b. 1934) 158Melozzo da Forlì (1438–95) 134, 148, 213,

367, 463Memling, Hans (c. 1435–94) 141Menelaus, sculptor 277Menghini, Niccolò (1610–55) 123Mengs, Anton Raphael (1728–79) 211, 447,

536, 549Meo del Caprina (1430–1501) 255Meta Sudans 103Metaphysical art 197, 198 (see also Chirico, Giorgio de)Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564) 22,

36, 47, 54, 81, 201, 227, 249, 302, 307, 387, 396, 424, 446, 480, 517; (bustof) 42; (memorial to) 148; (Moses) 256, 256, 257; (Palazzo dei Conservatori) 39;(Piazza del Campidoglio) 37; (Pietà)413–14, 413; (portrait of) 176; (Risen Christ) 264; (St Peter’s) 406, 410; (SistineChapel) 23, 441–46; (tomb of Julius II)256, 257; (and Vittoria Colonna) 214

Michelucci, Giovanni (1881–1991) 469Michetti, Francesco Paolo (1851–1929) 195Michetti, Nicola (1675–1759) 383Miliarium Aureum 67Military Cemetery 471Milvian Bridge, battle of 15, 105, 551

INDEX 603

Minguzzi, Luciano (1911–2004) 408Mino da Fiesole (1431–85) 148, 165, 266,

381, 418, 441Mino del Reame (active 1463–77) 248, 373Mitelli, Agostino (1609–60) 304Mithras, cult of 234, 330, 333, 346, 353,

456, 507, 510, 512, 513, 514, 515Mochi, Francesco (1580–1646) 249, 264,

294, 410, 544Moderno, Il (late 15C) 132Modigliani, Amedeo (1884–1920) 196Mola, Pier Francesco (1612–66) 211, 213Monaco, Lorenzo (c. 1370–1425) 463Monaldi, Paolo (c. 1710–79) 225Mondrian, Piet (1872–1944) 196Monet, Claude (1840–1926) 194Monica, St 289, 504, 517; (tomb of) 289Monte de Pietà 304Monte Testaccio 471Montecitorio (see Palazzo di Montecitorio)Monteverde, Giulio (1837–1917) 129, 193Monument to heroes of the Republic 389Morandi, Giorgio (1890–1964) 196, 197,

199, 540More, Jacob (1740–93) 190Morelli, Cosimo (1732–1812) 544Morelli, Domenico (1823–1901) 191, 193Moretti, Luigi (1907–73) 554Moretto da Brescia (1498–1554) 465Moro, Aldo 30, 318Morris, William (1834–96) 539Mosca, Simone (1492–1553) 258, 284Mosque 554Muñoz, Antonio (1884–1960) 119, 228,

322, 328, 354Muratori, Domenico (1661–1774) 148, 359Murillo, Bartolomé (1617–82) 376Museums

dell’Alto Medioevo 540dell’Arma del Genio 540of Arms and Armour 397d’Arte Contemporanea (MACRO) 541d’Arte Contemporanea (MAXXI) 541d’Arte Orientale 542d’Arte Sanitaria 402delle Arti e Tradizioni Popolari 542Astronomico e Copernicano 541Barracco 306–07dei Bersaglieri 544

Museums contd.Borghese 181, 182ffCanonica 189Capitolini 26ff; (see also Centrale Montemartini)del Castel Sant’Angelo 396–98Chiaramonti (Vatican) 451of Christian Art (Vatican) 446della Civiltà Romana 541del Corso 541Criminologico 311Etruscan (Vatican) 458–61Etruscan (Villa Giulia) 201–03, 208di Giorgio de Chirico 174Hendrik Christian Andersen 541of Jewish Art 317Mario Praz 541–42delle Mura 338Napoleonico 542delle Navi Romane 519Nazionale Romano (in Baths of Diocletian) 229, 231–35Nazionale Romano (Crypta Balbi) 134–36Nazionale Romano (in Palazzo Altemps) 272ffNazionale Romano (in Palazzo Massimo alle Terme) 238–44Numismatico 543Ostiense 509–11of Pagan Antiquities (Vatican) 448Palatino 93delle Paste Alimentari 542Pio-Clementino (Vatican) 454, 455–58delle Poste e Telecommunicazioni 544Preistorico ed Etnografico 543del Risorgimento 130di Roma 543–44di Roma in Trastevere 375di Strumenti Musicali 367–68Tassiano 392Teatrale del Burcardo (Theatre Museum) 544Torlonia 378Vatican 26, 427ffVatican History 364della Via Ostiense 469di Zoologia 191

Mussolini, Benito 29, 30, 103, 112, 130,

604 INDEX

199, 241, 548Muziano, Girolamo (1528–92) 318, 417,

431, 466, 538Myron 241, 306, 451, 461

NNaldini, Giovanni Battista (1537–91) 176Naldini, Pietro Paolo (1619–91) 393Nanni di Baccio Bigio (d. c. 1568) 135, 159,

177, 264, 517Napoleon I, Bonaparte 27, 106, 178, 213,

416, 421, 456, 462, 542, 548Napoleon III 28, 87Nebbia, Cesare (c. 1536–1614) 236, 311,

361, 365, 401, 431, 524, 538Necropoli Ostiense 551Necropoli di Porto 518–19Neri, St Philip 294, 296, 298, 312Nero, Emperor (see also Domus Aurea) 84,

107–08, 160, 356, 399, 520, 549 (statue of) 103

Neroni, Matteo (16C) 524Nerva, Forum of 123–24Nervi, Antonio (1925–79) 554Nervi, Pier Luigi (1891–1979) 425, 553, 554New Wing (Vatican) 451–53Niccolò dell’Abate (1511–71) 303Niccolò di Liberatore (L’Alunno; d. 1502)

463, 549Nicholas IV, Pope 20, 246, 249Nicholas V, Pope 21, 37, 405, 428, 432, 447Nicoletti, Francesco (18C) 391Nicolò di Angelo (active 1170–80) 478Nittis, Giuseppe de (1846–84) 194Nogari, Paris (1536–1601) 252, 258, 361,

538Nollekens, Joseph (1737–1823) 211Nome di Maria, church of 114‘Novecento’ art movement 198–200, 199Nucci, Avanzino (c. 1552–1629) 289Numa Pompilius 79–80, 385

OObelisks, general 24, 120, 236, 357

Dogali monument 229Piazza dell’Esquilino 245Piazza Minerva 263Piazza Montecitorio 155Piazza Navona 268

Obelisks contd.Piazza del Popolo 159–60Piazza del Quirinale 212Piazza della Rotonda 263Piazza San Pietro 403, 520Piazza Trinità dei Monti 176, 550Pincio 180San Giovanni in Laterano 356Villa Celimontana 346

Octavian (see Augustus)Odazzi, Giovanni (1663–1731) 147, 237,

359Odeon of Domitian 547Ojetti, Raffaello (1845–1924) 542Olivieri, Pier Paolo (115–99) 127, 293, 362Oppian Hill 107ffOratorio dei Filippini 298Oratorio di Santa Lucia del Gonfalone 311Oratorian Order 294Oratory of the Forty Martyrs 77Oratory of St Agnes 270Oratory of S. Andrea 341Oratory of S. Barbara 341Oratory of S. Silvia 341Orto Botanico 378Ortolano (Gian Battista Benvenuti;

1488–1525) 141, 188Ospedale di Santo Spirito 19, 21, 401–02,

407Osteria dell’ Orso 546Ostia 17, 239, 240, 242, 289, 432, 447,

466, 470, 480. 504ffOstia (Lido) 517Ostia (medieval) 517Overbeck, Friedrich (1789–1869) 237

PPadula, Ernesto Bruno la (20C) 553Palatine Hill 11, 85ffPalazzetto di Venezia 131Palazzina of Pius IV 546Palazzi

Palazzo Altemps 272–79Palazzo d’Aste Rinuccini Bonaparte 151Palazzo Baldassini 546Palazzo Balestra 149Palazzo Barberini 220, 220, 222–24; (see also Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica)Palazzo Borghese 546

INDEX 605

Palazzo Braschi 544Palazzo della Cancelleria 305Palazzo Capranica 546Palazzo Cenci 317Palazzo Chigi 154Palazzo della Civiltà del Lavoro 553Palazzo Colonna 143–46Palazzo dei Conservatori 37–38, 39Palazzo dei Convertendi, 400Palazzo Corsini 375–77Palazzo Doria (see Palazzo Pamphilj)Palazzo Doria-Pamphilj 137–43Palazzo delle Esposizioni 546Palazzo Falconieri 308–09Palazzo Farnese 301–02, 301, 307Palazzo Giustiniani 287Palazzo di Giustizia 546Palazzo Lateranense 364–65Palazzo Madama 271Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne 546Palazzo Massimo alle Terme 237, 239–43Palazzo di Montecitorio 155Palazzo Nuovo 37, 47Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi 213Palazzo Pamphilj 271Palazzo Pio (Righetti) 300Palazzo Poli 209, 210Palazzo del Quirinale 29, 212–13Palazzo Sacchetti 311Palazzo Salviati 151Palazzo della Sapienza 272Palazzo Senatorio 54Palazzo Simonetti 152Palazzo Spada 302–04Palazzo dello Sport 554Palazzo Taverna 282Palazzo Torlonia 400Palazzo Turci 281Palazzo di Venezia 130–32Palazzo Zuccari 177

Palestrina 206, 208, 233, 238, 459Palizzi, Filippo (1818–99) 194Palizzi, Giuseppe (1812–88) 194Palma Vecchio (Giacomo Negretti;

1480–1528) 44, 144, 189Palmezzano, Marco (1456–c. 1539) 303, 463Pamphilj, Giovan Battista (see Innocent X)Pannini, Giovanni Paolo (1691–1765) 549

Pantheon 17, 259–63, 259, 260Paolo Romano (Paolo Salviati; active

1404–17) 336Papacy 16ff, 31ff, 340, 425Papal power, end of 29, 33, 389, 421, 424Parco degli Acquedotti 502Parco della Caffarella 490–91Parco della Musica 552Parco Savello 327Parco degli Scipioni 337Parco di Villa Glori 547Parentino, Bernardino (c. 1437–1531) 141Parks of Rome, general 8Parmigianino (Francesco Mazzola; 1503–40)

187Parthians 67, 78, 117, 121Paschal I, Pope 250, 251Paschal II, Pope 160Paschetto, Paolo (1885–1963) 548Pasolini, Pier Paolo 390, 517Pasquino 22, 261, 280–81Passalacqua, Pietro (c. 1690–1748) 367Passarelli, Fausto (1910–98) 466Passarelli, Lucio (b. 1922) 429, 466Passeggiata del Gianicolo 391–92Passignano (Domenico Cresti; 1560–1638)

214, 249, 294, 312Pastura (Antonio da Viterbo; c. 1450–1516)

381Paul II, Pope 130, 133, 150Paul III, Pope 23–24, 159, 290, 302, 420,

426; (and Castel Sant’Angelo) 23, 397; (and Counter-Reformation) 23; (and Michelangelo) 37, 420; (and St Peter’s)406; (monument to) 414

Paul IV, Pope 22, 24, 293, 314, 454Paul V, Pope 25, 26, 124, 217, 503; (and St

Peter’s) 406, 408; (tomb of) 249Paul VI, Pope 475Paul, St 123, 253, 361, 475, 477, 479, 480,

494; (tomb of) 478Peace, Forum of 124Penni, 380Penni, Francesco (1496–after 1528) 380,

433, 434, 437, 465Perino del Vaga (Pietro Buonaccorsi;

1500–47) 152, 176, 303, 345, 377, 397, 440, 446, 465; (Raphael Rooms in Vatican) 434, 436, 437

606 INDEX

Perugino (Pietro Vannucci; 1446–1523) 186,437, 442, 463, 549

Peruzzi, Baldassare (1481–1537) 188, 225, 273, 283, 284, 310, 314, 367, 379, 380, 406, 546

Peschiera-Capore aqueduct 503Peter, St 31, 33, 123, 127, 253, 255, 334,

399, 477, 490, 494; (Cathedra of)412, 413, 417; (chains of) 255, 258; (Communion table of) 254, 361; (tomb of) 412, 418, 422–23

Peter, Wenceslao (1742–1829) 466Pheidias 275, 306, 533Philip and James, Saints 147; (relics of) 148Phocas, Byzantine emperor 259; (Column of)

76Pia Marcia, aqueduct 227Piacentini, Marcello (1881–1960) 469, 536,

553Piacentini, Pio (1846–1928) 546Piano, Renzo (b. 1937) 552Piazze

Piazza Barberini 225Piazza della Bocca della Verità 319Piazza del Campidoglio 37ffPiazza dei Cavalieri di Malta 329Piazza dei Cinquecento 227Piazza Colonnna 154Piazza Navona 267ffPiazza del Popolo 159ffPiazza del Quirinale 212Piazza della Repubblica 227Piazza di San Pietro 401ffPiazza di Spagna 172–75Piazza Venezia 128ff

Piazzetta, Giovanni Battista (1682–1754) 211

Piero di Cosimo (c. 1462–?1521) 187, 442Pietro da Cortona (Pietro Berrettini;

1596–1669) 42, 44, 134, 146, 151, 156, 213, 220, 223, 226, 271, 292, 296, 305, 414, 415, 438, 466, 536, 538; (Barberini ceiling) 223; (SS. Luca e Martina) 123, 223; (S. Maria della Pace)223, 284–85; (tomb of) 123

Pigna (fir cone) 449Pilgrimage, pilgrims 18, 20–21, 407, 409Pinacoteca Capitolina 44–46Pinacoteca Vaticana (see Vatican Picture

Gallery)Pincio, hill and park 179–80Pinelli, Bartolomeo (1781–1835) 375Pinturicchio (Bernardino di Betto;

1454–1513) 56, 146, 161, 163, 165, 438, 440, 442

Piranesi, Giovanni Battista (1720–78) 27, 177, 329–30, 529, 540

Pisano, Giunta (active 1229–after 1278) 462Pisano, Nicola (1220–after 1278) 132Pisis, Filippo de (1896–1956) 198, 199, 540Pistrucci, Benedetto (1784–1855) 543Pius IV, Pope 227, 445; (monument to) 228Pius V, Pope 503Pius VI, Pope 27, 212, 213, 416, 462, 544;

(portrait of) 466; (statue of) 418Pius VII, Pope 27, 421; (tomb of) 414Pius IX, Pope 28–29, 33, 175, 213, 314,

421, 432, 480; (mausoleum of) 468; statue of (248)

Pius XI, Pope 30, 425Podesti, Francesco (1800–95) 432, 478Podesti, Giulio (1857–1909) 469Poletti, Luigi (1792–1869) 309, 383, 475,

478Poliaghi, Ludovico (1852–1950) 129Polidoro da Caravaggio (Polidoro Caldara;

active c. 1500–c. 1543) 214, 282, 310, 397, 434

Pollaiolo, Antonio 42, 414, 417Pollaiolo brothers, tomb of 258Pollock, Jackson (1912–56) 200Pollux (see Castor and Pollux)Polyclitus 307, 453, 474Pomarancio (Niccolò; see Circignani)Pomarancio (Cristoforo Roncalli da

Pomarance; 1552–1626) 146, 155, 228, 253, 258, 279, 292, 296, 323, 335, 341, 345, 346, 361, 459, 461

Pompey 13, 75, 106, 122, 254, 301; (por-trait head) 451

Ponte Aventino 383Ponte Cestio 314, 317Ponte Fabricio 315, 316Ponte Milvio 551Ponte del Risorgimento 554Ponte Rotto 315Ponte Sant’Angelo 21, 393, 394Ponte Sisto 21, 307

INDEX 607

Pontelli, Baccio (Bartolomeo di Fino; c. 1450–92) 386, 441, 517

Pontifex Maximus, office of 31, 71, 79, 80Ponzio, Flaminio (1560–1613) 181, 212,

246, 249, 310, 390, 495, 523, 546Port of Claudius 519, 520Port of Trajan 520Porta del Popolo 159Porta Maggiore 368Porta Pia 480Porta Pinciana 226Porta San Giovanni 366Porta San Pancrazio 390Porta San Paolo 469Porta San Sebastiano 338Porta Santo Spirito 392Porta Settimiana 375Porta Tiburtina 551Portico of the Dii Consentes 63Portico of Octavia 314Porto (see Portus)Portus 504, 518–20Posi, Paolo (1708–76) 289, 309Pourbus, Frans the Younger (1569–1622)

376Poussin, Claude (Claudio Francese; 17C)

268Poussin, Nicolas (1594–1665) 156, 167 (see

also Dughet)Powers, Hiram (1805–73) 192Pozzo, Andrea (1642–1709) 153, 292, 293,

540Praeneste (see Palestrina)Praxedes, St (Santa Prassede) 250, 252, 446Praxiteles 307, 453, 456, 457, 473, 510,

533, 549Praz, Mario 541Preti, Mattia (1613–99) 294, 295, 303, 377Previati, Gaetano (1852–1920) 195Prima Porta Augustus (see Augustus)Priorato di Malta 329–30Procaccini, Andrea (1671–1734) 359Protestant Cemetery 470–71Puccinelli, Antonio (1822–97) 192Pudentiana, St 252, 253Pulzone, Scipione (before 1550–1598) 144,

146, 214, 318Pyramid of Gaius Cestius 470

QQuattrini, Enrico (1863–1950) 546Quirinal Hill 211ff

RRabirius, architect 91Raffaellino del Colle (c. 1490–1566) 187,

380, 433, 434Raffaello da Montelupo (c. 1505–66) 256,

262, 264, 323, 396, 398Raggi, Antonio (Ercole Antonio Raggi;

1624–86) 216, 268, 270, 289, 292, 293, 359, 393, 536, 538

Raguzzini, Filippo (1680–1771) 152, 310, 335, 372

Raimondi, Quintiliano (1794–1848) 361Rainaldi, Carlo (1611–91) 147, 151, 160,

246, 250, 268, 293, 296, 309, 311, 375, 539

Rainaldi, Girolamo (father of Carlo; 1570–1655) 54, 87, 268, 271, 293, 536

Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio; 1483–1520) 22, 141, 186, 211, 282, 284, 288, 310, 387, 400, 406, 464, 547; (Acts of Apostles tapestries) 464; (Chigi Chapel) 163, 165; (La Fornarina) 221, 224–25; (Lady with a Unicorn) 186; (Rooms in Vatican) 432–38; (tomb of)262; (Transfiguration) 416, 433, 464; (Villa Farnesina) 379, 380

Regia (in Roman Forum) 80, 232Remus 85, 322Reni, Guido (1575–1642) 44, 45, 141, 156,

188, 213, 214, 224, 224, 226, 249, 287, 296, 303, 341, 377, 381, 447, 456, 540

Republican sentiment, Republicanism in Rome 10, 13, 19–21, 27, 28, 389–90

Resting Satyr 53, 453, 457Retti, Leonardo (1670–1709) 292Revelli, Salvatore (1816–59) 478Ribera, José (Jusepe Ribera; 1588–1656) 549Ricci, Giovanni Battista (1537–1627) 361,

415Ricci, Sebastiano (1659–1734) 145Riccio, Il (Andrea Brisoco; 1470–1532) 132Ridolfi, Claudio (1570–1644) 392Rienzo, Cola di (see Cola)Righi, Tommaso (1727–1802) 330

608 INDEX

Rinaldi, Rinaldo (1793–1873) 237, 478, 479Risorgimento 130, 389Rivalta, Augusto (1837–1925) 129Roccatagliata, Nicolò (active 1593–1636)

132Rocco Zoppo (16C) 146Rodin, Auguste (1840–1917) 195, 196Roma, goddess 71, 83, 103, 511Roman buildings (under S. Cecilia in

Trastevere 382–83; (firestation) 384;(houses under SS. Giovanni e Paolo)342; (tenement beneath Capitoline) 36

Roman roads, general 487 (see also Via Appiaetc)

Romana, St Francesca 127Romano, Giulio (see Giulio)Romano, Mario (20C) 553Romulus 10, 85, 211, 322, 339; (house of)

97Romulus Augustulus, Emperor 17Roncalli, Cristoforo (see Pomarancio)Rosa, Ercole (1846–93) 179Rosa, Pietro (19C) 87, 90Rosa, Salvator (1615–73) 145, 312, 377;

(tomb of) 228Rosai, Ottone (1895–1957) 197Rosselli, Cosimo (1439–1507) 442Roseto 327Rossellino, Bernardo (Bernardo Gamberelli;

1409–64) 405Rossi, Giovanni Antonio de (1616–95) 361,

537, 539Rossi, Giovanni Battista de 492, 493Rossi, Giovanni Francesco (active 1640–77)

389Rossi, Giulio (20C) 554Rossi, Mariano (1731–1807) 182Rossi, Mattia de’ (1637–95) 215, 235Rossi, Vincenzo de’ (1525–87) 284Rosso Fiorentino (Giovanni Battista Rosso;

1494–1541) 284Rosso, Medardo (1858–1928) 195, 199Rostra

Imperial 72Republican 72Vandalica 72

Rotella, Domenico (20C) 200Rovere, Giuliano della (see Julius II)Rovere, Raffaele della, tomb of 148

Rubens (Sir Peter Paul; 1577–1640) 44, 167,189, 214, 296, 376

Ruggeri, Giovanni Battista (1606–40) 304Rusconi, Camillo (c. 1654–1728) 359Rusuti, Filippo (active 1300–20) 250Rutelli, Mario (1859–1941) 227, 391

SSabines 58, 211, 339, 487Sacchi, Andrea (1559–1661) 226, 228, 305,

465Sacconi, Giuseppe (1853–1905) 128Sack of Rome (1527) 23, 290, 395, 399,

401, 416, 444; (by the Goths) 16Sacra Via 74, 81–82, 106, 127Sacro Cuore Immacolato di Maria, church of

539Salimbeni, Ventura (c. 1568–1613) 289, 292Salvi, Niccolò (1697–1751) 149, 209Salviati, Francesco (Francesco de’ Rossi;

1510–63) 46, 145, 163, 284, 384, 401, 537

SS. Ambrogio e Carlo al Corso 156, 157S. Anna dei Palafrenieri 426S. Agata dei Goti 535S. Agnese in Agone 268, 270, 270S. Agnese fuori le Mura 480–481S. Agostino 288–289S. Alessio 329S. Anastasia 323S. Andrea delle Fratte 175S. Andrea al Quirinale 215–16, 215, 216S. Andrea della Valle 293–94S. Andrea in Via Flaminia 535S. Angelo in Pescheria 314S. Anselmo 330S. Antonio Abate 535S. Antonio dei Portoghesi 535SS. Apostoli 147–49S. Atanasio dei Greci 168S. Aurea (Ostia) 517S. Balbina 535S. Bartolomeo 317S. Bartolomeo dei Bergamaschi 155S. Benedetto 384S. Bernardo alle Terme 229, 237S. Biagio della Pagnotta 311S. Bibiana 536S. Carlo ai Catinari 304

INDEX 609

S. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane 217–19, 218S. Caterina dei Funari 318S. Caterina della Rota 309S. Caterina da Siena 309S. Caterina da Siena (a Magnanapoli) 536S. Cecilia in Trastevere 380–82S. Cesareo 336S. Clemente 347–53, 351SS. Cosma e Damiano 17, 81, 125, 126S. Costanza 481–82S. Crisogono 370–72S. Croce in Gerusalemme 16, 366–67SS. Domenico e Sisto 536S. Eligio degli Orefici 309S. Eusebio 536S. Eustachio 536S. Francesca Romana (see S. Maria Nova) S. Francesco a Ripa 384S. Giacomo in Augusta 536S. Gioacchino 537S. Giorgio in Velabro 322S. Giovanni in Calibita 315, 316S. Giovanni Decollato 537S. Giovanni in Laterano 16, 21, 356,

358–64S. Giovanni in Oleo 337S. Giovanni della Pigna 537S. Giovanni a Porta Latina 337SS. Giovanni e Paolo 342–43, 343, 344, 345S. Giovanni Battista dei Fiorentini 311S. Giovanni Battista dei Genovesi 384S. Girolamo della Carità 309S. Girolamo degli Schiavoni 537S. Giuseppe dei Falegnami 122S. Gregorio Magno 340–41S. Ignazio 152–53S. Isidoro 537S. Ivo 272S. Lorenzo fuori le Mura 467–68S. Lorenzo in Damaso 305–06S. Lorenzo in Lucina 156S. Lorenzo in Miranda 81, 242S. Lorenzo in Panisperna 537SS. Luca e Martina 123, 223S. Luigi dei Francesi 287S. Marcello 152S. Marco 133S. Maria degli Angeli 227–28S. Maria dell’Anima 283–84

S. Maria Antiqua 77, 127S. Maria in Aracoeli 55S. Maria in Campitelli 318S. Maria in Campo Marzio 537–38S. Maria in Cappella 383S. Maria della Concezione (see Cappuccini)S. Maria della Consolazione 323S. Maria in Cosmedin 321–22S. Maria in Domnica 345S. Maria di Grottapinta 301, 306S. Maria di Loreto 114S. Maria Maggiore 245–50S. Maria Maggiore (Tivoli) 524S. Maria dei Miracoli 160S. Maria di Monserrato 310S. Maria in Montesanto 160S. Maria in Monticelli 538S. Maria Nova 82, 125S. Maria dell’Orazione e Morte 307S. Maria dell’Orto 384S. Maria della Pace 223, 284–85, 285S. Maria del Popolo 21, 160–63, 165S. Maria del Priorato 330S. Maria Scala Coeli 480S. Maria dei Sette Dolori 385S. Maria sopra Minerva 263–66S. Maria del Suffragio 311S. Maria della Scala 375S. Maria in Traspontina 400S. Maria in Trastevere 372–75, 374S. Maria in Via 538S. Maria in Via Lata 151S. Maria della Vittoria 235S. Maria Maddalena 538S. Maria in Vallicella (see Chiesa Nuova)S. Martino ai Monti 538S. Michele e Magno 401SS. Nereo ed Achilleo 334–35SS. Nereus and Achilleus, basilica 496S. Nicola in Carcere 324S. Nicola da Tolentino 538S. Omobono 324, 472S. Onofrio 392S. Pancrazio 539S. Pantaleo 539S. Paolo fuori le Mura 475–78S. Paul’s 539S. Peter’s 403ff; (New Basilica) 22, 25,

405–06; (Old Basilica) 16, 405

610 INDEX

S. Pietro in Montorio 386–88S. Pietro in Vincoli 255–58S. Prassede 250–52, 251S. Prisca 330S. Pudenziana 253SS. Quattro Coronati 353–55S. Rocco 539S. Saba 330–31S. Sabina 327–29, 328S. Salvatore in Onda 539S. Sebastiano al Palatino 98S. Silvestro in Capite 155S. Silvestro al Quirinale 214S. Sisto Vecchio 335S. Spirito in Sassia 401S. Stefano degli Abissini 425S. Stefano Rotondo 346SS. Stimmate 539S. Susanna 235, 237S. Teodoro 323S. Thomas of Canterbury 309S. Tommaso dei Cenci 317S. Tommaso in Formis 345SS. Trinità dei Pellegrini 539S. Urbano 491–92SS. Vincenzo ed Anastasio 210, 479S. Vitale 540SS. Vito e Modesto 540Sancta Sanctorum 365–66Sanctis, Francesco de (early 18C) 172, 539Sanctis, Guglielmo de (19C) 478Sanctuary of Hercules (Tivoli) 527Sangallo, Antonio da, the Elder (Antonio

Giamberti; 1463–1534) 273Sangallo, Antonio da, the Younger (Antonio

Cordiani; 1483–1546) 114, 165, 264, 271, 284, 302, 310, 311, 392, 395, 396, 397, 401, 406, 446, 546, 547

Sangallo, Giuliano da (Giuliano Giamberti, brother of Antonio the Elder; 1443–1516) 246, 397, 405, 406

Sangallo, Raffaello (16C) 524Sano di Pietro (1406–81) 462Sansovino, Andrea (Andrea Contucci; c.

1470–1529) 56, 163, 288, 345Sansovino, Jacopo (Jacopop Tatti; pupil of

Andrea; 1486–1570) 132, 152, 288, 310,311, 367

Santi di Tito (1538–1603) 312, 426, 459

Santo Spirito (see Ospedale) Saraceni, Carlo (1585–1620) 139, 283Sardi, Giuseppe (c. 1680–1753) 537Sarfatti, Margherita 199Sarti, Antonio (1797–1880) 292Sartorio, Aristide (1860–1932) 155, 211,

540Sassetta (Stefano di Giovanni; c. 1392–1451)

462Sassoferrato (Giovanni Battista Salvi;

1609–85) 141, 188, 211, 329, 377, 466Satricum 208Saturnalia 66Savinio, Alberto (1891–1952) 198, 540Savoldo, Giovanni Girolamo (active

1508–48) 44, 188Scala Santa 365, 365Scalae Caci 97Scaurus, Marcus Aemilius, House of 87Scherano, Alessandro (early 16C) 256Schism, papal 20, 265Scipione (Gino Bonichi) 198, 540Scipios, tomb of 337, 455Scorel, Jan van (1495–1562) 139, 303Scuola Romana, group of artists 198Sebastian, St 494Sebastiano del Piombo (Sebastiano Luciani;

c. 1485–1547) 163, 379, 386–87, 387,397

Seghers, Daniel (1590–1661) 466Seitz, Ludovico (1844–1908) 283, 430, 438,

468Senato della Repubblica 271Senese, Michelangelo 283, 374Sentinum, battle of 11, 202Septimius Severus, Emperor 15Septizodium 96Serapis, cult of 513Sermoneta (Girolamo Sicciolante; 1521–80)

249, 287, 317, 397, 398Serra, Luigi (1846–88) 235Servian Wall 227, 330, 540, 545, 549, 550Servius Tullius, King of Rome 61, 77, 227,

255Sette Sale 107Seven Churches of Rome 407, 468–69Seven Hills of Rome 9, 254Severini, Gino (1883–1996) 197, 199, 200,

375, 540, 553, 554

INDEX 611

Severn, Joseph 173, 179, 470Severus, architect 108She-wolf of Rome 42, 323, 356Shelley, Percy Bysshe 470, 471Sibyls 55, 70, 439, 441, 522Sicciolante da Sermoneta (see Sermoneta)Siege of Rome (1849) 28, 144, 386,

389, 390, 391Signorelli, Luca (c. 1441–1523) 442Signorini, Telemaco (1835–1901) 195Simonetti, Michelangelo (late 18C) 454, 455,

457, 458Sironi, Mario (1885–1961) 198–199, 469,

540Sistina Chapel (in S.M. Maggiore) 248Sistine Chapel 440–46Sixtus IV, Pope 21, 38, 428, 441, 442; (mon-

ument to) 417Sixtus V, Pope 24, 160, 177, 212, 213, 235,

236, 245, 279, 290, 403, 503; (tomb of) 248

Skopas 94, 178, 456Snayers, Peter (1592–1667) 303Società Geografica Italiana 346Sodoma (Giovanni Antonio dei Bazzi;

1477–1549) 250Soffici, Ardengo (1879–1964) 197, 199Sordi, Alberto 155Soria, Giovanni Battista (1581–1651) 235,

304, 340, 370, 371, 536Spada, Cardinal Bernardino 302, 303Spadini, Armando (1883–1925) 196Spain, Royal Academy of 386Spanish Steps 172, 176Spence, Sir Basil (1907–76) 553Spinario 41–42, 356Spinazzi, Innocenzo (1726–98) 211Spirito Santo dei Napoletani, church of 310Sport, Palazzetto dello 554Stadio Flaminio 554Stadium (Palatine) 95Stadium of Domitian 267, 552Stanze di Raffaello (see Raphael; Rooms,

Vatican)Stati, Cristoforo (1556–1619) 294Stefano da Zevio (1393–c. 1450) 146Stern, Raffaele (1774–1820) 451Stocchi, Achille (early 19C) 154Stomer, Matthias (c. 1600–50) 466

Strada, Sebastiano (16–16C) 392Street, George Edmund (1824–81) 167, 539Stuart, Charles Edward (Bonnie Prince

Charlie) 149Stuart, Henry (Cardinal York) 149, 374, 415,

417Stuart, James (the Old Pretender) 148, 149,

415Subleyras, Pierre (1699–1749) 46Subura, district of 72, 121Sudario, Chiesa del 539Susini, Antonio (active 1580–1624) 132,

145, 185Susini, Giovanni Francesco (1575–1653)

132Sweerts, Michel (1618–64) 211Swiss Guard 22, 424Sylvester II, Pope 361Sylvester, St, Chapel of 354Synagogue 317Synagogue (Ostia) 514

TTabularium 46Tacca, Pietro (1577–1640) 132Tadolini, Adamo (1788–1868) 168, 383,

404Tadolini, Giulio (1849–1918) 362‘Talking’ statues 47, 133, 152, 168, 261,

280, 281, 294Tarpeian Rock 58–59Tarquinius the Elder (see Tarquinius Priscus)Tarquinius Priscus, King of Rome 46, 77,

325Tarquinius Superbus, King of Rome 10, 46,

205, 255Tasso, Torquato 392Teatro Goldoni 279Teatro di Marcello (see Theatre of Marcellus)Tempesta, Antonio (1555–1630) 146, 214,

278, 346Tempietto 388–89, 388Temples

Temple of Aesculapius (Isola Tiberina)70, 232, 315, 317Temple of Aesculapius (Villa Borghese)190, 190Temple of Aletrium 203Temple of Antoninus and Faustina 80

612 INDEX

Temple of Apollo (Palatine) 97Temple of Apollo Medico 314, 473Temple of Bellona 314Temple of Bellona (Ostia) 516Temple of Castor 77Temple of Claudius 343, 345Temple of Concord 46, 66Temple of Cybele 96Temple of Cybele (Ostia) 516Temple of Hadrian 154Temple of Hercules (Ostia) 512Temple of Hercules Victor 320, 320Temple of Isis 263, 357Temple of Julius Caesar 73Temple of Juno Moneta 35Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus Capitolinus 35, 40, 46, 58, 70, 106Temple of Mars Ultor 112, 119, 120Temple of Minerva 123Temple of Minerva Medica 552Temple of Peace (see Peace, Forum of)Temple of Portunus 319Temple of Roma and Augustus (Ostia)511Temple of Romulus 81, 125Temple of Saturn 60, 66Temple of Serapis 143Temple of Serapis (Ostia) 513Temple of the Deus Rediculus 491Temple of the Sibyl (Tivoli) 526Temple of Veiovis 46Temple of Venus Genetrix 122‘Temple of Venus and Cupid’ 367Temple of Venus and Roma 82, 103, 127Temple of Vespasian 46, 60, 66Temple of Vesta 78Temple of Vesta (Tivoli) 526Temple in Via Botteghe Oscure 134Temple of Victory 97

Tenerani, Pietro (1789–1869) 192, 361, 376Teniers, David the Younger (1610–90) 466Teodoro della Porta (1567–1638) 414Testa, Pietro (1611–50) 303Tetrarchy 68Theatre Museum (see Museums)Theatre of Balbus 135Theatre of Marcellus 313–14Theatre of Pompey 13, 300–01, 473Théodon, Jean-Baptiste (1646–1713) 292,

304Thorvaldsen, Bertel (1770–1844) 169, 170,

177, 185, 200, 211, 262, 414, 453, 458, 471

Tibaldi, Pellegrino (Pellegrino Pellegrini; 1527–96) 152, 188, 287, 397

Tiber 9, 370Tiberinus, King 370Timomachus of Byzantium 122Tintoretto, Domenico (Domenico Robusti,

son of Jacopo; c. 1560–1635) 145Tintoretto, Jacopo (Jacopo Robusti;

1519–94) 144, 145, 549Tischbein, Johann Heinrich (1722–89) 171Titian (Tiziano Vecellio; c. 1485–1576) 44,

141, 189, 377, 465Tito, Ettore (1859–1941) 195Tivoli 232, 238, 240, 521ff; (see also Villa of

Hadrian)Togato Barberini 472Toma, Gioacchino (1836–91) 193Tomb of Annia Regilla 491Tomb of Cecilia Metella 498Tomb of Priscilla 490Torlonia family 58, 400, 501 (see also Museo

Torlonia; Villa Torlonia)Tornioli, Nicolò (active 1622–40) 303Torre dei Conti 124Torre delle Milizie 20, 119Torriani, Orazio (16C–17C) 317Torrigiani, Sebastiano (16C) 248, 417Torriti, Iacopo (late 13C) 20, 248, 362, 524Tosi, Arturo (1871–1956) 198Trajan, Emperor 115, 117, 520; (Column of)

114, 115; (Column, casts from) 541;(Forum of) 113, 116; (Markets of) 116

Trastevere 369ffTrent, Council of 23, 24, 290Trevi Fountain (see Fountains) Trevisani, Francesco (1656–1746) 153, 155,

176, 303, 359, 376, 539Tribolo, Niccolò (Niccolò Pericoli;

1485–1550) 283Tribune 366Trinità dei Monti, church of 176Tripisciano, Michele (1860–1913) 369Triumphal arches (see Arches)Triumphs 106Tropaion of Gaius 412, 422–23

INDEX 613

Troubetzkoy, Paolo (1866–1937) 196True Cross 366, 367, 446Tullia 255Tullianum (see Mamertine Prison)Tullus Hostilius, King of Rome 339Tura, Cosmè (c. 1430–95) 146Twombly, Cy (b. 1928) 200

UUmberto I, King of Italy 189; (tomb of) 262Umbilicus Urbis 67Umbri 208University of Rome 272, 469University Study Collections 545Unterberger, Christopher (1732–98) 182,

190, 447Urban VIII, Pope 143, 167, 209, 217, 220,

223, 225, 260, 272, 421; (despoil-ing of Pantheon) 261, 395; (and St Peter’s) 406, 412; (tomb of) 414

Ursinus, Antipope 245Ussi, Stefano (1822–1901) 192, 195

VValadier, Giuseppe (1762–1839) 83, 147,

180, 201, 311, 396, 408, 469, 539, 548, 551; (house of) 168; (Piazza del Popolo) 159, 160

Valadier, Luigi (father of Giuseppe; 1726–85)183, 448, 540

Valentin, Jean (Valentin de Boulogne; early 17C) 465

Valeriani, Giuseppe (1542–1606) 293Valle, Filippo della (1698–1768) 132, 148,

153, 153, 309, 361, 544Valle Giulia 201Valvassori, Gabriele (1683–1761) 137, 139Vanni, Raffaele (1587–after 1657) 165Vanvitelli, Gaspare (Gaspar van Wittel, father

of Luigi; 1653–1736) 146, 544, 549Vanvitelli, Luigi (1700–73) 149, 227–28,

288, 381Vasanzio, Giovanni (Jan van Santen;

1550–1621) 181, 213, 426, 495Vasari, Giorgio (1512–74) 188, 201, 387,

446, 465, 537Vassalletto family 467, 479Vassalletto, Pietro 147, 362, 478, 479Vatican 30, 33, 364, 399, 423–26

Vatican Cross 417Vatican Grottoes 418–19Vatican Hill 21Vatican Library 447–48Vatican Museums 26, 427ffVatican Palace 428–29Vatican Picture Gallery 462–66Veii (see Veio)Veio 11, 202, 205, 206, 232, 369, 466, 487,

543Veit, Philippe (early 19C) 450Velabrum, district 322Velázquez, Diego (1599–1660) 139, 138,

178Velia, hill 86, 99, 103, 113Venus (see Temple; also Aphrodite,

Capitoline, Esquiline)Venusti, Marcello (1512–79) 214, 264, 285,

289, 318Verism, art movement 193Veronese, Bonifacio (1487–1553) 144Veronese, Paolo (Paolo Caliari; 1528–88) 44,

145, 465Verschaffelt, Peter Anton (1710–93) 398Vespasian, Emperor 14, 53; Forum of (see

Peace); Temple of (see Temples)Vespignani, Francesco (1842–99) 362Vespignani, Virginio (1808–82) 248, 258,

309, 362, 373, 390, 467, 469, 480Vestal Virgins 79, 527; (House of) 79–80Via Appia Antica 238, 477, 485ffVia Aurelia Antica 487Via Cassia 487Via Cavour 254Via dei Coronari 282Via del Corso 150ffVia del Babuino 167–68Via del Governo Vecchio 281Via della Conciliazione 400Via Flaminia 487Via Garibaldi 385–86Via Giulia 307ffVia Latina 487Via della Lungara 375Via Margutta 169Via Ostiense 487, 504–05Via di Porta San Sebastiano 336ffVia Sacra (see Sacra Via)Via Salaria 487

614 INDEX

Via Tuscolana 487Via Veneto 225Vico, Raffaello de (20C) 547Vigée le Brun, Elisabeth (1755–1842) 211Vignola (Jacopo Barocci; 1507–73) 87, 201,

291, 302, 318, 361, 406, 426, 535, 547Villas

Villa Ada 547Villa Aldobrandini 547Villa Aurelia 390Villa Aurora 226Villa Borghese 189ff, 190Villa Celimontana 346Villa d’Este 522–24Villa Doria Pamphilj 391Villa Farnesina 379–80Villa of Gallienus 500Villa Giulia 201, 203; (see also Museums, Etruscan)Villa Gregoriana 527Villa of Hadrian 449, 456, 528ff, 549Villa of Livia (Prima Porta) 242–43, 451Villa Ludovisi 29, 225Villa Madama 547Villa Medici 177Villa of Nero (Anzio) 238, 240, 244Villa Paolina 548Villa Poniatowsky 201Villa dei Quintili 501–02Villa Sciarra 390Villa Torlonia 548Villa Torlonia (formerly Albani) 548Villa Vecchia 391

Villanovan, art and culture 202, 204, 206, 458, 460

Vitellozzi, Annibale (20C) 554Viti, Timoteo (c. 1467–1523) 284Vittoria, Alessandro (1525–1608) 132Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy 28, 33,

213; (monument) 128–30, 129; tomb of 262

Vivarini, Bartolomeo (active 1450–99) 146Viviani, Antonio (1560–1620) 341, 463Voet, Jacob Ferdinand (1639–c. 1700) 303Volsci 72, 208Vouet, Simon (1590–1649) 156Vulca, sculptor 205Vulci 203, 459, 460, 461, 543

WWalls (see Aurelian, Servian)Westmacott, Sir Richard (1775–1856) 211Wildt, Adolfo (1868–1931) 200Winckelmann, Johann 26–27, 170, 171,

177, 273, 275, 277, 278, 452, 548, 549Wittel, Gaspar van (see Vanvitelli, Gaspare)

XXimenes, Ettore (1855–1926) 129, 195, 540,

546

ZZaga, Domenico (mid-16C) 397Zanelli, Angelo (1879–1941) 129Zappalà, Gregorio (1833–1908) 268Zenodorus, sculptor 103Zoboli, Giacomo (1681–1767) 536Zoo 190–91Zuccari, Federico (or Zuccaro; 1542–1609)

46, 92, 176, 177, 211, 252, 292, 306, 311, 318, 426, 434, 446, 524

Zuccari, Taddeo (or Zuccaro; brother of Federico; 1529–66) 92, 152, 176, 323, 329, 434, 446, 459, 549

Zucchi, Francesco (c. 1570–1627) 367, 401,480

Zucchi, Jacopo (1540–96) 146, 178, 185, 188, 401, 446

INDEX 615