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5G Enabling Technologies
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
IV
Contents
5G Vision
Roadmap towards 5G Ⅲ
5G Technical Requirements
I. 5G Vision
Generations of Cellular Technologies
Mobile phone Cell phone
Martin Cooper,
Father of mobile phone
Founder of ArrayComm
Smart phone Tablet Wearable
“5G may NOT be about smart phones”
I. 5G Vision
What is 5G?
I. 5G Vision
Future Direction: More Video in Near Future….
I. 5G Vision
Highly Capable Devices:?????
I. 5G Vision
Highly Capable Devices: Virtual Reality HMD
Cardboard
The Avegant Glyph
headworn personal theater
I. 5G Vision
Highly Capable Devices: 360o 3D Video Cameras
• Video Stitching Software
• Cameras
I. 5G Vision
Fortunes Made out of ICT … Forbes 2015 Newcomers
Travis Kalanick
Net worth: $5.3 B
Source of
wealth: Uber
(car service)
Kim Bum-Soo
Net worth: $2.9 B
Source of
wealth: KakaoTalk
(mobile chat service) Brian Chesky
Net worth: $1.9 B
Source of
wealth: Airbnb
Evan Spiegel and Bobby
Murphy
Net worth: $1.5 B each
Source of wealth: Snapchat Markus "Notch"
Persson
Net worth: $1.3 B
Source of
wealth: Minecraft
(video game)
Among about 1800 billionaires…
Source: Emerging Concepts and Technologies towards 5G+ Wireless Networks, Tutorial by Prof. H. Yanıkömeroğlu, GLOBECOM 2016
Their Dream Coming True on the Mobile
I. 5G Vision
What is an Essential Component for Connected World?
5G
Entertainment
Agriculture
Hospitality
Transportation
Automotive
Health
Municipalities
Energy
Education
Defense Public Safety
• New Use Cases in Connected World
5G is all about
the end-to-end
ecosystem with
deeper innovation
for the future!
II. 5G Technical Requirements
What Makes Difference: 3G vs. 4G
• Wider Bandwidth for Higher Peak Data Rate
- LTE leverages new & wider bandwidth
System Bandwidth Peak Data Rate Note
D/L U/L
3G W-CDMA 5MHz 14.4Mbps 384kbps HSDPA(R05)
28Mbps 11Mbps HSPA+(R07)
4G LTE 10MHz 73Mbps 36Mbps LTE (R08); 2 x 2 MIMO
- 3G vs. 4G: OFDMA + MIMO Technologies
Faster &
cheaper?
II. 5G Technical Requirements
What Makes Difference: 3G vs. 4G
2G 3G 4G
250min
2GB
250messages
$40/month
(~$10/GB)
5G
$40/month
(~$80/GB)
500MB
250messages
200min
$50/month
Unlimited
250 messages
300min
JUNE
Fimm cdma2000
1x EV/DO
IS-95
cdma one
(~$150/GB)
Pre-Smart Phone Era
Mobile Web
Browser
Full
browsing
Smart Phone Era
- 3D video recording
- 3D contents
- 4 x 1.4G Quad-Core
- Full HD quality
II. 5G Technical Requirements
4G+ 4G 3G+ 2G 3G
IS-95
64kbps
WiBro-1 30Mbps
1Mbps
10Mbps
100Mbps
0.1
1.0 1x EV-DO 2.4Mbps
HSDPA 10Mbps
Peak Data Rate Bandwidth Efficiency [bits/sec/Hz/cell]
Peak
Rate
Average
Bandwidth
Efficiency
(bits/sec)
TDMA
CDMA
MIMO
2G+
10.0
Bandwidth
efficiency:
> 10bps/Hz
WiBro-2 50Mbps
IMT-Advanced >100Mbps
1Gbps
W-CDMA
OFDMA
Circuit
mode
Circuit/Packet
integrated mode Packet Mode
• More Peak Data Rate & More Spectral Efficiency
Peak rate:
> 10Gbps
Bandwidth
Efficiency :
3bps/Hz
5G 5G+
10Gbps
Peak Rate :
1Gbps
What Makes Difference: 4G vs. 5G
II. 5G Technical Requirements
5G, Another Generation for More Data?
1G
2G
3G
4G
5G
Mbps
kbps
bps
Mbps
kbps
bps
Gbps
2020 2010 2000 1990 1980
AMPS
?
AMPS
? Mobile device
for everyone
Time
data
data
data
data
Maybe, earlier view on 5G
1G
2G
3G
4G
5G
Mbps
kbps
bps
Mbps
kbps
bps
Gbps
2020 2010 2000 1990 1980
AMPS
?
AMPS
? Mobile device
for everyone
Time
data
data
data
data
II. 5G Technical Requirements
5G, Another Generation for More Data?
New view on 5G @ 2015
Source: Emerging Concepts and Technologies towards 5G+ Wireless Networks, Tutorial by Prof. H. Yanıkömeroğlu, GLOBECOM 2016
• Bigger Hypercube
II. 5G Technical Requirements
5G as an Extended End-to-End Ecosystem
5G Usage Scenarios Embodied into Triangular Diagram in ITU-R WP5D
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
Massive Machine Type Communications
Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications
3D video, UHD screens
Smart City
Industry automation
Gigabytes in a second
Self Driving Car
Augmented reality
Smart Home/Building
Work and play in the cloud
Voice Mission critical application,
e.g. e-health
Future IMT
Augmented User Experience
(> 20Gbp/peak & > 100Mbps/user)
Low Latency
(1ms radio delay)
Massive IoT Connectivity
(106 devices/1km2 )
Navigation Drone
Robot
Smart Transportation
II. 5G Technical Requirements
5G To Be Enabled by A New Set of Key Capabilities for Radio Access
II. 5G Technical Requirements
• Key Capabilities for the Varying Usage Scenarios
Recent Studies on Use Cases in Japan
2. 5G Technical Requirements
(a big marathon race)
(a commuter)
(a job fair)
(a self-driving vehicle)
(Use of Infrastructure for earthquake)
(Smart factory/farm)
1) 4G: R8 LTE (2009), R9 (2010), R10 LTE-A (2011)
2) 4G clean-up + new use-cases: R11 (2013), R12 (2015), R13 (2016)
3) 5G brainstorming (2012 – 2015)
4) 5G spectrum: ITU WRC-15 (Nov 2015, Geneva); ITU WRC-19
5) 5G definition: ITU circular letter, IMT-2020 (2016)
6) 5G standard development: R14 (2017), R15 (2018), R16 (2019)
7) 5G standard approval (~2020)
8) 5G evolution (2020–2030): R17, …
Standardization: Evolution & Revolution (8/8 steps)
Source: Emerging Concepts and Technologies towards 5G+ Wireless Networks, Tutorial by Prof. H. Yanıkömeroğlu, GLOBECOM 2016
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
Time Line for Standard & Network Deployment
2021 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Rel.13 Rel.14 Rel.15 Rel.16
5G Vision Proposal Specification Evaluation
Methodology
Evaluation Requirement
Technology
Development
Trial
Network
Field
Test
Commercial Network Deployment
Demo Service Commercial Service
2022
Network
Deployment
Services
Standard
Enhanced D2D
FD-MIMO
LTE-LAA(U/L)
Massive MIMO
Low Latency
V2X
UDN
Massive
Connectivity
mmWave
D2D
Dual Connectivity
Low cost MTC
LTE-LAA (D/L)
5G +
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
5G Spectrum Bands
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
- “Study additional bands above 6 GHz for expanded mobile broadband
capacity, setting the stage for the next generation of wireless networks”.
- “Will also consider spectrum allocations for High-Altitude Platform
Systems, which will enable lower-cost delivery of bandwidth for
developing economies and remote areas around the globe”.
5G Spectrum Bands
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
• WRC 2019
To define 5G Radio Access Technology (RAT)
• Nearly Consensus View in 3GPP RAN 5G Workshop (Sept .2015)
- 5G Radio Access Technology
as a set of tightly-coupled
existing and new radio access
technology, i.e., evolved LTE,
WLAN, and potential new
RATs
(NTT DoCoMo)
• Tight integration (interworking)
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
Rel-14 : New Work Items/Study Items for LTE in RAN (1)
• Improvement to LTE Efficiency
- Downlink Multiuser Superposition Transmission for LTE (WI)
- Enhancements on FD-MIMO for LTE (WI)
- Uplink Capacity Enhancements for LTE (WI)
- Further enhancements to CoMP operation (SI)
- SRS Carrier Based Switching for LTE (WI)
- Study on enhancement of VoLTE (SI)
- L2 latency reduction techniques for LTE (WI)
- Signaling reduction to enable light connection for LTE (WI)
- Mobility enhancement in LTE (WI)
- Study on HSPA and LTE Joint Operation (SI)
- Study on Context Aware Service Delivery in RAN (SI)
- Flexible eNB-ID and Cell-ID in E-UTRAN (SI)
• Offload to Unlicensed
- Enhanced LAA for LTE (WI)
- Enhanced LTE-WLAN Aggregation (WI)
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
Rel-14 : New Work Items/Study Items for LTE in RAN (2)
• Enablers of New Services & Verticals
- Support for V2V services based on LTE sidelink (WI)
with parallel feasibility study on LTE-based V2X Services
- eMBMS enhancements in LTE (WI)
- Further Enhancements to LTE D2D, UE to Network Relays for IoT and Wearables (SI)
- Further Indoor Positioning enhancements for UTRA and LTE (WI)
• RF and Performance Requirements
- Performance enhancements for high speed scenario (WI)
- Multi-Band BS testing with three or more bands (WI)
- Further Enhancement of BS RF and EMC requirements for AAS (WI)
- Measurement Gap Enhancement for LTE (WI)
- Radiated performance requirements for the verification of multi-antenna reception
of UEs (WI)
- LTE bandwidth flexibility enhancements (SI)
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
5G Requirements in 3GPP: SMARTER
- To develop high-level use cases and identify the related high-level potential
requirements for 5G
- 74 use cases identified
• 3GPP TR22.891: Feasibility Study on New Services & Markets
Technology Enablers (SMARTER)
• Grouping of Use Cases
Game / Sports
Industry Robot
/ Drone
Massive MTC
Vehicle /
autonomous
driving
- Enhanced Mobile Broadband
- Critical Communications
- Massive Machine Type
Communications
- Network Operation TR22.864
- Enhancement of
Vehicle-to-Everything
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
5G Requirements in 3GPP: SMARTER – Network Operation
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
• System Flexibility - Network slicing dynamically creating network slices to form the dedicated complete,
autonomous, and fully operational) logical networks for different diverse scenarios) - Efficient user plane efficient user-plane path subject to changing location & network - Network capability exposure to expose network information/capability to 3rd parties - Flexible broadcast service stand-alone broadcast system over a wide area - Multi-network connectivity and service delivery across operators - Markets requiring minimal service levels e.g., overhead, power, user experience
• System Scalability - System elasticity dynamic utilization of resource (compute, network, storage) - System information collection (e.g., network condition, mobility types)
• Mobility Support different levels of mobility support for different UEs
• Efficient Content Delivery in-network content caching
• Self-backhauling wireless self-backhaul for simpler deployment in UDN
• Access
• Migration and Interworking: 5G 5G, 4G 5G
• Security
- Access issues with the different RATs and optimized connection per traffic type
- 3GPP/Non-3GPP access integration, temporary service, and energy efficiency
3GPP RAN Progress on 5G: Roadmap
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
• Study on New Radio of “5G” (NR)
• 3GPP Roadmap
- Key requirement: NR
design should be
forward compatible at
its core so that features
can be added in later
releases in an optimal
way
- Phased approach
for early deployment
Channel model completed for spectrum above 6GHz
- Deployment scenarios - Key performance
indicators - Requirements for
architecture & migration
New RAT
feasibility
study
3GPP RAN Progress on 5G: Deployment Scenario
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
• Deployment Scenarios
- Indoor hotspot, Dense urban, Rural, Urban macro - High speed - Extreme rural for the provision of minimal services over long distances - Extreme rural with extreme long range - Urban coverage for massive connection - Highway scenario - Urban grid for connected car
Attributes Values or assumptions
Carrier Frequency Around 4GHz + Around 30GHz (two layers)
Aggregated system bandwidth Around 30GHz: Up to1GHz (DL+UL) Around 4GHz: Up to 200MHz (DL+UL)
Layout Two layers - Macro layer: Hex. Grid - Micro layer: Random drop
Step 1: Around 4GHz in Macro layer
Step 2: Both Around 4GHz & Around 30GHz may be available in Macro & Micro layers
ISD Macro layer: 200m
Micro layer: 3micro TRPs per macro TRP; All micro TRPs are all outdoor
BS antenna elements Around 30GHz: Up to 256 Tx and Rx antenna elements
Around 4GHz: Up to 256 Tx and Rx antenna elements
UE antenna elements Around 30GHz: Up to 32 Tx and Rx antenna elements
Around 4GHz: Up to 8 Tx and Rx antenna elements
User distribution and UE speed Step1: Uniform/macro TRP, [10] users per TRP7
Step2: Uniform/macro TRP + Clustered/micro TRP, 10 users per TRP
80% indoor (3km/h), 20% outdoor (30km/h)
Service profile NOTE: Whether to use full buffer traffic or non-full-buffer traffic is FFS. For certain KPIs,
full buffer traffic is desirable to enable comparison with IMT-Advanced values.
• Example: Dense Urban
3GPP RAN Progress on 5G: Radio Requirement for New Radio (1)
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
Key performance indicators 5G forum 3GPP (TR38.913)
Spectral efficienc
y bps/Hz 3 times higher than 4G
Peak: 30bps/Hz (DL) / 15bps/Hz (UL)
TRP, 5%: 3 times higher than 4G
Peak data rate bps 20Gbps 20Gbps (DL) / 10Gbps (UL)
User experienced
data rate bps
100Mbps (outdoor)
1Gbps (indoor) Full buffer: 5%user spectrum efficiency × bandwidth(1GHz)
[300Mbps] for eHealth (surgical robots)
Latency ms CP: 50ms
UP: 1ms
CP: 10ms UP: 0.5ms (URLLC – DL/UL [average]) 4.0ms (eMBB – DL/UL) For infrequent small packets: To be discussed
Mobility km/h 500km/h 500km/h
Handover
interruption time ms 10ms Intra-system mobility: 0ms
Inter-system mobility: To be clarified
Areal capacity bps/m2 10Mbps/m2 site density (site/m2) × 1GHz × 3 times higher than 4G
Energy efficiency Joules/bit 100 times higher than 4Qualitative KPI as baseline and quantitative KPI is FFS
Quantative KPI: # of information bits / energy consumption
Connectivity connection
s 106 connections/km2 106 connections/km2
Positioning cm [TBD] [<1m]
• Key Performance Indicators
Key performance indicators 5G forum 3GPP (TR38.913)
Reliability [TBD] [TBD] General: 1-10-5 within 1ms (X bytes within 1ms)
eV2X: TBD (latency for small packets within [TBD] ms)
eHealth: 1-10-5 within 1ms ([300Mbps] User exp. data rate)
Coverage KM or dB None
General: [164 dB]
Extreme: Up to [2Mbps] for stationary services and up
[384kbps] for moving devices
• up to [100] km: with the performance targets
• up to [200] km: slight degradations in the achieved
performance is acceptable.
• up to [400] km: should not be precluded by the specifications
Bandwidth Hz None
This is an ITU-R requirement from IMT-Advanced. It may not be up to 3GPP to set a value for this requirement. (1GHz aggregated bandwidth)
UE battery life year None
[15 years] The activity of mobile originated data transfer consisting of [TBD bytes] UL per day followed by [TBD bytes] DL from MCL of [TBD] dB, assuming a stored energy capacity of [TBD].
• Key Performance Indicators (cont’d)
3GPP RAN Progress on 5G: Radio Requirement for New Radio (2)
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
• Tight Interworking between the NR & LTE
3GPP RAN: Architecture & Migration Requirement for NR (1)
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
- Considering high performing inter-RAT mobility and aggregation of data flows via
at least dual connectivity between LTE and new RAT
- This shall be supported for both collocated and non-collocated site deployments
EPC
LTENR
LTE NR
1) NR tightly integrated in LTE
(LTE-NR Dual Connectivity) 2) NR and LTE stand-alone
EPC NextGen Core
NRLTE
3) LTE tightly integrated in NR
(NR-LTE multi-connectivity)
NextGen Core
NRLTE
4) NR and LTE stand-alone anchored
to NextGen Core
NextGen Core
Source: R2-162364, Deployment Scenarios for Interworking, Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell
• Support of Connectivity through Multiple Transmission Points
3GPP RAN: Architecture & Migration Requirement for NR (2)
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
- The RAN architecture shall enable a separation of control plane signaling and
user plane data from different sites
- The RAN architecture shall support interfaces supporting effective inter-site
scheduling coordination.
New Core Network
CU-C(control plane)
CU-U(user plane)
Snew-C
Snew-U
eX2
NGFI
DU
User plane data L3 control signalling (e.g. RRC)
NextGenCore
Snew-C
NGFI
DU2
DU1
DU3
Snew-U
CU-C
CU1-U
CU2-U
NR Link 1
NR Link 2
NR Link 3
Source: R2-162613, Clarification on the requirement for CP/UP separation, ZTE
• Splitting the RAN Architecture
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
- Different options and flexibility
for splitting the RAN architecture
shall be allowed
• Deployment Flexibility
- The RAN architecture shall
allow for deployment flexibility
e.g. to host relevant RAN, CN
and application functions close
together at the edges of the
network, when needed, e.g. to
enable context aware service
delivery, low latency services,
etc...
Higher layer access functions
NextGen Core
LB, MC
control, CC,
NW slicing
control
Frame scheduling, multiplexing, physical layer procedures, modulation, channel
coding
NG1-C NG1-U
Data transfer,
routing for MC,
QoS enf.,
security, RoHC
NG-RAN
NG-NB
IW functions,
Legacy LTE
PDCP, QoS
mapping
Common control Access-specific control Common user plane
Radio-specific functions
Access-specific UP
LT
E R
RC
NR
RR
C
oth
ers
Source: R2-162721, Considerations on access architecture, Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell
3GPP RAN: Architecture & Migration Requirement for NR (3)
• C-Plane/U-Plane Separation
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
- The RAN architecture shall allow for C-plane/U-plane separation
• Deployment with Network Function Virtualization
- The RAN architecture shall allow deployments using Network Function Virtualization
• RAN & CN Evolution
- The RAN architecture shall allow for the RAN and the CN to evolve independently
- The RAN architecture shall allow for the operation of Network Slicing
• Network Slicing
Source: R2-162664, Network slicing considerations, Huawei, HiSilicon
3GPP RAN: Architecture & Migration Requirement for NR (4)
• Lower CAPEX/OPEX
III. Roadmap Towards 5G
- The design of the RAN architecture shall enable lower CAPEX/OPEX with respect to current networks to achieve the same level of services
• Open Interfaces for Multi-vendor Interoperability
- RAN-CN interfaces and RAN internal interfaces (both between new RAT logical nodes/functions and between new RAT and LTE logical nodes/functions) shall be open for multi-vendor interoperability
• Operator-controlled Side Link (Device-to-Device) Operation
- The RAN architecture shall support operator-controlled side link operation, both in coverage and out of coverage
3GPP RAN: Architecture & Migration Requirement for NR (5)
Frequency
Cellular Cellular Unlicensed cmWave/mmWave
V2I
V2V
Simultaneous
Tx/Rx
UL DL
SIC
< 1ms
Low latency with short TTI
Vehicle to vehicle safety comm.
High-speed mobile backhaul
Multi-connectivity Massive MIMO
Reliable comm. with diversity
Cellular-based IoT Aggregated
Connections
Spectrum sharing
(LAA)
Massive access
Full Duplex Ultra-dense network Small cells
Ultra-reliable & Low Latency Massive Connectivity
Capacity Enhancement
Three Technical Elements in 5G Radio Access
III. 5G Enabling Technologies
Boosting Radio Access Capacity
III. 5G Enabling Technologies
• More Spatial Efficiency Space division
(beam division)
multiple access
• More Spectrum & More Spectral Efficiency
5G Radio Access: Spectrum
• Future Works for IMT to Resolve:
- Congested use of incumbent services < 6GHz
- Heavy traffic in dense urban area (e.g., hot-spot)
• Characteristics (Advantages) in the Above 6 GHz Bands
- Wide contiguous bandwidth
- Tolerable path loss within small cells
- Realization of sufficient link margin
with large antenna arrays at Tx and
Rx (packed into small form factor)
III. 5G Enabling Technologies
To exploit the wide bandwidth available in the higher frequency band > 6GHz
mmWave band outdoor
cellular system
III. 5G Enabling Technologies
mmWave Band – Mobile System Prototype
• Millimeter-wave Beamforming Prototype by SAMSUNG Electronics
1.2Gbps@100km/h
7.5Gbps
- Outdoor coverage test - Outdoor-to-indoor penetration
• Test Results with Millimeter-wave Beamforming Prototype
III. 5G Enabling Technologies
• Example
- Enabling technologies identified by Samsung Electronics
Enabling Technologies for 5G Radio Access: Overview (1)
III. 5G Enabling Technologies
APP
Server eNB
Nomadic
UE
Vehicle
UE/Cell
Interactive Game,
VR/AR, Tactile Internet
Vehicle Safety
IoE (Internet of Everything)
Enhanced.
Quality of Experience
Spectral Efficiency Enh.ancement
Virtual Sectorization
User-Centric Tx/Rx
Cloud
(Low Latency, High Performance)
Broadband Access
Simultaneous
TX & RX
Spectral efficiency (30bps/Hz/Macro-area)
Areal Capacity (X1000)
Spectral Efficiency (X2)
System Capacity Enhancement
(> 1.5 times WiFi Capacity)
Hyper-connected Devices (X1000)
Low Latency (~5ms V2V)
Vehicle
UE/Cell
Veh. Infotainment
Vehicular User QoE Enhancement
Efficient Scalable
Reliable
Stationary/
Nomadic Small Cell
System Capacity
Enhancement
(Source: ETRI)
Enabling Technologies for 5G Radio Access: Overview (2)
Summary:
Enabling Technologies for 5G Wireless Network Category Enabling Technologies
5G RAN Requirements
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10
Wide and
Flexible
Bandwidth
Technology
Millimeter-wave Band
Heterogeneous Multi-RAT Integration
Cognitive radio and spectrum sharing
Advanced
Modulation
and Coding
Advanced Modulation: FQAM
Advanced Channel Coding
Duplexing In-band full Duplexing
Dynamic TDD
Multiple
Access and
Waveform
Multiple Access NOMA
SCMA
New Waveform
Large Scale
Antenna
Large-scale Antenna below 6 GHz
Large-scale Antenna below 6 GHz
Advanced
Interference
Management
Advanced Receiver for Simultaneous Non-Unique Decoding (SND)
Sliding Window Superposition Coding
Access
Architecture-
related Radio
Technologies
Advanced Small Cell
Enhanced Wireless Backhaul
Moving Network
Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication
Edgeless Cellular Network
Application-
specific Radio
Technologies
Massive Connectivity
V2X: V2V, V2P, V2I
R1: Cell Spectral Efficiency R2: Peak Data Rate R3: Cell Edge User Data Rate R4: Latency R5: Mobility R6: Handover Interruption Time R7: Areal Capacity R8: Energy Efficiency R9: Connectivity R10: Positioning
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