5.technology and laws of warfare in the age of chaucer
DESCRIPTION
Changes in the technology of warfare with emphasis on the reign of Edward III.TRANSCRIPT
Changing Technology of WarfareArundel, 1067, 1138
Caernafon 1283
Caernafon Plan
Thirlwell 1350
Conwy
Bastide Town
Components of the Army
• Men-at-arms Heavy cavalry 2s/day• Sergeants 1s/day• Hobelars Initially Irish Light cavalry 6d/day• Mounted archers• Longbowmen• Crossbowmen• Infantry
Weaponry
• Increased use of infantry• Use of archers – longbow– Mounted archers
• “Warwolf” largest medieval trebuchet (catapult)
• Use of incendiaries?
Model of ‘Warwolf’
Choose Your Weapons
Cross Bow (balistarii)• "cocked“ with little effort• Wait for target• Can use coverDefensive situations
Self bow (sagitarii)• Requires considerable
strength• Mobility• Higher firing rateOffensive situations
Armor (mail) piercing arrowheadsM10 is the most common in military contexts
Oliver Jessup,Archaeology data service
Wedding Present for Edward III
New Technology
• Possible use of gunpowder in Scotland wars• Gascony campaign of 1337– 2.45% of the expenditures were on sulfur and
saltpeter
New Warfare
• 1355-1356 Grand Chevauchée (Black Prince)• 1356 Battle of Poitiers; Capture of French King• 1358 Jacquerie• 1360 Peace of Bretigny– Unemployed knights
The Squire
• With him there was his son, a youthful squire,• A lover and a lusty bachelor,• With locks well curled, as if they'd laid in
press.• Some twenty years of age he was, I guess.• In stature he was of an average length,• Wondrously active, aye, and great of strength.
The SquireEllesmere Chaucer
The Squire - Chevauchée
• He'd ridden sometime with the cavalry[And he hadde been somtyme in chyvachie]
• In Flanders, in Artois, and Picardy,• And borne him well within that little space• In hope to win thereby his lady's grace.
Chevauchée and Spoils of War
• 1355-1356 Grand Chevauchée (Black Prince)• Common soldiers and civilians considered without
worth• 1385 King of Portugal kills prisoners at Aljubarotta.
Froissart notes it as a disaster 'because that day they killed good prisoners from whom they could have had 400,000 francs’
• 1390 Gloucester objects to peace citing'poor knights and squires and archers of England whose comforts and station in society depend upon war‘ Froissart
235r Captivity of John the Good
Defeat of the Jacquerie
1367 Battle of Nájera
The Squire
• Prinked out he was, as if he were a mead,• All full of fresh-cut flowers white and red.• Singing he was, or fluting, all the day;• He was as fresh as is the month of May.• Short was his gown, with sleeves long and wide.• Well could be sit on horse, and fairly ride.• He could make songs and words thereto indite,
The Squire
• Joust, and dance too, as well as sketch and write.
• So hot he loved that, while night told her tale,• He slept no more than does a nightingale.• Courteous he, and humble, willing and able,• And carved before his father at the table.
Black Prince