5th lecture - prevention & control of diseases- 12 dec 2015

7/25/2019 5th Lecture - Prevention & Control of Diseases- 12 Dec 2015

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Level ofpreve!"o

Mo#e of"!erve!"o

Pr"$%r&preve!"o

Se'o#%r&preve!"o

Ter!"%r& preve!"o

Re%"l"!%!"oD"*%"l"!&

L"$"!%!"o

ED+T,e%l!

Pro$o!"o

Spe'"-'

Pro!e'!"o

D"*e%*ePro'e**

M% o! &e!%e'!e#

A/e!

,o*!

Ev"ro$e!

E%rl& p%! E%rl&

le*"o*

A#v%'e#"*e%*e

Cov%le*'e'e

Interaction--- Hostraction

E!r&$0l!"pl"'%!"o

T"**0e1p&*"o '%/e

I$$0"!&1re*"*!%'eRecovery

Death

S"/1*&$p!o$*

"lle**

D"*%"l"!&1#efe'!

Cro"'

P%!o/ee*"* p%*ePre2P%!o/ee*"* p%*e


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NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE

PATHOENESIS STAEE!r& of %/e!3 $0l!"pl"'%!"o3 !"**0e %#

p&*"olo/"'%l '%/e*3 I.P.3 'l""'%l p%*e3

Po*!2'l""'%l p%*e,o*! re%'!"o "* 0pre#"'!%le 4 $%& re*0l! "

*02'l""'%l1"2%pp%re! "fe'!"o1 '%rr"er *!%!e

M%& e $o#"-e# &"$$0"*%!"o1'e$o!er%p&1'e$oprop&l%5"*

Pro'e** "*"#0o0* " 'ro"' #"*e%*e* l"6e

C,D


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RIS! FACTORS

E5%'! %/e! of #"*e%*e '% o! e "#e!"-e# e./. C,D3

pep!"' 0l'er3 '%'er3 $e!%l #"*e%*e*

A %!!r"0!e1e5po*0re *"/"-'%!l& %**o'"%!e# 7"!#evelop$e! of #"*e%*e

A #e!er$"%! $o#"-%le & "!erve!"o 4 re#0'"/po**""l"!& of #"*e%*e or %#ver*e o0!'o$e

e./. *$o6"/ %# l0/ '%'er

Of!e *0//e*!"ve 0! %*ol0!e proof of '%0*e %#ee'! 0*0%ll& l%'6"/

Pre*e'e #oe* o! #eo!e !%! #"*e%*e 7"ll o''0r %#%*e'e of "! $e%"/ #"*e%*e 7"ll o! o''0r


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RIS! FACTORS

I#e!"-%le pr"or !o eve!1#"*e%*eCo$"%!"o of r"*6 f%'!or* $%& %ve %##"!"ve or

*&er/"*!"' ee'! o o''0rre'e of #"*e%*e *$o6"/ %# o''0p%!"o%l e5po*0re 2 %##"!"ve

S$o6"/3 &per!e*"o %# "/ 'ole*!erol level* 4*&er/"*!"' for C,D

C%0*%!"ve 2 *$o6"/ + l0/ '%'er

Co!r"0!or& 4 l%'6 of e5er'"*e " C,D


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RIS! FACTORS

Mo#"-%le 4 *$o6"/3 &per!e*"o3 r%"*e# 'ole*!erollevel*3 oe*"!&3 p&*"'%l e5er'"*e

OR

No2$o#"-%le4 %/e3 *e53 r%'e3 /ee!"' f%'!or*

I#"v"#0%l

OR

Colle'!"ve 4 $%l%r"% r"*6 %re%*3 poll0!"o3 poor 7%!er *0ppl&

R"*6 f%'!or* %* 7ell %* #e/ree of r"*6 %re #e!er$"e# &ep"#e$"olo/"'%l *!0#"e*

I$por!%'e 4 pre2*&$p!o$%!"' *'ree"/ for #"*e%*e*


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RIS! ROUPS

R"*61!%r/e! /ro0p* "#e!"-e# %* per 'er!%" 'r"!er"%37o ee# *pe'"%l pr"or"!& %!!e!"o for e%l! '%re

R"*6 /ro0p '% e #e-e# %* % /ro0p of people or

% *0*e'!"o of !e pop0l%!"o3 7o3 & v"r!0e of'er!%" '%r%'!er"*!"'*3%re l"6el& !o %ve % "/erpro%"l"!& of *0er"/ fro$ oe or $ore #"*e%*e*or fro$ /eer%l "ll e%l!

Al*o '%lle# R"*6 Appro%'

A e%l! '%re $%%/e$e! *!r%!e/&

More e8'"e! 0!"l"*%!"o of e5"*!"/ re*o0r'e*


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"FOR DEFININ # AT-RIS!$

ROUPS

B"olo/"'%l *"!0%!"o A/e e./. "f%!*3 LBW3 !o##ler*3 el#erl&

Se5 4 fe$%le* " repro#0'!"ve %/e

P&*"olo/"'%l *!%!e 4 Pre/%'& Gee!"' f%'!or* 4 f%$"l& 1o /ee!"' #"*or#er*

P&*"'%l ev Sl0$*1 over'ro7#e# 'o#"!"o*1poor 7%!er

*0ppl&1pro5"$"!& !o "#0*!r"e*

So'"o2'0l!0r%l *"!0%!"o So'"%l 'l%**3 e!"' /ro0p3 %''e** !o e%l! *erv"'e*3

l"fe*!&le %# o!er %r$f0l e%v"o0r p%!!er


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AI% & O'(ECTIVES OF

PREVENTION & CONTROLPre*erve3 re*!ore %# pro$o!e e%l!

To re#0'e 0r#e of #"*e%*e 2 "'"#e'e %#

prev%le'eTo re#0'e #0r%!"o of #"*e%*e

To re#0'e *ever"!& + 'o$pl"'%!"o*

To re#0'e $or!%l"!&

To re#0'e f0r!er *pre%# %# !r%*$"**"oTo re#0'e -%'"%l 0r#e


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2PRE:ENTION AND

CONTROLKo7le#/e of 4N%!0r%l 1o #"*e%*e

Ae!"olo/&1 '%0*%!"o

D&%$"'* of !r%*$"**"o

Av%"l%"l"!& of prop&l%'!"'1e%rl& #e!e'!"o !ool*%# !re%!$e!

Or/%"*%!"o%l "fr%*!r0'!0re

Co!"0o0* $o"!or"/ %# ev%l0%!"o


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SO%E I%P

TER%INOLOIES

Diseases contro)

Diseasese)i*ination

DiseasesEra+ication


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DISEASE CONTROL

Co!%"$e! of #"*e%*e !o % level 7ere "!'e%*e* !o e % P0l"' ,e%l! prole$

D"*e%*e %/e! per*"*!* " 'o$$0"!& %! % lo7level

S!%!e of e;0"l"r"0$ "* e*!%l"*e# e!7ee%/e!3 o*! %# ev"ro$e!


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DISEASE ELI%INATION

I!er$e#"%!e /o%l e!7ee 'o!rol %#er%#"'%!"o

I!err0p!"o of !r%*$"**"o %# el"$"%!"o of#"*e%*e fro$ % l%r/e /eo/r%p"' %re%1re/"o

Re/"o%l el"$"%!"o "* pre'0r*or forer%#"'%!"o

E./. Me%*le*3 D"p!er"%3 Pol"o


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DISEASE ERADICATION

Ter$"%!"o of %ll !r%*$"**"o of "fe'!"o &e5!er$"%!"o of %/e!

A*ol0!e pro'e** 4 !o 0proo!

U*e# for 'e**%!"o of "fe'!"o1#"*e%*e fro$ /loe

SMALLPO< "* ol& #"*e%*e !o %ve ee er%#"'%!e#fro$ 7orl#

Pol"o3 Me%*le* %# G0"e%7or$

#"*e%*e(Dr%'0'0l"%*"*)

%re 'o*"#ere# %$e%le for er%#"'%!"o


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DISEASE ERADICATION

Ever& #"*e%*e %* "!* o7 ep"#e$"olo/"'%l'%r%'!er"*!"'* 2 N%!0r%l "*!or&3 #&%$"'* of!r%*$"**"o3 e5"*!e'e of '%rr"er*1re*ervo"r*of "fe'!"o3 %"$%l o*!* 3 %#

%v%"l%"l"!&1o!er7"*e of v%''"e %# ee'!"ve!re%!$e!

Ever& #"*e%*e "* 3 %* *0' 3 o! %$e%le !oer%#"'%!"o


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DISEASE ERADICATION

Co!rol $e%*0re* %"$ !o re#0'e $or"#"!& fro$#"*e%*e

O'e $or"#"!& "* re#0'e# *0*!%!"%ll&3 =re*"#0%l"fe'!"o> *!"ll per*"*!* " 'o$$0"!&1%re% %# *!%!eof e;0"l"r"0$ "* e*!%l"*e#

Tere $%& e "##e *o0r'e* of "fe'!"o %#0re'o/"*e# $o#e* of !r%*$"**"o3 '%/e* "or/%"*$ l"6e re*"*!%'e e!' %# !e*e $%& /e!%'!"v%!e# 7eever e;0"l"r"0$ "* #"*!0re#


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DISEASE

PREVENTIONPrevention

Pro*otehea)th

Preservehea)th

Restore

hea)th


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LEVELS OF

PREVENTIONPri*or+ia)

Pri*ary

Secon+ary

Tertiary


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PRI%ORDIALPREVENTION

Ne7 'o'ep!3 e*pe'"%ll& %ppl"'%le for 'ro"'D"*e%*e*

Preve!"o of e$er/e'e1#evelop$e! of r"*6f%'!or*10e%l!& l"fe*!&le* " pop0l%!"o*7ere !e*e %ve o! &e! o''0rre#1%ppe%re# 4#"*'o0r%/"/ !o %#op! %r$f0l l"fe*!&le* 4*$o6"/3 e%!"/ p%!!er*3 l%'6 of p&*"'%le5er'"*e

B& "#"v"#0%l 1 $%** e#0'%!"o


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PRI%ARY PREVENTIONA'!"o efore o*e! of #"*e%*e , Pre-

atho.enic hase/

Re$ov"/ po**""l"!& of o''0rre'e of #"*e%*eB& Hea)th ro*otion%# Seci0c

rotection 3 %* %l*o Hea)th E+1cation

No! ol& for preve!"o of o''0rre'e of#"*e%*e 0! %l*o "'l0#e* 'o'ep! of Po*"!"ve,e%l!

Al*o for 'ro"' D"*e%*e* 2 el"$"%!"o1

$o#"-'%!"o of r"*6 f%'!or*


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PRI%ARY PREVENTION

Appro%'e*

23 Po1)ation4%ass strate.y

E./. S$%ll re#0'!"o " BP1Cole*!erol level* of

pop0l%!"o* le%#* !o l%r/e re#0'!"o " "'"#e'e of C,D

D"re'!e# !o7%r#* *o'"o2e'oo$"'3 e%v"o0r%l %#l"fe*!&le '%/e* " pop0l%!"o*


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PRI%ARY PREVENTION

53 Hi.h-ris6 strate.y

De!e'!"o of people %! "/ r"*6 %#

$o#"f&"/ r"*6 f%'!or*


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PRI%ARY PREVENTION

Sa7e8 )o9 cost8 hi.h ret1rns

E./. R"*e " *!# of l"v"/(Pr"$%r& Preve!"o)eve efore %v%"l%"l"!& of v%''"e*1 o!er$e#"'%l "!erve!"o* le# !o #r%*!"'re#0'!"o 1'o!rol of $%& 'o$$. D"*e%*e*

,ol"*!"' %ppro%' 4 $e%*0re* of e%l!pro$o!"o3 pro!e'!"o fro$ #"*e%*e %/e!*%# pro!e'!"o fro$ ev"ro$e!%l %?%r#*


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PREVENTION

To %l! pro/re** of #"*e%*e %! "!* e%rl& *!%/e %# preve!%& 'o$pl"'%!"o* , Ear)y atho.enesis sta.e/

Ear)y +ia.nosis an+ Treat*ent ( "'l0#e* case 0n+in.an+ screenin./

A"$* !o *e%r' for 02re'o/"*e# "lle** %# e%rl&!re%!$e! efore "rrever*"le '%/e* o''0r

Coll%!er%l %#v%!%/e 4 preve!* f0r!er !r%*$"**"o of#"*e%*e 4 pro!e'!* 'o$$0"!& fro$ %';0"r"/ "fe'!"o( Pr.Preve!"o)

More e5pe*"ve %# le** ee'!"ve !% Pr"$%r& Preve!"o


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TERTIARY PREVENTION

Late atho.enesis sta.e

A"$ 4 !o l"$"!1 re#0'e f0r!er "$p%"r$e!1#"*%"l"!& %# pro$o!e1%*!e %#@0*!$e! !o"* 'o#"!"o*1ev"ro$e!

I'l0#e* Disa:i)ity )i*itation %#Reha:i)itation

M%& *!"ll elp !o preve! *e;0el%e of #"*e%*e


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%ODES OF INTERVENTION

Hea)th Pro*otion

Seci0c rotection

Ear)y +ia.nosis an+ treat*ent

Disa:i)ity )i*itation

Reha:i)itation


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HEALTH PRO%OTION= E%l"/ people !o %ve "'re%*e# 'o!rol !o

"$prove !e"r e%l!>

Ai* " stren.then host

,e%l! e#0'%!"o

Ev"ro$e!%l *%"!%!"o

N0!r"!"o%l "!erve!"o*

L"fe*!&le %# e%v"o0r%l '%/e*

E5er'"*e + p&*"'%l %'!"v"!&1&o/%1$e#"!%!"o

Per"o#"' e%l! 'e'620p*

,e%l!& %"!*

,e%l!& e%v"o0r 4 f%"!f0l p%r!er

S%fe #r"6"/ 7%!er


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HEALTH PRO%OTION. ,e%l! E#0'%!"oMo*! 'o*! ee'!"ve

Ifor$ %o0! #"*e%*e* 4 !e"r '%0*%!"o %#preve!"o

A"$e# %! /eer%l p0l"'3 pr"or"!& /ro0p*3 "#l*3'o$$0"!& le%#er*3 #e'"*"o $%6er*

. Ev"ro$e!%l $o#"-'%!"o*E./. S%fe 7%!er3 *%"!%r& l%!r"e*3 'o!rol of

pe*!*1ro#e!*3 e!!er o0*"/ e!'


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,EALT, PROMOTION. N0!r"!"o%l "!erve!"o*N0!r"!"o e#0'%!"o3 foo# for!"-'%!"o3 0!r"!"o%l

*0pple$e!%!"o3 0!r"!"o%l pro/r%$$e*

. L"fe*!&le %# e%v"o0r%l '%/e*Re;0"re* "#"v"#0%l %# 'o$$0"!& re*po*""l"!&

for e%l!Role of !re%!$e! prov"#er* %* e#0'%!or*

,e%l! e#0'%!"o "* "$p for '%/"/ op""o*3%"!* %# e%v"o0r


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SPECIFIC PROTECTION

I$$0"?%!"o

Ce$oprop&l%5"*

O''0p%!"o%l %?%r#* %# %''"#e!*

Ev"ro$e!%l 'o!rol 4'%r'"o/e*1 %ller/e*1poll0!"o

S%fe!& %# ;0%l"!& of foo# + #r0/*N0!r"!"o 2 Io#"*e# *%l! for /o"!er

2 Iro + fol"' %'"#

2 M"# #%& $e%l

2 :"! A forN"/!l"#e**

Gee!"' 'o0*ell"/

EARLY DIANOSIS AND


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EARLY DIANOSIS ANDTREAT%ENT

A"$ 4 !o #e!e'! #"*!0r%'e* "o$eo*!%!"'1'o$pe*%!or& $e'%"*$* 7e"o'e$"'%l3 *!r0'!0r%l %# f0'!"o%l '%/e*%re *!"ll rever*"le

Cr"!er"% of #"%/o*"* /eer%ll& %*e# o #e!e'!"oof !e*e '%/e* %* !e& pre'e#e #evelop$e! of$%"fe*! *"/* %# *&$p!o$* of #"*e%*e

I$prove* pro/o*"* %# preve!* o''0rre'e of

*e'o#%r& '%*e* %# lo/ !er$ #"*%"l"!&Re#0'e* $or"#"!& %# $or!%l"!& e./. C%'erv"51re%*!3 &per!e*"o3 T0er'0lo*"*3 Lepro*&

Preve!"o 1 Co!rol


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EARLY DIANOSIS & PRO%PT

TREAT%ENT

SCREENING

MEDICAL E


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DISA'ILITY LI%ITATION

Late atho.enesis hase 4 !o %l! pro/re**"o of#"*e%*e pro'e** !o "$p%"r$e! %# %#"'%p

. I$p%"r$e!

= Lo**1%or$%l"!& of p*&'olo/"'%l3 p&*"olo/"'%l or%%!o$"'%l *!r0'!"o or f0'!"o>

e./. lo** of foo!3 #efe'!"ve v"*"o3 $e!%l re!%r#%!"o

M%& le%# !o *e'o#%r& "$p%"r$e!*

e./. Lepro*& 4 #%$%/e !o erve* 4 pl%!%r 0l'er* orfoo! #rop


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. D"*%"l"!&

= Re*!r"'!"o1"%"l"!& !o #o 'er!%" %'!"v"!"e*1f0'!"o*

I !e $%er or r%/e 'o*"#ere# or$%l>

. ,%#"'%p

= D"*%#v%!%/e re*0l!"/ fro$ "$p%"r$e!1#"*%"l"!&!%! l"$"!*1preve!* "#"v"#0%l fro$ f0l-ll"/ "*1errole 'o*"#ere# or$%l for !%! "#"v"#0%l>


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A''"#e! 222 D"*e%*e L%r/el&$e#"'%l

Lo** of foo! 222 I$p%"r$e!

I%"l"!& !o 7%l6 2 D"*%"l"!& L%r/el&*o'"%l

Ue$plo&e# 22222 ,%#"'%p


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DISA'ILITY

LI%ITATIONTREATMENT

Me#"'%l

S0r/"'%l


37/41

REHA'ILITATION

# Co*:ine+ an+ coor+inate+ 1se o7*e+ica)8 socia)8 e+1cationa) an+

vocationa) *eas1res 7or trainin. an+retrainin. in+ivi+1a) to hi.hest ossi:)e)eve) o7 71nctiona) a:i)ity$

Ai*4

To re#0'e "$p%'! of #"*%"l"!&1%#"'%p %#e%le "* *o'"%l "!e/r%!"o ( A'!"vep%r!"'"p%!"o " $%"*!re%$ of 'o$$0"!& l"fe)


38/41

REHA'ILITATION

%e+ica)2 re*!or%!"o off0'!"o( $0*! *!%r! ver&e%rl& " !re%!$e! pro'e**)

Vocationa)2 re*!or%!"o of

'%p%'"!& !o e%rSocia) 2 re*!or%!"o of

f%$"l& + *o'"%lrel%!"o*"p

Psycho)o.ica) 2

re*!or%!"o of #"/"!& +'o-#e'e


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REHA'ILITATION %EDICINE

Ne7 *pe'"%l"!&

I'l0#e* #"*'"pl"e* of P&*"o!er%p&3

o''0p%!"o%l !er%p&3 *pee' !er%p&3%0#"olo/&3 p*&'olo/&3 *o'"%l 7or63 vo'%!"o%l/0"#%'e %# pl%'e$e! *erv"'e*

Reha:i)itation " a +i;c1)t an+ +e*an+in.tas68 re


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Yo0r e%r"/ 7o! /o

9aste


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5th lecture - prevention & control of diseases- 12 dec 2015

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