5xmorales marquez
TRANSCRIPT
CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION
By Xioana Morales Marquez
END
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ADIABATIC TEMPERATURE CHANGES AND EXPANSION AD COOLING
Adiabatic temperatures are temperatures that change without heat being added or taken away
They happen when ‘air is compressed or allowed to expand
For example, and airplane when you lift off the ground and go higher into the Earth’s atmosphere your ears pop
This happens because of the vast decrease in pressure which occurs by the few gas molecules.
In result, the belaying air expands and cools down.
OROGRAPHIC LIFTING This is when mountains and other elevated
lands disrupts the natural air flow When you look at a mountain and you see
the progressing difference in land features and towards the top you see whiteness
This is because as you go higher into the atmosphere adiabatic cooling happens.
FRONTAL WEDGING
Is when a blast of cold air and warm air collide and make a ‘front’
this creates wild storms and even tornadoes In theory the cold air acts as a bottom wedge
and hot air acts as a top wedge This happens because the more dense the air
is the more the air is brought down to the bottom of the atmosphere
CONVERGENCE
Is when the air on the lower part of the atmosphere flow and move together to lift itself up higher into the atmosphere
As an example, in Florida when the warm air from the ocean to land, and the structure of the state being a peninsula the warm air comes from both sides of the land causing convergence to happen
TYPES OF CLOUDS Cirrus, Cumulus, and Stratus are the
three main basic types of clouds Cirrus is a more curl than plum
shape of cloud they have a feathery effect to them
Cumulus are clouds that are more round and full they appear more on fair days
Stratus are the clouds that have a light gray kind of color to them, the kind of clouds that tell weather it would rain today or tomorrow
HIGH CLOUDS
Cirrus, Cirrostratus, and cirrocumulus kind of clouds make up high clouds
Are figured as small but fluffy massed clouds, thin, pure white and made up of ice crystals
They increase sky coverage and are more likely a warming sign that a storm like weather would be approaching.
MIDDLE CLOUDS
Appear in the middle range of the sky from 2000-6000 meters high
Altocumulus clouds are made or figured as more full, rounded clouds
They are slightly larger then the high clouds They bring small showers or rain and or snow
LOW CLOUDS
Stratocumulus, stratus, and nimbostratus make up as members of the low cloud family
They are more of a faint kind of cloud meaning the nimbostratus cloud is more of the rain cloud then either of them
CLOUDS OF VERTICAL DEVELOPMENT
Sometimes there are clouds that don’t even correspond to any of the 3 types and levels
These clouds are very much related to each other by being associated with unstable air
FOG (BY COOLING AND BY EVAPORATION As a clearance there is absolutely no
difference in a cloud and fog, they are generally the same in logical sense
When it’s late at night and all weather is calm a thin layer of air collects near the ground, which process soon turns to condensation
As the air cools and the more denser the cooled air is in lower terrains, is where fog builds by cooling
Although fog that is made by evaporation is just cool air that moves over warm water, when the water vapor meets the cold air it condenses and rises with warmed air
COLD CLOUD PRECIPITATION Involves the Bergeron process Counts on two major Processes super-
cooled and supersaturated to be super-cooled water in the liquid
state would have to be -40 degrees, meaning when it takes impact to an object it freezes
To be supersaturated ice crystals can’t have any approach to water vapor due to the way ice crystals are saturated
WARM CLOUD PRECIPITATION
Involves the collision-coalescence process
Is when rain droplets go through clouds with they water absorbing particles, the cloud being well below freezing temperatures
the slat in the rain droplets remove water vapor making the relative humidity drop lower than 100%
So as rain droplets move through the cloud they hit other smaller droplets making them together drop down.
RAIN AND SNOW
Have a lot in common as rain droplets are produced in the cloud, the temperature that in well below freezing makes the rain turn to snow before it falls
The snow on the other hand, known as the rain, melts as it’s falling but only when the surface temp is at least 4 degrees Celsius
SLEET, GLAZE AND HAIL
Sleet is a form of air that temperatures are above freezing, and lay over a subfreezing layer near towards the ground
Glaze is when rain drops become ‘super-cooled’ as they fall from the sky, hit the ground and turn to ice on instant impact
Hail is made in cumulonimbus clouds, as small pellets grow bigger they find a strong ‘up-draft’ and is carried down to the ground