6. ---- both the american and french revolutions declared every … · 2019-11-21 · yds i -...

YDS I - ARALIK’19

1

1-6: For these questions, choose the best word or

expression to fill the space.

1. Individuals who do refrain from doing regular

exercise and those not receiving adequate

nutrition increase their ---- to diseases.

A) familiarity B) susceptibility

C) forgery D) expectation

E) treatment

2. The direct and indirect effects of the rising number

of tourists across the world ---- an annoyance

among residents, which ---- conflicts between

tourists, tourism suppliers and inhabitants.

A) must cause / has to lead to

B) would cause / is likely to lead to

C) will cause / is able to lead to

D) might have caused / should lead to

E) may cause / could lead to

3. Social media marketing is a form of internet

marketing that involves creating and sharing

content on social media networks in order to

achieve ---- marketing and branding goals.

A) previous B) identical

C) crucial D) inestimable

E) conclusive

4. The 2000s have been the most productive and

most successful years ---- Turkish film industry,

both ---- the national and international arena.

A) of / by B) above / about

C) into / on D) for / in

E) off / without

5. Statistical significance refers to a result that is not

likely to occur ---- but rather is likely to be

attributable to a specific cause.

A) randomly B) intricately

C) decisively D) artificially

E) deliberately

6. ---- both the American and French revolutions

declared every citizen formally equal to every

other, the right to vote remained an instrument of

political power at the disposal of very few.

A) Provided that B) As

C) If D) As long as

E) Although

7. The U.S. auto industry, despite enjoying an

unrivalled leadership and profits for a long time,

nearly ---- due to increased foreign competition

back in 1970s.

A) resolved B) restricted

C) collapsed D) implemented

E) thrived

8. Genetically-modified seed developers initially ----

on innovations that bring direct benefit to the food

industry, and then wanted their products ---- by

producers and the public.

A) worked / to be accepted

B) would work / to accept

C) have worked / accepted

D) had worked / are accepting

E) will work / had accepted

9. The use of sign Language in China is discouraged

and in some cases completely banned ---- people

believe that it will further inhibit a child’s auditory

capabilities.

A) in order that B) only if

C) unless D) although

E) because

7-16: For these questions, choose the best word(s)

or expression(s) to fill the space(s).

YDS I - ARALIK’19

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10. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder tends to

run in families and, ---- most cases, it is thought

that the genes inherited ---- parents are a

significant factor in developing the condition.

A) over / for B) in / from

C) above / by D) with / off

E) along / into

11. Separation of powers refers to the ---- of

government responsibilities into distinct branches

where the intent is to prevent the concentration of

power and provide for checks and balances.

A) depletion B) subsidy

C) withdrawal D) acquisition

E) division

12. Symphonies became so popular in the 18th

century that they detached completely from opera

and ---- the most revered instrumental genre of the

era.

A) carried out B) took up

C) put off D) turned into

E) broke down

13. Humans are driving many once green areas into

deserts on an unprecedented scale; ----, they are

not devoid of the solutions that could be

implemented at both personal and institutional

level.

A) furthermore B) likewise

C) however D) in other words

E) therefore

14. Once authors of fiction ---- on their visions, they

must make sure that the characters, setting and

plot are compelling and convincing so that they

---- by readers.

A) had decided / were appreciated

B) decide / are being appreciated

C) decided / had been appreciated

D) have decided / are appreciated

E) are deciding / have been appreciated

15. The study of philosophy involves ---- forming

one’s own answers to certain questions, ----

seeking to understand the way in which people

have answered such questions in the past.

A) no sooner / than B) as / as

C) whether / or D) such / that

E) not only / but also

16. For a society to have harmony and peace, state and

business organizations ---- citizen initiatives must

shoulder the responsibility to create a substantial

safety net for the less fortunate in society.

A) in spite of B) because of

C) in case of D) thanks to

E) along with

YDS I - ARALIK’19

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expression to fill the spaces in the passage.

From the earliest times up until now, a critical relationship

(17) ---- between military technology, the tactics of its

employment, and the psychological factors that bind its

users into units. Success in war, the prerequisite of military

organizations and the (18) ---- purpose of military

technology, depends on the ability of the combatant group

to coordinate the actions of its members (19) ---- a

tactically effective manner. The coordination and the

strength of the forces that bind the unit together can bring

success sooner or later, (20) ---- its members set aside

their individual interests – even life itself – for the welfare of

the group. These forces, in turn, are directly affected both

by tactics (21) ---- by technology.

17.

A) had existed B) will exist

C) has existed D) existed

E) was existing

18.

A) reserved B) impartial

C) excessive D) ultimate

E) accurate

19.

A) in B) on

C) by D) at

E) of

20.

A) but B) unless

C) while D) so that

E) only if

21.

A) similar to B) as well as

C) such as D) for the sake of

E) in case of

YDS I - ARALIK’19

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expression to fill the spaces in the passage.

Homeschooling is a progressive movement around the

world, in which parents choose to educate their children at

home (22) ---- sending them to a traditional school.

Families choose to homeschool for a variety of reasons,

(23) ---- dissatisfaction with the educational options,

religious beliefs or educational philosophies, and the belief

that children are not progressing (24) ---- the traditional

school structure. The homeschooling movement began in

the 1970s, when some popular authors and researchers

started writing about educational reform. (25) ----,

homeschooling gained momentum as an alternative

educational option before long. According to statistics,

there are now more than two million children (26) ---- at

home in the U.S., with the percentage rapidly increasing by

7 to 15 percent each year.

22.

A) due to B) in case of

C) thanks to D) instead of

E) despite

23.

A) including B) thanks to

C) except for D) in place of

E) through

24.

A) above B) around

C) within D) below

E) behind

25.

A) Namely B) Thus

C) Subsequently D) Otherwise

E) Conversely

26.

A) educating B) having educated

C) to have educated D) educated

E) having been educated

YDS I - ARALIK’19

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27-36: For these questions, choose the best option

to complete the given sentence.

27. While fear is considered a response to a threat that

is present, ----.

A) many fear that overcoming present problems will

take a long time

B) people with anxiety disorders can experience such

conditions more frequently

C) anxiety involves the dread that accompanies

thinking about a potential threat

D) certain brain areas, including the hippocampus and

prefrontal cortex, are active when one is scared

E) the role of fear in preventing effective learning

needs further research

28. Although it is uncertain whether climate change

will lead to an increase in the number of

hurricanes, ----.

A) the effects of climate change on hurricanes are still

unknown

B) the frequency of hurricanes and the damage they

cause vary from basin to basin

C) hurricanes have also increased in intensity over the

past two or three decades

D) warmer ocean temperatures and higher sea levels

are expected to intensify their impacts

E) this increase is correlated with the rise in sea

surface temperatures

29. The Maya are generally known to have practiced a

primitive type of “slash-and-burn” agriculture ----.

A) thus, they were deeply religious, and worshiped

various gods related to nature, including the gods

of the sun

B) on the contrary, major Maya cities of the time were

surrounded and supported by a large population of

farmers

C) yet, they performed elaborate religious ceremonies

and rituals at the beginning and the end of each

rainy season

D) however, they also displayed evidence of more

advanced farming methods, such as irrigation and

terracing

E) therefore, at the top of Maya society were the kings,

who claimed to be related to gods and followed a

hereditary succession

30. Even if Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple

intelligence gained widespread acceptance within

the scientific circles, ----.

A) this theory suggests that traditional psychometric

views of intelligence are too limited

B) he theorized that people do not have just one, but

many kinds of intelligence

C) a person most likely possesses a range of

abilities such as verbal, musical, spatial and

naturalistic

D) he also received criticism since his theory

described abilities or personality traits rather than

intelligence

E) many teachers utilizing multiple intelligences

integrate Gardner’s theory into the classroom

YDS I - ARALIK’19

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31. It is assumed that people transmit rumours only

when they believe them and that discrediting a

rumour will stop its spread ----.

A) so rumour is seen as a seeking, rather than a

believing process

B) yet, other evidence suggests people pass on

rumours whether they believe them or not

C) thus, it is urgent to reach a consensus over how

to prevent its spread

D) moreover, the rumour process eliminates the

most improbable and unreliable accounts

E) but, individuals who are known to have inside

information are regularly consulted for verification

32. Since transistors are the work horses of a

computer, ----.

A) doubling the transistors generally means doubling

the computer processing power

B) every couple of years, storage devices like

memory and hard drives get bigger and faster

C) future computers might use atoms, DNA, light or

quantum computing

D) nano-sized bio-computers could target specific

areas inside a patient’s body to cure it

E) one of their main applications is amplifying, that

is, increasing the power of a signal

33. Because only large animals can produce

relatively low-frequency sounds, ----.

A) this information helps animals find food, shelter,

mates and new habitats

B) it is affected by biases and thresholds passed on

to it by successful prior generations

C) the link between alternative signals and different

circumstances is called a code

D) animals differ widely in the mechanisms by which

they acquire signal codes

E) this signal, when received by a small animal,

provides evidence that the opponent is large

34. ----, the focus on alternative forms of energy

needs to intensify.

A) Although people are exploiting the natural

resources on Earth at an accelerating rate

B) As humanity’s impact on the planet’s natural

resources becomes increasingly profound

C) Since scientists are working hard to engineer

Earth’s weather and modify the environment

D) Provided that the research on global warming

leads us into the next age of renewable energy

E) Even though depletion of natural resources is

caused by both natural and human-made causes

35. The most common myth about human trafficking

is that it often involves kidnapping or forcing

someone into a situation, ----.

A) human trafficking is therefore the use of force,

fraud or coercion to get another person to provide

labour or other benefits

B) moreover, many survivors are trafficked by

romantic partners, including spouses, and by

family members, including parents

C) in contrast, labour trafficking occurs in all countries

but is reported at lower rates than other types of

trafficking

D) human trafficking is, thus, often confused with

human smuggling, which involves illegal border

crossings.

E) in reality, however, most human traffickers use

psychological means such as, tricking,

defrauding, manipulating or threats

36. Social democracy was originally known as

revisionism ----.

A) because it represented a change in an already

existing doctrine by rejecting the use of revolution

to establish a socialist society

B) in that the growth of social democracy owed much

to the influence of political theorists

C) although the principles of the various social

democratic parties began to diverge to some

extent

D) just as success for socialism depended on

eliminating misery and offering a decent life to the

working class

E) since the term “revisionism” is used as a label for

certain types of deviation from established

Marxist views

YDS I - ARALIK’19

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37-42: For these questions, choose the most accurate Turkish translation of the sentences in English, and the most accurate English translation of the sentences in Turkish.

37. Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to

be colonized by Europeans, due largely to the

fierce resistance of the native Caribs.

A) Dominik, büyük ölçüde yerli Karayiplilerin şiddetli

direnişi sayesinde Avrupalılar tarafından

sömürgeleştirilen son Karayip adası olmuştur.

B) Dominik, büyük ölçüde yerli Karayiplilerin şiddetli

direnişinden ötürü Avrupalılar tarafından çok geç

sömürgeleştirilebilen Karayip adası olmuştur.

C) Yerli Karayiplileri ile şiddetli direniş gösteren

Dominik, Avrupalılar tarafından sömürgeleştirilen

Karayip adalarının sonuncusuydu.

D) Dominik, büyük ölçüde yerli Karayiplilerin şiddetli

direnişinden ötürü Avrupalılar tarafından

sömürgeleştirilen Karayip adalarının

sonuncusuydu.

E) Dominik, yerli Karayiplilerin şiddetli direnişi

nedeniyle Avrupalılar tarafından büyük ölçüde

sömürgeleştirilen Karayip adalarının

sonuncusuydu.

38. Similar in size to living human cells, microrobots

are far less likely to cause tissue damage than

conventional medical interventions, such as

surgical incisions and catheter insertions.

A) Canlı insan hücrelerine boyut açısından benzer

olan mikro robotların, cerrahi kesiler ve kateter

yerleştirmeleri gibi geleneksel tıbbi müdahalelerden

farklı olarak, doku hasarına neden olma olasılığı

çok daha düşüktür.

B) Cerrahi kesiler ve kateter yerleştirmeleri gibi

geleneksel tıbbi müdahalelere göre mikro robotların

az doku hasarına neden olması, canlı insan hücresi

boyutuna çok daha benzer olmalarındandır.

C) Canlı insan hücreleri gibi küçük boyutlara sahip

olan mikro robotların cerrahi kesiler ve kateter

yerleştirmeleri gibi geleneksel tıbbi müdahalelere

göre doku hasarına neden olma olasılığı çok

düşüktür.

D) Canlı insan hücrelerinin boyutuna benzer şekilde,

mikro robotlar cerrahi kesiler ve kateter


kıyasla çok daha az doku hasarına neden

olmaktadır.

E) Canlı insan hücrelerine boyut açısından benzer

olan mikro robotların cerrahi kesiler ve kateter


göre doku hasarına neden olma olasılığı çok daha

düşüktür.

YDS I - ARALIK’19

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39. About 68 percent of adults believe that, during

the next century, evidence showing that life

exists in this or other galaxies will be discovered.

A) Bu ya da başka galaksilerde yaşamın var

olduğunu gösteren kanıtların keşfedileceğine

yetişkinlerin yaklaşık yüzde 68'i tarafından

inanılmaktadır.

B) Yetişkinlerin yaklaşık yüzde 68'i, gelecek

yüzyılda, yaşamın bu ya da başka galaksilerde

var olduğunu gösteren kanıtların keşfedileceğine

inanıyor.

C) Yetişkinlerin yaklaşık yüzde 68'i, gelecek yüzyıl

boyunca, yaşamın bu ya da başka galaksilerde

var olduğunu kanıtlayacak keşifler yapılacağı

inancındadır.

D) Yetişkinlerin yaklaşık yüzde 68'i, yakın gelecekte,

yaşamın bu ya da başka galaksilerde var

olduğunu göstermek için kanıtların

keşfedileceğine inanıyor.

E) Yetişkinlerin yaklaşık yüzde 68'inin, gelecek

yüzyılda, yaşamın bu ya da başka galaksilerde

var olduğunu gösteren kanıtların keşfedileceğine

olan inancı tamdır.

40. Hayvanları veya bitkileri yabancı bir habitat içine

sokmak, rekabet etmek için gerekli

mekanizmalara sahip olmayan bu bölgenin doğal

yaşamı için genellikle feci sonuçlar doğurur.

A) Introduction of animals or plants into a foreign

habitat often has disastrous results for the native

life of the area that isn’t equipped with the

mechanisms to compete.

B) When introduced into a foreign habitat, animals or

plants often have disastrous results for the native

life of the area that doesn't possess the

necessary mechanisms to compete.

C) Since it doesn’t possess the necessary

mechanisms to compete, the native life of a

habitat may experience disastrous results due to

foreign animals or plants.

D) Introducing animals or plants into a foreign

habitat often has disastrous results for the native

life of the area that doesn't possess the

necessary mechanisms to compete.

E) The native life of an area, lacking the necessary

mechanisms to compete, are disastrously

affected by the introduction of foreign animals or

plants into their habitat.

41. Felsefe üzerine araştırmaları çoğunlukla teşvik

eden şey yalnızca cevaplar veya savların kendisi

değil, savların iyi ve cevapların doğru olup

olmadığıdır.

A) The research on philosophy is mostly motivated by

not merely the answers or arguments themselves

but whether or not the arguments are good and the

answers are true.

B) What mostly motivates the research on philosophy

is not merely the answers or arguments themselves

but whether or not the arguments are good and the

answers are true.

C) Those conducting the research on philosophy are

mostly motivated by not only the answers or

arguments themselves but whether or not the

arguments are good and the answers are true.

D) The research on philosophy finds motivation in not

just the answers or arguments themselves but also

whether or not the arguments are good and the

answers are true.

E) What mostly motivates the researchers of

philosophy is not solely the answers or arguments

themselves but whether or not the arguments are

good and the answers are true.

42. İkinci bir dil öğrenirken, hatalara, insanın

kendisini geliştirme fırsatı oldukları için bir hayal

kırıklığı kaynağı yerine, bir öğrenme aracı olarak

bakmak önemlidir.

A) When learning a second language, it is important

to look at errors as an instrument of learning,

instead of a source of frustration as they are an

opportunity to improve oneself.

B) While learning a second language, what is

important is to look at errors as an instrument of

learning, instead of a source of frustration since

they are an opportunity to improve oneself.

C) It is important to look at errors as an instrument of

learning, rather than a source of frustration during

second language learning process as they are an


D) When learning a second language, errors should

be regarded as an instrument of learning, instead

of a source of frustration as they are an


E) While learning a second language, one should

look at errors as a means of learning, instead of a

source of frustration as they are an opportunity to

improve oneself.

YDS I - ARALIK’19

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43-46: Answer these questions according to the

passage below.

New research shows that maternal exposure to a common

form of industrial pollution can harm the immune system of

offspring and that this injury is passed along to subsequent

generations, weakening the body's defences against

infections such as the influenza virus. While other studies

have shown that environmental exposure to pollutants can

have effects on the reproductive, respiratory, and nervous

system function across multiple generations, the new

research shows for the first time that the immune system is

impacted as well. This multigenerational weakening of the

immune system could help explain variations that are

observed during seasonal and pandemic flu episodes.

Annual flu vaccines provide some people more protection

than others, and during pandemic flu outbreaks some

people get severely ill, while others are able to fight off the

infection. While age, virus mutations, and other factors can

explain some of this variation, they do not fully account for

the diversity of responses to flu infection found in the

general population. The study authors hypothesize that the

exposure to dioxin -- which binds a protein in cells called

AHR -- in some fashion alters the transcription of genetic

instructions. The exposure itself does not trigger a genetic

mutation, rather a change in cellular machinery, and this

phenomenon is passed onto subsequent generations.

43. Which of the following is true about the study

mentioned in the passage?

A) It suggests that body’s defence mechanisms are

more adversely affected by certain types of

illnesses.

B) Some genes inherited from parents may weaken

over time, rendering the immune system

useless.

C) It is the first study to establish a link between

industrial pollution and its effect on immune

system.

D) There are multiple reasons why the immune

system cannot fight back against flu during

outbreaks.

E) Other studies have failed to explain the

deterioration of several functions found in the

body.

44. Which of the following can be concluded from the

passage?

A) The factors that can account for the difference

observed in some people’s ability to survive an

infection do not portray a complete picture.

B) Age, virus mutations, and genetic make-up are

hardly enough to explain the diversity of responses

to flu injection.

C) Annual flu vaccines offer a complete and

satisfactory solution in our fight against flu

infection.

D) Researchers seem to be confident that dioxin is

responsible for passing down the mutated genes

to later generations.

E) Exposure to pollutants can affect respiratory

system functions more than other systems.

45. It can be understood from the passage that the

researchers do not know ----.

A) why some conditions are easier to treat while

others are not

B) how many generations it takes for an inherited

disease to disappear

C) whether infections in the future will be avoided

thanks to their work

D) why exposure to industrial pollution causes genes

to mutate

E) exactly how dioxin changes the transcription of

genetic instructions

46. The passage is mainly about ----.

A) a finding about the role exposure and inheritance

could play in health problems

B) a novel treatment method that utilizes manipulation

at genetic level

C) the reason why some research cannot explain the

factors that contribute to the formation of genetic

deterioration

D) a controversy over how exposure to industrial

pollution affects people of all age groups

E) industrial pollution and its effects on younger

generations

YDS I - ARALIK’19

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passage below.

The sudden need for specific foods is a universal

struggle. Surveys show that a majority of people

experience food cravings. And scientists have begun to

understand the yearnings at a more fundamental level. A

study found that when participants thought about foods

they liked, certain areas of the brain lit up. Specifically,

the hippocampus, the insula and the caudate nucleus, all

key players in the dopamine reward system also involved

with other types of cravings. This is consistent with the

idea that cravings of all kinds, whether for food, drugs or

designer shoes, have common mechanisms. Looking at

it through an evolutionary lens, the tendency to yearn for

select foods and to overconsume once they are nearby

isn’t surprising. As Kent Berridge, a professor of

psychology, notes “not many people crave raw carrots,

but lots of people crave the sweet and fatty things.”

These foods are typically high in calories, and because

our primitive ancestors didn’t have the luxury of walking

into the nearest grocery store or fast food joint, they took

advantage of energy-dense foods when they were

available. When every meal is a risky adventure, you

don’t hesitate when a substantial one presents itself.

“That’s typically how the cravings go, toward these

super-pleasant tastes and textures we’ve evolved to

prefer,” says Berridge. “It makes sense, in the

environment we evolved in, to eat when you can.”

47. Which of the following can be concluded from

the passage?

A) The type of food desired depends on the

physiology of the brain.

B) Several parts of the brain work together to

prevent food craving.

C) Food craving is not merely a psychological

phenomenon.

D) The increase in dopamine levels in the brain is

linked with food craving.

E) Food craving and shopping have no shared

characteristics.

48. Which of the following is true about the research

mentioned in the passage?

A) It fails to account for the consumption of food

high in calories by our ancestors.

B) It arouses controversy regarding food cravings

among the scientists in the field.

C) It proves that people crave for healthy foods as

well as unhealthy ones.

D) It establishes an association between the

sudden urge to eat and our evolutionary roots.

E) It provides a comprehensive description of how

parts of brain change in response to cravings.

49. It is understood from the passage that ----.

A) pleasant tastes rather than textures shape our

preferences for food

B) it might be dangerous to follow a diet high in

calories

C) human beings have evolved to take every

opportunity to feed themselves

D) the way we think about food affects our brain

structure significantly

E) our ancestors preferred mouth pleasure over

healthy foods

50. Which of the following would be the best title of

the passage?

A) Cravings and Survival: An Evolutionary Link

B) Reward mechanism: How It Works

C) Pleasure over Health: Bad Choice?

D) Ancestral Eating Habits

E) Why Our Ancestors Fed on Calories?

YDS I - ARALIK’19

11


passage below.

Earth is changing faster than anyone can comprehend with

more forests burning, more glaciers melting and more

evidence of the world's ancient cultures slipping away

because of the effects of human-caused climate change.

The quicker Earth changes, the less time there is to learn

from its past and understand its mysteries. The climate

crisis threatens to destroy our cultural and ecological

heritage within decades. Thus, researchers proposed a

way to preserve a record of our planet in its present state:

use lasers to create a high-resolution, 3D map of the entire

world. It is now the mission of a new non-profit project

called The Earth Archive. It uses light detection and

ranging, or LIDAR — a method of remote scanning that

uses aircraft to shower a landscape with a dense net of

laser beams. From this bombardment of light, researchers

can create high-resolution, 3D maps of a given area and

then digitally edit out foliage and other features that might

be concealing hard-to-spot secrets near Earth's surface.

The technique has become more prominent in

archaeological surveys in the past decade, helping

researchers uncover lost cities in heavily forested parts of

Africa and South America, buried roads in ancient Rome

and previously undiscovered cityscapes in Cambodia. In

2007, researchers used LIDAR to uncover traces of a lost

metropolis in the Honduran rainforest. These scans

revealed more details about the city's ruins in 10 minutes

than researchers could have found in 10 years of research.

51. Why do scientists want to map the entire world

using LIDAR?

A) To warn future generations and help them

learn from the mistakes made by former

generations.

B) To restore the delicate balance in nature that

has been disrupted by technological

developments.

C) To test the technology to observe

environmental changes over the years and

make necessary improvements to it.

D) To provide future generations with a more

detailed portrayal of past cultures and the

traces they left.

E) To preserve at least a visual representation of

the world as it is as conservation efforts cannot

keep up with the rate of destruction.

52. One of the distinguishing features of LIDAR is that

----.

A) it yields results much faster than traditional methods

employed to cover an area

B) it can keep record of much larger areas than

previously used technologies

C) it functions autonomously and doesn’t require any

human intervention

D) it improves the look of a given area by editing out

spoiled parts

E) it does not harm the environment and the living

things in it

53. The attitude of the author towards the changes the

Earth experiences currently is ----.

A) derisive

B) apprehensive

C) disappointed

D) optimistic

E) favouring

54. The passage is mainly about ----.

A) the advantages of utilizing LIDAR technology in

keeping the nature intact

B) why details matter when it comes to

determining what is to be preserved

C) the efforts to keep the world heritage in the face

of rapid deterioration with the help of

technology

D) difficulties scientists have while looking for

hidden treasures in isolated regions of the world

E) how technology transforms the way research is

conducted

YDS I - ARALIK’19

12


passage below.

Leonardo da Vinci was truly a Renaissance man,

impressing both his contemporaries and modern observers

with his intricate designs spanning many disciplines.

However, although he is best known for iconic works such

as "Mona Lisa" and "Last Supper," in the early 16th century,

da Vinci designed a lesser-known structure: a bridge for the

Ottoman Empire that would have been the longest bridge of

its time. Had it been built, the bridge would have been

incredibly robust, according to a new study. In 1502, Sultan

Bayezid II requested proposals for the design of a bridge

that would connect Constantinople to the neighbouring area

known as Galata. Da Vinci was among those who sent a

letter to the sultan describing a bridge idea. However,

though da Vinci did not get the job, now, a group of

researchers at MIT has analysed da Vinci's design and

tested how sturdy his bridge would have been if it were

built. The group built a copy of the bridge, after taking into

consideration the materials and equipment available 500

years ago and the geological conditions of the Bosphorus

Sea over which the bridge would have been built. They

concluded that such a bridge would have stood on its own

without any paste or material to hold the stone together just

by compression once the keystone was placed at the top.

55. Which of the following can be concluded from

the passage?

A) Da Vinci’s genius lay not only in painting,

though it is his paintings that earned him fame.

B) Impressed by his other works, Sultan Bayezid

II commissioned Da Vinci to design a bridge.

C) Da Vinci’s dream was realized by engineers

from MIT centuries later.

D) The bridge Da Vinci designed was impossible

to materialize due to lack of equipment in his

time.

E) Da Vinci is just as well-known for his paintings

as he is for his bridge designs.

56. It is clear from the passage that researchers from

MIT tried to ----.

A) put the materials used during the Renaissance to

the test of time

B) determine why da Vinci’s design was rejected by

the Ottomans

C) understand the role played by the keystone in

engineering in the past

D) adhere to the original design by da Vinci to

construct a reliable test

E) recreate the geological conditions of the area to

examine their role

57. The underlined word in the passage “sturdy” is

closest in meaning to ----.

A) meticulous

B) durable

C) expensive

D) time-consuming

E) lengthy

58. One finding of the research conducted was that

----.

A) it was the keystone placed at the top that

distinguished da Vinci as a bridge designer from

his contemporaries

B) Ottoman Sultan’s rejection of his design did not

discourage Da Vinci from continuing to perfect

his design

C) da Vinci’s design ensured that no further

materials were needed to allow the bridge to

stand on its own

D) da Vinci was held in high regard by both

Europeans and other nations of the time

E) several other artists copied Da Vinci’s design

principles and incorporated them in their own work

YDS I - ARALIK’19

13


passage below.

There is a lost continent hidden below southern Europe.

And researchers have created the most detailed

reconstruction of it yet. The lost continent "Greater Adria"

emerged about 240 million years ago, after it broke off

from Gondwana, a southern supercontinent made up of

Africa, Antarctica, South America, Australia and other

major landmasses. Greater Adria was large, extending

from what is now the Alps all the way to Iran, but not all

of it was above the water. That means it was likely a

string of islands or archipelagos. Earth is covered in large

tectonic plates that move relative to each other. Greater

Adria belonged to the African tectonic plate (but was not

a part of the African continent, since there was an ocean

between them), which was slowly sliding beneath the

Eurasian tectonic plate, in what is now southern Europe.

Around 100 million to 120 million years ago, Greater

Adria smashed into Europe and began diving beneath it,

but some of the rocks were too light and so did not sink

into Earth's mantle. Instead, they were “scraped off" — in

a way that is similar to what happens when a person puts

their arm under a table and then slowly moves it

underneath: The sleeve gets crumpled up. This

crumpling formed mountain chains such as the Alps. It

also kept these ancient rocks locked in place, where

geologists could find them.

59. Which of the following is true according to the

text?

A) Europe was submerged under another

continent due to tectonic movements.

B) Gondwana was the oldest of the

supercontinents known to science.

C) Africa, Antarctica, South America, Australia

used to be merged and together formed one

giant continent.

D) Supercontinents thrived with diverse life as

they kept species in contact allowing them to

multiply.

E) Greater Adria was unique in that it was below

the sea level.

60. It is clearly stated in the passage that when

Greater Adria crashed into Europe, it ----.

A) caused much devastation and loss of habitats in

a series of events

B) created some mysterious land forms still

unexplained by science today

C) disappeared below Europe without leaving

anything behind to be discovered by geologists

D) gave rise to some of the prominent geographical

features known today

E) changed everything from climate to the fauna

and flora of Europe

61. It can be understood from the passage that ----.

A) the lost continent did not undergo any

substantial change except for gradual slide for a

long while

B) tectonic plates are now constant without moving

away or getting closer to one another

C) Greater Adria smashed into Europe about three

hundred years ago

D) plant and animal species may go extinct when

continents break apart

E) scientists made use of a formerly constructed

model of continental drift

62. What is the primary purpose of the author?

A) To explain the role of plate tectonics in the

formation of mountain chains

B) To account for the relationship between several

continents

C) To exemplify how one continent may give birth to

another in time

D) To shed light on the disappearance of a

continent due to natural processes

E) To trace the origin of Greater Adria and compare it

that of Africa

YDS I - ARALIK’19

14

63-67. For these questions, choose the best option

to complete the dialogue.

63.

Henry:

- Did you hear about that man with auto-brewery

syndrome? Poor guy!

Joel:

- ----

Henry:

- It is a rare condition in which the sufferer’s

gastrointestinal system produces ethanol

through fermentation by fungi or bacteria.

Joel:

- Ethanol? Isn’t that a primary alcohol? Poor guy

must be having a really hard time having to

explain himself all the time!

A) How does he manage to go about his job while

intoxicated all the time?

B) Is he supposed to take some kind of document to be

able to drive because of the alcohol in his body?

C) Auto-brewery syndrome? What does that even

mean?

D) Is there a treatment for it or does he just have to live

with it?

E) Then, he can’t be allowed to work in certain jobs, can

he?

64.

Morgan:

- Sometimes scientists do such crazy things in the

name of science that they create huge risks.

Rick:

- What do you mean? Can you be more specific,

please?

Morgan:

- ----

Rick:

- I am sure they have paid attention to those risks

and taken necessary precautions to make sure

they don’t leave the laboratory.

A) They sometimes test drugs or procedures on

themselves and violate several ethical rules in the

name of scientific advancement.

B) Scientists should be careful about the privacy of their

subjects and not release any personal information

without consent.

C) Local authorities are concerned that they might not

be well-prepared for possible pandemics as a

country.

D) Precautions to be taken by local and central

authorities are well-defined, strictly regulated and

enforced.

E) For instance, Japan recently imported Ebola and

other lethal viruses to prepare diagnostic test kits for

the 2020 Olympics.

65.

YDS I - ARALIK’19

15

Carol:

- Have you read that article about the star that is 16

billion years old?

Sasha:

- ----

Carol:

- I know what you think and scientists seem to agree

with you. It’s a weird phenomenon they are trying

to understand.

Sasha:

- I am sure there is a logical explanation. Nothing

can be older than the environment it exists in!

A) How can that be? Scientists use state-of-the-art

technology while doing such measurements.

B) No, I haven’t. What is it that attracted your attention so

much?

C) Sounds like thought-provoking. Can you elaborate on

it, please?

D) I thought the universe was around 14 billion years old.

Have you cross-checked the source?

E) I have never heard anything so strange in my life. I

can’t wait to see the explanation they will provide.

66.

Amelia:

- We assume that brain is a prerequisite for

intelligent behaviour in terms of learning or

cooperation. I wonder if this holds true all the time.

Liam:

- Well, I remember reading about an organism that

looks like a fungus, yet moves like an animal. It has

no brain, yet can learn to navigate.

Amelia:

- Don’t you, too, think that nature is full of wonders

and never ceases to amaze us?

Liam:

- ----

A) Maybe. I am sure there must be other creatures that

survive just as successfully as these.

B) Right. It is this capacity and versatility that enable it to

overcome catastrophes or even human impact.

C) True. They shouldn’t stop looking for organisms that

are better suited to harsh environmental conditions.

D) I agree. There is no reason to believe such organisms

might be the key to our survival in the future.

E) Yes, they are extremely predictable and thus easily fall

prey to predators.

YDS I - ARALIK’19

16

67.

Pamela:

- Do you think there is a limit to mountain growth? I

mean why don’t we have anything higher than

Mount Everest?

Miriam:

- ----

Pamela:

- Oh. That had never occurred to me. You made it

seem so simple that I can’t believe I never thought

about it.

Miriam:

- It happens to all of us. Sometimes the simplest

answers go unnoticed. So, don’t be so hard on

yourself.

A) For the simple reason that gravity stops any mountain

from growing any further. Their mass becomes so

heavy that they stop getting higher.

B) Mount Everest has always been the highest mountain

in the history of our planet and this is what all

schoolchildren are taught at school.

C) What makes you think that a mountain cannot get any

higher than a certain level has also been puzzling

scientists for a long time.

D) I also wonder why some mountains cannot get higher

than they already are while others are subject to

change.

E) There are other ways for a mountain to grow naturally

higher than adding layers on top of another in time.

68-71: For these questions, choose the best

rephrased form of the given sentence.

68. Even though large space agencies typically follow

the rules regulating the risks of infecting other

worlds with Earth microbes, there is no single

entity enforcing them.

A) Most institutions working on space projects are

careful not to contaminate other planets with

microbes from ours, however, current rules aren’t

strict enough to prevent it.

B) No matter how careful big space agencies are in

trying to keep other planets free from Earthly

microbes, one way or another, they find a way to

reach those planets.

C) No single entity exists to enforce the rules

regarding the prevention of microbes from

spreading to other planets although big space

corporations are usually careful with regulations.

D) Unless a single entity is established to prevent

microbes from spreading to other planets, large

space agencies will inevitably violate regulations

and face harsh sanctions.

E) Big institutions involved in space usually abide by

guidelines overseeing the dangers of spreading

other planets with microbes from earth, yet, a

single official body doesn’t exist to impose them.

YDS I - ARALIK’19

17

69. Historians debate the actual historical existence

of Atlantis, its most plausible location as well as

if it ever actually existed among the many sunken

ruins discovered around the world.

A) The real past presence of Atlantis, its most logical

whereabouts in addition to whether it really

existed amid the many sunken wrecks revealed

across the globe are discussed among historians.

B) Whether Atlantis really existed amid the many

sunken wrecks revealed across the globe is still

discussed among historians since there are so

many of them scattered around the world.

C) Although historians debate the actual historical

existence of Atlantis, its most plausible location

as well as if it ever actually existed, many sunken

ruins discovered make it impossible to verify

these.

D) While historians debate the actual historical

existence of Atlantis, its most plausible location

as well as if it ever actually existed, there are not

any sunken ruins around the world to be sure.

E) Even if Atlantis actually existed among the many

sunken ruins discovered around the world,

historians continue to debate the actual historical

existence of Atlantis and its most likely location.

70. Education, beliefs and traditions may make adults

more likely to stick to one problem-solving

strategy as opposed to children who look for

alternatives and are not afraid of trying.

A) Despite looking for alternatives and being not

afraid of trying as children, adults are more likely

to stick to one problem-solving strategy due to

their education, beliefs and traditions.

B) Schooling, dogmas and customs might cause

adults to cling to a single problem-solving method

in more instances unlike children who search for

other options and are brave enough to try.

C) Adults may hardly stick to one problem-solving

strategy due to their education, beliefs and

traditions in contrast to children who look for

alternatives and are afraid of trying.

D) While education, beliefs and traditions may make

adults more likely to try alternatives, children are

afraid of it and stick to one problem-solving

strategy.

E) Whether adults look for alternatives and afraid of

trying new strategies depends on the education,

beliefs and traditions they were exposed to as

children.

71. Often confused by ordinary people,

hallucinations and delusions are different in that

the former is seeing or hearing things that aren't

there, while the latter is believing that something

is happening that isn't real.

A) It is only natural that ordinary people confuse the

terms hallucination and delusion as they both

involve seeing or hearing things that do not exist

or are not happening.

B) Although confused by ordinary people, the

distinction between hallucinations and delusions

is clear in that one is seeing or hearing things that

aren't there, while the other is believing that

something is happening that isn't real.

C) Ordinary people often mistake one for the other,

but a hallucination and a delusion are not the

same things since the first is seeing or hearing

non-existent things while the second is believing

that something unreal is taking place.

D) What distinguishes a hallucination from a

delusion is that the sufferer of the former sees or

hears things that aren't there, while the sufferer of

the latter believes something unreal is happening,

which is clear to even ordinary people.

E) The difference between a hallucination and a

delusion is that things that don’t exist are seen or

heard in the former while unreal things are

believed in the former, yet ordinary people

scarcely use them interchangeably.

YDS I - ARALIK’19

18

72-75: For these questions, choose the best option

to complete the missing part of the passage.

72. Quite literally, the term "philosophy" means, "love

of wisdom." In a broad sense, philosophy is an

activity people undertake when they seek to

understand fundamental truths about themselves,

the world in which they live, and their relationships

to the world and to each other. ---- Those who

study philosophy are perpetually engaged in

asking, answering, and arguing for their answers to

life’s most basic questions. To make such a pursuit

more systematic, academic philosophy is

traditionally divided into major areas of study.

A) At its core, metaphysics is the study of the nature

of reality, of what exists in the world.

B) As an academic discipline philosophy is much the

same.

C) It is, in contrast, concerned with what we can

know about the world and how we can know it.

D) History also seeks to find answers to such

questions.

E) This is why philosophy encompasses law, religion,

politics, history, science and art.

73. Around the world, nations have their own

militaries. How citizens are chosen for military

service varies based on the country’s laws. In

some nations, military service is voluntary. ---- In

other nations, there is a conscription system where

a group of people are required to sign up for

military service but will not report for duty unless

they are called to serve. Other nations have

mandatory military service, where all citizens or a

select group must sign up to serve their country.

Finally, there are nations that have a combination

of these systems.

A) Also, there are nations that have both compulsory

military service and voluntary military service.

B) However, there are also nations that have

compulsory service for women.

C) That is, citizens opt to sign up to join the military

as their career.

D) Therefore, most compulsory military service is for

adult males.

E) Yet, there are many nations that have compulsory

military service up to one year.

74. China is a highly diverse and complex country. It

has the highest and one of the lowest places on

Earth, and its relief varies from nearly impenetrable

mountainous terrain to vast coastal lowlands. Its

climate ranges from extremely dry in the northwest

to tropical monsoon in the southeast. ---- Indeed,

practically all types of Northern Hemisphere plants,

except those of the polar tundra and some of the

world’s most exotic animals are found in China.

A) Probably the single most identifiable characteristic

of China is its population.

B) Even among the Han there are cultural and

linguistic differences between regions.

C) China is unique in its longevity and resilience as a

discrete politico-cultural unit.

D) Such diversity has resulted in one of the world’s

widest arrays of ecological places.

E) Isolation made possible the flowering and

refinement of the Chinese culture.

75. The Great Depression was the worst economic

downturn in the history of the industrialized world,

lasting from 1929 to 1939. It began after the stock

market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall

Street into a panic and wiped out millions of

investors. Over the next several years, consumer

spending and investment dropped, causing steep

declines in industrial output. ---- By 1933, even

when the Great Depression reached its lowest

point, some 15 million Americans were

unemployed and nearly half the country’s banks

had already gone bankrupt.

A) Thus, the U.S. economy expanded rapidly, and

the total wealth more than doubled.

B) Also, the stock market underwent rapid

expansion, reaching its peak.

C) As a result, failing companies laid off millions of

workers.

D) Additionally, wages at that time were high, and

consumer saving was proliferating.

E) But, the global gold standard helped spread the

crisis across the world.

YDS I - ARALIK’19

19

76-80: For these questions, choose the irrelevant

sentence in the passage.

76. (I) There is absolutely no evidence that the pyramids

in Egypt were built by slave labour. (II) Most reputable

scholars today reject the claim that the pyramids were

built by slaves although slavery certainly did exist in

Egypt. (III) Egyptian monuments were considered

public works created for the state. (IV) Thus, both

skilled and unskilled Egyptian workers were employed

to build them. (V) Workers at the Giza site, for

instance, were given a ration of beer three times a day

and their housing needs were met.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

77. (I) Fundamentally, copyright is a law that gives you

ownership over the things you create. (II) Be it a

painting, a photograph, a poem or a novel, if you

created it, you own it and it’s the copyright law itself

that assures that ownership. (III) The ownership that

copyright law grants comes with several rights. (IV)

Moral rights are a major element of copyright law. (V)

This means that, unless you say otherwise, no one

can perform a piece written by you or make copies of

it, even with attribution, unless you give consent.


78. (I) Humans categorize work based on factors that are

relevant to humans. (II) It is more difficult for a human

to learn how to be a nuclear physicist than how to be a

barista. (III) This will no longer be the case very soon

when robots start to take over more and more jobs.

(IV) Thus, we assign more social status to being the

former. (V) Generally, the more education, brainpower,

or other rare quality work takes, the more highly we

prize it.


79. (I) An emotional advertising appeal depends more on

feelings and perceptions than logic. (II) At a

psychological level, what is it exactly that makes you

choose one brand over the competitor? (III) What might

seem like a simple choice really has more to do with

methods of persuasion used by advertisers to make

consumers feel a certain way about a product. (IV) In

advertising, there are a wide variety of ways to catch

your audience's attention. (V) These appeals can be

broken down into emotional and rational approaches.


80. (I) Memories are not static images or pieces of

information that are unalterably stored in our brain

once and for all. (II) They are dynamic constructions of

the brain that regularly get updated, modified and

reorganized through experience. (III) The brain also

constantly remembers and forgets information. (IV)

When it comes to intentional forgetting, prior studies

focused on locating hotspots of activity in the brain's

control structures. (V) In addition, most of these

processes take place automatically during sleep.


END OF THE TEST

CHECK YOUR ANSWERS

AKIN DİL EĞİTİM MERKEZİ Atatürk Bulvarı No: 169 Kızılay ANKARA - 417 07 20

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TR GENELİ YDS DENEME - I / 17 KASIM 2019

1. B 21. B 41. B 61. A

2. E 22. D 42. A 62. D

3. C 23. A 43. C 63. C

4. D 24. C 44. A 64. E

5. A 25. C 45. E 65. D

6. E 26. D 46. A 66. B

7. C 27. C 47. C 67. A

8. A 28. D 48. D 68. E

9. E 29. D 49. C 69. A

10. B 30. D 50. A 70. B

11. E 31. B 51. E 71. C

12. D 32. A 52. A 72. B

13. C 33. E 53. B 73. C

14. D 34. B 54. C 74. D

15. E 35. E 55. A 75. C

16. E 36. A 56. D 76. E

17. C 37. D 57. B 77. D

18. D 38. E 58. C 78. C

19. A 39. B 59. C 79. A

20. E 40. D 60. D 80. D

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