6. critical thinking skills 2
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CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS TODAY’S STUDENTS’ DEMANDS
Critical Thinking
Who is he?
HOW DID THEY APPEAR? Benjamin Bloom (1956) developed a classification
of levels of intellectual behavior in learning. This taxonomy contained three overlapping
domains: the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective.
Within the cognitive domain: six levels: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
These domains and levels are still useful today as you develop the critical thinking skills of your students.
The Three Types of LearningWhat IS Critical
Thinking?
What IS Critical Thinking?Critical thinking can be defined several
ways. One definition is “an active, organized, cognitive process”.
Another definition is “a process for identifying underlying assumptions and variables in order to draw conclusions and make decisions”.
You could even use the definition “a process used to explore alternatives to determine what is important”.
brainteaserWhen I was going to St. Ives
I met a man with seven wives
Every wife had seven sacks
Every sack had seven cats
Every cat had seven kittens;
Kittens, cats, sacks and wives
How many were going to St. Ives?
What IS Critical Thinking? Exploring encourages you to identify
all the variables within a situation. Analyzing is the process of studying
each variable to understand its meaning and its relationship to the other variables.
Prioritizing requires you to weigh the relative importance of each variable to the others, at a given point in time.
What IS Critical Thinking? Explaining the variables involves the
exercise of amplifying each variable to understand its meaning in the situation and to the involved parties.
Deciding means to choose a specific course of action.
Evaluating requires the thinker to assess how correct the thinking process was, and if further action is needed.
DVD-ROM feature: writingcognitiv
e
Activities to develop psychomotor skills.
psychomotor
affective
WHICH ONES ARE THEY? Critical thinking involves logical thinking and reasoning:
skills such as comparison, classification, sequencing, cause/effect, patterning, webbing, analogies, deductive and inductive reasoning, forecasting, planning, hypothesizing, and critiquing.
Creative thinking involves creating something new or original.
It involves the skills of flexibility, originality, fluency, elaboration, brainstorming, modification, imagery, associative thinking, attribute listing, metaphorical thinking, forced relationships. The aim of creative thinking is to stimulate curiosity and promote divergence.
ANALYSISanalyze arrange connect divide infer separate
classify compare contrast explain select order
breakdown correlate diagram discriminate focus illustrate
infer outline prioritize subdivide points out prioritize
Examples: recognize and explain patterns and meaning, see parts and wholes
SYNTHESIS
combine compose generalize modify invent plan substitute
create formulate integrate rearrange design speculat
e rewrite
adapt anticipate collaborate compile devise express facilitate
reinforce structure substitute
intervene
negotiate reorganize validate
Examples: discuss "what if" situations, create new ideas, predict and draw conclusions
EVALUATION
assess compare decide discriminate measure rank test
convince conclude explain grade judge summarize support
appraise criticize defend persuade justify reframe
Examples: make recommendations, assess value and make choices, critique ideas
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN
accepts attempts challenges defends dispute
s joins judges
contributes praises questions shares support
svolunteers
Domain Attributes: interpersonal relations, emotions, attitudes, appreciations, and values
HOW TO DEVELOP THEM Setting activities in which the student is the
centre of the learning activity Students are asked to classify objects
according to their own judgement: by colours, size, use, topics,etc. : Learning centres.
They discriminate words according to their ending, beginning, or middle sounds and are asked to join them so as to create a chant, a poem or rhymes.
Other ways of practicing grammar
Make sentences, use have and don't have
Characteristics of Critical Thinkers
CT’ers look at self honestly/aware of prejudices
CT’ers know their attitudes/values influence
CT’ers are fair/respectful CT’ers are willing to change thinking CT’ers are not easily manipulated CT’ers are question askers CT’ers are independent thinkers CT’ers look for connections CT’ers based decisions on evidence
WHAT ABOUT GAMES? Word games: create associations,
relationships among different elements ( listing words )
Visual thinking games: develop visualization through shapes and forms, abstract images to discuss whta they see.
Drawing games: Includes both visualization and word games , drawing squiggles and ask them what they see.
5 Ways To Help Kids Think1. Provide a thoughtful classroom
environment2. Make the invisible – visible 3. Scaffold and cue (use tools)4. Provide continuing direct
instruction5. Integrate thinking instruction
with content …move it around
WEBLIOGRAPHYwww.livestrong.comwww.accessexcellence.orgwww.criticalthinking.orgwww.buzzle.com ( exercises for children )www.vforteachers.com ( exercises & experiments for children )
