6 f2014 earlytudor religion and divorce
DESCRIPTION
Considerations of religion in the period before the break with Rome. The role of church courts in divorce lawTRANSCRIPT
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Henry VIII: DivorceFrom Catherine
From RomeHenry VIII: Marriage
To AnneHenry VIII: Divorce
From Anne
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Religion Before the Break with Rome
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PrintingGutenberg Genesis, 1450
Caxton Indulgence for the Defense of Rhodes, 1480
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Erasmus Greek to Latin translation Gospel of Matthew
Novum instrumentum• First published 1514• Contained annotations
comparing text with Vulgate
• 229 reprints in 16th C.• Basis for Tyndale’s
English translation
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William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury
Letter to Wolsey, 1531• “that University
[Oxford] be infected with the heresies of Luther”
• “a great number of books of said perverse doctrine”
• Young scholars, infected with the cause, should be examined in London
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Luther in England
Discussants and martyrsRobert Barnes (1540), William Tyndale (1536), Miles Coverdale (exile), Nicholas Ridley (1555), Hugh Latimer (1555), Thomas Cranmer (1556), Thomas Bilney (1531)
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Henry VIIIDefense of the
Seven Sacraments
Thomas More ?Dedicated to Pope Leo XHenry titled Defender of the FaithOver 20 editions
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Church and Welfare
• Until the fourteenth century almost all charitable endowments had been in the hands of the Church-chiefly monasteries
• 15th century – almshouses supported by guilds• 1495 Vagrancy punished by 3 days in stocks
Some beggars given permission to beg• 1531 Licenses for begging.
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Tithes, Tithe Barn, Lenham Kent (14th C.)
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Pre-Henrician DissolutionSt Radegund's Priory, Cambridge; dissolved in 1496 and converted into Jesus
College,
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Bishops in London
• York Place (later Whitehall) (Abp. of York)
• Lambeth Palace (Abp. of Canterbury
• Ely House, Camden (B. of Ely)• Winchester Palace (B. of
Winchester)
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Church Courts
• Visitations – audit of spiritual, moral, administrative and financial state of dioceses– Correction of problems
• Civil suits – tithes, defamation– Probate and guardianship
• Marriage– Broken promises– Divorce
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Divorce a vinculo
• A divorce from the bond of marriage. A total divorce of husband and wife, dissolving the marriage tie, and releasing the parties wholly from their matrimonial obligations. (Black's Law Dictionary)
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Causes
• Pre-existing contract• Impediments of relation by blood, marriage or
affinity• Impotence• Duress• Adulterous relationship• Religious vows
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Margaret Tudor (1489-1541)
• 1502 Marriage to James IV• 1513 Widowed after Battle of Flodden• 1515 Married Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus• 1521 Initiated divorce proceedings• 1527 Divorce on grounds of pre-contract• 1528 Married Henry Stewart
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Divorce a mensa et tlioro
• A divorce from table and bed, or from bed and board. A partial or qualified divorce, by which the parties are separated and forbidden to live or cohabit together, without affecting the marriage itself. (Black's Law Dictionary)
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Causes
• Adultery• “Spiritual formication” – heresy, apostasy• Cruelty
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Mortuary Fess
Hunne’s CaseA challenge to church authority
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Catherine of Aragon
Was this the face that might have launched a 1000 ships?
Lucas Horenbout Miniattures, ~1525, NPG
Duke of Buccleuch Collection
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Legal Considerations
• Stare decisis (Pope Julius grant of dispensation)
• Adequate representation in England• Judicial bias in England• Inability to produce witnesses from Spain