6 primate behavior
TRANSCRIPT
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Primates and Primate Behavior
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Primates
Primates are a group of mammals that are adapted to living in trees through stereoscopic vision, grasping hands and large brains.
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4 Groups
• Prosimians• New World Monkeys• Old World Monkeys• Hominoidea
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Primate Evolution
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Ethology
• Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior.
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Estrus Cycle
• The majority of primates (like most mammals), have an estrus cycle.
• Females of the species are only receptive to sex when they can conceive.
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Chimp in Estrus
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Precocial vs. Altricial
• Precocial animals are relatively mature and mobile soon after birth.
• Altricial animals are relatively helpless after birth, requiring extensive care after birth.
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Primate Development
• Primates are altricial animals with a requiring a very long period of post-natal dependency.
• Chimps do not reach sexual maturity till they are around 11 (in females) or 13 (in males).
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Post-Natal Care
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Social Behavior
• Primates are social animals: they live in groups and have complex social behavior.
• Social animals recognize individuals as having differing roles and statuses.
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Dominance Hierarchy
• Dominance hierarchy - a structure where the various members of a society differ in power and access to food and mates.
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Dominance Hierarchy
• In a dominance hierarchy, there is competition for who is the Alpha or most dominant individual.
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Agonistic Display• An agonistic display is an act that attempts
to intimidate others…without actually attacking them.
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Cooperation
• While there is competition between primates, there is much evidence of cooperation as well. Primates will often work together for mutual benefit.
• There is also some evidence for a “sense of fairness” in our primate cousins.
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Grooming• Primates can often be seen grooming
each other.
• Allo-grooming refers to grooming of others.
• Auto-grooming refers to grooming of self.
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Grooming
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Grooming
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Grooming
• Grooming serves a variety of functions: it keeps the hair free of dirt and parasites, relieves stress and helps to create and maintain social bonds.
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Primate Culture
• Non-human primates can be said to have culture because they have shared practices that are learned…and not just instinctual.
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Primate Culture Examples
• Termite fishing• Cracking open nuts with rocks• Gathering water with plant material.
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Primate Cognition
• Humans and non-human primates have very interesting similarities and differences when it comes to learning.
• Chimps tend to out-perform humans on memory tests. It is thought that our brains evolved to better use language, while the brains of non-human primates evolved with better short-term memory.
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Primate Learning
• All young primates learn by observing adults…
• But humans spend time actively teaching children. And human children have a greater expectation of being taught.