6 product specifications

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Product Specifications

Teaching materials to accompany:Product Design and Development

Chapter 6

Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger5th Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2012.


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Produc t Des ign and Develop m ent Karl T. Ulrich and Steven D. Eppinger5th edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, 2012.

Chapter Table of Contents:1. Introduction2. Development Processes and Organizations3. Opportunity Identification4. Product Planning5. Identifying Customer Needs6. Product Specifications

7. Concept Generation8. Concept Selection9. Concept Testing10. Product Architecture11. Industrial Design12. Design for Environment13. Design for Manufacturing14. Prototyping15. Robust Design16. Patents and Intellectual Property17. Product Development Economics18. Managing Projects


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Concept Development Process

Perform Economic Analysis

Benchmark Competitive Products

Build and Test Models and Prototypes

IdentifyCustomer

Needs

EstablishTarget

Specifications

GenerateProduct

Concepts

SelectProduct

Concept(s)

SetFinal

Specifications

PlanDownstreamDevelopment

MissionStatement Test

ProductConcept(s)

DevelopmentPlan

Target Specs

Based on customer needsand benchmarking

Final Specs

Based on selected concept,feasibility, models, testing,and trade-offs


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Outline

Nature of specifications Spec vs. specs. Target vs. final specs. Process for setting target specs

Process for setting final specs


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Spec vs. Specs

A spec consists of a metric, a unit, anda value

Specs has a set of specs.


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Target vs. Final Specs

Target specs: the hope and aspirationof the design (ideal and marginal)

Refined specs: trade-offs amongdifferent desired characteristics. Intermediate specs

Final specs It is in the projects contract book


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Nature of Specifications

The reference point for functionalitydesign and quality planning

A product assembly usually requires ahierarchy of specs, for the final productand each of its components


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The Product Specs Process1. Set Target Specifications

Based on customer needs and benchmarks Develop metrics for each need

Set ideal and acceptable values2. Refine Specifications

Based on selected concept and feasibility testing Technical and economic modeling

Trade-offs are critical3. Reflect on the Results and the Process

Critical for ongoing improvement


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Procedure for establishing

target specifications1. Identify a list of metrics and measurement

units that sufficiently address the needs

2. Collect the competitive benchmarkinginformation

3. Set ideal and marginally acceptable targetvalues for each metric (using at least, atmost, between, exactly, etc.)

4. Reflect on the results and the process


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Process for setting the final

specifications1. Develop technical models to assess technical feasibility. The

input is design variable and the output is a measurement usinga metric.

2. Develop a cost model of the product.3. Refine the specifications, making tradeoffs, where necessary to

form a competitive map.4. Flow down the final overall specs to specs for each

subsystem (component and part).

5. Reflect on the results to seeWhether the product is a winner, and/orHow much uncertainty there is in the technical and cost model, orWhether there is a need to develop a better technical model.


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Product Specifications Example:Mountain Bike Suspension Fork


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Start with the Customer Needs


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Metrics Exercise:

Ball Point PenCustomer Need:

The pen writes smoothly.


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Establish Metrics and Units


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Link Metrics to Needs


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Benchmark on Customer Needs


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Assign Marginal and Ideal Values


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Perceptual Mapping Exercise

Chocolate

C r u n c

h

Hershey sw/ Almonds

Hershey sMilk Chocolate

NestlCrunch

KitKat

Opportunity?


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Specification Trade-offs

Score on Monster (Gs)

Trade-off Curvesfor Three Concepts

E s

t i m a

t e d M a n u

f a c

t u r i n g

C o s

t ( $ )


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Set Final Specifications


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Quality Function Deployment(House of Quality)

technicalcorrelations

benchmarkingon needs

customerneeds

engineeringmetrics

target and final specs

relativeimportance

relationships betweencustomer needs andengineering metrics


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Profit margin

Where:M: profit marginP: priceC: cost


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Target Cost

Where:C = target costP = price to the end user

Mi = the margin at the i th stage.


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Mark upMarkup = P/C - 1

Where:P: priceC: cost


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Chapter 6 HW

Metric Exercise: Ball Point Pen

Identify five possible metrics and the unit of measure for a customerneed as stated below:

The pen writes smoothly.

6 product specifications

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