6th per Psychology-Thurs, 4/26

Did you know??Down syndrome is considered a chromosomal abnormality, a genetic disorder that results from an excess or deficiency of genetic material. Two other common types of genetic

disorders are disorders resulting from a single mutated gene (which is one defective unit of genetic material) and

multifactorial disorders (which are caused by the interactions of one or more abnormal genes with

environmental factors). Mulitfactorial disorders are thought to result from a fetus’s genetic predisposition to react

adversely to specific environmental factors.

Please get out: •Your textbook•A writing implement•Ch 3, Sec 3 The Endocrine System notes

Chapter 3BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR

• The Big Idea:– The nervous system, the brain, the endocrine

system, and heredity shape human thoughts and behaviors.

• Essential Question:• What are the different parts of the brain, and how do they

work?

• Objective:– Describe the different parts of the brain and

how they work.

Today’s Agenda1. Ch 3, Sec 2 finish

2. To prepare for class on Friday, 4/27• Read Ch 3, Sec 4 • Take notes of your choice

Biology & Behavior Multimedia

• Brain Function• Visual of the Major Structures of the Brai

n• 3-D Brain Anatomy

Reticular Activating System• What is it?• What is it’s function?• How is it related to arousal and sleep?• What types of noises wake you up during the night?• How do you usually respond to these noises?• Why do certain noises wake some of the students

while other students are unaffected by those same noises?

Parts of the Brain• Under what circumstances might a honking car

not wake a person who is sleeping?• How might an injured cerebellum affect a person?• What does the thalamus do?• What can you infer about a person who sustained

a head injury and now exhibits unusual eating and drinking behaviors?

Parts of the Brain• Do you believe that scientists can gain useful

insights about human behavior by studying the hypothalamus in animals? Why or why not?

• What is the limbic system involved with?• What does cerebrum mean in Latin?• Which part of the brain do people generally think

of when talking about the brain? Why do you think this is so?

The Cerebral Cortex

• Which lobe is the primary visual area of the cerebral cortex?

• How is the brain similar to a walnut?• What could be called the brain’s executive center?• A chess player would typically be described as

emphasizing which side of her brain?• An artist would typically be descried as emphasizing

which side of his brain?

Left brain vs. Right brain??• Think of friends, relatives, or acquaintances

whom you would categorize as either logical or creative…

• Do you think an individual who has many abilities in one of those areas is lacking in abilities in the other area?

• Why or why not?• Is one hemisphere of the brain entirely

responsible for controlling creativity or logic?

Methods of Studying the Brain• How did scientists gain much of their earlier

understanding of the brain?• Which methods of studying the brain involve the

damaging of a brain and which do not?• What new technology has assisted scientists in

their use of lesions to study the brain?• What can be inferred about the hypothalamus

based on scientists’ experiments with rats?

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

(“Normal Awake EEG”)

(“RWS in EEG harness”)

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)

(McCollough)

(“CAT Scans”)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

http://www.tcd.ie/courses/undergraduate/az/course.php?id=94

http://hubpages.com/hub/The-6-Types-of-Psychiatric-Drugs

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2008_Groups/group07/Parkinsons.html

http://petcincinnati.com/

Functional MRI (fMRI)

http://www.mtbeurope.info/news/2005/508012.htm

http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/education/fmri/images/sagittal_scan.jpg/view

Methods of Studying the Brain• Do you believe that scientists should destroy parts

of animals’ brains as part of their research on the functions of the brain?

• Which type of scan involves injecting a person with radioactive sugar?

• How would you rank scans among the different methods of studying the brain?

How does the brain do all of this??• The brain is able to function effectively because of

all of the support it receives from other parts of the body– Blood vessels carry nutrients and oxygen– Bones of the skull and three layers of membranes

protect it– Fluid surrounds it, acting as a shock absorber

Psychology Videos

• Psychology Video: Brain Exercising• Psychology Video: A High-Tech Brain

Works CitedAmerican Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of

Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2000.

“CAT Scans.” Digital Image. Match Central: Math Beyond School and Univeristy of Regina, n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2010. <http://mathcentral.uregina.ca/beyond/articles/Medicine/CATscan.html>

McCollough, Cynthia. “CT Scans: Weighing the benefits and risks.” The Sunday Paper. sundaypaper.com, 13 April 2008. Web. 17 Oct. 2o1o <http://www.sundaypaper.com/More/Archives/tabid/98/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/2122/CT-scans.aspx>

“Normal Awake EEG.” Digital Image. n.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. <http://www2.massgeneral.org/childhoodepilepsy/medical/diagnosis-popup_normal.htm>.

“RWS in EEG Harness.” Photograph. The Lab’s EEG/ERP Research. n.p., n.d. Web. 12 Oct. 2010. <http://people.brandeis.edu/~sekuler/eegERP.html>.