6- wireless telegraph oddities - americanradiohistory.com · 2019-07-17 · and blue skies, though...

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No. 3.9

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Monthly (10 issues yearly) December 1972

FORMERLY NAMED:

P. O. Box 12

EDITOR: q UyryeziairtgletAA)-

THE ANTIQUE RADIO AND PHONOGRAPH NEWS NOW NAMED:

Wireless Telegraph Oddities BY SIGNOR GUGLIELMO MARCONI.

(187411937).

"On Nov. 27, 1901, I left for New- foundland with two , assistants. As ít was impossible at .that time of the year to set up a permanent installation with poles, I decided to carry out the experi-, ments by means of receivers connected. to elevated wires supported, by balloons or , kites-a 'system which I had ,previ- ously used when conducting tests across the Bristol Channel for the British Post Office in 1897.

"It will be understood, however, that when it came to flying a kite on the coast of Newfoundland in December, this method was neither an easy nor a com-

5908

fortable one. ' When the ' kites were got up, much difficulty . was caused by the variations of the wind producing con-. stant changes in the angle and altitude of the wire, thereby causing correspond- ing variations in its electrical capacity and period of electrical resonance.

Continued on page 2

Kleberg, Texas 75145'

:9

6-

off the Record. The mechanical :system of recording "cute the records

with a style of sound that has a beauty of its own person--. alitye The. picture and text below, which describe the mechanical system should be interesting to The Horn Speaker readers., who are not familiar with the old method of recording sound or refreshing to record enthusiasts, who are familiar with the. method'..

íN11 OIL' VET'HOD'

How RECORDS ARE MADE FOR THE PUBLIC

Although the principle of the phonograph is now well known, the art of making records is deliberately shrouded in mystery. The particular composition of the wax-!ike "master" employed by a manufacturer is kept a profound secret. Few "outsiders" are permitted to see even the making -of a record-certainly no one connected with a rival company. The proceeding is complex and calls for much skill, technical knowledge, and experience.

Imagine a great tenor, a popular operatic idol, about to immortalize his rendering of Verdi's "Celeste Aida." Before him is the mouth of a horn; behind him the orchestra. Even he does not see the actual recording equipment; for the small end of the horn is located either behind a curtain or a partition. The musicians are poised between heaven and earth, for some of them sit on shelf -like benches, so that their heads are not far from the ceiling. So cramped are the quarters that often they assume positions at which a concert audience would gasp in amazement. For example, the trombonists sometimes turn their backs to the conductor; they follow_him by keeping their eyes glued on mirrors by which his expressive beating of time is reflected: The loud instruments-the ponderous brasses-

"i71R.a.,t'SS ovDiTI&S"

"My assistants at Poldhu, in Cornwall, England, had received instructions to send on and after December 1'1, during certain hours every day, a succession of .'S's' followed by a short message, the whole to be transmitted at a certain prearranged speed every ten minutes, alter- nating with five minutes' rest.

"On December 12 the signals transmitted from Cornwall were clearly received at the prearranged times, in many cases a succession of 'S's' being heard distinctly, although, probably in consequence of the weakness of the signals and the constant variations in the height of the receiving aerial, no actual message could be deciphered.

"The following day we were able to confirm the result. The signals were actually read by myself and by my as- sistant; Mr. G. S. Kemp.

"The result obtained, although achieved with imperfect apparatus, was sufficient to convince me and

, my co-

workers that by means of permanent stations-that is, stations not dependent on kites or balloons for sustaining the elevated conductor-and by the employ- ment of more power in the transmitters it would be possible- to send messages. across the Atlantic Ocean with the same facility with which they were being sent over much shorter distances.

"About two months later, in Febru- ary, 1902, further tests were carried out between Poldhu and a receiving station on board the American liner Philadel- phia en route from Southampton to -New York. The sending apparatus at Poldhu was the same as1 that used for the New- foundland experiments. The receiving aerial on the ship was fixed to the main- mast; the top of which was 6o meters (197 feet) above sea level.

"As the elevated conductor was fixed and not floating about with a kite,. as in the case of the Newfoundland experiments, good results were obtained on a syntonic receiver, and the signals were all recorded on tape by the ordinary Morse recorder.

"On the- Philadelphia readable mes-

nate from the sun are largely absorbed in the upper atmosphere of the earth, it is probable that the portion of the earth's atmosphere which is facing the sun will contain more ions or electrons than that portion which is in darkness, and therefore, as Prof. J. J. Thomson has shown, tnis illuminated and ionized aír will absorb some of the energy of the electric waves.

"The, fact remains that clear sunlight and blue skies, though transparent. Ito

light, act as a' kind of fog to powerful hertzian waves. Hence the weather conditions prevailing in this country are usually suitable for long-distance wireless telegraphy.

"The operation of the long-distance stations in England and America made it possible to transmit messages .to ships, whatever their position, between Europe and North -America, and to the Cunard Company belong the credit of having greatly encouraged the long-distance tests, a circumstance which enabled them to commence, in- June, 1904, -the regular publication on their principal vessels of a daily newspaper, containing telegraphic messages of the latest news from Europe and America. .

"This daily newspaper has now been adopted -by nearly all . the large liners plying to New York and the Mediterra- nean, and it obviously owes its entire ex- istence to long-distance wireless telegraphy.

"In some of my earliest experiments in 1896'I used copper mirrors, by the aid of which it was possible to project a beam of. electric radiation in a certain direction, but I soon found that this method would only work over short distances.

"About three years ago I ' again =took up the subject, and was able to deter- miné that by means of horizontal aerials, disposed in .a particular manner, it was possible to confine. the effects of electric waves mainly to. certain directions as dé - sired.. True,' the 'limitation of transmission to one direction is not very sharply defined, but it is nevertheless very useful.

"The practical result of this method has , been so far that messages can be sent, over considerable distances in the

TDA9 ?Tr]rttt cN»;I]2 nª.,o.o . '.

Colin B. Kennedy Model

VI J

(Left) Marconi and his two assistants, Mr. G. S. Kemp and Mr. P.

W. Paget '

In a display of vintage radios the "Kennedy" model VI will assert itself like a lily among sundry flowers. The half-. exposed tubes and the gold plat- ed trim shine on the simulat- ed wood panel in gleaming splendor.

The model VI is seldom seen in collections, making it a rare receiver. It is difficult to locate a picture of it, unlike the model V, in old radio magazines. The only place I have been able to find an old illustration of it is in the March 1925 Radio Na=:'s Radio Set Directory.

This radio has the dist- inction of having three stages of audio amplification. How often anyone ever pushed the the speaker plug into the last stage jack would be interesting to know. In the model VI, I operated, the last stage of amplification was high in dis-' tortion, which vas a symptom that discouraged most set manufacturers to try three stages of amplification.

continued on page 2

.

.

A scene at St. John's, Newfoundland, showing Senatore Marconi's 'arrangement for using a 1<ite to support the antenna which he used in his first experiments. (Left) The kite itself.

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MAKING A PHONOGRAPH RECORD.

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are always placed in the rear so that their metallic blare may not drown out the finer tone of the strings, which are always to be found in front. The tenor soars up and down the scale directly into the yawning mouth of the horn. He gives his full- throated best; for he knows not only that his .rendition of "Celeste Aida" will be heard by thousands, perhaps by millions, but that the luscious . top notes, upon which his reputation hangs, will be compared with the equally luscious top notes of other tenors who have sung "Celeste Aida" into the phonograph before. him, .and who will sing it into a recording -horn years after he is dead.

Reprint: A Popular History of American Invention, Waldemar baempf fart , pages 462-463, A. L. Burt Company, New York, 1924,.

"iKENNEDY" Model V1 continued from front page

The four jacks, which permit the operator to choose the stage he wants can be seen clearly in the accomp- anying schematic.

The features of the model VI can be summed up as having one dial tuning --one large dial for select- ing the desired station, the other large one to control sound volume. One small knob is for filament strength control and the other small knob is provided for fine tuning.

sages were received -from Poldhu up to a distance of 1,551 miles, 'S's' and other' test letters as far as 2,099 miles.

"The tape records of the signals are in my possession, and some of them are.. here exhibited to -night. The distances at which they were received are all verified and countersigned by ?the Captain and chief officer of the ship, who were present during the tests.

"A result of some scientific interest, which I first noticed during the tests on the Steamship Philadelphia, was the very marked effect of sunlight ón the propa- gation of electric waves over great distances.

"At the time. of these tests I was of the. opinion that this effect might have

.

been due to the loss of energy at the .transmitter. by daytime, 'caused by the diselectrification of. the highly charged transmitting elevated conductor operated by the influence 'of sunlight. I am now inclined to believe that the absorption of electric waves during daytime is due tó the ionization of the gaseous molecules of the air affecte-1 by ultra -violet. light, and as the ultra -violet 'rays which ema

THE DIRECTORY of Antique Radio Collectors will be available after January 1, 1973. Write

to: James Fred, R. 1, Cutler,

Ind. 46920 for details.

VV I.2e- II

This is a fun set for collectors. It is easy to display in op- erating condition almost anywhere II {

an antenna is.available. The bat- teries for it can he contained in its o

+ A 21 .cabinet.

only a comparatively short distance .us other directions, ±and 'that, with aerials of moderate ;height, -greater' efficiency in a given direction can be obtained than can be obtained 'all round by means of the ordinary 'aerials.

"When this type of aerial was adopted at Glace Bay, a considerable strengthen- ing of the received signals at Poldhu was noticed. It was, therefore, decided to adopt the directional aerial at all long- distance stations.

"A further improvement introduced at Clifden and Glace Bay consisted in the adoption of air condensers, composed of 'insulated metallic plates suspended iñ air ,at ordinary pressure: In this mari- ner it is 'possible to prevent the dissi- pation of energy due to losses caused by the dielectric of the condensers previous- ly employed, and a very appreciable economy in working, resulting from the absence of. breakages of the dielectric is effected, These air condensers, which have been in use since May of last year; have been' entirely satisfactory.

WE REPAIR; rebuild, re- store antique radios and cabinets. Send discription of equipment for free est- imate. Bob Lucas, 9014 Wiahoning St., Houston TX. 77036.

-A

bta

MODEL- 6 TYPE -420

"After considerable time and expense -Ile new station at Clifden was got ready for tests by the end of May, í9o7, and experiments were then commenced with space Bay.

"The messages can now. be . transmit- .ed across the Atlantic by day as well is by night, but thereustill exist certain )eriods, fortunately of short duration, vhen transmission across the Atlantic is lifficult, and at times ineffective unless n .amount of energy greater than that ised ' during what I might call normal onditions is employed.

"Thus in the morning and evening, Men, due to the difference in longitude, aylight or darkness extends only part f the way across' the Atlantic, the re-, eived signals are weak and sometimes ease altogether_ "It , would almost appear as if illu-

linated space possessed for electric 'aves a 'different refractive index to ,.rk space, and that in consequence the ectric waves may be refracted and re- e.cted in passing from one medium to .e other.. It is, therefore, probable that ese difficulties would not .be experi- iced in telegraphing over equal dis- nces from north or south, .or vice :rsa, as in this case the passage from .yligbt to darkness would occur almost nultaneously in the whole of the me- al between the two points. "In the 'same manner .a storm área in e path of the signals often brings about

OID P.AD IO F M. SO NkLI T D;S

RADIO DIAL, Jury 18, 1935 and. June 13, 1935

Major's Youngest Amateur

considerable weakening of the received A tough hombre from tIves, while if stormy conditions pre -five -year -old Eddie, seated on Major Bowes' knee. He's she it all the way across the Atlantic no youngest to perform on the Major's NBC Amateur Hour. :erference is noticeable. Electric wave adows, like sound shadows, may be rmed by the interference of reflected ,

.ves with the direct waves, whereby nals may be much less effective or im- ceptible in the area of such electric ve shadow. 'In the same manner as there exist iods when signals across the Atlantic

unusually weak, there exist other editions, especially at' night, which ke the signals abnormally strong. us on many occasions ships and sta- rs equipped with apparatus of a nor - 1 range of 200 mies have been able communicate over distances of over

out West - West Norwich, Conn. - is

still a matter of conjecture, but in my opinion it rests a good deal on what the cables can do in the way of cheaper rates.

"Whatever may be the view as to its shortcomings and defects, there can be no doubt that wireless telegraphy across the Atlantic has come to stay, and will not only stay but continue to advance.

"Cable telegraphy across the Atlantic was subjected at the commencement to a series of discouraging failures' and dis- appointments, but whatever its difficulties I think I am not unjust in saying that it enjoyed one advantage over wire -

Fibber's Idea of a Joy Ride

Fibber McGee (Jim Jordan.), tin -can' tourist, steps on the gas' on hie streamlined' auto during the Fibber McGee and Molly program. The wash -boiler contraption constitutes the sound effects counterpart of a Tin-Lizzie.

oL.the.'Air Looks like ne have

another first. Acci riling to news received from tha Society of Wireless P'io- neers Bulletin -32, Stat- ion KQIr opperated. by Charles Harrold in San Jose is called the first broadcast station in the. U. S. It rent on the air in 1909 the source: said.

The above information as. well as displays: about Dry Lae deForest will be exhibited at the Space Science Center, Foothill Collage, Los Altos Hills, California. Ken Eíchardson, editora of the DeForest Pioneers, said- that 'the museum will open 3-n January 1973

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The Victor I advertised in 1909 at $25.00 w -,s a good buy.

In the sume yewr Victor sold phonographs from a0.90 to :250.OU.

The Victor V with an exalted horn was constrmcted of quartered

oak and cost 60.`l0. Tha Victor I is a fcvorite on which to

play old disc records and savor the original recording style of

Ferrar's old records.

CIl

i

orre

spon

d w

ith a

noth

er i

n th

e M

edi-

an

ean.

B

ut

the

impo

rtan

t fa

ctor

ut

wir

eles

s te

legr

aphy

is

th

at a

se

r -

esta

blis

hed

for

a' c

erta

in d

ista

nce

11

be

able

to

mai

ntai

n re

liabl

e co

rn-

nica

tion

over

tha

t di

stan

ce.

The

er

ectio

n io

f lo

ng-d

ista

nce

sta-

rs

fo

r th

e pu

rpos

e.

of

tele

grap

hing

os

s th

e A

tlant

ic

met

at

th

e ou

tset

h

the

seve

re

criti

cism

of

a

cert

ain

')ort

ant

sect

ion

of

the

Eng

lish

tech

- al

pr

ess,

w

hich

, al

thou

gh o

ne

wou

ld

igin

e it

exis

ted

for

the

purp

ose

of e

n -

¡rag

ing

and

prom

otin

g th

e pr

ogre

ss o

f zt

rica

l - sc

ienc

e an

d in

dust

ry,

alw

ays

med

..mor

e 'in

clin

ed

to

cham

pion

th

e -t

icul

ar

inte

rest

s of

th

e ca

ble

com

- 'd

es.

`VV

ithou

't w

ishi

ng

to

ente

r in

to

any

itrov

ersy

on

this

poi

nt,

I ve

ntur

e to

ed

ict

that

. so

me

of t

he s

tate

men

ts p

ub -

led

with

re

fere

nce

to

long

-dis

tanc

e el

ess

tele

grap

hy w

ill m

ake

very

am

us-

read

ing

in a

few

ye

ars

to c

ome.

`-

Lon

g-di

stan

ce

stat

ions

ar

e no

w

in

arse

of

er

ectio

n in

m

any

part

s of

th

e ir

ld,

the

mos

t po

wer

ful

of

all

bein

g it

of

the

Ital

ian

Gov

ernm

ent

at

Col

- ic

), an

d I

have

not

the

slig

htes

t do

ubt

at

tele

grap

hy

thro

ugh

spac

e w

ill

soon

in

a

posi

tion

of

affo

rdin

g co

mm

uni-

tio

n be

twee

n di

stan

t co

untr

ies

at

eape

r ra

tes

than

ca

n be

ob

tain

ed

by

y ot

her

mea

ns.

"As

to .

the

prac

ticab

ility

of

w

irel

ess

legr

aphy

w

orki

ng

over

lo

ng .

dist

ance

s ch

as

th

at'

sepa

ratin

g' E

ngla

nd

from

ne

rica

, th

ere

is

no l

onge

r ne

ed

for

and

ubt.

Alth

ough

the

sta

tions

ha

ve b

een

1rke

d fo

r on

ly a

few

ho

urs

daily

, 11

9,-

5 w

ords

of

pres

s an

d co

mm

erci

al m

es-

ges

had

been

tr

ansm

itted

ac

ross

the

jean

by

th

is

mea

ns

up

to

the

end

of

:bru

ary

last

, si

nce

the

serv

ice

was

'e

ned.

"T

he

best

ju

dges

of

a

serv

ice

are

ose

who

ha

ve

mad

e us

e of

it,

an

d to

ng n

ewsp

aper

s th

e ch

ief

user

s ha

ve

en th

e N

ew Y

ork

Tim

es a

nd t

ile L

on-

'',

Tim

es,

whi

ch h

ave

alre

ady

publ

icly

pr

esse

d th

eir

opin

ion

of

this

ne

w

trod

of

co

mm

unic

atio

n.

'Whe

ther

the

ne

w

tele

grap

hy

will

or

ill

no

t in

jure

or

disp

lace

th

e ca

bles

is

less

te

legr

aphy

, na

mel

y, t

hat

it w

as f

ree

from

th

e na

tura

l ho

stili

ty' o

f ve

sted

in-

te

rest

s re

pres

entin

g ov

er

sixt

y m

illio

ns

ster

ling,

no

w

inve

sted

in

ca

bles

, w

hich

ri

ghtly

or

wro

ngly

con

side

r lo

ng-d

ista

nce

' te

legr

aphy

as

men

acin

g th

eir

inte

rest

s.

"In

seve

n ye

ars

the

usef

ul

rang

e 'o

f w

irel

ess

has

incr

ease

d fr

om z

oó t

o 2,

500

mile

s.

In v

iew

of

tha

t fa

ct,

he

will

be

a

bold

pro

phet

who

will

ven

ture

to.

affi

rm

wha

t m

ay

not

be

done

in

se

ven

year

s m

ore.

"A

mon

g m

any

peop

le t

here

se

ems

'to

be

a ro

oted

' co

nvic

tion

that

W

irel

ess

tele

grap

hy

is n

ot

suita

ble

for

the

hand

- lin

g of

cod

e or

cip

her.

mes

sage

s'.

Wha

t-

ever

gav

e ri

se t

o th

is i

dea

I do

net

kno

w,

but

I w

ish

'to e

mph

asiz

e th

at i

t is

pur

ely

fict

itiou

s.

Cod

e m

essa

ges

can

be

sent

ju

st a

s w

ell

by

wir

eles

s as

' by

or

dina

ry -

met

hods

of

te

legr

aphy

. "I

do

not

wis

h to

cla

im

that

w

irel

ess

tele

grap

hy i

s in

falli

ble,

an

d al

thou

gh e

r-

rors

do

so

met

imes

. oc

cur

it is

abs

olut

ely

cert

ain

that

, ha

ving

reg

ard

to t

he

Lon

- do

n an

d M

ontr

eal

serv

ice,

m

ost

of

the

mis

take

s ca

n be

tr

aced

to

the

la

nd

line

tele

grap

h tr

ansm

issi

on

betw

een

Lon

don

and

Clif

den,

and

bet

wee

n G

lace

Bay

and

M

ontr

eal.

"I

find

, ho

wev

er,

that

pr

obab

ly

the

grea

test

ig

nora

nce

-pre

vails

in

rega

rd

to

wha

t is

te

rmed

`ta

ppin

g,' o

r in

terc

eptin

g,

wir

eles

s m

essa

ges.

N

o te

legr

aph

syst

em

is

secr

et.

The

co

nten

ts

of

ever

y te

le-

gram

ar

e kn

own

to e

very

op

erat

or '

who

ha

ndle

s it.

"N

ever

thel

ess,

the

re

are'

pen

altie

s at

- ta

ched

to

th

e ta

ppin

g of

a

tele

grap

h w

ire,

and

it

ough

t to

be

as

w

ell

know

n th

at;

sinc

e th

e pa

ssin

g of

th

e W

irel

ess

Tel

egra

phy

act

in

Eng

land

, th

ere

are

pena

lties

in

volv

ed

if

any

wir

eles

s st

a-'

tions

are

ere

cted

or

wor

ked

with

out

the

cons

ent

of t

he P

ostm

aste

r -G

ener

al.

"In

conc

lusi

on

I m

ay

say

that

I

am

very

con

fide

nt t

hat

it is

onl

y a

ques

tion

of

time,

an

d no

t a

very

lo

ng

time,

be

fore

w

irel

ess

tele

grap

hy

over

gr

eat.

dist

ance

s;

poss

ibly

'ro

und

the

wor

ld,

will

be

com

e an

in

disp

ensa

ble

aid'

to

;c

om-

mer

ce

and

civi

lizat

ion.

" Pa

per

read

be

fore

th

e R

oyal

In

stitu

tion.

Editor's Note --The text of

'Wireless Telegraph Oddities';'as

reprinted from the May

1908

issue

of Modern Electrics.

TRIPLE' DETECTOic.

Her

e is

a

diag

ram

of

a detector with

which

I ha

ve h

ad ve

ry g

ood

resu

lts.

It

is

a Pe

riko

n si

licon

an

d el

ectr

olyt

ic d

e-

tect

or.

I th

ink

the

illus

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At the time "Wireless

Te le gr aph Oddities" was

published in the: May 1908

issue of Modern Elactr?cs

David Sarnoff had been

working for two years at

the 9 -year -old American

Marconi Wireless Telegraph

Company.

The' president

of the company was James

W. Griggs, formerly a gov-

ernor of Nev Jersey,

John Bctto:nly was general

managers

Press messages

sent by wireless accross

the Atlantic were

5 cents

a word, priced in 1907.

Ordinary messages con 10

cents a words

Cable

price vas 25 cents a word.

BUIII

)10 !RECEIVER

om h:DDII'_N ELECZRICS,

Sept. 1910

MS.

-Fig

- 2-

teri

es.

One

of

the

cups

of

the

Peri

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ctor

is

sold

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to

the

sc

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th

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her

is

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to

th

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si

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cup

is

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the

bas

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min

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are

sold

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in.

T

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up i

s ta

ken

from

the

ba

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w

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carb

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in.

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the

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cup

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a /-

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.

YOU ONLY HAVE.

WIRELES HERE.YOU

DON'T HAVE RADIO

DO

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? -?

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22

Tbi1f MD/O PROGRAMS sy rr5r- !yU/t/DREDS... . 'RfEL TO

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WANTED to buy all types of 'phonographs Edison,

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Also we are interested in one item or complete collections. Please

send photo, description, and price wanted first

letter to; G. W. MacKinnon,

453 Stando Avenue,

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28206.

ftDRcs PHONO AD S FOR JANUARY

TKO P..0. Box 12

Kleberg, Texas 75145

POSTMASTER: if twdeliverable return requested

Moael 4052

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PAID PERMIT NO. 1

P

'} Price: $3.00 yearly , Single issue 50e Classified Ads ... 8¢ per word , Display Ads ... Send for information

No. 59 Monthly (10 issues yearly) December 1972 P. O. Box 12 kleberg, Texas 75145

EDITOR: FORMERLY NAMED: C!

THE ANTIQUE RADIO AND PHONOGRAPH NEWS NOW NAMED:

¿ti

,<<.

% )ni

.,,

Wireless Telegroph _Oddities By SIGNOR GUGLIELMO

(187411937). ' '

' i.i Trir 1:. ,

"On Nov. 27, 1901, I, left for New fortab1e one. ' When the kites were got foundland with, ,two assistants: As it I 'up; much'''difliéulty. was: caused by the was impossible at .that time of the year váriátiotis` of the wind' producing con - to set up a permanent installation with stant'cháttges'in' the angle and altitude poles, I decided to carry out the experi, of. the wil'h,`thereby, cá_Lasing correspond- ments by means of receivers connected. ing variátions hi itg electrical capacity to elevated wires supported by balloons : and -period of 'electrical resonance.

I or , kites-a 'system which I had previ-' ously used when conducting tests across Continued on page 2

the Bristol Channel for ,the Britjsh, Post .'' ` ` ' "I J "'`1`: Office in 1897.

.t,,.,,

-"It will be understood, however, thati, when it carne to flying a kite on the coast of Newfoundland in December, this method was neither an easy nor a corn-

.;

1903

.... -I,.;.. .1 , -,_ ,

(Left) Marconi and his two assistants, 'Mr. G. S. Kemp and Mr. P. , W. Paget

Colin B. Kennedy'' Model

VI In a display of vintage '

radios the "Kennedy" model VI will assert itself like a lily among sundry flowers. The half -

exoased tubes and the ',gold plat ed trim shine on the simulat- ed wood panel in,gleaming splendor.

The model VI is seldom seen in collections, making it a rare receiver. It is difficult to locate. a -picture -

of it, unlike. the módel- V, in '

old radio magazines. The only _place I have been able to, ,,. find an old illustration of it is in the March 1925 Radio 11a:'s1 Radio Set Directory. 1

This radió has the_dist- inction of having_ three ;sta es of audio amplification. ,How often anyone ever pushed the {'

the speaker plug into the last stage jack wouldle interest ing to know. In the m6ó31 ví.; I operated, the last stage of amplification teas --high tortion, which 'vas a symptom that discouraged most set; , ` manufacturers to try three _

stages of amplification.

continued on .page 2

e'

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A scene at St. John's, Newfoundland, showing Senatore Marconi's 'arrangement for using a kite to support the antenna which he used in his first experiments. (Lett) The kite itself.

S.

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, - ` _

-

rs a °

off the Record. The mechanical system of recording "cut" the records

with a style of sound that has a beauty of its own person-. ality. The picture and text below, which describe the mechanical system should be interesting to The Horn Speaker readers., who are not familiar with the old method of recording sound or refreshing to record enthusiasts, who are familiar with the method..

i OLD

How RECORDS ARE MADE FOR THE PUBLIC

Although the principle of the phonograph is now well known, the art of making records is deliberately shrouded in mystery. The particular composition of the wax -like "master" employed by a manufacturer is kept a profound secret. Few "outsiders" are permitted to see even the making of a record-certainly no one connected with a rival company. The proceeding is complex and calls for much skill, technical knowledge, and experience.

Imagine a great tenor, a popular operatic idol, about to immortalize his rendering of Verdi's "Celeste Aida." Before him is the mouth of a horn; behind him the orchestra. Even he does not see the actual recording equipment; for the small end of the horn .is located either behind a curtain or a partition. The musicians are poised between heaven and earth, for some of them sit on shelf -like benches, so that their heads are not far from the ceiling. So cramped are the quarters that often they assume positions at which a concert audience would gasp in amazement. For example, the trombonists sometimes turn their backs to the conductor; they follow him by keeping their eyes glued on mirrors by which his expressive beating of time is reflected: The loud instruments-the ponderous brasses-

MAKING A PHONOGRAPH RECORD.

are always placed in the rear so that their metallic blare may not drown out the finer tone of the strings, which are always to be found in front. The tenor soars up and down the scale directly into the yawning mouth of the horn. He gives his full- throated best; for he knows not only that his .rendition of "Celeste Aida" will be heard by thousands, perhaps by millions, but that the luscious top notes, upon which his reputation hangs, will be compared with the equally luscious top notes of other tenors who have sung "Celeste Aida" into the phonograph before- him, and who will sing it into a recording -horn years after he is dead.

Reprint: A Popular History of American Invention, Waldemar Kaempffert, pages 462-463, A. L. Burt Company, New York, 1924..

"KENNEDY" Mb del l V1 continued from front page

The four jacks, which permit the operator to choose the stage he wants can be seen clearly in the accomp- anying schematic.

The features of the model VI can be summed up as having one dial tuning --one large dial for select--. ing the desired station, the other large one to control sound volume. One small knob is for filament strength control and the other small knob is provided for fine tuning.

This is a fun set for collect - I

ors. It is easy to display in op- ^ erating condition almost anywhere an antenna is available. The bat-

teries for it can he contained in its

_cabi net.

" WiR. ., SS ODD ITL?.S"

"My assistants at Poldhu, in Cornwall, England, had received instructions to send on .and after December I1, during, certain hours every -day, a succession of .`S's' followed by a short message, the whole to be transmitted at a certain prearranged speed every ten minutes, alter- nating with five minutes' rest.

"On December 12 the signals transmitted from Cornwall were .clearly received at the prearranged times, in many cases a . succession of 'S's' being heard distinctly, although, probably in consequence . of the weakness of the signals and the constant variations in the height of the receiving aerial, no actual message could be deciphered.

"The following day we were able to confirm the result. The signals were actually read by myself and by my as- sistant; Mr. G. S. Kemp.

"The result obtained, . although achieved with imperfect apparatus, was sufficient to convince me and my co- workers that by means of permanent stations-that is, stations not dependent on kites or balloons for. sustaining the elevated conductor-and by the employ- ment of more power in the transmitters

. it would be possible to send messages.. across the Atlantic Ocean with the same facility with which .they were being sent over much shorter distances.

"About two months later, in' Febru- ary, 1902, further tests were 'carried out between Poldhu 'and a receiving station on board the American liner Philadel- phia en route from Southampton' to New York. The sending apparatus at Poldhu was the same as that used for the New- foundland experiments. The receiving aerial on the ship was 'fixed to the main- mast, the top of which was 6o meters (197 feet) above sea level.

"As the elevated conductor was fixed and not floating about with a kite, as in the case of the Newfoundland experiments, good results were obtained on a syntonic receiver, and the signals were all recorded on tape by the ordinary Morse recorder.

"On the' Philadelphia readable messages were received from Poldhu up to a distance of .1,551 miles, 'S's' and other 'test letters as far as 2,099 miles.

"The tape 'records of the signals are in my possession, and some of them are.. here exhibited to -night. The distances at which they were received are all verified and countersigned by /the Captain and chief 'officer of . the ship, who were present during the tests.

"A result of some scientific interest, which I first noticed during the tests on the Steamship Philadelphia, was the very marked effect of 'sunlight an the propa- gation of electric waves over great distances.

"At the time. of these tests I was of the. opinion that this effect might have been due to the loss of energy at the .transmitter. by daytime, 'caused by the diselectrification of. the highly charged transmitting elevated conductor operated by the influence of sunlight:. I am now 'inclined to believe that the absorption of electric waves during daytime is due tó the ionization of the gaseous molecules' of the air affect: -f by ultra -violet. light, and as the ultra -violet 'rays which emu -

THE D IRECTORT of Antique Rad to

Collectors will be available after January 1, 1973. Write

to: James Fred, R. 1, Cutler,

Ind. 46920 for details.

nate from the sun are largely absorbed in the upper atmosphere of the earth, it is probable that the portion of the earth's atmosphere which is facing the sun will contain more ions or electrons than that portion which is in darkness, and therefore, as Prof. J. J. Thomson has shown, tnis illuminated and ionized 'air will absorb some of the energy of the electric waves.

"The . fact remains that clear sunlight and blue' skies, though transparent, to light, act as a kind of fog to powerful hertzian waves. Hence 'tee weather conditions prevailing in this country are usually suitable for long-distance wireless telegraphy.

"The operation of the long-distance stations in England and America made it possible to transmit messages to ships, 'whatever their position, between Europe and North -America, and to the Cunard Company. belong the credit of having greatly encouraged the long-distance tests, a circumstance which enabled them to commence, in -June, 1904, the regular publication on their principal vessels of a daily newspaper, containing telegraphic messages of the latest news from Europe and America. .

"This daily newspaper has now been adopted by. nearly all . the large liners plying to New York and the Mediterra- nean, and it obviously owes its entire ex- istence to long-distance wireless telegraphy.

"In some of my earliest, experiments in -1896,1 used copper mirrors, by the aid of which it was possible to project a beam of. electric radiation in a certain direction, but I soon found that this methodwould only work over short distances.

"About three years ago I again `took up the subject,' and was able to deter- miné than by means of horizontal aerials, disposed- in ..a particular manner, it was, possible to Confine the effects of electric waves mainly to certain directions as desired.. True,. the 'limitation of transmission to one direction is not very sharply defined, but it is nevertheless very useful

"The practical result of this methoc has been so far that messages can b( Sent. over considerable distances in .th. desired directions, while they, travel ove only a comparatively short distanceTil other 'directions, 'and 'that, with aerial of moderate ,height, -greater- efficiency ii

á given direction can be obtained thai can be obtained 'all round by Means o the ordinary aerials.

"When this type of aerial was adopte' at Glace Bay, a considerable strengthen ing of the received signals at Poldhu wa noticed. It was, therefore, decided t adopt the directional aerial at all long distance stations.

"A further improvement introduced 1.

Clif den and Glace Bay consisted in th adoption of air condensers, composed c 'insulated metallic plates suspended 1

air,at ordinary pressure: In this mar ner. it is «possible to prevent the diss pation of energy due to losses caused b the dielectric of the condensers previous ly employed, and a very appreciab: economy in working, resulting from ti absence of. breakages of the dielectric, effected. These air condensers, whic have been in use since May of last yea have been, entirely satisfactory.

Duside '$eeondary

Inside ¡Primary

o +A 21

WE REPAIR, rebuild, re- store antique radios and cabinets. Send discription of equipment for free est- imate. Bob Lucas, 9014 Mahoning St., Houston TX. 77036.

l

b+e

MODEL- 6 TYPE -420

"After considerable time and expense the new station at Clifden was got ready for tests by the end of May, 19o7, and experiments were then *commenced with Glace Bay.

"The messages can now. be . transmitted across the Atlantic by day as well as by night, but thera,still exist certain periods, fortunately of short duration, when transmission across the Atlantic is difficult, . and at times ineffective unless an amount of energy greater than . that úsed during what I might Call normal conditions is employed.

"Thus in the morning and evening, when, due to the difference in longitude, daylight or darkness extends only part of the way across' the Atlantic, the re-, ceived signals' are weak and sometimes cease altogether.

"It would almost appear as if illuminated space possessed for electric waves a ''different refractive index to dark space, and that in consequence the electric waves may be. refracted' and reflected in passing from, one medium to the other. It is, therefore, probable that these difficulties would not be experi- enced in telegraphing over equal distances from north or south, .or vice versa, as in this case the passage from .

daylight to darkness would occur almost simultaneously in the whole of the medium between the two points.

"In the same manner a storm area in the path of the signals 'often brings about a considerable weakening of the 'received waves, while if stormy conditions pre- vail all the way across the Atlantic no interference is noticeable. Electric wave shadows, like sound shadows, may be formed by the interference of reflected waves with the direct waves, whereby signals may be much less effective or im- perceptible in the area of such electric wave shadow. .

"In 'the same manner as there exist periods when signals across the Atlantic are unusually weak, there exist other conditions, especially at' night, which make -the signals abnormally strong. Thus on many occasions ships and stations equipped with apparatus of a nor - 'ma] range of 200 miles have been able to communicate over distances of over z,ovu. This occurred recently, when a ship in the English Channel was able to correspond with another in the Medi- terranean. But the important factor about wireless telegraphy is that a service established for a certain distance shall be able to maintain reliable communication over that distance.

"The erection .of long-distance stations for the purpose of telegraphing across the Atlantic met at the outset with the severe criticism of a certain important section of the English technical press, which, although one ' would irnagine it existed for the purpose of en- couraging and promoting the progress of electrical science and industry, always seemed .more 'inclined to champion the particular interests of the 'cable com-

i panies. "Without wishing to enter into any

_ontroversy on this point, I venture to predict that' some of the statements published with reference to long-distance wireless telegraphy will make very amus- ing reading in a few years to come.

"Long-distance stations are now in course of erection in many parts ofthe world, the most powerful of all being that of the Italian Government at Col- tano, and I have not the slightest doubt that telegraphy through space will soon be in a position of affording communication between distant countries at cheaper rates than can be obtained by any other means.

"As to .the practicability of wireless telegraphy working over long .distances such as that- separating' England from America, there is no longer need for any doubt. Although the stations have been worked for only a few hours daily, 119,- 945 words of press and commercial messages had been transmitted across the ocean by this means up to the end of February last, since the service -was opened.

"The best judges of a service are those who have made use of it, and among newspapers the chief users have been the New York Times and the Lon- don Times, es, which have already publicly expressed their opinion of this new mttnod of communication.

"Whether the new telegraphy will or will not injure or displace the cables is

OLD PAD IO FERSCIVILITIYS

RADIO DIAL, July 18, 1935 and. Jima 13, 1935

Major's Youngest Amateur

A tough hombre from out West - West Norwich, Conn. - is five -year -old Eddie, seated on Major Bowes' knee. He's the youngest to perform on the Major's NBC Amateur Hour.

still a matter of conjecture, but in my opinion it rests a good deal on what the cables can do in the way of cheaper rates.

"Whatever may be the view as to its shortcomings and defects, there can be no doubt that wireless telegraphy across the Atlantic has come to stay, and will not only stay but continue to advance.

"Cable telegraphy across the Atlantic was subjected at the commencement to a series of discouraging failures' and dis- appointments, but whatever its difficulties I think I am not unjust in saying that it enjoyed one advantage over wireless telegraphy, nangely, that it was free from the natural hostility' of vested interests representing over sixty millions sterling, now invested in cables, which rightly or wrongly consider long-distance telegraphy as menacing their interests.

"In seven years the useful range, of wireless has increased from 206 to 2,500 miles. In view of that fact, he will be a bold prophet who will venture to.affiirm what may not be done in seven years more.

"Among many people there seems 'to be a rooted conviction that Wireless telegraphy is not suitable for the hand- ling of code or cipher messages. What- ever gave rise to this idea I do not know, but I wish to emphasize that it is purely fictitious. Code messages can be sent just as well by wireless as' by ordinary methods of telegraphy.

"I do not wish to claim that wireless telegraphy is infallible, and although er- rors do sometimes, occur it is absolutely certain that, having regard to the Lon- don and Montreal service, most of the mistakes can be traced to the land line telegraph transmission between London and Clifden, and between Glace Bay and Montreal. .

"I find, however, that probably the greatest ignorance -prevails in regard to what is termed 'tapping,' or intercepting, wireless messages. No telegraph system is secret. The contents of every tele- gram are known to every operator who handles it.

"Nevertheless, there are penalties at- tached to the tapping of a telegraph wire, and it ought to be as well known that; since the passing of the Wireless Telegraphy act in England, there are penalties involved if any u ireless sta-' tions are erected or worked without the consent of the Postmaster -General.

"In conclusion I may say that I am very confident that it is only a question of time, and not a very long time, before wireless telegraphy over great. distances; possibly round the world, will become an .indispensable aid' to ;com- merce and civilization."

Paper read before the Royal Institution.

Editor's Note --The text of Wireless Telegraph Oddities.'was reprinted from the May 1908 issue of Modern Electrics.

Fibber's Idea of a Joy Ride

-- Fibber McGee (Jim Jordan), tin -can tourist. steps on the gas'

on his stream -lined auto during the Fibber McGee and Molly program. The wash -boiler contraption constitutes the sound effects counterpart of a Tin-Lizzie.

on the Air Looks like le -have

another first. According to news received from the Society of Wireless Pio- neers, Bulletin -32, Stat- ion KAY opperated by Charles Herrold in San Jose is called the first broadcast station in the. U. S. It went on the air in 1909 the source said.

The above information as well as displays: about Dr. Lee deForest will be exhibited at the Space Science Center, Foothill College, Los Altos Hills, California. Ken Richardson, editors, of the DeFcrest Pioneers, said that 'the museum will open in January 1973

BUfD A 1910 RECEIVER from PiDDEP.11 ELECIR ICS,

TRIPLE' DETECTOR. Here is a diagram of a detector with

which I have had very good results. It is a Perikon silicon and electrolytic detector. I think the illustration will speak for itself.

The materials needed are: A piece of

9' e E D.

,a7 ('1 F

)s_, 5 .

é r 'M.. N

/^ -- arm.' ` - ©_ ! "í'

bs

>

.F14 -1c

brass 3-16 inch thick by / inch wide by 7 inches long. Base is -17 x 3 x /., Three brass screws 2 inches long by % inch thick with hard rubber of fibre heads. Brass cups taken from "Ever -ready" bat -

At the time tlll'irel ss Telegraph Oddities" vas published in ttte. Mir 1908

issue of Modern Electrics David Larnoff had been working.for two years at the 9 -year -old American Marconi ;'fireless 'Te le graph Company. The president of the company was James W. Griggs, formerly a. gov- ernor of New Jersey. John Bottomly was general manager. Press messages sent by wireless accross the Atlantic were 5 cents a word, priced in 1907. Ordinary messages coat It;

cents a words. Cable price vas 25 cants a word.

Sept. 1910

-Fig. 2-

G

teries. One of the cups of the Perikon detector is soldered to the screw, while the other is screwed to the base. The silicon cup is fixed to the base. The min- erals are soldered in.

The electrolytic cup is taken from the battery with the carbon left in. Then the carbon is cut off within 1/8 -inch of the top of the cup and a /-inch hole bored in. This is to contain the sul- phuric acid. One inch of Wollaston wire is then soldered into the screw. This can be bought at some mineral or electrical store. A 3 -point switch is connected on the base so that you can use any detector you like.

Contributed by FRANK Kocx.

r"-- oU ONLY HAVE

WIRELES HERE. YOU DON'T HAVE RADIO

DO YOU ? -? I'Il,ilil IIII i'1;11 li'i II

- t RADIO NEWS, November 1922

t

,r, -..'.rr./ - . - . +. rl - ss,;,.r=. . Or'

.

.: "

r

.:...,;=,.,,.r

The Victor I advertised in 1909 at $25.00 was a good buy.

In the same yew,r Victor sold phonographs from X10.00 to :./250.00.

The Victor V with an exalted horn was constructed of quartered

oak and cost U60.00. The Victor I is a favorite on which to

play old disc records and savor the original recording style of

Farrar's old records.

OL' T//j1f R9P/0 PRO6RL4M5 sy -

/,/C//VDREDS.... ay '/PEEG TO

REEL ' fft /NSTA/VT 1O/4D G ,4/ /

REh1E/t9L9ER AW/0, /NC. P. O. BOX 25/,3 Na?"" O/1L4. 73069

YOU?. FAVOR ITi. SHOWS RETLRN We have thoudends of pro-

grams to choose from: Amos

and Andy, Fred Allen, I love

a j rstery, Inner Sanctum, Sherlock Bol-ies, etc. Send

500 to Remember Radio Inc.,

lox 2513, Norman, Oklahoma 73069 for our catalog.

CLL!I.4G CUT duplicates,

Rºmler, Roinart2, Ware,

Magneovx, Kennedy, etc.

Receivers, test Equipment,

foreign tubes, some a;ire-

loss gear, co--ponents, etc.

Send SISSE for latest list.

Gu:r Martin, P. O. Box A,

A t.1sa, Cz.lif. 91702.

OID TUBES for sale, -ite for list. S.A.S.E. please. J.I.F. -ruett, 300B hbston,

Mesquite, T 75149

s °"L y! REM LER TYPE 6/O INDUCTANCE COILS $ 00

EA TYPE 277A d 8 7S0forlo, tto TO 5o KC. AMP. IN ORrr.BOx - NO DOUBT 60YL SURPLUS

TYPE 31 TUBE

GENERAL RADIO TS XFORMER TNREE IN ORIG.BOXES LOOKS NEW FOR

LOOKS LIKE 15 0 vIE 19 E,,. OR 5 Fo S o R

RE` -F/ 1V /SW 7f/S ONEgND HAVE A WO

FRESIT L4\MAS ERPIECE WOOD 4 INSIDE /NCoao QO C'ONO/T/ON- NEEDS O SON ¢ PEF/N/sf1

MUTER DPO T

KN11-£

3 WITCH /N 0R/4 Box

20_0

L . S, 8RAN ,3EACH-/rv

MFy,QO al/G.BoxEs

L, Gun 6 BF.N /Toro -el -0,e

STORM qUARD

GOOD S-!AF!"

00

CLE-KA-TONE

SOCKET FOR UX 4QX OLD S rl'tf 2o/

3°cAw 750 JO'

ALL rMgEE

rHE rFA(/jEco DULCE -TONE "RAO 10 TALKING MACHINE SPEAKER" NEW- INORIC.QoX-EXC.CoNO/X TI P JAx PLUG S INTO flc/rPu r OF Rxx PNONOP,f-UPpyrO U¡ñU -U3'£AMPor pNONOCf'AP</

KE]YfPEI PORI',BLF,' K52Go op coNDiXE/z6- Na LOOP- JUV NOW

h/91/E NOT TR/EA 101Ay 7'iV/S R/ID/O, 9UT/TLDoR'S TO BG /N ,PEpT- OO SNA PE./

NEW/ ,L/AVE7010-/Nop/G BCX WANreo f KEN RA D CRYSTAL SET YOOR SURPl+.3

W Ill SELL FOR IWOOF CN OR TRADE FpL S1RFNRDY

S_ RAD/gLAS- GQosLE y -ETC TRADf//r11

SASE FttK NtL CFf ,NJ'f1f GEdR

n

ficht 6E rollie/7 /

W LL DEAL foe 50 s, THE LDT 5 fAc,/ 1

CAL[ -WR/rE 5o4/ rA6f

rV/SONE WILL /NrFQFSr you./

1Vl

JO ONLy- SOL/DBRASS-OLD

POST OFFICE 13OX FRONTS CO/MPLET£ WITH co/Pig/NAT/Mk

IT rpE/I L CHR/STMA3 G /FT-BANK- LETzER HOL DE 1<- M/ifYY USES- %y/,eX 3Yiw } -

D::S

MAGNUTROL USES T/í/REÉ,20/ q

/N9/Df-ExcaLfA'T- OUTSIDE -00.0 21129N.NASKELL DALL AS,TE,t,4S /520#

WILL NyG43H

L/'J/S fore msseLE nvgf

Pi/R rS 0,4OERJ

Guy $ 2000W°RrN OF ~re AND

aEtEiVE FREE/ó3m6E FAE,E-,Alptns ~ awiX.

dEU-S-ea/- e -

OT,T/EP9 YEASE 40.0 /.Sa

ffISTAGE //A9'E SZ2yrpgL

MwYIVOT /f/AYEOTiSdER PARrs.

"I-IOME BREW"-dAKEL/TEr°ANEL

TUBE .TE STE R * yOLTMETER O-SV. 7tA/LL/AMp/ERE S

4 MER- O-25 TEM A. *708E SOC K E r- ,(riV/FE srf'/T //-BiNbN6 Ff'JsTS

MErE.PS WOR7yMORE rX//IN sMALI PQK'f

65-°()

klUR -S11LE: Atwater Kent Breadboard, model 4052, 4 -tube variometer modal, with tubes. 1275000 V'estrrn Electric

4B Receiver º near mint, with tubes. U25.00 Paul

Giganti, TI6GVY, 24:9 San Carlos Ave . , San Carlos, Ch

94070

WANTED to buy all types

of phonographs Edison, Victor, Columbia, etc.

Also we are interested in one item or complete

collections. Please send photo, description, and price wanted first

letter to; G. W. MacKinnon,

453 Stando Avenue,

Charlotte, North Carolina

28206.

11DRE FRONO ADS FOR JANUARY

THEI 1111 P. 0. Box 12

Kleberg, Texas 75145

POSTMASTER: if undeliverable return reqjueeted

WALT JACKSON /4,-52 -203 MoN,-FR//14Y¿ M-6AN

2/4' -262 -7855 EVE,v - WEEK ENDS

. `tonel 4052

BULK RATE U.S. POSTAGE

PAID PERMIT NO. 1

,v,. ,Q dclire-áár

¿52/4-io- 4141)3¿).

6- wireless telegraph oddities - americanradiohistory.com · 2019-07-17 · and blue skies, though...

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