60 Safety Topics60 Safety TopicsIn 60 MinutesIn 60 Minutes

60 Safety Topics60 Safety TopicsIn 60 MinutesIn 60 Minutes

2009 Nevada PRIMA Conference

Today’s Presenter:

o 22 years experience in safety and risk management

o Certified Safety Professional (CSP)

o Associate in Risk Management (ARM)

o Former President of the Society of Casualty Safety Engineers (SCSE)

o Safety Professional of the Year – 2005 (SCSE)

Jeff Skog, Jeff Skog, CSP, ARMCSP, ARM

Risk Management Consultant Risk Management Consultant Midwest Employers Casualty CompanyMidwest Employers Casualty Company

Objectives

• Review 60 Safety Topics in 60 Minutes

• Decide which topics you are familiar with

• Decide which ones you aren’t familiar with

• Close the gap– Ask questions here

– Self study

– Attend course or seminar

– Repeat

Average Total Incurred Costs

Mega Trends

• Medical Claim Cost Inflation

• The Aging Workforce• The Obesity Epidemic

Indemnity30%

Medical70%

The Aging WorkforceEngineering Solutions

Review office ergonomics

Improve walking and working surfaces

Utilize hands-free telephone equipment

Improve illumination

Reduce static standing time

Reduce and minimize heavy lifting

• Provide Employee Assistance Programs (EAP)

• Provide disease prevention• Promote healthy lifestyle changes• Promote health and safety education• Sponsor health screening• Sponsor immunizations

Employee Health & Wellness

Return to Work

OSHA (2008 Fiscal Year)Most Frequently Cited Standards

• Scaffolding, general requirements, construction (29 CFR 1926.451) • Fall protection, construction (29 CFR 1926.501) • Hazard communication standard, general industry (

29 CFR 1910.1200) • Control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout), general industry (

29 CFR 1910.147) • Respiratory protection, general industry (29 CFR 1910.134) • Electrical, wiring methods, components and equipment, general

industry (29 CFR 1910.305) • Powered industrial trucks, general industry (29 CFR 1910.178) • Ladders, construction (29 CFR 1926.1053) • Machines, general requirements, general industry (

29 CFR 1910.212) • Electrical systems design, general requirements, general industry

(29 CFR 1910.303)

OSHA (2008 Fiscal Year)Standards-Highest Penalties Assessed

• Fall protection, construction (29 CFR 1926.501) • Scaffolding, general requirements, construction (29 CFR 1926.451) • Electrical, hazardous (classified) locations (29 CFR 1910.307) • Control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout), general industry (29

CFR 1910.147) • Excavations, requirements for protective systems, construction (29

CFR 1926.652)• Machines, general requirements, general industry (29 CFR

1910.212) • General duty clause (Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act) • Powered industrial trucks, general industry (29 CFR 1910.178) • Walking-working surfaces, general requirements (29 CFR 1910.22) • Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals (29

CFR 1910.119)

OSHA’s General Duty Clause

SEC. 5. Duties

(a) Each employer --

 (1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees;

(2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act

(b) Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct

Safety and Loss PreventionHazard Control Hierarchy

More effective

Less effective

Personal Protective Equipment

Administrative Controls

EngineeringControls

Fall Protection

• Trigger height– 4 feet –General Industry

– 6 feet- Construction

• Use a competent person– Determine fall protection

requirements

– Conduct training

Fall Protection

• Fall exposures include:– Walkways & ramps– Open sides & edges– Holes– Concrete forms & rebar– Excavations– Roofs– Wall openings

• Protective measures include guardrails, covers, safety nets, and Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS)

• Use appropriate scaffold construction methods

Scaffolding

o Falls from elevation - caused by slipping, unsafe access, and the lack of fall protection

o Struck by falling tools / debris o Electrocution - from overhead power

lineso Scaffold collapse - caused by

instability or overloading o Bad planking giving way

Employees working on scaffolds are exposed to these hazards

Ladder Safety

• Use the correct ladder for the job

• Inspect ladder before use• Don’t overload the ladder• Use a ladder on stable and

level surfaces• Tie off straight ladders• Use a 4:1 ratio for straight

ladders• Extend straight ladders 3 feet

above the upper landing surface

Implement a Shoe Policy Program

The shoe policy program should focus on employees wearing proper non-slip footwear

Housekeeping

• Include housekeeping expectations in worker performance goals

• Create a plan for handling materials from entry to exit

• Make clear how day-to-day cleanup will be handled

• Regularly remove wastes and unused materials

• Make someone responsible for checking on the status of housekeeping every day

Personal Protective Equipment

• Personal protective equipment (PPE) is designed to prevent or lessen the severity of injuries to workers

• The employer must assess the workplace and determine what hazards may necessitate the use of PPE before assigning PPE to workers

• PPE shall be provided by the employer at no cost to employees

• Respirators protect the user in two basic ways– Contaminant removal from the air -

particulate respirators, which filter out airborne particles; and "gas masks” which filter out chemicals and gases

– Supplying clean respirable air - airline respirators, which use compressed air from a remote source; and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), which include their own air supply

Respirators

• Tips to select an appropriate respirator

– Conduct an exposure assessment to determine the type and amount of hazardous exposure

– Take into account the factors that can influence respirator selection such as job-site and worker characteristics

– Understand the assigned protection factors– Know the various kinds of respirators and their

relevant characteristics

Respirators

Forklift Safety

• Most common forklift-related fatalities:

– forklift overturns– struck, crushed or pinned by a

forklift– falls from a forklift

• Forklift operation hazards

• Forklift safety criteria

• Forklift training requirements

Confined Space Entry

• Typical Confined Spaces

• How to Identify Confined Spaces

• Hazards of Confined Spaces

• Testing the Atmosphere

• Permit Entry Systems

Hearing Conservation Program

• Noise Control

– Engineering

– Administrative

– PPE

• Noise Monitoring

• Audiometric Testing

• Training Requirements

• Recordkeeping

Aerial and Scissors Lifts

• Electrocutions, falls, and tip over cause most of the deaths

• Other causes– caught between the lift

bucket or guardrail and object (such as steel beams or joists)

– struck by falling objects

• Workers can also be catapulted out of a bucket!

Hazard Communication

Hazard Communication

Defining HazCom

Labeling MSDS Sheets

Written Program

Employee Training

“Right To Know”

ACETONE

• Review MSDS’s that are applicable to your employee’s job

• Ensure employees know how to obtain a MSDS sheet

• Make the appropriate personal protective equipment available to employees

Lock-out/Tag-out

• Identify and list all sources of energy

• Training

• Safe procedures

• Lockout Devices

– Locks

– Tags

• Annual review

Machine Guarding

• Guards– fixed

– interlocked

– adjustable

– self-adjusting

• Devices– presence sensing

– pullback

– restraint

– safety controls (tripwire cable, two-hand control, etc.)

– gates

• Location/distance• Feeding and ejection

methods– automatic and/or semi-

automatic feed and ejection– robots

• Miscellaneous aids– awareness barriers– protective shields– hand-feeding tools

Hot Work / Welding

• Hot work is any work that involves burning, welding, using fire- or spark-producing tools, or that produces a source of ignition

• Test for flammable gases in the work area before starting any hot work

• Make suitable fire-extinguishing equipment immediately available

• Assign personnel (fire watch) to guard against fire while hot work is being performed

Infection from a bloodborne pathogen can result in chronic

infection, serious illness, and death

Bloodborne Pathogens

• Universal precautions • Engineering controls• Work practices• Personal protective equipment• Housekeeping• Hepatitis B vaccination• Post-exposure evaluation and follow-

up• Communication and training• Recordkeeping

Bloodborne PathogensExposure Control Plan

Fire Extinguisher Classifications

Letter classifications are given on an extinguisher to designate the class of fire for which it will be effective

A B C D

Ordinary

Combustibles

Combustible

Metals

Flammable

Liquids

Electrical

Equipment

Flammable Liquids

• The two primary hazards associated with flammable and combustible liquids are explosion and fire

• Safe handling and storage of flammable liquids is critical– Control of ignition sources

– Proper storage– Fire control– Safe handling

Spray PaintingNFPA 33

Standard for Spray Application UsingFlammable or Combustible Materials

• Hazard Controls

– Room protected by automatic sprinkler system

– Paint booth has sprinkler head covered by cellophane bag having a thickness of 0.08mm or less (or by thin paper bags)

– Fire extinguisher nearby

– Limited Flammable and Combustible liquids

– Ventilation and exhaust

– Explosion proof electrical/lighting

– NO SMOKING

Sprinkler Systems

• Cost justification issues

• Occupancies and Commodities

• NFPA 13– Density and Operating Area

– Water Supplies

• Inspection

• Testing

Kitchen Safety

• Controls– Sprinkler protection

– UL 300 extinguishing system in kitchen hood

– Listed baffle filters in the hood area (no mesh filters!)

– Class K fire extinguishers

– Proper exit routes/means of egress

– Regular maintenance on cooking equipment

Emergency Exits

• An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for emergencies such as a fire– Ensure exit lights are working

– Check to see if battery back up is functioning

– Establish replacement schedule for batteries

– Make sure exit signs lead to an exit

NOTE: Emergency exits are usually strategically located (e.g. in a stairwell, hallway, or other likely place) with an outward opening door and exit signs leadings to it.

Emergency Action Plan

Automated External Defibrillator

• Placement– Visibility– Accessibility

• Training– Basic First Aid/CPR classes

• Fire Department• Red Cross

– Local hospitals

Ergonomics

• Implement ergonomic solutions

• Reduce– excessive forces– awkward positions– repetitious activities– extreme temperatures– vibrations

Ergonomic Solutions

Office Ergonomics

• Management commitment and employee involvement

• Worksite analysis• Hazard prevention and control• Training and education• Recordkeeping • Evaluation of program

Workplace ViolencePrevention Program Elements

Severe Weather Fatalities

“…heat is by far the number one killer of all weather events…”

Courtesy National Weather Service Forecast Office

Historically, from 1979-2003, excessive heat exposure caused 8,015 deaths in the United States. During this period, more people in this

country died from extreme heat than from hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, floods, and earthquakes combined.

Extreme Heat Plus Humidity

Heat Index - A number in degrees Fahrenheit (F) that tells how hot it feels when relative humidity is added to the air temperature.

HI Possible Heat Disorder

80°F - 90°F Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and physical activity.

90°F - 105°F Sunstroke, heat cramps and heat exhaustion possible.

105°F - 130°F Sunstroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion likely, and heat stroke possible.

130°F or greater Heat stroke highly likely with continued exposure.

Tailgating2-Second Rule

– Good driving conditions, keep a 2-second distance behind

– Poor driving conditions, keep a 4-second distance behind

• Use the 2- or 4-second rule

You…as an Employer… need to know

Motor vehicle crashes are:

• The leading cause of death on the job– More than 1,300 deaths /year

• One of the largest contributors to WC costs• One of the costliest but least addressed loss in the

workplace

Important!Buckle Up

Increasing seat belt usage…

The single most effective short-term way to significantly reduce deaths and injuries from traffic crashes

10 Steps toMinimize Crash Risk

1.      Senior Management Commitment & Employee Involvement

2.      Written Policies and Procedures

3.      Driver Agreements

4.      MVR Checks

5.      Crash Reporting and Investigation

6.      Vehicle Maintenance and Inspection

7.      Disciplinary Action System

8.      Reward/Incentive Program

9.      Driver Training/Communication

10. Regulatory Compliance

Trucking

• DOT regulated fleets

• Top three loss causes for drivers• Vehicle accidents

• Material handling

• Falls

• Safety Program Elements– Driver selection

– Driver training

– Driver supervision

– Accident investigation

– Recordkeeping

– Maintenance

1-800 Vehicle Monitoring

• “How’s my Driving” Decals

• Incident Report

• Fleet Management Reports

Healthcare Facilities

• Nursing Homes and Hospitals

– Patient Transfer– Slip and Falls– Violence– Needle Sticks

Firefighting

• Firefighting is recognized as one of the most hazardous occupations in terms of death and injury statistics

• Each year, over 100 line-of-duty deaths have been recorded in the U.S. alone; 70% of deaths are volunteer firefighters

• Many firefighter injuries are a direct result of preventable accidents

Firefighter Exposures

• Vehicle

• Fires/Smoke/Burns

• Struck By

• Structural Collapse

• Heat Stress

• Chemicals

• Falls

• Needle Sticks

• Presumptive Cases

State Presumptive Disability LawsFirefighters

Addressing Presumptive Cases

• Presumptive controls

– Pre-hire criteria

– Wellness programs

– Exposure reporting

– Post injury programs

Law Enforcement SafetyNational Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund

Teen Work Injury Statistics• Many youth are injured on the job

– 250,000 <18-year-olds injured/year in the US

– 84,000 <18-year-olds to the ER for work injuries

– 70 <18-year-olds die each year

– 90 18-19 year-olds die each year

• Young workers are injured at a higher rate than adult workers– Teens may not know which work tasks are

prohibited by child labor laws

– Teens may not receive adequate safety training and supervision

– Teens may lack the experience and physical and emotional maturity

– Teens may be reluctant to ask questions

Job Hazard Analysis• Break the job down into steps

JHA Number: _______________ Page ____ of ____

Job Description: ____________________________________________________________________

Step 1._____________________________________________________________________________

Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Step 2._____________________________________________________________________________

Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Step 3._____________________________________________________________________________

Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Step 4._____________________________________________________________________________

Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Step 5._____________________________________________________________________________

Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

_____________________________________ ______________________________________

Job Hazard Analysis Worksheet

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Prompt Reporting

• Insurance Co. Study– Analyzed 78,000 workers’

compensation claims closed in 1993

– Findings

• Reporting a claim 11-20 days after an injury increased costs by 29%

• Reporting a claim 21-30 days after an injury increased costs by 39%

• Reporting a claim 31 days or more after an injury increased costs by 48%

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Reported Within 10 Days

Reported Between 11-20 Days

Reported Between 21-30 Days

Reported More Than 30 Days

$12,082

$15,582$16,802

$17,920

Average Cost Per Claim

Weed-out Injuries and Illnesses!

Behaviors

Surface Causes

Root Causes

Direct Causes

Conditions

Fails to inspect

No recognition planInadequate training plan

No inspection policy

No discipline procedures

Outdated procedures

Unguarded machine

Fails to trainToo much work

Defective PPEFails to report in

jury

Inadequate training

Creates a hazard

Fails to enforce

Untrained worker

Broken tools

Ignores a hazard

Lack of time

No recognition

Falls

Strains

Chemical spill

No accountability policy

No orientation process

Cuts

Inadequate labeling procedures

Horseplay

Information to extract• Identify loss causes and trends;

frequency and severity

• Focus management on the organization’s Total Cost of Risk (TCOR); direct and indirect

• Gain support for loss control efforts

• Evaluate potential cost/benefit of loss control alternatives

• Allocate costs or charge backs for claims to locations/dept

Data Analysis

Cost AllocationExposure vs. Experience

Exposure ExperienceExposureExperience

Exposure Based System –Allocates costs to departments only on the basis of their exposures – regardless of their loss experience - and does not allow any risk-sharing

ExposureExperience

Experience Based System –Allocates costs to a department strictly on its pro rata portion of past losses and subjects small departments to significant fluctuations in costs from one period to the next

Safety Committees

• The makeup of the safety committee can vary depending on the size, type and needs of the organization. Refer to your state OSHA program requirements, if required

• Consideration should be given to the following when developing a safety committee

– Safety committee members and structure

• Labor and management partnering• Represent key functional areas & knowledge• Diversity

– Possible duties and functions of the safety committee

• Utilize loss analysis for the development of risk control initiatives• Review supervisor accident investigation reports• Conduct periodic safety inspections• Assist in conducting safety training• Listen to employee safety concerns and suggestions

Safety Meetings

Guidelines on effective training and meetings:• Determine if training is needed• Identify training needs• Identify goals and objectives• Develop learning activities• Conduct training

– Interactive• Evaluate training

Safety Incentive Programs

Issues at hand:• Are they necessary?• Structure

– What to recognize– Who to recognize– How to recognize– When to recognize

• In-house or vendor• Budget• Selling the program • Measuring success

Best Practices for Risk Managers

• Set goals and objectives with MEASURABLE outcomes

• Work in conjunction with department heads and managers to put safety plans in place

• Share information (losses, incentives, etc.)• Budget • Make safety an important part of EACH

employee’s appraisal process• Monitor, follow-up on, and measure the results

Are there any questions?

www.mwecc.com

Jeff Skog, CSP, ARMRisk Management Consultant

Midwest Employers Casualty Company

Phone: 847-683-7251jskog@mwecc.com

Jeff Skog, CSP, ARMRisk Management Consultant

Midwest Employers Casualty Company

Phone: 847-683-7251jskog@mwecc.com