Chapter 21: Southern Africa - A Varied RegionChapter
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To learn more about the people and places of southern Africa, view The World and Its People Chapter 22 video.
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Southern Africa— A Varied Region
Southern Africa— A Varied Region
Chapter Overview Visit The World and Its People Web site at twip.glencoe.com and click on to preview information about southern Africa.
Social StudiesSocial StudiesSocial StudiesSocial Studies
Chapter 21—Chapter Overviews
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Fold it so the left edge lies 2 inches from the right edge.
Cut along the two folds on
the front flap to make 3 tabs.
Southern Africa The New South
Africa
Coastal and Island Countries
Step 1 Fold a sheet of paper from side to side, leaving a 2-inch tab uncovered along the side.
Step 2 Turn the paper and fold it into thirds.
Step 3 Unfold the paper and cut along the two inside fold lines.
Step 4 Label the foldable as shown.
Table Mountain overlooks Cape Town, South Africa.


Challenges Even though many countries in
southern Africa are rich in resources, challenges still exist. They are work- ing to develop their economies or deal with other social and political changes. For example, South Africa was virtually isolated from the world community because of its racist policies. Today, after decades of struggling for justice and equality, South Africa faces new challenges. Poverty and the spread of AIDS plague the lives of many people.
Categorizing Information Make the following foldable to help you organize data about historic and modern events that have occurred in the countries of southern Africa.
Reading and Writing As you read the chapter, write information under each appropriate tab of your foldable to record past and present events that have affected the countries and cultures of southern Africa.
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South Africa (officially called the Republic of South Africa) is a land of beautiful scenery and great mineral wealth. Here you will find Africa’s biggest mammal—the African elephant. You will also find the smallest mammal—the miniature shrew. To protect these creatures, the government has set aside land as national parks.
A Land Rich in Resources South Africa, located at the southern tip of Africa, touches the
Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The Namib Desert is in the northwest. The Cape of Good Hope is the southernmost point of Africa.
South Africa is the most industrialized country in Africa. An industrialized country is one in which a great deal of manufacturing occurs. Not all South Africans benefit from this prosperous economy, however. In rural areas, many people live in poverty and continue to depend on subsistence farming.
604 CHAPTER 21
Guide to Reading
Main Idea
South Africa has great mineral wealth and has recently seen major social and political changes.
Terms to Know
Reading Strategy
Create a time line like this one. Then list five key events and their dates in South Africa’s history.
Cape Town’s Table Mountain is
famous for its flat top. A cable
car takes people to the top. If
you are physically fit and
have four hours to spare,
you can also climb the
mountain. From the
Town—South Africa’s
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In terms of mineral resources, South Africa is one of the richest countries in the world. It is the world’s largest producer and exporter of gold. It has large deposits of diamonds, chromite, platinum, and coal as well. The country also exports machinery, chemicals, clothing, and processed foods. Crops cultivated on irrigated, high-technology farms include corn, wheat, fruits, cotton, sugarcane, and potatoes. Ranchers on the central plains raise sheep, cattle for beef, and dairy cows.
How have South Africa’s resources helped its economy?
South Africa’s History and People About 44 million people live in South Africa. Black African ethnic
groups make up about 78 percent of the population. Most trace their ancestry to Bantu-speaking peoples who settled throughout Africa between A.D. 100 and 1000. The largest ethnic groups in South Africa today are the Sotho (SOO•too), Zulu, and Xhosa (KOH•suh).
In the 1600s, the Dutch settled in South Africa. They were known as the Boers, a Dutch word for farmers. German, Belgian, and French settlers joined them. Together these groups were known as Afrikaners
Victoria Falls
20°E
10°S
20°S
30°S
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
a va ngo R.
I N D I A N O C E A N
ATLANTIC OCEAN
M oz
am bi
qu e
C ha
nn el
Lake Malawi
ZIMBABWE
SWAZILAND
MOZAMBIQUE
S O U T H A F R I C A
COMOROS
SEYCHELLES
MAURITIUS
M A
D A
G A
S C
A R
M A
L A
W I
REUNION
CABINDA C E N T R A L A F R I C A
Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection 500
5000
0
mi.
km
N
S
EW
D r a k e n s b e r g
R a n g e
Cape of Good Hope
r t
K a l a h a r i D e s e r t
Windhoek
LESOTHO
National capital Major city
Applying Map Skills
Southern Africa: Political
1. What country is located on the southern tip of the African continent?
2. What countries share a border with Zimbabwe?
Find NGS online map resources @ www.nationalgeographic.com/maps
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and spoke their own language—Afrikaans (A•frih•KAHNS). They pushed Africans off the best land and set up farms and plantations. They brought many laborers from India to work on sugar plantations.
The British first came to South Africa in the early 1800s. Later, the discovery of diamonds and gold attracted many more British settlers. Tensions between the British and the Afrikaners resulted in the 1902 defeat of the Afrikaners in the Boer War. In 1910 Afrikaner and British territories became the Union of South Africa. It was part of the British Empire and was ruled by whites. Black South Africans founded the African National Congress (ANC) in 1912 in hopes of gaining power.
In 1948 the whites set up a system of apartheid, or “apartness.” Apartheid (uh•PAHR•TAYT) made it illegal for different races and eth- nic groups to mix, thus limiting the rights of blacks. For example, laws forced black South Africans to live in separate areas,called “homelands.” People of non-European background were not even allowed to vote.
For more than 40 years, people inside and outside South Africa protested against the practice of apartheid.Many black Africans were jailed for their actions in the long struggle for justice and equality. The United Nations declared that apartheid was “a crime against
606 CHAPTER 21
NELSON MANDELA (1918– ) As a young man, Nelson Mandela spoke out against apartheid and was arrested. He spent a total of 27 years in jail before being released in 1990.
“It was during those long and lonely years [in prison] that my hunger for the freedom of my own people became a hunger for the freedom of all people, white and black. I knew as well as I knew anything that the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. A man who takes away another man’s freedom is a prisoner of hatred, he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. When I walked out of prison, that was my mission, to liberate the oppressed and the oppressor both. . . . We have not taken the final step of our journey, but the first step on a longer and even more difficult road. For to be free is not merely to cast off one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others.” From The Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela by Nelson Mandela.
Analyzing Primary Sources
What do you think Mandela is referring to in the title of his autobiography, The Long Walk to Freedom? What is the walk a symbol for?
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AssessmentAssessment11
humanity.” Many countries cut off trade with South Africa. Finally, in 1991 apartheid ended. South Africa held its first democratic election in April 1994. Voters elected Nelson Mandela as the country’s first black president.
The People South Africa has 11 official languages, including Afri- kaans, English, Zulu, and Xhosa. About two-thirds of South Africans are Christians, whereas the rest practice traditional African religions.
One of the challenges facing South Africa today is to develop a bet- ter standard of living for its poorer people. Most European South Africans live in modern homes and enjoy a high standard of living. Most black, Asian, and mixed-group South Africans live in rural areas and crowded townships, or neighborhoods outside cities. The govern- ment has introduced measures to improve education and basic services.
Another challenge facing South Africa is the AIDS epidemic. Millions of people throughout Africa have been infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. South Africa is one of the countries hit hardest.
Lesotho and Swaziland Within South Africa lie two other African nations—Lesotho (luh•SOO•too) and Swaziland. These tiny king- doms are enclaves—small countries located inside a larger country. Both are poor countries that depend heavily on South Africa.Lesotho’s only natural resource is water, some of which it sells to South Africa. Many of Lesotho’s and Swaziland’s people are engaged in subsistence farming. Others work in mines in South Africa.
How do Lesotho and Swaziland earn money from South Africa?
h Although altitude and poor soil make farming difficult in Lesotho, most people are subsistence farmers.
Southern Africa—A Varied Region 607
Defining Terms 1. Define industrialized country, Boer, apartheid,
township, enclave.
Recalling Facts 2. Place Name the largest mammal and the small-
est mammal in Africa.
4. Culture What challenges face South Africa?
Critical Thinking 5. Drawing Conclusions How did the rest
of the world view apartheid?
6. Analyzing Information Why do you think workers in Lesotho and Swaziland travel to South Africa to work in mines?
Graphic Organizer 7. Organizing Information In a chart like the
one below, write the resources and products of South Africa in the two boxes.
South Africa
Resources Products
Applying Social Studies Skills
8. Analyzing Maps Study the political map on page . What are the three national capitals of the Republic of South Africa?
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ARTART SCIENCESCIENCE CULTURECULTURE TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
A diamond is a mineral made entirely of carbon. It is the hardest known substance on the earth and the most popular gemstone. Most diamonds formed billions of years ago deep inside the earth’s mantle. There, intense pressure and heat transformed car- bon into diamond crystal.
Mining
There are two major techniques used for min- ing diamonds: open pit and underground mining. In open pit mining, the earth is dug out in layers, creating a series of roads that circle down into a pit. After drills and explosives loosen the rock con- taining diamonds, workers use shovels and trucks to remove it. When the pit becomes too deep to reach easily, underground mining may begin.
Underground mining requires sinking a shaft into the ground and tunneling to the rock. Explo- sives blast the rock loose, and the resulting rub- ble is crushed and carried to the surface for further processing.
To remove the diamonds, the crushed rock is mixed with water and placed in a washing pan. Heavier minerals, such as diamonds, settle to the bottom, while lighter material rises to the top
and overflows. Next, the heavier mixture travels to a grease table. Diamonds cling to the grease while other wetted minerals flow past. Workers continue the sorting and separating by hand.
Cutting
The newly mined diamond resembles a piece of glass, not a sparkling jewel. To enhance their brilliance and sparkle, gem-quality diamonds are precisely cut and polished. The cutter uses high- speed diamond-tipped tools to cut facets, or small flat surfaces, into the stone. One of the most popu- lar diamond cuts is the brilliant cut, which has 58 facets. The job of the cutter requires extreme skill, because the diamond’s beauty depends on how the angles of the facets are cut.
Rough diamond Sawed Rounded Lopped Finished diamond
Diamond Cutting
2. Why are gemstone diamonds cut and polished?
3. Making Comparisons How are open pit and underground diamond mining techniques alike? How are they different?
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Zimbabwe, Botswana
Main Idea
Most of inland southern Africa is rich in resources and home to a wide variety of ethnic groups.
Terms to Know
• copper belt • sorghum
Reading Strategy
Create a chart like this one. Then list the main economic activities of each country.
Hundreds of years ago, southern Africa
had powerful, wealthy kingdoms.
the eastern coast. The largest
kingdom and city was Great
Zimbabwe, a Bantu word
shown here, flourished
1450. It covered nearly
along with the surround-
nearly 20,000 people.
The four countries of inland southern Africa include Zambia, Malawi (mah•LAH•wee), Zimbabwe, and Botswana (baht•SWAH•nah). Find these four countries on the map on page . They have several things in common. First, they all are landlocked. A high plateau dominates much of their landscape and gives them a mild climate. Second, about 70 percent of the people practice subsistence farming in rural villages. Thousands move to cities each year to look for work.
Zambia Zambia is slightly larger than Texas. The Zambezi (zam•BEE•zee)
River—one of southern Africa’s longest rivers—crosses the country. The Kariba Dam spans the river and creates a large amount of hydro- electricity. Also along the Zambezi River are the spectacular Victoria Falls,named in honor of British Queen Victoria,who ruled in the 1800s. The falls are known locally as Mosi oa Tunya, or “smoke that thunders.”
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610 CHAPTER 21
A large area of copper mines, known as a copper belt, stretches across northern Zambia.One of the world’s major producers of copper, Zambia relies on it for more than 80 percent of its income. As a result, when world copper prices go down, Zambia’s income goes down too. As copper reserves dwindle, the government has encouraged city dwellers to return to farming. Zambia must import much of its food.
Once a British colony, Zambia gained its independence in 1964. The country’s 10.9 million people belong to more than 70 ethnic groups and speak many languages. English is the official language. Those who live in urban areas such as Lusaka, the capital, work in mining and service industries.Villagers grow corn,rice,and other crops to support their families. Most people eat porridge made from corn.
What happens to Zambia when copper prices go down?
Malawi Green plains and grasslands cover western areas of narrow Malawi.
Vast herds of elephants, zebras, and antelope roam animal reserves here. The Great Rift Valley runs through eastern Malawi. In the middle of it lies beautiful Lake Malawi. This lake holds about 500 fish species, more than any other inland body of water in the world. Malawi is also famous for its more than 400 orchid species.
Malawi is one of the world’s least developed countries.The economy relies on agriculture. Malawi exports tobacco, tea, and sugar. Farmers also grow sorghum, a tall grass whose seeds are used as grain and to make syrup. Malawi depends on economic assistance.
Bantu-speaking people arrived in the area about 2,000 years ago, bringing with them knowledge of iron-working.During the mid-1800s, Scottish missionary David Livingstone came to Malawi. He was the most famous European explorer to reach Malawi. Today most people here are Protestant Christians as a result of the teachings of missionaries.
In 1964 the British colony became independent.Malawi has recently returned to democratic government after a long period of rule by a dictator.As a result of years of harsh government,modern Malawi writ- ers emphasize themes such as human rights and abuse of power.
Malawi is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa. It has about 255 people per square mile (98 people per sq. km). Jobs are scarce, so thousands seek work in South Africa and Zambia.
What types of landforms cover western Malawi?
Zimbabwe Crossing Zimbabwe, you might think you were in the western
United States. The vast plateau is studded with large outcrops of rock. The Limpopo River winds through southern lowlands. The Zambezi River crosses the north.
Mining gold, copper, iron ore, and asbestos provides most of the country’s income. Some large plantations grow coffee, cotton, and tobacco. Europeans own many of the large plantations, whereas most
What’s for Dinner?
Kabemba Mwape hur- ries home from the market in Chavuma, Zambia. He carries a live pig on the back of his bike. Although Kabemba’s family will enjoy the pig for dinner, they usu- ally eat porridge. Kabem- ba’s family is relatively wealthy. They can afford to pay for meat, bicycles, and the high price of school uniforms and books for Kabemba’s education. He knows English, but he speaks his native language of Lozi while he is at the market.
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Southern Africa—A Varied Region 611
Africans own only small plots. Since the 1980s, the government has tried to redistribute land to Africans,but recently this has caused chaos and violence. This has, in turn, hurt the economy and caused wide- spread shortages of basic goods. Recently, President Robert Mugabe has been criticized, and in 2003 groups of people launched strikes to pressure him to retire early.
Nearly 34 percent of Zimbabwe’s adult population has AIDS. This negatively affects the economy. People who have the disease often cannot work to support their families. The government lacks the means to deal with the AIDS crisis effectively.
Zimbabwe takes its name from an ancient African city and trading center—Great Zimbabwe. This remarkable stone fortress was built by an ethnic group called the Shona in the A.D.1100s to 1400s.The Shona and the Ndebele (ehn•duh•BEH•leh) ruled large stretches of south- central Africa until the late 1800s. In the 1890s, the British controlled the area and called it Rhodesia. They named it after Cecil Rhodes, a British businessman who expanded British rule in Africa.
Africans eventually organized into political groups and fought European rule. In 1980 free elections brought an independent African government to power. The country was renamed Zimbabwe. Today Zimbabwe has about 12.6 million people.About one-fourth of the pop- ulation is Christian. Others practice traditional African religions. The largest city is Harare (hah•RAH•ray), the capital.
Art and music in Zimbabwe come in many forms. Some artists, as shown above, work with stone. Others carve beautiful wood sculp- tures and make pottery. Musicians play instruments such as a talking drum, which when played sounds like it is “talking.”
How has AIDS affected Zimbabwe’s economy?
Social StudiesSocial StudiesSocial StudiesSocial Studies
Web Activity Visit The World and Its People Web site at twip.glencoe.com and click on Student Web Activities to learn more about Zimbabwe.
Chapter 21—
Sculpture Since the 1950s, Shona artists in Zimbabwe have
carved attractive stone figures that are highly valued throughout the world. Mostly self-taught, Shona sculptors use sand and beeswax to polish the stone and heat it with fire to bring out the stone’s color. They rarely begin carving with a specific subject in mind. Instead, the artists allow the qualities of the stone to determine the figure they will create. Many artists believe that the spirit in the stone speaks to them.
Looking Closer An example of Shona work is this sculp- ture of an African bird (below right). What other figures from their environment do you think Shona artists sculpt?
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Country 1
Country 2
Botswana Botswana lies in the center of southern Africa. The vast Kalahari
Desert spreads over southwestern Botswana. This hot, dry area has rolling, red sands and low, thorny shrubs. The Okavango River in the northwest forms one of the largest swamp areas in the world.This area of shifting streams is home to an abundance of wildlife.
Botswana’s national emblem (as well as its basic monetary unit) is a one-word motto—Pula—meaning “rain.” In Botswana, there is never much of it. From May to October, the sun bakes the land. Droughts occur often, and many years can pass before the rains fall again.
Botswana is rich in mineral resources. Diamonds account for more than 75 percent of the country’s export income.Thousands of tourists visit Botswana’s game preserves every year. Farming is difficult, and the country grows only about 50 percent of the food it needs. It must import the rest. To earn a living, many people work in South Africa for several months a year.
After nearly 80 years of British colonial rule, Botswana became independent in 1966. Today it has one of Africa’s strongest democra- cies. Many of Botswana’s people are Christians, although a large num- ber practice traditional African religions. The official language is English, but 90 percent of the population speak an African language called Setswana. Gaborone is the capital and largest city. Here, and in other large cities in Africa,Western lifestyles and clothing are common.
What is Botswana’s biggest source of export income?
Stable Democracy AIDS is a serious problem
in many African countries.
The governments of some
countries, such as Zimbabwe,
Other countries, such as
Botswana, are working with
Because of Botswana’s stable,
democratic government,
quickly distributed.
Recalling Facts 2. Economics What is Zambia’s most important
export?
4. Culture Where did Zimbabwe get its name?
Graphic Organizer 5. Organizing Information Choose two of
the countries in this section. Write the name and three facts about each country in the outer ovals. Where the ovals overlap, write facts that are true of both countries.
Critical Thinking 6. Synthesizing Information Imagine that
someone from Great Zimbabwe traveled to Zimbabwe today. What do you think he or she would describe as the greatest difference between then and now?
7. Analyzing Information Why do you think the people of Botswana chose Pula, or “rain,” as their motto?
Applying Social Studies Skills
8. Analyzing Maps Study the political map on page . What five African nations does the Tropic of Capricorn cross?
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Applying the Skill
ay
150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E 180°0°
12 AM11 PM10 PM9 PM8 PM7 PM6 PM5 PM4 PM1 PM 2 PM 3 PM11 AM10 AM 12 PM9 AM7 AM 8 AM6 AM5AM4 AM3AM2AM1 AM
Honolulu
Nonstandard time
The earth rotates 360° in 24 hours. The earth’s surface has been divided into 24 time zones. Each time zone represents 15° longitude, or the distance that the earth rotates in 1 hour.
Learning the Skill The Prime Meridian, or 0° longitude, is
the starting point for figuring out time around the world. Traveling west from 0° longitude, it becomes 1 hour earlier for each time zone crossed. Traveling east, it becomes 1 hour later for each time zone crossed. The international date line is set at the 180° line of longitude. Traveling west across this imaginary line, you add a day. Traveling east, you subtract a day. To read a time zones map:
• Choose a place for which you already know the time and locate it on the map.
• Locate another place and determine if it is east or west of the first place.
• Count the time zones between the two. • Calculate the time by either adding (going
east) or subtracting (going west) an hour for each time zone.
• Determine whether you have crossed the date line, and identify the day of the week.
Practicing the Skill 1. On the map below, if it is 4 P.M. in Miami,
what time is it in Cape Town?
2. If it is 10:00 A.M. in Tokyo on Tuesday, what day and time is it in Moscow?
Imagine you have a friend living in Rome, Italy. What time (your time) would you call if you wanted to talk to your friend after 7:00 P.M.?
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Angola and Namibia have long coastlines on the Atlantic Ocean. Mozambique and four island countries—Madagascar (MA•duh• GAS•kuhr), Comoros (KAH•muh•ROHZ), Seychelles (say•SHEHL), and Mauritius (maw•RIH•shuhs)—are located in southern Africa’s Indian Ocean region.
Angola Angola is almost twice the size of Texas. The map on page
shows you that Angola also includes a tiny exclave called Cabinda. An exclave is a small part of a country that is separated from the main part. Hilly grasslands cover northern Angola. The southern part of the country is a rocky desert. In Cabinda, rain forests thrive.
Angola’s main economic activity is agriculture.About 85 percent of the people make their living from subsistence farming. Some farmers grow coffee and cotton for export. Angola’s main source of income,
614 CHAPTER 21
3
found a way of surviving in the
Namib Desert located along
Namibia’s Atlantic Ocean
hardy animals here
Angola
Namibia
Mozambique
Madagascar
Comoros
Seychelles
Mauritius
Main Idea
Africa’s coastal and island countries are struggling to develop their economies.
Terms to Know
• exclave • slash-and-burn
farming • cyclone
Reading Strategy
Create a chart like the one below. Then fill in two key facts about each of southern Africa’s coastal and island countries.
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however, is oil. Oil deposits off the coast of Cabinda account for 90 percent of Angola’s export earnings. Other important industries include diamond mining, fish processing, and textiles. Still, Angola is not a wealthy country. Different groups have struggled for control of the country, which has hurt the economy.
Most of Angola’s people trace their ancestry to the Bantu-speaking peoples who spread across much of Africa many centuries ago. In the 1400s, the Kongo kingdom ruled a large part of northern Angola.
From the 1500s until its independence in 1975, Angola was a colony of Portugal. Portugal is still an important trading partner, and Portuguese is the official language. Bantu and other African languages are also widely spoken. Almost 50 percent of Angolans practice the Roman Catholic faith brought to Angola by the Portuguese.
After Angola gained its independence, civil war broke out among different political and ethnic groups.The fighting has lasted more than 25 years and continues to bring great suffering to the people.
With so many resources, why is Angola’s economy weak?
N
S
EW
30ºN
1960
1. In what year did Namibia win independence?
2. Which country was the last to gain independence? In what year was independence gained?
Find NGS online map resources @ www.nationalgeographic.com/maps
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Namibia Namibia is one of Africa’s newest coun-
tries. Namibia became independent in 1990 after 75 years of rule by the Republic of South Africa.Before that,it was a colony of Germany.
A large plateau runs through the center of the country. This area of patchy grassland is the most populous section of Namibia. The rest is made up of deserts. The Namib Desert, located along Namibia’s Atlantic coast, is a narrow ribbon of towering dunes and rocks. Tourists come from all over the world to “sand-board”down these dunes.The Kalahari Desert stretches across the south- eastern part of the country. As you might guess,most of Namibia has a hot,dry climate.
Namibia has rich deposits of diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, silver, and lead. It is a leading producer of uranium, a substance used to make nuclear fuels. The economy depends on the mining, processing, and exporting of these minerals.
Despite this mineral wealth, most of Namibia’s people live in poverty. The income from mineral exports goes to a small group of Namibia’s people and to the for-
eign companies that have invested in Namibia’s mineral resources. As a result, half of the country’s people depend on subsistence farming, herding, and working in food industries.
Only 1.9 million people live in Namibia. It is one of the most sparsely populated countries in Africa. In fact, in the language of Namibia’s Nama ethnic group, namib means “the land without peo- ple.” Most Namibians belong to African ethnic groups. A small number are of European ancestry. Namibians speak African languages, whereas most of the white population speaks Afrikaans and English.
When did Namibia become an independent country?
Mozambique Sand dunes, swamps, and fine natural harbors line Mozambique’s
long Indian Ocean coastline. In the center of this Y-shaped country stretches a flat plain covered with grasses and tropical forests.
Most people in Mozambique are farmers. Some practice slash- and-burn farming—a method of clearing land for planting by cutting and burning forests. Slash-and-burn farming, along with com- mercial logging, has caused deforestation. Deforestation can, in turn, lead to flooding during the rainy season. Such floods drove more than one million people from their homes in early 2000. Mozambique also
Maputo, Mozambique
A high-rise building is being constructed in Maputo. Hotels and industrial projects are helping the city’s economy grow.
•
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Southern Africa—A Varied Region 617
experiences deadly cyclones. A cyclone is an intense storm system with heavy rain and high circular winds.
Mozambique’s major crops are cashews, cotton, sugarcane, tea, coconuts, and tropical fruits. The main source of income, however, comes from its seaports. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, and Malawi all pay to use the docks at Maputo, the capital,and other ports.
During the 1980s and early 1990s,a fierce civil war slowed industrial growth.In recent years,however, foreign companies have begun to invest in metal production, natural gas, fishing, and transportation services.
Most of Mozambique’s 17.5 million people belong to one of 16 major African ethnic groups. A former colony of Portugal, Mozambique’s official language is Portuguese, but most people speak African lan- guages. About half of the people practice traditional African religions. Most of the rest are Muslim or Christian.
What is a negative result of slash-and-burn farming?
Madagascar The island of Madagascar broke away from the African mainland
about 160 million years ago. As a result, it has many plants and animals that are not found elsewhere. Its economy relies on agriculture, includ- ing fishing and forestry. It produces most of the world’s vanilla beans. The main cash crop is coffee, and rice is also grown. About 80 percent of the island has been slashed and burned. The government has taken steps to save the remaining forests and to reduce poverty.
Only about 22 percent of Madagascar’s people are city dwellers. Antananarivo (AHN•tah•NAH•nah•REE•voh), the capital, lies in the central plateau. Called “Tana” for short, this city is known for its color- ful street markets, where craftspeople sell a variety of products.
Music revolves around dance rhythms that reflect Madagascar’s Southeast Asian and African heritage. The people are known for their rhythmic style of singing accompanied only by hand clapping.
Why does Madagascar have wildlife that appears nowhere else on the earth?
Small Island Countries Far from Africa in the Indian Ocean are three other island
republics—Comoros, Seychelles, and Mauritius. The people of these countries have many different backgrounds.
Comoros The three islands of Comoros were formed by volcanoes thousands of years ago. Dense tropical forests cover the islands today. Most of the approximately 600,000 people are farmers. The main crops are rice, vanilla, cloves, coconuts, and bananas. Even though agriculture employs 80 percent of the workforce, Comoros cannot grow enough food for its growing population. The government is try- ing to encourage industry, including tourism.
The people of Comoros are a mixture of Arabs, Africans, and peo- ple from Madagascar. They speak Arabic, French, and Comoran. Most
h This ring-tailed lemur lives on the island of Madagascar.
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AssessmentAssessment33
PeopleLand
Madagascar
Economy Culture
practice Islam. Once ruled by France, the people of Comoros declared their independence in 1975. Since then, they have suffered from fight- ing among political groups for control of the government.
Seychelles The country of Seychelles is a group of 86 islands. About half of the islands are granite with high green peaks. The rest are small, flat coral islands with few people. Nearly 90 percent of the country’s roughly 100,000 people live on Mahé, the largest island.
Seychelles was not inhabited until the 1700s. It has been under French and then British rule, but it finally became independent in 1976. Most of the country’s people are of mixed African, European, and Asian descent. Coconuts and cinnamon are the chief cash crops. Fishing and tourism are important industries as well.
Mauritius Like Comoros, the islands of Mauritius were formed by volcanoes.Palm-dotted white beaches line the coasts.Sugar is the main agricultural export. Major industries are located in Port Louis, the capital. Clothing and textiles account for about half of the country’s export earnings. Tourism is an important industry too.
Mauritians come from many different backgrounds. About 70 per- cent are descendants of settlers from India. The rest are of African, European, or Chinese ancestry. Because of this varied ethnic heritage, the foods of Mauritius have quite a mix of ingredients. You can sample Indian chicken curry, Chinese pork, African-made roast beef, and French-style vegetables.
What created the islands of Comoros and Mauritius?
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cyclone.
Recalling Facts 2. Economics What is Angola’s main source
of income?
3. Place Which two deserts are in Namibia?
4. Location Where are most of the world’s vanilla beans grown?
Critical Thinking 5. Understanding Cause and Effect Why
is Namibia one of the most sparsely popu- lated countries in Africa?
6. Evaluating Information How do the foods of Mauritius show its heritage?
Graphic Organizer 7. Organizing Information Create a diagram
like the one below. Then write facts about Madagascar that fit the category heading in each of the outer ovals.
Applying Social Studies Skills
8. Analyzing Maps Study the map of African inde- pendence dates on page . Which southern African country first achieved independence?
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country Boer apartheid township enclave
Main Idea South Africa has great mineral wealth and has recently seen major social and political changes. Economics Because of its abundant mineral resources, South Africa has the
most industrialized economy in Africa. Government In 1994 South Africa held its first democratic election in which
people from all ethnic groups could vote. Government South Africa is working to improve the lives of its poorer citizens.
Section 1 The New South AfricaSection 1
Reading ReviewReading Review
Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana Terms to Know copper belt sorghum
Main Idea Most of inland southern Africa is rich in resources and home to a wide variety of ethnic groups. Economics Zambia is one of the world’s largest producers of copper. Economics Zimbabwe has many mineral resources and good farmland. Economics Mining and tourism earn money for Botswana, but many of its
people work in South Africa for several months each year.
Section 2Section 2
farming cyclone
Main Idea Africa’s coastal and island countries are struggling to develop their economies. Economics Angola’s main source of income is oil. Culture Few Namibians benefit from
the country’s rich mineral wealth. Most live in poverty.
Human/Environment Interaction Slash-and-burn farming in Mozambique has led to deforestation and flooding. Neighboring countries pay fees for the use of Mozambique’s ports.
Location Madagascar’s island location has resulted in many plants and animals found nowhere else in the world.
Economics Comoros continues to be a mainly agricultural economy, but Mauritius has succeeded in developing a variety of industries.
Economics Eighty-six islands form the country of Seychelles.
Section 3Section 3
h A supermarket in Gabarone, Botswana, provides shoppers with a variety of food products.
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Chapter
5000 mi.
0 km
9. sorghum
10. enclave
Place Location Activity On a separate sheet of paper, match the letters on the map with the numbered places listed below.
Using Key Terms Match the terms in Part A with their definitions in Part B.
A.
b. storm with high circular winds
c. country that relies on manufacturing
d. small nation located inside a larger country
e. large area of copper mines
f. small part of a nation separated from the main part of the country
g. areas of forest are cleared by burning
h. tall grass used as grain and to make syrup
i. settlement outside cities in South Africa
j. Dutch farmer in South Africa
Reviewing the Main Ideas Section 1 The New South Africa 11. Location What is the southernmost point
of Africa? 12. History When was South Africa’s first
election allowing all people to vote? 13. Economics What is Lesotho’s only
important natural resource?
Section 2 Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana 14. Place What river crosses Zambia? 15. Economics Where is the copper belt? 16. Economics How are the people of
Malawi supported? 17. History What was Great Zimbabwe? 18. History Who ruled Botswana for nearly
80 years?
Section 3 Coastal and Island Countries 19. History What European country
colonized Angola? 20. Culture What does namib mean? 21. Culture What is the official language of
Mozambique? 22. Economics What is Madagascar’s main
cash crop?
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INDIAN OCEAN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Average Number of People per Square Mile
50 to 90 more than 91
Population Density of Southern African Countries
Directions: Study the map below, and then answer the question that follows.
Test-Taking Tip: This question involves recalling where countries are located as well as using the legend. Start with the answer choices. Think about what you learned about each country. You may be able to get rid of wrong answer choices simply by recalling these facts.
621
Social StudiesSocial StudiesSocial StudiesSocial Studies
Self-Check Quiz Visit The World and Its People Web site at twip.glencoe.com and click on —Self-Check Quizzes to prepare for the Chapter Test.
Industrialization
Positives Negatives
1. Of the following, which country has the fewest people per square mile? A Lesotho B Malawi C South Africa D Namibia
H
Critical Thinking 23. Supporting Generalizations What facts
support the statement “South Africa has the most industrialized economy in Africa”?
24. Evaluating Information Many countries of southern Africa are hoping to build and improve their industries. On a chart like the one below, list the positive and negative aspects of industrialization under the cor- rect headings.
Comparing Regions Activity 25. History Use the map on page to create
a time line that shows when each African country gained independence. In a different color, add dates that are important to the history of the United States civil rights movement. Do you see any overlap of the two sets of dates? Think about possible links between these two regions and their activities.
Mental Mapping Activity 26. Focusing on the Region Create a simple
outline map of southern Africa, and then label the following:
• Atlantic Ocean • Cape Town • Lesotho • Namib Desert • Madagascar • Mozambique • Angola • Indian Ocean • South Africa • Botswana
Technology Skills Activity 27. Using the Internet The Zulu are a well-
known ethnic group in Africa. Research this group on the Internet. Write a speech answering these questions: Who are the Zulu? How have they affected the history of southern Africa? Where do they live today?
Chapter 21
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Table of Contents
Correlation to the Core Content for Social Studies Assessment
Preparing for Standardized Tests
Reading for a Reason
Understanding What You Read
Thinking About Your Reading
How Do I Use Maps and Globes?
Understanding Latitude and Longitude
From Globes to Maps
Geographic Dictionary
Section 4: Landforms and Waterways
Chapter 1 Reading Review
Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and Vegetation
Section 1: The Water Planet
Section 2: Climate
Section 4: An Environmental Balance
Chapter 2 Reading Review
Section 1: Understanding Culture
Section 2: Population Patterns
Chapter 3 Reading Review
Unit 2: The United States and Canada
National Geographic Regional Atlas
Section 1: From Sea to Shining Sea
Section 2: An Economic Leader
Section 3: The Americans
Chapter 4 Reading Review
Chapter 5: Canada
Section 2: The Canadians
Chapter 5 Reading Review
Unit 3: Latin America
National Geographic Regional Atlas
Section 2: Mexico’s History
Section 3: Mexico Today
Chapter 6 Reading Review
Chapter 7: Central America and the Caribbean Islands
Section 1: Central America
Chapter 7 Reading Review
Chapter 8: Brazil and Its Neighbors
Section 1: Brazil—Emerging Giant
Section 2: Argentina to Venezuela
Chapter 8 Reading Review
Section 1: Colombia’s Cultures and Challenges
Section 2: Land and People of Peru and Ecuador
Section 3: The Bolivians and Chileans
Chapter 9 Reading Review
Unit 4: Europe
Section 1: Classical Greece and Rome
Section 2: Medieval Europe
Chapter 10 Reading Review
Section 1: The Modern Era Emerges
Section 2: A Divided Continent
Section 3: Moving Toward Unity
Chapter 11 Reading Review
Section 2: France and the Benelux Countries
Section 3: Germany and the Alpine Countries
Section 4: The Nordic Nations
Section 5: Southern Europe
Chapter 12 Reading Review
Chapter 13: The New Eastern Europe
Section 1: Poland and the Baltic Republics
Section 2: Hungarians, Czechs, and Slovaks
Section 3: Rebuilding the Balkan Countries
Section 4: Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova
Chapter 13 Reading Review
Unit 5: Russia and the Eurasian Republics
National Geographic Regional Atlas
Section 1: A Vast Land
Section 2: A Troubled History
Chapter 14 Reading Review
Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent Republics
Section 1: From Communism to Free Enterprise
Section 2: Russia’s People and Culture
Section 3: The Republics Emerge
Chapter 15 Reading Review
Unit 6: North Africa and Southwest Asia
National Geographic Regional Atlas
Section 1: Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt
Section 2: Three World Religions
Chapter 16 Reading Review
Section 1: Egypt
Chapter 17 Reading Review
Chapter 18: Southwest Asia
Section 2: Israel and the Palestinian Territories
Section 3: The Arabian Peninsula
Section 4: Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan
Chapter 18 Reading Review
Unit 7: Africa South of the Sahara
National Geographic Regional Atlas
Chapter 19: West Africa
Section 2: The Sahel and Coastal West Africa
Chapter 19 Reading Review
Chapter 20: Central and East Africa
Section 1: Central Africa
Section 3: Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi
Section 4: The Horn of Africa
Chapter 20 Reading Review
Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied Region
Section 1: The New South Africa
Section 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana
Section 3: Coastal and Island Countries
Chapter 21 Reading Review
Unit 8: Asia
Section 2: Pakistan and Bangladesh
Section 3: Mountain Kingdoms, Island Republics
Chapter 22 Reading Review
Chapter 23: China and Its Neighbors
Section 1: China’s Land and New Economy
Section 2: Dynasties to Communism
Section 3: China’s Neighbors
Chapter 23 Reading Review
Chapter 24: Japan and the Koreas
Section 1: Japan—Past and Present
Section 2: The Two Koreas
Chapter 24 Reading Review
Chapter 25: Southeast Asia
Section 2: Diverse Island Cultures
Chapter 25 Reading Review
Unit 9: Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica
National Geographic Regional Atlas
Section 2: New Zealand
Chapter 26 Reading Review
Section 1: Pacific Island Cultures and Economies
Section 2: The Frozen Continent
Chapter 27 Reading Review
Appendix
Standardized Test Skills Handbook
National Geographic Geography & History
Maps
Section 4: Landforms and Waterways
Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and Vegetation
Section 1: The Water Planet
Section 2: Climate
Section 4: An Environmental Balance
Chapter 3: The World's People
Section 1: Understanding Culture
Section 2: Population Patterns
Chapter 4: The United States
Section 1: From Sea to Shining Sea
Section 2: An Economic Leader
Section 3: The Americans
Section 2: The Canadians
Section 2: Mexico’s History
Section 3: Mexico Today
Section 1: Central America
Section 1: Brazil—Emerging Giant
Section 2: Argentina to Venezuela
Chapter 9: The Andean Countries
Section 1: Colombia’s Cultures and Challenges
Section 2: Land and People of Peru and Ecuador
Section 3: The Bolivians and Chileans
Chapter 10: Europe—Early History
Section 1: Classical Greece and Rome
Section 2: Medieval Europe
Chapter 11: Europe—Modern History
Section 1: The Modern Era Emerges
Section 2: A Divided Continent
Section 3: Moving Toward Unity
Chapter 12: Western Europe Today
Section 1: The British Isles
Section 2: France and the Benelux Countries
Section 3: Germany and the Alpine Countries
Section 4: The Nordic Nations
Section 5: Southern Europe
Section 1: Poland and the Baltic Republics
Section 2: Hungarians, Czechs, and Slovaks
Section 3: Rebuilding the Balkan Countries
Section 4: Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova
Chapter 14: Russia’s Landscape and History
Section 1: A Vast Land
Section 2: A Troubled History
Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent Republics
Section 1: From Communism to Free Enterprise
Section 2: Russia’s People and Culture
Section 3: The Republics Emerge
Chapter 16: Birthplace of Civilization
Section 1: Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt
Section 2: Three World Religions
Chapter 17: North Africa Today
Section 1: Egypt
Chapter 18: Southwest Asia
Section 2: Israel and the Palestinian Territories
Section 3: The Arabian Peninsula
Section 4: Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan
Chapter 19: West Africa
Section 2: The Sahel and Coastal West Africa
Chapter 20: Central and East Africa
Section 1: Central Africa
Section 3: Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi
Section 4: The Horn of Africa
Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied Region
Section 1: The New South Africa
Section 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana
Section 3: Coastal and Island Countries
Chapter 22: South Asia
Section 2: Pakistan and Bangladesh
Section 3: Mountain Kingdoms, Island Republics
Chapter 23: China and Its Neighbors
Section 1: China’s Land and New Economy
Section 2: Dynasties to Communism
Section 3: China’s Neighbors
Chapter 24: Japan and the Koreas
Section 1: Japan—Past and Present
Section 2: The Two Koreas
Chapter 25: Southeast Asia
Section 2: Diverse Island Cultures
Chapter 26: Australia and New Zealand
Section 1: Australia—Land Down Under
Section 2: New Zealand
Section 1: Pacific Island Cultures and Economies
Section 2: The Frozen Continent
Activity Workbook - Student Edition
Activity B: Identifying Landforms
Activity B: Charting Climate Characteristics
Chapter 3: The World's People
Activity A: Recognizing the Culture Regions
Activity B: Identifying Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
Chapter 4: The United States
Activity A: Identifying Major Landforms in the United States
Activity B: Recognizing the Features of Your Region
Chapter 5: Canada
Chapter 6: Mexico
Activity B: Understanding Mexico's Native American Heritage
Chapter 7: Central America and the Caribbean Islands
Activity A: Recognizing Central American Capitals
Activity B: Recognizing the Physical Characteristics of the Caribbean Islands
Chapter 8: Brazil and Its Neighbors
Activity A: Identifying Landforms in Brazil
Activity B: Identifying the History and Cultures of Caribbean South America
Chapter 9: The Andean Countries
Activity: Recognizing the Mineral Resources of the Andean Countries
Chapter 10: Europe—Early History
Activity A: Understanding the History of Early Europe
Activity B: Identifying Important Figures of the Renaissance and Reformation
Chapter 11: Europe—Modern History
Activity A: Analyzing Changes in European History
Activity B: Understanding the Cold War
Chapter 12: Western Europe Today
Activity A: Charting the Economies of Western Europe
Activity B: Identifying the Geographic Characteristics of Western Europe
Activity C: Identifying the Populations of Countries in Northern Europe
Activity D: Recognizing the Physical Characteristics of Southern Europe
Chapter 13: The New Eastern Europe
Activity A: Locating Eastern European Countries and Their Capital Cities
Activity B: Identifying Characteristics of Eastern Europe
Chapter 14: Russia’s Landscape and History
Activity A: Identifying Major Geographic Features of Russia
Activity B: Appreciating the History of Russia
Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent Republics
Activity A: Identifying Russia's Economic Regions
Activity B: Recognizing the Capitals of the Caucasus and Central Asia
Chapter 16: Birthplace of Civilization
Activity A: Recognizing Early Civilizations
Activity B: Identifying Religions of Southwest Asia
Chapter 17: North Africa Today
Activity A: Interpreting an Economic Activity Map of North Africa
Activity B: Creating and Interpreting a Pictograph
Chapter 18: Southwest Asia
Activity B: The Cities and People of Southwest Asia
Chapter 19: West Africa
Chapter 20: Central and East Africa
Activity A: Recognizing the Physical Characteristics of Central Africa
Activity B: Recognizing the History of East Africa
Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied Region
Activity: Recognizing the Resources in Southern Africa
Chapter 22: South Asia
Chapter 23: China and Its Neighbors
Activity A: Identifying the Landforms of China
Activity B: Recognizing China's People and Culture
Activity C: Identifying China's Neighbors and New Territories
Chapter 24: Japan and the Koreas
Activity A: Understanding Japan's History
Activity B: Recognizing the Location of Korea
Chapter 25: Southeast Asia
Activity A: Recognizing the Varied Features of Southeast Asian Countries
Activity B: Locating the Capital of Southeast Asia
Chapter 26: Australia and New Zealand
Activity: Understanding the Unique Characteristics of Australia and New Zealand
Chapter 27: Oceania and Antarctica
Activity A: Identifying the Geographic and Economic Characteristics of Oceania
Activity B: Recognizing the Unique Characteristics of Antarctica
Haitian Creole Summaries
Chapit 2: Dlo, Klima ak Vejetasyon
Chapit 3: Pèp Monn nan
Chapit 4: Lèzetazini
Chapit 5: Kanada
Chapit 6: Meksik
Chapit 8: Brezil ak Vwazen Li yo
Chapit 9: Peyi Zann yo
Chapit 10: Ewòp - Istwa Ansyen
Chapit 11: Ewòp - Istwa Modèn
Chapit 12: Ewòp De Lwès Jodi a
Chapit 13: Nouvo Ewòp de Lès la
Chapit 14: Peyizaj ak Istwa Larisi
Chapit 15: Nouvo Risi an ak Repiblik Endepandan yo
Chapit 16: Bèso Sivilizasyon an
Chapit 17: Afrik Dinè Jodi a
Chapit 18: Azi Di Sidwès
Chapit 19: Afrik De Lwès
Chapit 20: Afrik Sentral ak Afrik De Lès
Chapit 21: Sid Afrik la -Yon Rejyon Varye
Chapit 22: Lazi Disid
Chapit 24: Japon ak Kore yo
Chapit 25: Lazi di Sidès
Chapit 26: Ostrali ak Nouvèl Zelann
Chapit 27: Oseyani ak Antatik la
Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
Chapter 1: Looking at the Earth
Study Guide 1: Thinking Like a Geographer
Study Guide 2: The Earth in Space
Study Guide 3: Forces Shaping the Earth
Study Guide 4: Landforms and Waterways
Chapter 2: Water, Climate, and Vegetation
Study Guide 1: The Water Planet
Study Guide 2: Climate
Study Guide 4: An Environmental Balance
Chapter 3: The World's People
Study Guide 1: Understanding Culture
Study Guide 2: Population Patterns
Study Guide 3: Resources and World Trade
Study Guide 4: Technology “Shrinks” the World
Chapter 4: The United States
Study Guide 1: From Sea to Shining Sea
Study Guide 2: An Economic Leader
Study Guide 3: The Americans
Chapter 5: Canada
Study Guide 2: The Canadians
Chapter 6: Mexico
Study Guide 2: Mexico’s History
Study Guide 3: Mexico Today
Chapter 7: Central America and the Caribbean Islands
Study Guide 1: Central America
Study Guide 2: Cultures of the Caribbean
Chapter 8: Brazil and Its Neighbors
Study Guide 1: Brazil—Emerging Giant
Study Guide 2: Argentina to Venezuela
Chapter 9: The Andean Countries
Study Guide 1: Colombia’s Cultures and Challenges
Study Guide 2: Land and People of Peru and Ecuador
Study Guide 3: The Bolivians and Chileans
Chapter 10: Europe—Early History
Study Guide 1: Classical Greece and Rome
Study Guide 2: Medieval Europe
Study Guide 3: From Renaissance to Revolution
Chapter 11: Europe—Modern History
Study Guide 1: The Modern Era Emerges
Study Guide 2: A Divided Continent
Study Guide 3: Moving Toward Unity
Chapter 12: Western Europe Today
Study Guide 1: The British Isles
Study Guide 2: France and the Benelux Countries
Study Guide 3: Germany and the Alpine Countries
Study Guide 4: The Nordic Nations
Study Guide 5: Southern Europe
Chapter 13: The New Eastern Europe
Study Guide 1: Poland and the Baltic Republics
Study Guide 2: Hungarians, Czechs, and Slovaks
Study Guide 3: Rebuilding the Balkan Countries
Study Guide 4: Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova
Chapter 14: Russia’s Landscape and History
Study Guide 1: A Vast Land
Study Guide 2: A Troubled History
Chapter 15: The New Russia and Independent Republics
Study Guide 1: From Communism to Free Enterprise
Study Guide 2: Russia’s People and Culture
Study Guide 3: The Republics Emerge
Chapter 16: Birthplace of Civilization
Study Guide 1: Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt
Study Guide 2: Three World Religions
Chapter 17: North Africa Today
Study Guide 1: Egypt
Chapter 18: Southwest Asia
Study Guide 2: Israel and the Palestinian Territories
Study Guide 3: The Arabian Peninsula
Study Guide 4: Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan
Chapter 19: West Africa
Study Guide 2: The Sahel and Coastal West Africa
Chapter 20: Central and East Africa
Study Guide 1: Central Africa
Study Guide 2: People of Kenya and Tanzania
Study Guide 3: Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi
Study Guide 4: The Horn of Africa
Chapter 21: Southern Africa—A Varied Region
Study Guide 1: The New South Africa
Study Guide 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana
Study Guide 3: Coastal and Island Countries
Chapter 22: South Asia
Study Guide 2: Pakistan and Bangladesh
Study Guide 3: Mountain Kingdoms, Island Republics
Chapter 23: China and Its Neighbors
Study Guide 1: China’s Land and New Economy
Study Guide 2: Dynasties to Communism
Study Guide 3: China’s Neighbors
Chapter 24: Japan and the Koreas
Study Guide 1: Japan—Past and Present
Study Guide 2: The Two Koreas
Chapter 25: Southeast Asia
Study Guide 2: Diverse Island Cultures
Chapter 26: Australia and New Zealand
Study Guide 1: Australia—Land Down Under
Study Guide 2: New Zealand
Chapter 27: Oceania and Antarctica
Study Guide 1: Pacific Island Cultures and Economies
Study Guide 2: The Frozen Continent
Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition
Capítulo 1: Mirar la Tierra
Guía de estudio 1: Pensar como un geógrafo
Guía de estudio 2: La Tierra en el espacio
Guía de estudio 3: Las fuerzas que dan forma a la Tierra
Guía de estudio 4: Accidentes geográficos y vías fluviales
Capítulo 2: Agua, clima y vegetación
Guía de estudio 1: El planeta del agua
Guía de estudio 2: Clima
Guía de estudio 3: Zonas climáticas y la vegetación
Guía de estudio 4: Un equilibrio ambiental
Capítulo 3: Los pueblos del mundo
Guía de estudio 1: Comprender la cultura
Guía de estudio 2: Los patrones de población
Guía de estudio 3: Recursos y comercio mundial
Guía de estudio 4: La tecnología “encoge”el mundo
Capítulo 4: Estados Unidos
Guía de estudio 3: Los estadounidenses
Capítulo 5: Canadá
Guía de estudio 2: Los habitantes de Canadá
Capítulo 6: México
Guía de estudio 1: Geografía física y economía de México
Guía de estudio 2: Historia de México
Guía de estudio 3: México hoy
Capítulo 7: América Central y las islas del Caribe
Guía de estudio 1: América Central
Guía de estudio 2: Las culturas del Caribe
Capítulo 8: Brasil y sus vecinos
Guía de estudio 1: Un gigante que emerge
Guía de estudio 2: De Argentina a Venezuela
Capítulo 9: Los países Andinos
Guía de estudio 1: La cultura y los desafíos de Colombia
Guía de estudio 2: Los territorios y pueblos de Perú y Ecuador
Guía de estudio 3: Los bolivianos y los chilenos
Capítulo 10: Europa: historia antigua
Guía de estudio 1: Grecia y Roma clásicas
Guía de estudio 2: Europa medieval
Guía de estudio 3: Del Renacimiento a la revolución
Capítulo 11: Europa, su historia moderna
Guía de estudio 1: Comienzo de la era moderna
Guía de estudio 2: Un continente dividido
Guía de estudio 3: Hacia la unidad
Capítulo 12: Europa occidental en la actualidad
Guía de estudio 1: Las islas británicas
Guía de estudio 2: Francia y los países del Benelux
Guía de estudio 3: Alemania y los países alpinos
Guía de estudio 4: Los países nórdicos
Guía de estudio 5: Sur de Europa
Capítulo 13: La nueva Europa del este
Guía de estudio 1: Polonia y las repúblicas bálticas
Guía de estudio 2: Húngaros, checos y eslovacos
Guía de estudio 3: La reconstrucción de los países balcánicos
Guía de estudio 4: Ucrania, Bielorrusia y Moldavia
Capítulo 14: La geografía y la historia de Rusia
Guía de estudio 1: Una vasta tierra
Guía de estudio 2: Una historia de conflictos
Capítulo 15: La nueva Rusia y las repúblicas independientes
Guía de estudio 1: Del comunismo a la libre empresa
Guía de estudio 2: El pueblo y la cultura de Rusia
Guía de estudio 3: Las repúblicas emergen
Capítulo 16: Nacimiento de la civilización
Guía de estudio 1: Mesopotamia y Egipto antiguo
Guía de estudio 2: Tres religiones mundiales
Capítulo 17: África del norte en la actualidad
Guía de estudio 1: Egipto
Guía de estudio 2: Libia y el Magreb
Capítulo 18: Sudoeste de asia
Guía de estudio 1: Turquía, Siria, Líbano y Jordania
Guía de estudio 2: Israel y los territorios palestinos
Guía de estudio 3: La Península Arábiga
Guía de estudio 4: Irak, Irán y Afganistán
Capítulo 19: África Occidental
Guía de estudio 1: Nigeria: El gigante africanoe
Guía de estudio 2: El Sahel y la costa de África occidental
Capítulo 20: África central y del este
Guía de estudio 1: África central
Guía de estudio 2: Los habitantes de Kenia y Tanzania
Guía de estudio 3: Uganda, Ruanda y Burundi
Guía de estudio 4: El cuerno de África
Capítulo 21: África meridional: Una región variada
Guía de estudio 1: La nueva Sudáfrica
Guía de estudio 2: Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe y Botswana
Guía de estudio 3: Los países de la costa y de las islas
Capítulo 22: El sur de Asia
Guía de estudio 1: India: Pasado y presente
Guía de estudio 2: Paquistán y Bangladesh
Guía de estudio 3: Reinos en las montañas y repúblicas en las islas
Capítulo 23: China y países vecinos
Guía de estudio 1: El territorio de China y la nueva economía
Guía de estudio 2: De las dinastías al comunismo
Guía de estudio 3: Los países vecinos de China
Capítulo 24: Japón y las Coreas
Guía de estudio 1: Japón: pasado y presente
Guía de estudio 2: Las dos Coreas
Capítulo 25: El sudeste Asiático
Guía de estudio 1: La vida en el continente
Guía de estudio 2: La diversidad de las culturas isleñas
Capítulo 26: Australia y Nueva Zelanda
Guía de estudio 1: Australia: “La tierra del sur”
Guía de estudio 2: Nueva Zelanda
Capítulo 27: Oceanía y la Antártida
Guía de estudio 1: Culturas y economía de las islas del Pacífico
Guía de estudio 2: El continente helado
Spanish Summaries
Capítulo 2: El agua, el clima y la vegetación
Capítulo 3: La población mundial
Capítulo 4: Los Estados Unidos
Capítulo 5: Canadá
Capítulo 6: México
Capítulo 8: Brasil y sus vecinos
Capítulo 9: Los países andinos
Capítulo 10: Europa: historia antigua
Capítulo 11: Europa: historia moderna
Capítulo 12: Europa occidental hoy en día
Capítulo 13: Europa oriental hoy en día
Capítulo 14: Relieve e historia de Rusia
Capítulo 15: La nueva Rusia y las repúblicas independientes
Capítulo 16: La Cuna de la civilization
Capítulo 17: África del norte
Capítulo 18: El sudoeste asiático
Capítulo 19: África Occidental
Capítulo 21: África del sur: una región variada
Capítulo 22: El sureste asiático
Capítulo 23: China y sus vecinos
Capítulo 24: Japón y las Coreas
Capítulo 25: El sudeste asiático
Capítulo 26: Australia y Nueva Zelanda
Capítulo 27: Oceanía y la Antártida
Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition
Objectives Addressed in the Activities
Workbook Overview
Activity: Interpreting Diagrams
Activity: Making Inferences
Activity: Using a Bar Graph to Interpret Data
Activity: Analyzing a Political Cartoon
Activity: Recognizing a Point of View
Activity: Analyzing Graphs and Tables
Activity: Comparing and Contrasting
Activity: Using Time Lines
Activity: Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships
Activity: Solving a Problem
Activity: Identifying and Evaluating Sources
Activity: Making Decisions
Activity: Interpreting Graphs
Activity: Persuasive Writing About an Issue
Activity: Classifying Facts and Details
Activity: Forming Hypotheses
Activity: Drawing Conclusions
Activity: Detecting Bias
Activity: Predicting Outcomes
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