AS 60270—2001IEC 60270:2000

Australian Standard™

High-voltage test techniques—Partialdischarge measurements

AS 60270

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This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee EL-007, Power Switchgear. Itwas approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 20 August 2001and published on 28 September 2001.

The following interests are represented on Committee EL-007:Australasian Railway AssociationAustralian British Chamber of CommerceAustralian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers AssociationElectricity Supply Association of AustraliaInstitution of Engineers AustraliaTesting Interests (Australia)Transpower New ZealandWorkCover New South Wales

Keeping Standards up-to-dateStandards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology andsystems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, andnew editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued.Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselvesthey are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments whichmay have been published since the Standard was purchased.Detailed information about Standards can be found by visiting the StandardsAustralia web site at www.standards.com.au and looking up the relevant Standardin the on-line catalogue.Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January eachyear, and the monthly magazine, The Australian Standard, has a full listing ofrevisions and amendments published each month.We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especiallyencourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies orambiguities. Contact us via email at mail@standards.com.au, or write to the ChiefExecutive, Standards Australia International Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW2001.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 01020.

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AS 60270—2001

Australian Standard™

High-voltage test techniques—Partialdischarge measurements

Originated as AS 1018—1970.Previous edition AS 1018—1985.Revised and redesignated AS 60270—2001.

COPYRIGHT© Standards Australia InternationalAll rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of thepublisher.Published by Standards Australia International LtdGPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, AustraliaISBN 0 7337 4109 6

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ii

PREFACE

This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee EL-007, Power Switchgearto supersede AS 1018—1985.The objective of this Standard is to define the terms used, relevant quantities to be measured,and to describe test and measuring circuits and procedures for the measurement of partialdischarges in electrical equipment.This Standard is identical with and has been reproduced from IEC 60270:2000, High-voltagetest techniques—Partial discharge measurements.This Standard differs from AS 1018—1985 in the following areas:

(a) Definitions for partial discharge pulses and quantities related to partial discharge pulses,measuring systems and their characteristics and digital partial discharge instruments.

(b) Test circuits and measuring systems.

(c) Calibration of a measuring system in the complete test circuit and calibrators.

(d) Tests and test procedures.

(e) Measurement of uncertainty and sensitivity.A reference to an International Standard identified in the Normative References Clause bystrikethrough (example) is replaced by a reference to the Australian or Australian/New ZealandStandard(s) listed immediately thereafter and identified by shading (example). Where thestruck-through referenced document and the referenced Australian or Australian/New ZealandStandard are identical, this is indicated in parenthesis after the title of the latter.As this Standard is reproduced from an International Standard, the following applies:

(a) Its number does not appear on each page of text and its identity is shown only on thecover and title page.

(b) In the source text ‘this standard’ should read ‘this Australian Standard’.

(c) A full point should be substituted for a comma when referring to a decimal marker.The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define theapplication of the annex to which they apply. A normative annex is an integral part of aStandard, whereas an informative annex is only for information and guidance.

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iii

CONTENTS

Page1 Scope...............................................................................................................................12 Normative references .......................................................................................................23 Definitions ........................................................................................................................24 Test circuits and measuring systems ................................................................................6

4.1 General requirements ..............................................................................................64.2 Test circuits for alternating voltages ........................................................................74.3 Measuring systems for apparent charge ..................................................................7

4.3.1 General .......................................................................................................74.3.2 Coupling device ...........................................................................................74.3.3 Pulse train response of instruments for the measurement of apparent

charge .........................................................................................................84.3.4 Wide-band PD instruments ..........................................................................84.3.5 Wide-band PD instruments with active integrator .........................................94.3.6 Narrow-band PD instruments .......................................................................9

4.4 Requirements for measurements with digital PD-instruments...................................94.4.1 Requirements for measurement of apparent charge q ................................ 104.4.2 Requirements for measurement of test voltage magnitude and phase........ 10

4.5 Measuring systems for derived quantities .............................................................. 104.5.1 Coupling device ......................................................................................... 104.5.2 Instruments for the measurement of pulse repetition rate n........................ 104.5.3 Instruments for the measurement of average discharge current I ............... 104.5.4 Instruments for the measurement of discharge power P ............................. 114.5.5 Instruments for the measurement of quadratic rate D................................. 114.5.6 Instruments for the measurement of the radio disturbance voltage............. 11

4.6 Ultra-wide-band instruments for PD detection........................................................ 115 Calibration of a measuring system in the complete test circuit ........................................ 11

5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 115.2 Calibration procedure ............................................................................................ 12

6 Calibrators...................................................................................................................... 126.1 General ................................................................................................................. 126.2 Calibrators for the calibration of a measuring system in the complete test circuit ... 136.3 Calibrators for performance tests on measuring systems....................................... 13

7 Maintaining the characteristics of calibrators and measuring systems............................. 137.1 Schedule of tests................................................................................................... 147.2 Maintaining the characteristics of calibrators ......................................................... 14

7.2.1 Type tests on calibrators ........................................................................... 147.2.2 Routine tests on calibrators ....................................................................... 147.2.3 Performance tests on calibrators ............................................................... 147.2.4 Performance checks on calibrators ............................................................ 157.2.5 Record of performance .............................................................................. 15

7.3 Maintaining the characteristics of measuring systems ........................................... 157.3.1 Type tests on PD measuring systems ........................................................ 167.3.2 Routine tests on measuring systems ......................................................... 16

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Page7.3.3 Performance tests on measuring systems.................................................. 167.3.4 Performance checks for measuring systems .............................................. 167.3.5 Checks for additional capabilities of digital measuring systems ................. 177.3.6 Record of performance .............................................................................. 17

8 Tests .............................................................................................................................. 188.1 General requirements ............................................................................................ 188.2 Conditioning of the test object ............................................................................... 188.3 Choice of test procedure ....................................................................................... 18

8.3.1 Determination of the partial discharge inception and extinction voltages .... 198.3.2 Determination of the partial discharge magnitude at a specified test

voltage ...................................................................................................... 199 Measuring uncertainty and sensitivity ............................................................................. 1910 Disturbances .................................................................................................................. 2011 Partial discharge measurements during tests with direct voltage .................................... 20

11.1 General ................................................................................................................. 2011.2 Quantities related to partial discharges.................................................................. 2111.3 Voltages related to partial discharges.................................................................... 21

11.3.1 Partial discharge inception and extinction voltages .................................... 2111.3.2 Partial discharge test voltage..................................................................... 21

11.4 Test circuits and measuring systems ..................................................................... 2111.5 Tests ..................................................................................................................... 22

11.5.1 Choice of test procedures .......................................................................... 2211.5.2 Disturbances ............................................................................................. 22

Annex A (normative) Performance test on a calibrator .......................................................... 27Annex B (informative) Test circuits........................................................................................ 30Annex C (informative) Measurements on cables, gas insulated switchgear, powercapacitors and on test objects with windings ......................................................................... 32Annex D (informative) The use of radio disturbance (interference) meters for thedetection of partial discharges .............................................................................................. 33Annex E (informative) Guidelines to digital acquisition of partial discharge quantities ........... 35Annex F (informative) Non-electrical methods of PD detection .............................................. 38Annex G (informative) Disturbances...................................................................................... 39Figure 1 – Basic partial discharge test circuits ...................................................................... 23Figure 2 – Test circuit for measurement at a tapping of a bushing......................................... 24Figure 3 – Test circuit for measuring self-excited test objects ............................................... 24Figure 4 – Connections for the calibration of the complete test arrangement......................... 26Figure 5 – Correct relationship between amplitude and frequency to minimize integrationerrors for a wide-band system............................................................................................... 26Figure A.1 – Calibration of pulse calibrators.......................................................................... 29Figure D.1 – Variation of CISPR radio disturbance meter reading f(N) with repetitionfrequency N, for constant pulses........................................................................................... 34Figure E.1 – Output voltage signals Uout of two different PD measuring systems forapparent charge (double pulse) ............................................................................................ 37Table 1 – Pulse train response of PD instruments .................................................................. 8Table 2 – Tests required for calibrators................................................................................ 15Table 3 – Tests required for measuring systems .................................................................. 17

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www.standards.com.au Standards Australia

1

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard

High-voltage test techniques—Partial discharge measurements

Any IEC table, figure or passage of text that is struck-through is not part of this Standard. AnyAustralian table, figure or passage of text that is added (and identified by shading) is part ofthis Standard.

1 Scope

This International Standard is applicable to the measurement of partial discharges whichoccur in electrical apparatus, components or systems when tested with alternating voltagesup to 400 Hz or with direct voltage.

This standard

– defines the terms used;

– defines the quantities to be measured;

– describes test and measuring circuits which may be used;

– defines analogue and digital measuring methods required for common applications;

– specifies methods for calibration and requirements of instruments used for calibration;

– gives guidance on test procedures;

– gives some assistance concerning the discrimination of partial discharges fromexternal interference.

The provisions of this standard should be used in the drafting of specifications relating topartial discharge measurements for specific power apparatus. It deals with electricalmeasurements of impulsive (short-duration) partial discharges, but reference is also made tonon-electrical methods primarily used for partial discharge location (see annex F).

Diagnosis of the behaviour of specific power apparatus can be aided by digital processing ofpartial discharge data (see annex E) and also by non-electrical methods that are primarilyused for partial discharge location (see annex F).

This standard is primarily concerned with electrical measurements of partial dischargesmade during tests with alternating voltage, but specific problems which arise when tests aremade with direct voltage are considered in clause 11.

The terminology, definitions, basic test circuits and procedures often also apply to tests withother frequencies, but special test procedures and measuring system characteristics, whichare not considered in this standard, may be required.

Annex A provides normative requirements for performance tests on calibrators.

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