6.1 acids and bases snc2d. properties of acids acids: taste sour taste sour
TRANSCRIPT
6.1 Acids and 6.1 Acids and BasesBases
SNC2DSNC2D
Properties of AcidsProperties of Acids
Acids:Acids: taste sourtaste sour
Properties of AcidsProperties of Acids
Acids:Acids: taste sourtaste sour are corrosiveare corrosive
(react with metals to produce (react with metals to produce hydrogen gas)hydrogen gas)
Properties of AcidsProperties of Acids
Acids:Acids: taste sourtaste sour are corrosiveare corrosive
(react with metals to produce (react with metals to produce hydrogen gas)hydrogen gas)
release hydrogen ions (Hrelease hydrogen ions (H++) in ) in solution (therefore, the physical solution (therefore, the physical state is always aqueous)state is always aqueous)
Examples of AcidsExamples of Acids
acetic acidacetic acid
HCHC22HH33OO2 (aq)2 (aq)
Examples of AcidsExamples of Acids
acetic acid (in vinegar)acetic acid (in vinegar)
HCHC22HH33OO2 (aq)2 (aq)
Examples of AcidsExamples of Acids
acetic acid (in vinegar)acetic acid (in vinegar)
HCHC22HH33OO2 (aq)2 (aq)
citric acid (in citrus fruit)citric acid (in citrus fruit)
HH33CC66HH55OO7 (aq)7 (aq)
Examples of AcidsExamples of Acids
acetic acid (in vinegar)acetic acid (in vinegar)
HCHC22HH33OO2 (aq)2 (aq)
citric acid (in citrus fruit)citric acid (in citrus fruit)
HH33CC66HH55OO7 (aq)7 (aq)
carbonic acidcarbonic acid
HH22COCO3 (aq)3 (aq)
Examples of AcidsExamples of Acids
acetic acid (in vinegar)acetic acid (in vinegar)
HCHC22HH33OO2 (aq)2 (aq)
citric acid (in citrus fruit)citric acid (in citrus fruit)
HH33CC66HH55OO7 (aq)7 (aq)
carbonic acid (in soft drinks)carbonic acid (in soft drinks)
HH22COCO3 (aq)3 (aq)
Examples of AcidsExamples of Acids
acetic acid (in vinegar)acetic acid (in vinegar)
HCHC22HH33OO2 (aq)2 (aq)
citric acid (in citrus fruit)citric acid (in citrus fruit)
HH33CC66HH55OO7 (aq)7 (aq)
carbonic acid (in soft drinks)carbonic acid (in soft drinks)
HH22COCO3 (aq)3 (aq)
hydrochloric acidhydrochloric acid
HCl HCl (aq)(aq)
Examples of AcidsExamples of Acids
acetic acid (in vinegar)acetic acid (in vinegar)
HCHC22HH33OO2 (aq)2 (aq)
citric acid (in citrus fruit)citric acid (in citrus fruit)
HH33CC66HH55OO7 (aq)7 (aq)
carbonic acid (in soft drinks)carbonic acid (in soft drinks)
HH22COCO3 (aq)3 (aq)
hydrochloric acid (in your digestive hydrochloric acid (in your digestive system)system)
HCl HCl (aq)(aq)
Naming AcidsNaming Acids
Binary acidsBinary acids (hydrogen + a single (hydrogen + a single element) are called hydro_______ic element) are called hydro_______ic acids acids
e.g. e.g. HH22SS(aq)(aq) is hydrosulphuric acid is hydrosulphuric acid
Naming AcidsNaming Acids
OxyacidsOxyacids (hydrogen + a polyatomic ion) are (hydrogen + a polyatomic ion) are called:called:
_______ic acids if the name of the ion ends in _______ic acids if the name of the ion ends in -ate-ate
_____ous acids if the name of the ion ends in _____ous acids if the name of the ion ends in –ite–ite
e.g. e.g. HNOHNO3(aq)3(aq) is nitr is nitricic acid (NO acid (NO33-- is nitr is nitrateate))
HNOHNO2(aq)2(aq) is nitr is nitrousous acid (NO acid (NO22-- is nitr is nitriteite))
The following steps should be followed when writing acid formulas.
1. Determine whether it is a binary acid or an oxyacid. If it is a binary acid, the name starts with hydro- . If it is a oxyacid, the name doesn’t start with hydro-.
2. Find the ion symbols and their charges using a periodic table and then cross over the charges.
1. If the oxyacid ends with -ic, the polyatomic ion’s name must end with -ate.
2.If the oxyacid ends with –ous, the polyatomic ion’s name must end with –ite.
Writing Chemical Writing Chemical FormulasFormulas
1. phosphoric acid
a. does not start with hydro- , so it is an oxyacid
b. look for the polyatomic that ends in –ate, since the acid name ends in –ic (phosphate)
c. cross over the charges, H+ PO43-
H3PO4 (aq)
Writing Chemical Writing Chemical FormulasFormulas
2. hydrobromic acid
a. starts with hydro- , so it is a binary acid
b. look for the symbol and charges in the periodic table
c. cross over the charges, H+ Br-
HBr (aq)
Properties of BasesProperties of Bases
Bases:Bases: taste bittertaste bitter
Properties of BasesProperties of Bases
Bases:Bases: taste bittertaste bitter feel slipperyfeel slippery
Properties of BasesProperties of Bases
Bases:Bases: taste bittertaste bitter feel slipperyfeel slippery are corrosive (break down proteins)are corrosive (break down proteins)
Properties of BasesProperties of Bases
Bases:Bases: taste bittertaste bitter feel slipperyfeel slippery are corrosive (break down proteins)are corrosive (break down proteins) release hydroxide ions (OHrelease hydroxide ions (OH--) in ) in
solutionsolution
Examples of BasesExamples of Bases
Sodium hydroxide NaOHSodium hydroxide NaOH Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)22
Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)33
Examples of BasesExamples of Bases
Sodium hydroxide NaOHSodium hydroxide NaOH Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)22
Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)33
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCOSodium bicarbonate NaHCO33
Ammonia NHAmmonia NH33
Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.
The following steps should be followed when writing base formulas.
1. Use the periodic table and table of polyatomic ions to identify the symbols for the cation and anion in the base and their charges.
2. Cross over the charges.
Writing Formulas for Writing Formulas for BasesBases
e.g. : magnesium hydroxide
Mg2+ OH-
Mg(OH)2
Strong and WeakStrong and Weak
Some acids and bases are much Some acids and bases are much stronger (have a higher stronger (have a higher concentration of ions in solution) concentration of ions in solution) than others.than others.
e.g.e.g. nitric acid is a strong acid;nitric acid is a strong acid;
ammonia is a weak baseammonia is a weak base