6.1 Industrial Revolution Spreads

The first phase of industrialization had largely been made-up from iron, powered by steam

engines, and driven by the British textile industry. By the mid-1800s, the Industrial Revolution

entered a second phase. New industrial powers emerged. Factories powered by electricity used innovative processes to turn out new products. Changes in business organization contributed to

the rise of giant companies. As the twentieth century begin, this second Industrial Revolution

transformed the economies of the Western world.

I. New Industrial Powers Emerge

• By 1807, other countries were starting to catch up to Britain.

• End of 1800s, Germany was Europe’s leading industrial power.

• US was the leading industrial nation, manufacturing 30% of world’s goods

Thanks to William Cockerill, Belgium was the 2nd country

to industrialize.

Industrial nations competed with each other, changing patterns of world trade. Western powers came to dominate the world more than

ever before.

II. Technology Sparks Industrial Growth

Henry Bessemer Turned iron into steel. Steel was lighter,

harder, and more durable than iron meaning…it’s cheaper!

Steel could be used for tools, bridges, and railroads.

Michael Faraday

Invented dynamite. Safer form of explosion.

Used in construction and warfare.

Created the dynamo, machine that generates

electricity.

Thomas Edison

Invented the light bulb.

III. Transportation and Communication Advances

• The automobile age begins.– Nikolaus Otto invented gas-powered

internal combustion engine– Karl Benz patented the first 3 wheel

automobile– Gottlieb Daimler introduced first 4 wheel – Henry Ford used assembly line to mass-

produce cars.

IV. Business Takes a New Direction

• Big business required investing a lot of money.– Owners sold stocks which formed corporations.

• Powerful corporations created monopolies– Groups of corporations formed cartels to

control markets• “captains of industry” or “robber

barons”.

Ms. Dang’s Assembly LineYou’ve just been hired by Dang Industries to

reproduce a product as many times as possible in a given time period. Each of you will be specializing in one aspect of the product.

1. Class is divided into 3 groups. 2. Number off 1 - 133. Each group will work together in an assembly line to make production.4. Based on your number, these will be your job assignments…

Job AssignmentsWorker 1 – Cut out the 4 squares Worker 2 & 3 – Cut out the car outlineWorker 4 – Color the tires blackWorker 5 – Color the ice cream cone brownWorker 6 - Color the license plate blue Worker 7 – Color the bell yellowWorker 8 – Color the middle ice cream green Worker 9 – Color the right ice cream purpleWorker 10 – Color the back door redWorker 11 – Color the top of the car greenWorker 12 – Color the body of the car yellowWorker 13 – Inspect the “quality” of the car

Job AssignmentsWorker 1 – Cut out the 4 squares Worker 2 – Color the tires blackWorker 3 – Color the ice cream cone brownWorker 4 - Color the license plate blue Worker 5 – Color the bell yellowWorker 6 – Color the ice cream green and purpleWorker 7 – Color the back door redWorker 8 – Color the background greenWorker 9 – Color the body of the car yellow

Simulation Reflection• Describe how you felt while working on

the assembly line.• How did members of your group cope

with the stress or tedium?• How would you compare this to

independent work?• What are the negative aspects of mass

production?• What are the positive aspects?