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HUNTING FOR THE DARK: THE HIDDEN SIDE OF GALAXY FORMATION

HUNTING FOR THE DARK: THE HIDDEN SIDE OF GALAXY FORMATION


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Melville, New York, 2010AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 1240

SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONSMalta Council for Science & Technology (MCST)Royal Astronomical SocietyUniversity of MaltaUniversity of Central LancashireHeritage MaltaToyota,Michael Debono LimitedAir MaltaFarsons

EDITORS Victor P .DebattistaCristina C.Popescu

University of Central Lancashire,UK

Qawra,Malta 19 – 23 October 2009

HUNTING FOR THE DARK: THE HIDDEN SIDE OF GALAXY FORMATIONProceedings of the International Conference


EditorsVictor P. DebattistaCristina C. PopescuJeremiah Horrocks InstituteUniversity of Central LancashirePR1 2HE Preston, UK

E-mail: [email protected]@uclan.ac.uk

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CONTENTS

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiiAcknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xivWelcome Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

G. Bromage

INTRODUCTION

The Dark and Light Side of Galaxy Formation: Is an End in Sight? . . . . . . . . . 3B. Moore

Baryons and Their Halos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13S. McGaugh

The Decade of Galaxy Formation: Pitfalls in the Path Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17S. P. Driver

The Dark and Dusty Side of Galaxy Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29S. Serjeant

SESSION 1: DUST, STAR FORMATION AND AGN

The Evolution of Galaxies: An Infrared Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35C. C. Popescu and R. J. Tuffs

The AKARI Extragalactic Large Area Survey: Towards the NorthEcliptic Pole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

T. Takagi, Y. Ohyama, H. Matsuhara, T. Wada, S. Oyabu, T. Goto, H. Hanami,C. P. Pearson, S. Serjeant, M. Negrello, G. J. White, H. M. Lee, M. Im, andM. Malkan

Dust and Stars: Galaxies in the AKARI Deep Field South (ADF-S) . . . . . . . . . . 51A. Pollo, K. Malek, T. T. Takeuchi, P. Bienias, M. Shirahata, S. Matsuura, andM. Kawada

Cosmic Star Formation History Revealed by the AKARI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55T. Goto, M. Yagi, C. Yamauchi, and the AKARI NEPD Team

The Star Formation Rate Functions at z!0–1: The Latter Half of theHistory of Visible and Hidden Star Formation in the Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

T. T. Takeuchi, V. Buat, D. Burgarella, E. Giovannoli, K. L. Murata,J. Iglesias-Páramo, and J. Hernández-Fernández

Spitzer’s Mid-Infrared View on Dusty Galaxy Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63E. Sturm

Luminous Buried AGNs in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72M. Imanishi

Mid-Infrared Spectral Diagnostics of Luminous Infrared Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . 76A. Petric and the GOALS Collaboration

Starburst or AGN Dominance in Submillimetre-Luminous CandidateAGN? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

K. Coppin, A. Pope, K. Menéndez-Delmestre, D. M. Alexander, and J. Dunlop

v


Molecular Gas in Violent Phases of Galaxy Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82P. Guillard, F. Boulanger, N. P. H. Nesvadba, M. E. Cluver, P. N. Appleton, P. Ogle,and G. Pineau des Forêts

Dust Emission from Stephan’s Quintet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85G. Natale, R. J. Tuffs, J. Fischera, N. Lu, C. C. Popescu, C. K. Xu, P. Appleton,F. Boulanger, M. Dopita, P. Duc, Y. Gao, P. Ogle, G. Pineau des Forêts, W. Reach,J. Sulentic, and M. Yun

Infrared Properties of the Halo, Bulge and Disk of the Edge-on GalaxyNGC 7814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

E. Simmat, R. J. Tuffs, and C. C. PopescuObserving Cold Dust with Herschel/SPIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

B. Schulz and the SPIRE ConsortiumInfrared SED Model for Young Galaxies: Effect of SN Reverse Shock andShattering on Dust Grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

T. T. Takeuchi, T. T. Ishii, H. Hirashita, T. Nozawa, and T. Kozasa

SESSION 2: GAS AND STAR FORMATION

HI and Star Formation Properties of Massive Galaxies: First Resultsfrom the GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

B. Catinella, D. Schiminovich, and G. KauffmannThe Episodic Star Formation History of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies . . . 99

J. H. Kim and S. S. McGaughThe GALEX Extended Mission: Surveying UV Tracers of the HiddenSide of Galaxy Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

D. C. Martin and the GALEX Science TeamOn the Kennicutt-Schmidt Relation of Low-Metallicity High-RedshiftGalaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

N. Y. Gnedin and A. V. KravtsovThe Evolution of Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies: Disks or Spheroids? . . . 119

D. J. Pisano, C. A. Garland, K. Rabidoux, S. Wolfe, R. Guzmán, J. Pérez-Gallego, andF. J. Castander

Chemodynamical Simulations with Variable IMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123C. Kobayashi

Post-Starburst Galaxies: Why Aren’t They Forming Stars? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127S. De Rijcke, P. Buyle, D. J. Pisano, K. Freeman, and H. Dejonghe

The Circum-Galactic Gas around Cosmologically Simulated Disks . . . . . . . . . 131S. Courty, B. K. Gibson, and R. Teyssier

Gas Circulation and Galaxy Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135F. Fraternali

Hot Gas Halos in Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146J. S. Mulchaey and T. E. Jeltema

Modeling a High Velocity LMC: The Formation of the Magellanic Stream . . 150C. Mastropietro

Are Galactic Coronae Thermally Unstable? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154C. Nipoti

vi


The Environments of Distant Radio Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158J. Bryant

Semi-Analytic Models on the Molecular and Neutral Gas in Galaxies . . . . . . . 160J. Fu, Q. Guo, and G. Kauffmann

What We Can Learn from the HI Properties of Galaxies—GalaxiesAppear Simpler than Expected? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

D. A. Garcia-Appadoo, A. A. West, J. J. Dalcanton, and M. J. DisneyThe WSRT HALOGAS Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

G. Heald, G. I. G. Józsa, P. Serra, T. A. Oosterloo, R. Sancisi, F. Fraternali,R. J. Rand, R. A. M. Walterbos, E. J!tte, and G. Gentile

Galactic Fountains and Gas Accretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166F. Marinacci, J. Binney, F. Fraternali, C. Nipoti, L. Ciotti, and P. Londrillo

The VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey: History of the Galaxy Clustering in theUniverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

A. Pollo and the VVDS TeamHot Halo Gas in Galaxy Mergers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

M. Sinha and K. Holley-BockelmannMetallicity of the Polar Disk in NGC4650A: Constraints for ColdAccretion Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

M. Spavone, E. Iodice, M. Arnaboldi, O. Gerhard, R. Saglia, and G. LongoGalaxy Formation through Winds, Infall and Merger: Learning fromGalactic Archaeology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

T. TsujimotoThe Relation between Gas Accretion and Resolved Star Formation inGalaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

J. Wang, G. Kauffmann, and R. Overzier

SESSION 3: BULGES, NUCLEI AND SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES

Formation of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries and Massive Seed SMBHsin Gas-Rich Merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

L. MayerBulges of Nearby Galaxies—What Are the Structures We See in theCenters of Disk Galaxies? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

N. Drory, D. B. Fisher, and M. H. FabriciusHigh-Redshift Clumpy Discs in Cosmological AMR Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . 199

D. CeverinoWhy Outflows Have Low Angular Momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

C. Brook, F. Governato, R. Ro!kar, A. Brooks, L. Mayer, T. Quinn, and J. WadsleyBlack Hole-Bulge Relations of Megamaser Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

J. E. Greene, C. Y. Peng, C.-Y. Kuo, and J. A. BraatzTesting Mass Determinations of Supermassive Black Holes via StellarKinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

M. Cappellari, R. M. McDermid, R. Bacon, R. L. Davies, P. T. de Zeeuw,E. Emsellem, J. Falcón-Barroso, D. Krajnovi", H. Kuntschner, R. F. Peletier, M. Sarzi,R. C. E. van den Bosch, and G. van de Ven

vii


Measuring the Low Mass End of the M!-" Relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215D. Krajnovi", R. M. McDermid, M. Cappellari, and R. L. Davies

A New Estimation of SMBH Mass Function in the Local Universe . . . . . . . . . 219M. Vika and S. P. Driver

Do Nuclear Star Clusters and Supermassive Black Holes Follow the SameHost-Galaxy Correlations? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

P. Erwin and D. GadottiNuclear Star Clusters and Black Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

A. Seth, M. Cappellari, N. Neumayer, N. Caldwell, N. Bastian, K. Olsen, R. Blum,V. P. Debattista, R. McDermid, T. Puzia, and A. Stephens

Black Hole Binary Mergers within Gas Discs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231J. Cuadra

Supermassive Black Hole Formation inside Primordial Black Hole Clusters . . 235V. I. Dokuchaev, Yu. N. Eroshenko, and R. G. Rubin

A Minor-Merger Origin for Inner Disks and Rings in Early-Type Galaxies . . 237M. C. Eliche-Moral, A. C. González-García, M. Balcells, J. A. L. Aguerri, J. Gallego,and J. Zamorano

Velocity Dispersions across Bulge Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239M. Fabricius, R. Saglia, N. Drory, D. Fisher, R. Bender, and U. Hopp

Mapping Star Forming and AGN Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241J. Gerssen, D. Wilman, and L. Christensen

Structural and Kinematical Constraints on the Formation of StellarNuclear Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

M. Hartmann, V. P. Debattista, A. Seth, M. Cappellari, and T. QuinnIntermediate Mass Black Holes in Galactic Globular Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

B. Jalali, M. Kissler-Patig, K. Gebhardt, E. Noyola, and N. NeumayerExploring Galaxy Formation and Evolution via Structural Decomposition . . . 247

L. Kelvin, S. Driver, A. Robotham, D. Hill, and E. CameronLarge Scale Environments of Nearby Quasars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

H. Lietzen, P. Heinämäki, P. Nurmi, L. J. Liivamägi, E. Saar, E. Tago, E. Tempel,M. Einasto, J. Einasto, M. Gramann, and L. O. Takalo

Inner Polar Disks and Rings: How Do They Form? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251A. Moiseev, O. Sil’chenko, and I. Katkov

The Role of Bars on Bulge Formation: Stellar Line-Strength Indices ofBulges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

I. Pérez and P. Sánchez-BlázquezStar-Forming Ring Relics in the Centers of Early-Type Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . 255

O. Sil’chenko

SESSION 4: FAINT COMPONENTS

Outer Disks: Radial Migration and Misaligned Gas Infall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259R. Ro!kar, V. P. Debattista, T. R. Quinn, and F. Governato

Stellar Disk Truncations: HI Density and Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263I. Trujillo and J. Bakos

viii


Galaxy Formation from the Edge: Science Enabled by Large-ScaleStellar Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

K. V. JohnstonStudying the Kinematics of Faint Stellar Populations with the PlanetaryNebula Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

M. R. Merrifield and the PN. S ConsortiumProbing the Merger History of Red Early-Type Galaxies with Their FaintStellar Substructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

L. Michel-Dansac, M. Martig, F. Bournaud, E. Emsellem, P. A. Duc, and F. CombesMulti-Wavelength Characterization of the Outskirts of Spiral Galaxies . . . . . 287

J. Bakos and I. TrujilloRevealing S0 Galaxies’ Formation Histories Using the Stellar Kinematicsof the Faint Outer Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

A. Cortesi, M. R. Merrifield, E. Nordermeer, L. Coccato, S. Bamford,N. R. Napolitano, M. Arnaboldi, O. Gerhard, A. J. Romanowsky, P. Das,N. G. Douglas, K. Kuijken, K. C. Freeman, and M. Capaccioli

Searching for Tidal Remnants in the Milky Way: Photometric Survey ofGlobular Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

J. A. Carballo-Bello, D. Martínez-Delgado, and A. SollimaGalactic Stellar Haloes in the CDM Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

A. P. Cooper, S. Cole, C. S. Frenk, S. D. M. White, G. De Lucia, A. Helmi,A. J. Benson, A. Jenkins, J. Navarro, V. Springel, and J. Wang

A Super-Deep Study of the Outskirts of Haro 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295G. Micheva, E. Zackrisson, G. #stlin, and N. Bergvall

Tidal Structures around Nearby ‘Isolated’ AGNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297A. A. Smirnova, A. V. Moiseev, and V. L. Afanasiev

Direct Detection of Galaxy Stellar Halos: NGC 3957 as a Test Case . . . . . . . . 299M. Tafelmeyer

Wandering Stars: An Origin of Escaped Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301M. Teyssier, K. V. Johnston, and M. Shara

Testing Galaxy Evolution in Group Environment. The NGC 6962 Group . . . . 303J. Vennik

Red Halos Revealed by Surface Photometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305E. Zackrisson, N. Bergvall, and G. Micheva

SESSION 5: DARK MATTER

Dark Matter from the Observational Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309K. C. Freeman

Dark Matter Tested with Satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319F. Combes and O. Tiret

A Multiscale Approach to Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323D. Wilman, S. Zibetti, and T. Budavári

The Many Manifestations of Downsizing: Hierarchical Models ConfrontObservations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

F. Fontanot

ix


Scaling Relations for Early-Type (Red-Sequence) Galaxies in the Virgoand Fornax Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

P. CôtéThe ATLAS3D Project: A Paradigm Shift for Early-Type Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . 335

E. Emsellem, K. Alatalo, L. Blitz, M. Bois, F. Bournaud, M. Bureau, M. Cappellari,R. L. Davies, T. A. Davis, P. T. de Zeeuw, S. Khochfar, D. Krajnovi", H. Kuntschner,P.-Y. Lablanche, R. M. McDermid, R. Morganti, T. Naab, T. Oosterloo, M. Sarzi,N. Scott, P. Serra, A. Weijmans, and L. M. Young

Probing the 2-D Kinematic Structure of Early-Type Galaxies Out to 3Effective Radii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

R. N. Proctor, D. A. Forbes, A. J. Romanowsky, J. P. Brodie, J. Strader, M. Spolaor,J. T. Mendel, and L. Spitler

Superdense and Normal Early-Type Galaxies at 1 < z < 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343P. Saracco, M. Longhetti, and A. Gargiulo

The Star Formation Histories of Red-Sequence Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347M. J. Hudson, S. P. Allanson, R. J. Smith, and J. R. Lucey

Digging for Formational Clues in the Halos of Early-Type Galaxies . . . . . . . . 351A. J. Romanowsky

Milky Way Satellite Properties in a #CDM Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355A. V. Macciò

The Dark Matter Content of Early-Type Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359I. Ferreras

Biases in Mass Estimates of dSph Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363E. L. "okas, S. Kazantzidis, J. Klimentowski, and L. Mayer

Testing Galaxy Formation Scenarios with a New Mass Estimator . . . . . . . . . . 367J. Wolf

Kinematic Mass Measurements of Inner and Outer Spiral Disks . . . . . . . . . . . 371K. A. Herrmann and R. Ciardullo

Are Stellar Over-Densities in Dwarf Galaxies the “Smoking Gun” ofTriaxial Dark Matter Haloes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

J. Peñarrubia, M. G. Walker, and G. GilmorePolar Disk Galaxies as New Way to Study Galaxy Formation: The Caseof NGC4650A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

E. IodiceMeasuring Dark Matter by Modeling Interacting Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

H. P. Petsch, A. Ru#i$ka, and Ch. TheisHI Velocity Dispersions and Flaring: Disk Masses and the Shape of DarkMatter Halos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

P. C. van der Kruit, also on behalf of J. C. O’Brien and K. C. FreemanA Dark Matter Disc in the Milky Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

J. I. Read, T. Bruch, L. Baudis, V. P. Debattista, O. Agertz, L. Mayer, A. M. Brooks,F. Governato, A. H. G. Peter, and G. Lake

New Tools for Probing the Phase Space Structure of Dark Matter Halos . . . . 395M. Valluri, V. P. Debattista, T. Quinn, and B. Moore

Dark Satellites of the Milky Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399T. Okamoto

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Spin Flips: Variation in the Orientation of Dark Matter Halos over TheirMerger Histories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

P. E. BettFormation of Slowly Rotating Elliptical Galaxies in Major Mergers: AResolution Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

M. Bois, F. Bournaud, E. Emsellem, K. Alatalo, L. Blitz, M. Bureau, M. Cappellari,R. L. Davies, T. A. Davis, P. T. de Zeeuw, J. Falcón-Barroso, S. Khochfar,D. Krajnovi", H. Kuntschner, P.-Y. Lablanche, R. M. McDermid, R. Morganti,T. Naab, M. Sarzi, N. Scott, P. Serra, R. C. E. Van den Bosch, G. Van de Ven,A. Weijmans, and L. M. Young

Origin and Evolution of Galactic Spin from Looking at Galaxy Pairs . . . . . . . 407B. Cervantes-Sodi, X. Hernandez, and C. Park

Analytical Predictions for the Fundamental Parameters of Disk Galaxies . . . 409L. Darriba and J. M. Solanes

Measuring the Local Dark Matter Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411S. Garbari, G. Lake, and J. Read

Disk Heating: Comparing the Milky Way with Cosmological Simulations . . . 413E. L. House, C. B. Brook, and B. K. Gibson

Determining Orbits for the Milky Way’s Dwarfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415H. Lux, J. I. Read, and G. Lake

Wide Field Views of M31’s dE Satellites: NGC 147 and NGC 185 . . . . . . . . . . 417N. E. D. Noël, A. M. N. Ferguson, and M. J. Irwin

Normalized Hubble Diagrams for Simulated Galaxy Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419P. Nurmi, P. Heinämäki, P. Teerikorpi, and A. Chernin

The Origin of the Diversity of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421Y. Revaz and P. Jablonka

Galaxy Disk Heating as a Result of Minor Mergers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423M. T. Tapia, M. Balcells, and M. C. Eliche-Moral

Hundreds of Milky Way Satellites and a Fundamental Curve ConnectingDark Matter Halos to Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

E. J. TollerudTidal Stripping of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

S. Valcke, S. De Rijcke, and H. DejongheGalaxy Physics via the Disk Stellar Velocity Ellipsoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

K. B. Westfall, M. A. Bershady, M. A. W. Verheijen, T. P. K. Martinsson,D. R. Andersen, and R. A. Swaters

Dark Matter and the Tully-Fisher Relations of Spiral and S0 Galaxies . . . . . . 431M. J. Williams, M. Bureau, and M. Cappellari

List of Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433Photo Gallery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

xi


xiii


xiv


Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, UK

xv


xvi


Galactic Fountains and Gas AccretionF. Marinacci!, J. Binney†, F. Fraternali!, C. Nipoti!, L. Ciotti! and P.

Londrillo!!

!Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Italy.†Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Oxford University, UK.

!!INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Italy.

Abstract. Star-forming disc galaxies such as the Milky Way need to accrete >" 1 M# of gas each

year to sustain their star formation. This gas accretion is likely to come from the cooling of thehot corona, however it is still not clear how this process can take place. We present simulationssupporting the idea that this cooling and the subsequent accretion are caused by the passage of coldgalactic-fountain clouds through the hot corona. The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability strips gas fromthese clouds and the stripped gas causes coronal gas to condense in the cloud’s wake. For likelyparameters of the Galactic corona and of typical fountain clouds we obtain a global accretion rateof the order of that required to feed the star formation.

THE PROPOSED SCENARIO

Star-forming disc galaxies like the Milky Way must accrete >" 1 M# of fresh gas

each year [see 1, and references therein] and have built their discs gradually over thelast 10 Gyr [e.g. 2]. A central question is the origin of the accreted gas and how thisgas reaches the thin disc whithin which the process of star formation takes place. Thevirial-temperature corona, in which disc galaxies are embedded, is the only reservoir ofbaryons capable of sustaining an accretion rate of " 1M#yr$1 for a Hubble time. Wepresent the results of a set of grid-based hydrodynamical simulations supporting the ideathat the gas needed by the disc to form stars is drawn from this corona.Coronae of disc galaxies are similar in many respects to the hot atmospheres of giant

elliptical galaxies and galaxy clusters, but with lower gas temperature and density [e.g.3, 4]. As the hot gas of these more massive systems, the coronal gas is unlikely tofragment into clouds via thermal instability [5], but it is expected to cool monolithicallyand feed the central black hole rather than produce an extended cold disc in which starscan form. However, if the gas needed to feed star formation has to be drawn from thecorona, a mechanism that makes the hot gas accrete onto the disc must be at work.There is abundant evidence that star formation in galaxies like the Milky Way powers

a galactic fountain: ejection of gas from the mid-plane by supernova explosions [6].Through the fountain a significant fraction (from 10 to 25 %) of the whole HI content ofthe galaxy is carried into its halo [see 7, and references therein]. In this work, supportedby several lines of argument, we hypothesise that the transfer of gas from the corona tothe star-forming disc is effected by the HI clouds ejected by the galactic fountain [8].Our hydrodynamical simulations suggest that the gas accretion proceeds through the

following steps: (i) stripping of gas from fountain clouds by the corona as a result ofthe Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, (ii) mixing of the (high metallicity) stripped gas with a

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-2000

-1600

-1200

-800

-400

0

400

0 10 20 30 40 50-4.5

-4.0

-3.5

-3.0

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0.0

0.5

M(t)

- M

(0)

[Msu

n]

ΔM

/ M

[%

]

Time [Myr]

β = 0.1

β = 0.75

0

400

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0 10 20 30 40 50 0.0

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- M

(0)

[Msu

n]

ΔM

/ M

[%

]

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FIGURE 1. The evolution of the mass of gas at T < 5%105 K when radiative cooling is switched off(left panel) or on (right panel). The dotted straight lines show two estimates of critical mass-loss rate αcrit .The particle density of the corona is 2% 10$3cm$3, its temperature 2% 106 K and the metallicity of thesystem is [Fe/H]= $1.0.

comparable amount of coronal gas in the turbulent wake of the clouds; as a consequenceof the mixing, the gas cooling time of the coronal gas is reduced to a value lower thanthe cloud’s flight time, (iii) formation of knots of cold gas that accrete onto the disc in adynamical time.The stripped gas leads to condensation of coronal gas only if the mass-loss rate

exceeds a critical value αcrit, determined by the physical properties of the cloud and thecorona. In addition, dimensional analysis suggests that the actual mass-loss rate must lieclose to αcrit. In view of the proposed scenario and of these considerations the aims ofthe simulations are two-fold: (i) to provide an estimate of the actual mass-loss rate αfor comparison with αcrit, (ii) to determine the critical ambient pressure (dependent onmetallicity) above which the mass of cool gas increases with time through condensationin the wake. In figure 1 the evolution of the mass of gas at T < 5%105 K (accreted gas),for a simulationwith physical conditions representative of galactic coronæ, is shown (seecaption for details). In particular, in the left panel of the figure, the mass loss of a cloudis displayed and the agreement between the simulation and the analytical prediction isremarkable. From the right panel of figure 1 it has been possible to derive an estimateof the global accretion rate (& 0.5M#yr$1) which is of the same order as that requiredto feed star formation. By comparing the figures in the two panels it is apparent thatthe cooled mass of coronal gas is comparable to the mass lost by the cloud. In otherwords, when the cooling is switched on, the evaporation of some cloud mass producesan accretion of roughly the same amount of coronal mass.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

We have used hydrodynamical simulations to check whether the interaction betweenthe galactic-fountain clouds, powered by a star-forming disc, and the virial-temperaturecorona, in which disc galaxies are embedded, could lead the coronal gas to cool promptlyin the clouds’ wake and accrete onto the disc to feed star formation. The results of ouranalysis, described in detail in [8], can be summarized as follows:

• the interaction between the galactic fountain and the hot corona causes the fountainclouds to be stripped of some of their gas. The simulations provide a reliableestimate of the mass-loss rate and confirm that its value lies close to αcrit, in

167


agreement with analytical expectations;• the condensation of coronal gas in the cloud’s wake prevails over evaporation if themetallicity and/or pressure of the corona are high enough. In our simulations thishappens for likely parameters of the coronæ in disc galaxies, where condensation ispresent also for densities as low as nh ' 4%10$4cm$3, provided that [Fe/H] " 0;

• the derived global accretion rate is of the same order as that required to feed starformation. Therefore the condensation of the hot corona seems a viable mechanismto sustain the star formation rate in star-forming galaxies.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We used CPU time assigned under the INAF-CINECA agreement 2008-2010. F. Mari-nacci gratefully acknowledges the support from the Marco Polo program by Universityof Bologna and the hospitality of the Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics.

REFERENCES

1. Sancisi, R., Fraternali, F., Oosterloo, T., van der Hulst, T., A&ARv 15, 189 (2008)2. Aumer, M., Binney, J.,MNRAS 397, 1286 (2009)3. Rasmussen, J., Sommer-Larsen, J., Pedersen, K., et al., ApJ 697, 79 (2009)4. Sembach, K. R., Wakker, B. P., Savage, B. D., et al., ApJS 146 165 (2003)5. Nipoti, C., in "Hunting for the Dark: The Hidden Side of Galaxy Formation", Malta, 19-23 Oct.

2009, eds. V. P. Debattista & C. C. Popescu, AIP Conf. Ser., in press, arXiv:1001.1246v1 (2010)6. Houck, J. C., Bregman, J. N., ApJ 352, 506 (1990)7. Fraternali, F., in "Hunting for the Dark: The Hidden Side of Galaxy Formation", Malta, 19-23 Oct.

2009, eds. V. P. Debattista & C. C. Popescu, AIP Conf. Ser., in press (2010)8. Marinacci, F., Binney, J., Fraternali, F., et al.,MNRAS, submitted (2010)

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Participant!List!

JACOB!A.!ARNOLD,!University!of!California,!Department!of!Astronomy!and!Astrophysics,!Santa!Cruz,!95064,!USA!([email protected])!!

JUDIT!BAKOS,!Insitudo!de!Astrofisica!de!Canarias,!C/N!Vía!Lactea!S/N,!E38205!La!Laguna,!Spain!([email protected])!!

PHILIP!BETT,!Argelander!"!Institut!für!Astronomie,!Universität!Bonn,!Auf!dem!Hügel!71,!Bonn,!53121,!Germany!([email protected])!!

SARAH!BIRD,!Tuorla!Observatory,!University!of!Turku,!Rehtorinpellonkatu!4!B!616,!Turku,!20500,!Finland!([email protected])!!

MAXIME!BOIS,!ESO,!Garching,!Karl"Schwarzschild"Strasse!2,!Garching,!D!85748,!Germany,!([email protected])!!

!JEAN!P!BRODIE,!UCO/Lick!Observatory,!High!Street,!Santa!Cruz,!CA,!95060,!USA!([email protected])!!

GORDON!BROMAGE,!Jeremiah!Horrocks!Institute,!University!of!Central!Lancashire,!Preston,!Lancashire,!PR1!2HE,!UK!!([email protected])!!

CHRIS!BROOK,!Jeremiah!Horrocks!Institute,!University!of!Central!Lancashire,!Preston,!Lancashire,!PR1!2HE,!UK!([email protected])!!

JULIA!BRYANT,!University!of!Sydney,!School!of!Physics,!Building!A29,!University!of!Sydney,!Australia!([email protected])!!

MICHELE!CAPPELLARI,!University!of!Oxford,!Sub"Department!of!Astrophysics,!Denys!Wilkinson!Building,!Keble!Road,!Oxford,!OX1!3RH,!UK!!([email protected])!!

JULIO!A.!CARBALLO"BELLO,!Instituto!de!Astrofísica!de!Canarias,!Spain,!C/!Vïa!Láctea!s/n,!La!Laguna,!38205,!Spain!([email protected])!!

BARBARA!CATINELLA,!Max!Planck!Institut!fuer!Astrophysik,!Karl"Schwarzschild"Strasse!1,!Garching,!85741,!Germany!(bcatinel@MPA"Garching.MPG.DE)!!

BERNARDO!CERVANTES!SODI,!Korea!Astronomy!and!Space!Science!Institute,!Deejeon,!305!348,!Republic!of!Korea!([email protected])!!

DANIEL!CEVERINO,!The!Hebrew!University,!Racah!Instititute!of!Physics,!Givat!Ram!Campus,!Jerusalem,!91904,!Israel!([email protected])!!

LISE!CHRISTENSEN,!ESO,!Garching,!Karl"Schwarzschild"Strasse!2,!Garching,!85748,!Germany!([email protected])!!

DAVID!COLE,!University!of!Leicester,!Physics!and!Astronomy!Department,!University!Road,!Leicester,!LE1!7RH,!UK!([email protected])!!

FRANCOISE!COMBES,!Observatoire!de!Paris,!LERMA,!61!Av.!De!L'Observatoire,!Paris,!75014,!France!([email protected])!!

ANDREW!COOPER,!Institute!for!Computational!Cosmology,!University!of!Durham,!Science!Laboratories,!South!Road,!Durham,!DH1!3LE,!UK!([email protected])!!

KRISTEN!COPPIN,!ICC,!Durham!University,!Dept!of!Physics,!South!Road,!Durham,!DH1!4DB,!UK!([email protected])!!

ARIANNA!CORTESI,!Nottingham!University,!Queens!Road!245,!Beeston,!Nottingham,!NG9!2BB,!UK!([email protected])!!

PATRICK!CÔTÉ,!Herzberg!Institute!of!Astrophysics,!National!Research!Council!of!Canada,!Victoria,!BC!V9E!2E7,!Canada!!!!!!(patrick.cote@nrc"cnrc.gc.ca)!!

STEPHANIE!COURTY,!Jeremiah!Horrocks!Institute,!University!of!Central!Lancashire,!Preston,!Lancashire,!PR1!2HE,!UK!([email protected])!!

JORGE!CUADRA,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Astronomy,!Garching,!Karl"!Schwarzschild"Strasse!1,!Garching,!85741,!Germany!!(jcuadra@mpa"garching.mpg.de)!!

LAURA!DARRIBA,!Universitat!de!Barcelona,!C/Marti!Franques!1,!Dep!Astronomia,!Barcelona,!8028,!Spain!([email protected])!!

433


PAYEL!DAS,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Extraterrestrial!Physics,!Giessenbachstrasse,!Garching,!85748,!Germany!([email protected])!!

SVEN!DE!RIJCKE,!Ghent!University,!Krijgslaan!281,!S9,!Gent,!B"9000,!Belgium!([email protected])!!

VICTOR!DEBATTISTIA,!Jeremiah!Horrocks!Institute,!University!of!Central!Lancashire,!Preston,!Lancashire,!PR1!2HE,!UK!!([email protected])!!

VIACHESLAV!DOKUCHAEV,!Institute!for!Nuclear!Research,!Russian!Academy!of!Sciences,!60th!October!Anniversary!Prospect!7a,!Moscow,!117312,!Russia!([email protected])!!

NIGEL!DOUGLAS,!Kapteyn!Institute,!Landleven!12,!Gronigen,!9700AV,!The!Netherlands!([email protected])!!

SIMON!DRIVER,!University!of!St!Andrews,!School!of!Physics,!North!Haugh,!St!Andrews,!KY16!9SS,!UK!!(spd3@st"and.ac.uk)!!!NIV!DRORY,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!!Extraterrestrial!Physics,!Giessenbachstrasse,!D"85748!Garching,!Germany!([email protected])!!

ERIC!EMSELLEM,!European!Southern!Observatory,!Karl"Schwarzschild"Strasse!2,!85748!Garching!bei!Muenchen,!Germany!!([email protected])!!

PETER!ERWIN,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Extraterrestrial!Physics,!Giessenbachstrasse,!85748!Garching,!Germany!!([email protected])!!

MAXIMILLIAN!FABRICIUS,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Extraterrestrial!Physics,!Giessenbachstrasse,!Munich,!85748,!Germany!([email protected])!!

ANNETTE!FERGUSON,!Institute!for!Astronomy,!University!of!Edinburgh,!Blackford!Hill,!Edinburgh,!EH9!3HJ,!UK!([email protected])!!

IGNACIO!FERRERAS,!University!College!London,!Mullard!Space!Science!Laboratory,!Holmbury!St!Mary,!Dorking,!Surrey,!RH5!6NT,!UK!([email protected])!!

FABIO!FONTANOT,!Istituto!Nazionale!di!Astrofisica,!Osservatorio!Astronomico!di!Trieste,!Via!Tiepolo!11,!Trieste,!34143,!Italy!!([email protected])!!

FILIPPO!FRATERNALI,!University!of!Bologna,!via!Ranzani!1,!Bologna,!40127,!Italy!([email protected])!!

KEN!FREEMAN,!Mt!Stromlo!Observatory,!Cotter!Road,!Weston!Creek,!ACT!2611,!Australia!([email protected])!!

JIAN!FU,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Astrophysics!/!Shanghai!Astromical!Obsevatory,!Karl"Schwarzschild"Strasse!1,!Garching!bei!Munchen,!D"85740,!Germany!(fujian@MPA"Garching.MPG.DE)!!

SILVIA!GARBARI,!Institute!for!Theoretical!Physics,!University!of!Zurich,!Winterthurerstrasse!190,!Zurich,!8057,!Switzerland!([email protected])!!

DIEGO!GARCIA"APPADOO,!ESO,!Alonso!De!Cordova,!3107,!Vitacure,!Santiago,!19001,!Chile!([email protected])!!

JAMES!GEACH,!Durham!University,!Department!of!Physics,!South!Road,!Durham,!DH1!4DB,!UK!([email protected])!!

ORTWIN!GERHARD,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Extraterrestrial!Physics,!Giessenbachstrasse,!D"85748!Garching!bei!Muenchen,!Germany!([email protected])!!

JORIS!GERSSEN,!Astrophysikalisches!Institut!Postdam,!An!der!Sternwarte!16,!Postdam,!14482,!Germany!([email protected])!!

BRAD!GIBSON,!Jeremiah!Horrocks!Institute,!University!of!Central!Lancashire,!Preston,!Lancashire,!PR1!2HE,!UK!([email protected])!!

NICK!GNEDIN,!Fermilab,!P.O.!Box!500,!Batavia,!IL,!60510,!USA!([email protected])!!

TOMOTSUGU!GOTO,!Institute!for!Astronomy,!University!of!Hawaii,!2680!Woodlawn!Drive,!Honolulu,!HI,!96822,!USA!([email protected])!!

434


JENNY!GREENE,!Princeton!University,!Astronomy!Department,!Peyton!Hall,!Ivy!Lane,!Princeton,!8540,!USA!([email protected])!!

PIERRE!GUILLARD,!Institut!d'Astrophysique!Spatiale,!Universite!Paris!Sud!11,!Bat!121,!Orsay,!91405,!France!!([email protected]"psud.fr)!!

QI!GUO,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Astrophysics,!Karl"Schwarzschild"Strasse!1,!Garching,!85741,!Germany!(guoqi@mpa"garching.mpg.de)!!

MARKUS!HARTMANN,!Jeremiah!Horrocks!Institute,!University!of!Central!Lancashire,!Preston,!Lancashire,!PR1!2HE,!UK!([email protected])!!

KIMBERLY!A.!HERRMANN,!Lowell!Observatory,!1400!West!Mars!Hill!Road,!Flagstaff,!AZ,!86001,!USA!([email protected])!!

ELISA!HOUSE,!Jeremiah!Horrocks!Institute,!University!of!Central!Lancashire,!Preston,!Lancashire,!PR1!2HE,!UK!([email protected])!!

MIKE!HUDSON,!University!of!Waterloo,!Dept.!of!Physics!and!Astronomy,!Waterloo,!ON!N2L!3G1,!Canada!([email protected])!!

MASATOSHI!IMANISHI,!National!Astronomical!Observatory!of!Japan,!2"21"1!Osawa,!Mitaka,!Tokyo,!181!8588,!Japan!([email protected])!!

ENRICHETTA!IODICE,!INAF"Astronomical!Observatory!of!Capodimonte,!Via!Moiariello!16,!Naples,!1"80131,!Italy!!([email protected])!!

BEHRANG!JALALI,!European!Southern!Observatory!(ESO,!Garching),!Karl"Schwarzschild"Strasse!2,!D"85748,!Garching!bei!Munchen,!Germany,!85748!([email protected])!!

KATHRYN!JOHNSTON,!Columbia!University,!Astronomy!Department,!Pupin!Hall,!550!W!120th!Street,!New!York,!NY,!10027,!USA!([email protected])!!

GYULA!JOZSA,!ASTRON,!Oude!Hoogeveensedijk!4,!Dwingeloo,!7991!PD,!The!Netherlands!([email protected])!!

NEAL!KATZ,!University!of!Massachusetts,!Department!of!Astronomy,!532!Lederle!Graduate!Research!Tower,!Amherst,!MA!!01003,!USA!([email protected])!!

GUINEVERE!KAUFFMANN,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Astrophysics,!Karl"Schwarzschild"Strasse!1,!Garching,!85740,!Germany!!(gamk@mpa"garching.mpg.de)!!

LEE!KELVIN,!University!of!St!Andrews,!School!of!Physics!and!Astronomy,!St!Andrews,!KY16!9SS,!UK!(lsk9@st"andrews.ac.uk)!

JI!HOON!KIM,!CEOU,!Seoul!National!University,!599!Gwanak"ro,!Gwanak"gu,!Seoul,!151"742,!Republic!of!Korea!!([email protected])!!

CHIAKI!KOBAYASHI,!The!Australian!National!University,!Mt.!Stromlo!Observatory,!Cotter!Rd,!Weston!ACT!2611,!Australia!!([email protected])!!

DAVOR!KRAJNOVIC,!ESO,!Karl"Schwarzschild"Strasse!2,!Garching,!85748,!Germany!([email protected])!!

HEIDI!LIETZEN,!Tuorla!observatory,!Vaiaalantie!20,!Piikkio,!21500,!Finland!([email protected])!!

EWA!L.!LOKAS,!Nicolaus!Copernicus,!Bartycka!18,!Warsaw,!00"716,!Poland!([email protected])!!

HANNI!LUX,!Institute!of!Theortical!Physics,!University!of!Zurich,!Winterhurerstrasse!190,!Zurich,!8057,!Switzerland!([email protected])!!

ANDREA!MACCIO,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Astrophysics,!Koenigstuhl!17,!69117!Heidelberg,!Germany!([email protected])!!

FEDERICO!MARINACCI,!Dipartimento!di!Astronomia,!Universita!di!Bologna,!via!Ranzani!1,!Bologna,!40127,!Italy!([email protected])!!

CHRISTOPHER!MARTIN,!California!Institute!of!Technology,!MC!405"47,!1200!East!California,!Boulevard,!Pasadena,!CA!91125,!USA!([email protected])!!

435


INMA!MARTINEZ"VALPUESTA,!Instituto!de!Astrofisica!de!Canarias,!C/Via!Lactea,!La!Laguna,!38200,!Spain!([email protected])!!

CHIARA!MASTROPIETRO,!Observatoire!de!Paris,!LERMA,!61!Avenue!de!L'Observatoire,!Paris!75014,!France!([email protected])!!

LUCIO!MAYER,!Institute!for!Theoretical!Physics,!University!of!Zürich,!Winterthurerstrasse!190,!CH"8057!Zürich,!Switzerland!([email protected])!!

STACY!MCGAUGH,!University!of!Maryland,!Department!of!Astronomy,!Computer!and!Space!Sciences!Bldg,!College!Park,!MD!20742,!USA!([email protected])!!

MICHAEL!MERRIFIELD,!University!of!Nottingham,!School!of!Physics!&!Astronomy,!University!Park,!Nottingham,!NG7!2RD,!UK!([email protected])!!

LEO!MICHEL"DANSAC,!CRAL,!Lyon!Observatory,!France,!9!Avenue!Charles!Andre,!Saint!Genis!Laval,!69561,!France!([email protected]"lyon1.fr)!!

GENOVEVA!MICHEVA,!Stockholm!University,!Dept!of!Astronomy,!106!91!Stockholm,!Sweden!([email protected])!!

IVAN!MINCHEV,!Strasbourg!Observatory,!Observatoire!Astronomique!de!Strasbourg,!11,!rue!de!l'universite,!F"67000!Strasbourg,!France!([email protected]"strasbg.fr)!!

ALEXEI!MOISEEV,!Special!Astrophysical!Observatory!Russian!Academy!of!Sciences,!Nizhnij!Arkhyz,!Zelenchukskiy!Region,!Karachai"Cherkessian!Republic,!Nizhnij!Arkhyz,!369167,!Russia!([email protected])!!

BEN!MOORE,!Institute!for!Theoretical!Physics,!University!of!Zürich,!Winterthurerstrasse!190,!CH"8057!Zürich,!Switzerland!([email protected])!!

BENJAMIN!MOSTER,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Astronomy,!Heidelberg,!Koenigstuhl!17,!69117,!Germany!([email protected])!!

MUSTAPHA!MOUHCINE,!Astrophysics!Research!Institute,!Liverpool!John!Moores!University,!Twelve!Quays!House,!Egerton!Wharf,!Birkenhead,!CH41!1LD,!UK!([email protected])!!

!JOHN!S.!MULCHAEY,!Carnegie!Observatories,!813!Santa!Barbara!Street,!Pasadena,!CA,!91101,!USA,!([email protected])!!

GIOVANNI!NATALE,!Max!Planck!Institut!fuer!Kernphysik,!Heidelberg,!Saupfercheckweg!1,!Heidelberg,!69117,!Germany!!(Giovanni.Natale@mpi"hd.mpg.de)!!

ANDREW!NEWMAN,!California!Institute!of!Technology,!Caltech,!120!!E.!California!Blvd,!MC!249"17,!Pasadena,!CA,!91125,!USA!!([email protected])!!

CARLO!NIPOTI,!Dipartimento!di!Astronomia,!Bologna!University,!Bologna,!I"40127,!Italy!([email protected])!!

NOELIA!E.!D.!NOËL,!Institute!for!Astronomy,!The!University!of!Edinburgh,!Royal!Observatory,!Blackford!Hill,!Edinburgh,!EH9!3HJ,!UK!([email protected])!!

PASI!NURMI,!University!of!Turku,!Tuorla!Observatory,!Vaisalantie,!Piikkio,!21500,!Finland!([email protected])!!

TAKASHI!OKAMOTO,!University!of!Tsukuba,!Japan,!1"1"1!Tennodai,!Tsukuba,!305"8577,!Japan!([email protected])!!

REYNIER!PELETIER,!Kapteyn!Astronomical!Institute,!PO!Box!800,!Gronigen,!9700AV,!The!Netherlands!([email protected])!!

!JORGE!PENARRUBIA,!Institute!of!Astronomy,!University!of!Cambridge,!Madingley!Road,!Cambridge,!CB3!0HA,!UK!([email protected])!!

ISABEL!PEREZ,!Universidad!de!Granada,!UGR,!Depto!de!Fisica!Teorica!y!del!Cosmos,!Edf!Mecenas,!Planta!Baja,!Campus!de!Fuenenueva,!Spain!([email protected])!!

ANDREEA!PETRIC,!Spitzer!Science!Centre/Caltech,!1200!East!California!Blvd,!Pasadena,!CA,!91125,!USA!([email protected])!

DANIEL!PFENNIGER,!University!of!Geneva,!Versoix,!1290,!Switzerland!([email protected])!!

KATE!PILKINGTON,!Jeremiah!Horrocks!Institute,!University!of!Central!Lancashire,!Preston,!Lancashire,!PR1!2HE,!UK!([email protected])!!

436


D.J.!PISANO,!West!Virginia!University,!P.O.!Box!6315,!Morgantown,!WV!26506,!USA!([email protected])!!

AGNIESZKA!POLLO,!The!Andrzej!Soltan!Institute!for!Nuclear!Studies,!69,!ul!Hoza,!Warsaw,!00"681,!Poland!([email protected])!!

CRISTINA!POPESCU,!Jeremiah!Horrocks!Institute,!University!of!Central!Lancashire,!Preston,!Lancashire,!PR1!2HE,!UK!([email protected])!!

ROBERT!PROCTOR,!IAG,!University!of!Sao!Paulo,!Rua!do!Matao!1226,!Cidade!Universitaria,!Sao!Paulo,!05508!090,!Brazil!([email protected])!!

SRINIVASAN!RAGHUNATHAN,!Jeremiah!Horrocks!Institute,!University!of!Central!Lancashire,!Preston,!Lancashire,!PR1!2HE,!UK!([email protected])!

JUSTIN!READ,!University!of!Leicester,!University!Road,!Leicester,!LE1!7RH,!UK!([email protected])!!

YVES!REVAZ,!Laboratory!of!Astrophysics!EPFL,!Observatoire!de!Sauverny,!51.!Ch.!des!Maillettes,!1290!Sauverny,!Switzerland!([email protected])!!

AARON!ROMANOWSKY,!University!of!California/Lick!Observatory,!Santa!Cruz,!CA,!95064,!USA!([email protected])!!

ROK!ROŠKAR,!University!of!Washington,!Department!of!Astronomy,!Box!351580,!Seattle,!WA,!98195,!USA!([email protected])!!

PAOLO!SARACCO,!INAF!"!Osservatorio!Astronomico!di!Brera,!Milano,!Italy,!Via!Brera!28!"!20121!Milano,!Milano,!20121,!Italy!([email protected])!!

JOOP!SCHAYE,!Leiden!University,!P.O.!Box!9513,!Leiden,!2300!RA,!The!Netherlands!([email protected])!!

BERNHARD!SCHULZ,!California!Institute!of!Technology,!Mail!Code!100"22,!770!South!Wilson!Avenue,!Pasadena,!CA!91125,!USA!([email protected])!!

STEPHEN!SERJEANT,!The!Open!University,!Department!of!Physics!and!Astronomy,!Walton!Hall,!Milton!Keynes,!MK7!6AA,!UK!([email protected])!!

ANIL!SETH,!Harvard"Smithsonian!Center!for!Astrophysics,!60!Garden!St,!MS!20,!Cambridge,!MA,!2138,!USA!([email protected])!!

OLGA!K.!SIL'CHENKO,!Sternberg!Astronomical!Institute,!University!Ave!13,!Moscow,!119991,!Russia!([email protected])!!

ELLEN!SIMMAT,!Max"Planck!Institut!for!Kernphysik,!Germang,!Saupfercheckweg!1,!69117,!Heidleberg,!Germany!(Ellen.Simmat@mpi"hd.mpg.de)!!

MANODEEP!SINHA,!Vanderbilt!University,!6902!Stevenson!Center,!Department!of!Physics!and!Astronomy,!Nashville,!TN,!USA!([email protected])!!

ALEKSANDRINA!SMIRNOVA,!Special!Astrophysical!Observatory!Russian!Academy!of!Sciences!(SAO!RAS),!Nizhnij!Arkhyz,!Zelenchukskiy!Region,!Karachai"Cherkessian!Republic,!Nizhnij!Arkhyz,!369167,!Russia!([email protected])!!

VERONICA!SOMMARIVA,!INAF!"!Astronomical!Observatory!of!Padova,!Vicolo!dell'Osservatorio!5,!Padova,!35122,!Italy!([email protected])!!

VOLKER!SPRINGEL,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Astrophysics,!Karl"Schwarzschild"Strasse!1,!Garching,!85740,!Germany!!!!!(volker@mpa"garching.mpg.de)!!

LISTER!STAVELEY"SMITH,!International!Centre!for!Radio!Astronomy!Research,!UWA,!School!of!Physics!M013,!UWA,!35!Stirling!Hwy,!Crawley,!6009,!Australia!(Lister.Staveley"[email protected])!!

KYLE!STEWART,!University!of!California,!Irvine,!4129!Frederick!Reines!Hall!of!California,!Irvine,!CA,!92697,!USA!!([email protected])!!

ECKHARD!STURM,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Extraterrestrial!Physics,!Giessenbachstrasse,!Garching,!85748,!Germany!([email protected])!!

437


MARTIN!TAFELMEYER,!Laboratoire!d'astrophysique!de!l'EPFL,!Observatoire!de!Sauverny!"!51,!ch.!Des!Maillettes,!Versoix/Ge,!1290,!Switzerland!([email protected])!!

TOSHI!TAKAGI,!ISAS/!JAXA,!3"1"1!Yoshinodai,!Sagamihara,!Kanagawa,!229"8510,!Japan!([email protected])!!

TSUTOMU!T.!TAKEUCHI,!Nagoya!University,!Japan,!Furo"Cho,!Chikusa"Ku,!Nagoya,!464"8601,!Japan!!!!!!!!!!!!([email protected]"u.ac.jp)!!

MAUREEN!TEYSSIER,!Department!of!Astronomy,!Columbia!University,!Pupin!Physics!Laboratory,!550!West!120th!Street,!New!York,!NY,!10027,!USA!([email protected])!!

CHRISTIAN!THEIS,!Institut!fur!Astronomie!der!Univ.!Wien,!Tuerkenschanzstr.!17,!1180!Wien,!Austria!([email protected])!!

ERIK!TOLLERUD,!University!of!California,!Irvine,!4129!Frederick!Reines!Hall!of!California,!Irvine,!CA,!92697,!USA!([email protected])!

MARIA!TRINIDAD!TAPIA!PERALTA,!Instituto!de!Astrofísica!de!Canarias,!Calle!Via!Lactea!S/N,!Santa!Cruz!de!Tenerife,!38205,!Spain!([email protected])!

IGNACIO!TRUJILLO,!Instituto!de!Astrofisica!de!Canarias,!C/Via!Lactea,!La!Laguna,!38200,!Spain!([email protected])!!

TAKUJI!TSUJIMOTO,!National!Astronomical!Observatory!of!Japan,!2"21"1!Osawa,!Mitaka,!181"8588,!Japan!([email protected])!!

RICHARD!TUFFS,!Max!Planck!Institute!für!Kernphysik,!Saupfercheckweg!1,!Heidelberg,!69117,!Germany!!!!!!!(richard.tuffs@mpi"hd.mpg.de)!!

SANDER!VALCKE,!Astronomical!Observatory,!University!of!Ghent,!Krisgslaan!284!59,!Gent,!9000!Belgium!([email protected])!!

MONICA!VALLURI,!University!of!Michigan,!500!Church!Street,!830!Dennision!Bldg,!Ann!Arbor,!MI,!48109,!USA!!([email protected])!!

PIETER!C.!VAN!DER!KRUIT,!Kapteyn!Astronomical!Institute,!University!of!Groningen,!P.O.!Box!800,!Gronigen,!9700AV,!The!Netherlands!([email protected])!!

JAAN!VENNIK,!Tartu!Observatory,!61602!Toravere,!Tartumaa,!Estonia!([email protected])!!

MARC!VERHEIJEN,!Kapteyn!Astronomical!Institute,!Landleven!12,!Gronigen,!9747!AD,!The!Netherlands!([email protected])!!

MARINA!VIKA,!University!of!St!Andrews,!St!Andrews,!Scotland,!KY16!9SS,!UK!(mv56@st"andrews.ac.uk)!!

JING!WANG,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Astrophysics,!Garching,!Karl!Schwarzschild!!Strasse!1,!Munich,!D"85741,!Germany!(wangj@MPA"Garching.MPG.DE)!!

KYLE!WESTFALL,!Kapteyn!Astronomical!Institute,!University!of!Groningen,!P.O.!Box!800,!Gronigen,!9700!AV,!The!Netherlands!([email protected])!!

MARK!WILKINSON,!University!of!Leicester,!Dept!of!Physics!and!Astronomy,!University!Road,!Leicester,!LE1!7RH,!UK!([email protected])!!

MICHAEL!WILLIAMS,!University!of!Oxford,!Sub"department!of!Astrophysics,!Denys!Wilkison!Building,!Keble!Road,!Oxford,!OX1!3RH,!UK!([email protected])!!

DAVID!WILMAN,!Max!Planck!Institute!for!Extraterrestrial!Physics,!Giessenbachstrasse,!Garching,!85748,!Germany!([email protected])!!

JOE!WOLF,!University!of!California!at!Irvine,!Frederick!Reines!Hall,!Physics!and!Astronomy,!Irvine,!CA,!92697,!USA!([email protected])!!

ERIK!ZACKRISSON,!Stockholm!Observatory,!Stockholm!University,!AlbaNova!University!Centre,!Dept!of!Astronomy,!Stockholm,!10691,!Sweden!([email protected])

438


PHOTOGALLERY


Neal Katz and Ben Moore getting ready for the opening session.

Piet van der Kruit, Ken Freeman, Olga Sil'chenko,and Alexei Moiseev during the first session.

441


Gordon Bromage welcomes the hunters and wishes them well on their quest.

442


Nicholas Sammut, head of Malta Council of Science andTechnology, addresses the participants during the first session.

443


Simon Driver describes the GAMA survey.

Participants mingling at the first break.

444


Pat Côté and Annette Ferguson dreaming of Canada.

Ewa £okas and Chiara Mastropietro discuss Sander Valcke's poster.

445


Conference participants gathered in front of the hotel.

Aaron Romanowsky asks a question, flanked by Ellen Simmat andJoop Schaye.

446


Reynier Peletier and Sven De Rijcke in discussion.

Mustafa Mouchine, Daniel Pfenniger and Francoise Combes toasting atthe banquet venue, ir-Razzett l-Antik,

a converted traditional farmhouse.

447


Inma Martinez-Valpuesta, Isabel Perez and Ignacio Trujillo at the banquet.

Richard Tuffs, Gordon Bromage, Cristina Popescu and VictorDebattista at the banquet hall.

448


Monica Valluri asks a question.

The social programme included a visit to two Neolithic temples.

449


Richard Tuffs and Cristina Popescu during the trip.

450


It was a sunny day.

451


Loitering outside the police station in Mdina.Taken completely bysurprise, the police continue with their siesta.

452


Markus Hartmann, conference photographer and devourer of mussels (with red wine?)

453


AUTHOR INDEX

A

Afanasiev, V. L., 297Agertz, O., 391Aguerri, J. A. L., 237Alatalo, K., 335, 405Alexander, D. M., 80Allanson, S. P., 347Andersen, D. R., 429Appleton, P. N., 82, 85Arnaboldi, M., 173, 289

B

Bacon, R., 211Bakos, J., 263, 287Balcells, M., 237, 423Bamford, S., 289Bastian, N., 227Baudis, L., 391Bender, R., 239Benson, A. J., 293Bergvall, N., 295, 305Bershady, M. A., 429Bett, P. E., 403Bienias, P., 51Binney, J., 166Blitz, L., 335, 405Blum, R., 227Bois, M., 335, 405Boulanger, F., 82, 85Bournaud, F., 283, 335, 405Braatz, J. A., 207Brodie, J. P., 339Bromage, G., 0Brook, C. B., 203, 413Brooks, A. M., 203, 391Bruch, T., 391Bryant, J., 158Buat, V., 59Budavári, T., 323Bureau, M., 335, 405, 431Burgarella, D., 59Buyle, P., 127

C

Caldwell, N., 227Cameron, E., 247Capaccioli, M., 289Cappellari, M., 211, 215, 227, 243, 335, 405,

431Carballo-Bello, J. A., 291Castander, F. J., 119Catinella, B., 95Cervantes-Sodi, B., 407Ceverino, D., 199Chernin, A., 419Christensen, L., 241Ciardullo, R., 371Ciotti, L., 166Cluver, M. E., 82Coccato, L., 289Cole, S., 293Combes, F., 283, 319Cooper, A. P., 293Coppin, K., 80Cortesi, A., 289Côté, P., 331Courty, S., 131Cuadra, J., 231

D

Dalcanton, J. J., 162Darriba, L., 409Das, P., 289Davies, R. L., 211, 215, 335, 405Davis, T. A., 335, 405De Lucia, G., 293De Rijcke, S., 127, 427Debattista, V. P., 227, 243, 259, 391, 395Dejonghe, H., 127, 427de Zeeuw, P. T., 211, 335, 405Disney, M. J., 162Dokuchaev, V. I., 235Dopita, M., 85Douglas, N. G., 289Driver, S. P., 17, 219Driver, S., 247Drory, N., 195, 239

455


Duc, P. A., 283Duc, P., 85Dunlop, J., 80

E

Einasto, J., 249Einasto, M., 249Eliche-Moral, M. C., 237, 423Emsellem, E., 211, 283, 335, 405Eroshenko, Yu. N., 235Erwin, P., 223

F

Fabricius, M. H., 195Fabricius, M., 239Falcón-Barroso, J., 211, 405Ferguson, A. M. N., 417Ferreras, I., 359Fischera, J., 85Fisher, D. B., 195Fisher, D., 239Fontanot, F., 327Forbes, D. A., 339Fraternali, F., 135, 164, 166Freeman, K. C., 289, 309, 387Freeman, K., 127Frenk, C. S., 293Fu, J., 160

G

Gadotti, D., 223Gallego, J., 237Gao, Y., 85Garbari, S., 411Garcia-Appadoo, D. A., 162Gargiulo, A., 343Garland, C. A., 119Gebhardt, K., 245Gentile, G., 164Gerhard, O., 173, 289Gerssen, J., 241Gibson, B. K., 131, 413Gilmore, G., 375Giovannoli, E., 59

Gnedin, N. Y., 115González-García, A. C., 237Goto, T., 47, 55Governato, F., 203, 259, 391Gramann, M., 249Greene, J. E., 207Guillard, P., 82Guo, Q., 160Guzmán, R., 119

H

Hanami, H., 47Hartmann, M., 243Heald, G., 164Heinämäki, P., 249, 419Helmi, A., 293Hernández-Fernández, J., 59Hernandez, X., 407Herrmann, K. A., 371Hill, D., 247Hirashita, H., 91Holley-Bockelmann, K., 171Hopp, U., 239House, E. L., 413Hudson, M. J., 347

I

Iglesias-Páramo, J., 59Im, M., 47Imanishi, M., 72Iodice, E., 173, 379Irwin, M. J., 417Ishii, T. T., 91

J

Jablonka, P., 421Jalali, B., 245Jeltema, T. E., 146Jenkins, A., 293Johnston, K. V., 267, 301Józsa, G. I. G., 164J!tte, E., 164

456


K

Katkov, I., 251Kauffmann, G., 95, 160, 177Kawada, M., 51Kazantzidis, S., 363Kelvin, L., 247Khochfar, S., 335, 405Kim, J. H., 99Kissler-Patig, M., 245Klimentowski, J., 363Kobayashi, C., 123Kozasa, T., 91Krajnovi", D., 211, 215, 335, 405Kravtsov, A. V., 115Kuijken, K., 289Kuntschner, H., 211, 335, 405Kuo, C.-Y., 207

L

Lablanche, P.-Y., 335, 405Lake, G., 391, 411, 415Lee, H. M., 47Lietzen, H., 249Liivamägi, L. J., 249Łokas, E. L., 363Londrillo, P., 166Longhetti, M., 343Longo, G., 173Lu, N., 85Lucey, J. R., 347Lux, H., 415

M

Macciò, A. V., 355Malek, K., 51Malkan, M., 47Marinacci, F., 166Martínez-Delgado, D., 291Martig, M., 283Martin, D. C., 103Martinsson, T. P. K., 429Mastropietro, C., 150Matsuhara, H., 47Matsuura, S., 51Mayer, L., 181, 203, 363, 391

McDermid, R. M., 211, 215, 335, 405McDermid, R., 227McGaugh, S. S., 99McGaugh, S., 13Menéndez-Delmestre, K., 80Mendel, J. T., 339Merrifield, M. R., 279, 289Michel-Dansac, L., 283Micheva, G., 295, 305Moiseev, A. V., 297Moiseev, A., 251Moore, B., 3, 395Morganti, R., 335, 405Mulchaey, J. S., 146Murata, K. L., 59

N

Naab, T., 335, 405Napolitano, N. R., 289Natale, G., 85Navarro, J., 293Negrello, M., 47Nesvadba, N. P. H., 82Neumayer, N., 227, 245Nipoti, C., 154, 166Noël, N. E. D., 417Nordermeer, E., 289Noyola, E., 245Nozawa, T., 91Nurmi, P., 249, 419

O

O’Brien, J. C., 387Ogle, P., 82, 85Ohyama, Y., 47Okamoto, T., 399Olsen, K., 227Oosterloo, T. A., 164Oosterloo, T., 335#stlin, G., 295Overzier, R., 177Oyabu, S., 47

457


P

Park, C., 407Peñarrubia, J., 375Pearson, C. P., 47Peletier, R. F., 211Peng, C. Y., 207Pérez, I., 253Pérez-Gallego, J., 119Peter, A. H. G., 391Petric, A., 76Petsch, H. P., 383Pineau des Forêts, G., 82, 85Pisano, D. J., 119, 127Pollo, A., 51, 169Pope, A., 80Popescu, C. C., 35, 85, 87Proctor, R. N., 339Puzia, T., 227

Q

Quinn, T. R., 259Quinn, T., 203, 243, 395

R

Rabidoux, K., 119Rand, R. J., 164Reach, W., 85Read, J. I., 391, 415Read, J., 411Revaz, Y., 421Roškar, R., 203, 259Robotham, A., 247Romanowsky, A. J., 289, 339, 351Ruži$ka, A., 383Rubin, R. G., 235

S

Saar, E., 249Saglia, R., 173, 239Sánchez-Blázquez, P., 253Sancisi, R., 164Saracco, P., 343Sarzi, M., 211, 335, 405

Schiminovich, D., 95Schulz, B., 89Scott, N., 335, 405Serjeant, S., 29, 47Serra, P., 164, 335, 405Seth, A., 227, 243Shara, M., 301Shirahata, M., 51Sil’chenko, O., 251, 255Simmat, E., 87Sinha, M., 171Smirnova, A. A., 297Smith, R. J., 347Solanes, J. M., 409Sollima, A., 291Spavone, M., 173Spitler, L., 339Spolaor, M., 339Springel, V., 293Stephens, A., 227Strader, J., 339Sturm, E., 63Sulentic, J., 85Swaters, R. A., 429

T

Tafelmeyer, M., 299Tago, E., 249Takagi, T., 47Takalo, L. O., 249Takeuchi, T. T., 51, 59, 91Tapia, M. T., 423Teerikorpi, P., 419Tempel, E., 249Teyssier, M., 301Teyssier, R., 131Theis, Ch., 383Tiret, O., 319Tollerud, E. J., 425Trujillo, I., 263, 287Tsujimoto, T., 175Tuffs, R. J., 35, 85, 87

V

Valcke, S., 427Valluri, M., 395

458


Van de Ven, G., 211, 405van den Bosch, R. C. E., 211, 405van der Kruit, P. C., 387Vennik, J., 303Verheijen, M. A. W., 429Vika, M., 219

W

Wada, T., 47Wadsley, J., 203Walker, M. G., 375Walterbos, R. A. M., 164Wang, J., 177, 293Weijmans, A., 335, 405West, A. A., 162Westfall, K. B., 429White, G. J., 47White, S. D. M., 293Williams, M. J., 431Wilman, D., 241, 323

Wolf, J., 367Wolfe, S., 119

X

Xu, C. K., 85

Y

Yagi, M., 55Yamauchi, C., 55Young, L. M., 335, 405Yun, M., 85

Z

Zackrisson, E., 295, 305Zamorano, J., 237Zibetti, S., 323

459


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