64 - homepage | escap'r'emen subtotal.90.65.94.51.17 36 00 18 00 72 b351936193 08.37.01 68 00 73 68...
TRANSCRIPT
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64
TABLE 1. DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF SELECTED DEVELOPINGECONOMIES IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION, 1993
Per Capita
GNP
(US$)
Growth
Rate OfiReal GDP
(Percent)
Population(1994)
(million)
Male Literacy
Rate
(Percent)
Country
95
96
99
87
96
99
65
99
94
88
9387476247
924448
19,31017,860
10,8507,6703,160
2,140
2,0401,610
1,5401,230
1,120980830830820
750730710600490430290220170
10.15.86.3
5.88.31.86.23.7
4.016.5
-16.02.16.2
7.3
6.915.11.93.74.58.1
4.1
1.7
0.4
6.08.7
2.90
6.10
21.0044.50
19.50
0.7859.40
0.1016.90
0.164.000.174.50
68.600.250.37
190.7077.4017.80
1191.80
126.60900.50
17.1072.5017.40
9.9019.10
0.050.11
43.900.01
Singapore
Hong KongTaiwan, Provo of China
Republic of Korea
Malaysia
FijiThailandTonga
KazakstanVanuatu
Papua New GuineaWestern Samoa
KyrgyzstanPhilippinesMaldivesSolomon Islands
IndonesiaKiribati (1993 fig.)Sri LankaPRCPakistanIndia
BangladeshViet Nam
AfghanistanCambodiaCook IslandsMarshall Islands
Micronesia, Fed. States
MyanmarTuvalu
--89
--indicates data not available.Source. Asian Development Bank (1995), Ke¥ Indicators of DeveloRing Asia
and Pacific Countries.
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65
TABLE 2. MERCHANT SHIPPING FLEETS BY COUNTRY OF REGISTRY,
ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIES, 1985, 1990 and 1994.
1990 1994
No.
000 GT
No.
000 GT
No.
000 GTEast AsiaChina,
PRTaiwanHong
KongJapanKorea,
N.Korea, S.Macau
Subtotal
1,948660375
10,00089
2,110
13.905.776.5727.08
0.447.78
2,701642358
9,706115
2,1213
15,646
15.836.007.70
22.100.707.000.00
59.33
1,991396
10,28869
1,847
14639
07,
~169.171~182~
33
1,653
0.000.00
1.94
423
1,8841
498142
1,420774296273
5333
o.O.
2.O.
1.O.
8.7.'
O.
O.
23.
624
2,1362
632132
1,5181,239
459445
6629
00
202.
O.9.
1110
29
4691061,000
758244128
4364
1.770.124.596.500.590.30
15.82
Southeast AsiaBruneiCambodiaIndonesiaLaosMalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnam
Subtotal
260741
3520774
91
1,228
0.366.60
0.130.040.450.000.638.22
308855
45.3671
678
1,399
0.466.48
0.080.100.350.000.357.82
287
881
56
5862
9
56
1,409
0.386.49
0.070.210.380.000.297.81
South
AsiaBangladeshIndiaMaldive
Is.MauritiusPakistanSeychellesSri
LankaSubtotal
0.000.052.38
1.010.550.052.350.510.020.353.140.063.680.870.02
15.03
0.000.054.74
1.040.530.041.850.310.020.361.680.083.720.750.02
15.19
0.000.173.80
0.880.650.062.020.260.020.561.060.285.451.020.02
16.25
79347
14864
8245247
2860
39853
817232
372763
87393
143586
2251752767
31168
86925339
2721
90429
117574
2121392061
262168
1,00029740
2896
West AsiaBahrainIran
IraqIsraelJordan
KuwaitLebanon
OmanQatarSaudi Arabia
SyriaTurkeyU.A.E.
'r'emen
Subtotal
.90
.65
.94.51.17
3600
180072B351936193
08
.37
.01
6800736841
.89
.37
.77~
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66
TABLE 2. Continued.
72163
2.51
10.06
652 2.091
1178426
228
6
915
23,861
0.300.030.010.000.140.032.58110.81
1358435
2273
91322
25,7327.8
78,336
2.50
0.260.040.010.002.160.035.07
112.691.70
423.63
1.77
6285519
155853311
2877
1280
27,8608.3
80,676
3.00
3.010.030.010.250.050.010.052.000.015.41
118.725.35
475.86
12.33
AustraliaFijiMicronesia
New ZealandPapua N.G.Solomon
Is.TuvaluVanuatuW.
Samoa
SubtotalTotal
Asia Pac.% increaseWorld%
increaseAsia-Pacific
as% of World Total
76,395
~~
31.23 26.621 32.85 26.601 34.53 24.951
Source. Lloyd's Register of Shipping, Statistical Tables, 1985, 1990 and 1994.
-
MW-Jm«.- -(/)W-J~IZ0I-ZQ-J-Jm-M0)0)~I0ro...0)~00£t:~(.)u.0Wc..~>-mwc~I-WZ£t:0m~w(/)C-J£t:0~~
I
I
~~(5Q)
"0::JL-() 81 c.~Gi ~I
m ~I0>
~I
00 It)
0 (")
1I'--COCOO>O>
0>0>0>0>0>~~
~~
~
L/)"'" ~
0
1Q)
"f'- CO-
0>-
~~
~
It) f"..
"f" (V
) 0
1f"..OOOf".."f"
"f" °-
°- °-
°-
~~
~~
co 0
0 0
0
1~NL()'ft"ft' ~f'--f'--'ft'CON
riri,.f,.f
~
f'.. L().,- °1
L() f'..
(0 (0
01
(0 f'..
0.,-000
~
M f'..- ai
.,-.,-.,-.,-.,-
;II>>-.P
-c:'-roQ)U-Ee"-C>c::p0:Jc-CO0-NQ)::0rof-(Y)0>0>~t0II>c:rot=Q)
..§"t:ro~"-0~Q)":;:Q)~()~l)z~Q)u'-:J0(/)
67
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68
TABLE 4. NATIONAL AND BENEFICIALL V-OWNED SHIPPING FLEETS OF MAJOR
ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIES, 31 DECEMBER 1993.
I tl as U;o ot~
World Ttl IFlag Flag Total Flag I15.94
29.73
21.279.85
5.35
2.566.40
10.397.39
7.603.74
8.010.912.913.30
as
% of Ttl24.3464.93
29.37
46.94
83.94
36.12
28.97
6.8237.943.13
6.750.02
78.327.88
23.4
3.2212.95
4.62.835.080.611.371.7
1.821.2
0.611.220.640.480.66
1077
1460
448
95426
310
395
191
363
276
15360
8036
1824
256
217
544
95
192
42
200
20
161
41
187
2901
1716
665
639
521
502
437
391383
292
154101
9843
COUNTRYRussian FednJapanChinaS.
Korea
Hong KongIndonesiaSingapore
IndiaTaiwan
TurkeyPhilippinesIranSaudi
ArabiaAustralia
Kuwait---
L Total I
~Share (%) I
8051
3747
~
135.33 70.07 205.39 478.871 38.99168.3 31.8 100.0 65.9 34.10 100.0
17911 1014228053 330.20 3,247.26
World
Total% of World
Total
49.58' 100~
45.00 36.90 100.001 40.98 21.60 100.00
NUMBER OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGNREGISTERED SHIPS, ASIA-PACIFIC (END 1993)
Kuwait
Australia
Saudi Arabia
Iran
Philippines
Turkey
Taiwan
India
Singapore
Indonesia
~~z~0u
S. Korea
China
Japan
Russian Fedn
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
~ UNCTAD (1994), Review of Maritime Transgort 1993, Table 10, p. 25.
_!~~~5.135.058.848.71
27.961.452.610.764.520.250.270.003.270.251.01
Total21.0784.7830.1118.5633.304.019.00
11.1511.907.85
I
4.018.014.183.164.31
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TABLE 5. NUMBER OF SHIPS ON ORDER BY COUNTRY OF DOMICILE
AND COUNTRY OF FLAG, ASIA-PACIFIC COUNTRIES,
AS AT JUNE 1995
Country or area Country of Domicile Count'Y~q- Total on Order
dwt
no.
dwt
no.
dwt
no.
318
109
93
5550
625
72.09
12,283.0
6,497.7
5,596.52,093.5
2,227.928,698.6
74.59
144
41
305527
29760.61
2,416.12,293.41,935.01,235.11,524.49,404.0
57.21
46215012311077
92267.94
14,699.18,791.17,531.53,328.63,752.3
38,102.669.38
East AsiaJapanHong
KongKorea, SouthChinaTaiwan
Sub-total% of total
Southeast AsiaSingaporeMalaysiaIndonesiaThailandPhilippinesMyanmar
Sub-total% of total
6025
23204
2,413.9695.9131.0264.725.06.0
3,536.59.19
6624
15252
11423.27
2,050.3811.5100.930.095.06.0
3,093.7018.82
126493822
94
24838.72
4,464.21,507.4
231.9294.7120.0
12.06,630.2
12.07134~~
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70
TABLE 6. A CREW MODEL BASED ON THE SHIPBOARD ORGANIZATIONFOR A MODERN SHIP
Number
Staff: CaptainChief engineerChief officer
111
Communication: Radio officer
1
Operation:Maintenance:
Dual-licensed officers
EngineerTechnical assistant
Dual-purpose ratingsApprentice
3
11
3
1
Catering Steward/cookSteward
11
Total 15
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71
TABLE 7. TRENDS FOR CREW COMPLEMENT FOR VARIOUSSHIP TYPES, 1982-1992
Source: Alam (1992)
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72
TABLE 8. SUPPLY OF AND DEMAND FOR SEAFARERS INASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIES, 1990
I~ Estimated Demand IOfficers I~a~
Surplus IOfficers I~Q!--J
East Asia
China, PR
China (Taiwan)
Hong Kong
JapanKorea, NorthKorea,
South_-
Sub-total% of Total Asia
20,9444,2662,131
23,7151,103
~69,72739.48
76,860 I2,597 I
4,04122.848
2,473
29,183
138,002
128.67
28,6222,6743,586
28,842879~
72,51356.63
61,356
2,6554,881
30,8502,2329,899
111,87355.31 j
322
1,592(1,455)(5,127)
224~
5,2148.10
15,504(58)
(840)(8,002)
241
19,284
26,1298.94
Southeast Asia
Indonesia
MalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeVietnam
Sub-total% of Total Asia
14,5101,8535,025
46,782842~
73,01241.34
37,9003,912
10,070143,377
2,895~209,154
43.45
10,0453,381
869
10,5266,670~
33,02725.79
18,8234,1432,055
13,2768,2733,241
49,81124.62
4,465(1,528)4,156
36,256(5,828)~
39,98562.09
19,077(231)
8,015130,101
(5,378)7,759
159,34354.55
South Asia
India
BangladeshMaldive IslandsMauritiusPakistan
SeychellesSri Lanka
Sub-total% of Total Asia
12,8791,100
231,8852,400
55
~19,480
1103
34,3116,7502,0884,4395,000
320
6,822
59,73012.41
6,1641,953
409
1,743474
24514
11,2818.81
15,8233,625
8263,7581,178
28629
25,86712.79
6,715(853)(386)142
1,92631
624
8,19912.73
18,4883,1251,262
681
3,822292
6,193
33,8631159
West Asia
BahrainIran
IraqIsraelJordanLebanonOmanQatarSaudi Arabia
TurkeyUAEYemen
2002,608
670151285
1,11386
247
1,5942,8191,133
40
10,94617.00
50965
65483
660350
1,172100
67,130
68,402 I~
9,768
1"'O;'ff8"6.10
6,949 9,022
7,523 9,7595.87 4.82
Sub-total% of Total Asia
2,042588
572428
2,562390
458304
Oceania
~ustralia
FijiMicronesiaNew ZealandPapua New Guine
I
Western Samoa
Sub-total% of Total Asia
3,630206
4,070200
1,261530
6,061~ 3,7142.90
3,487501
601380
4,969246
(520)19874
11412461
51008
583
(301)94
660
150
75
1,2610.43
Total Asia Pacific I 176,627 481 ,349 128,058 202,279 64,395 292,130 I
~
Wilson ~ (1990), The Worldwide Demand for and SUDDlv of Seafarers: Final ReDort,Table A 1 (mimeo.)
229
5,9931,520
51817
1,336105303
1,99058,108
1,36946
71,53424.49
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73
TABLE 9. ESTIMATES OF THE SUPPLY OF SEAFARERS FROM FOUR
MAJOR ASIAN SUPPLY COUNTRIES, 1990 AND 1995
Source. Lawford, Herry (1995).
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74
TABLE
10: DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE HONG KONG SEAFARERS, 1992
Ratings TotalOfficers
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
3,068
73
1,728
75
1,340 72Seafarers at sea
27
583
25
524 28 1,107Seafarers ashore
1,864
100
4,175 100Total
2,311
100
Hong
Kong Merchant Navy Training Board, 1992, p.5Source:
-
75
TABLE 11: HONG KONG ACTIVE SEAFARERS, 1988-1992
~:Source:
Ships under HK ownership management or crewing agencyHong Kong Merchant Navy Training Board (1992), p. 19; (1994), p.24
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76
TABLE 12: NUMBER OF SEAMEN ON THE REGISTER, AT SEA AND INTHE ACTIVE AND INACTIVE RESERVE POOL AS AT 31 DECEMBER 1992
Source: Singapore National Maritime Board, Annual Report, 1992, p. 26
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77
TABLE 13: REGISTERED SEAFARERS EMPLOYED AT SEA UNDER VARIOUSFLAG STATES AS AT 31 DECEMBER 1992, SINGAPORE
Source: National Maritime Board, Annual Report 1992, p. 26
-
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
(0~NQ)
::0rn..-~-0Q)':;:~~0)0)~-0~UZ:)i
78
-
79
-
80
FIGURE III. SURPLUS SEAFARERS, ASIAN ECONOMIES, 1990
s
Ja~
\t1alaysia
Hd
ng
Kong0 Ratings
]Sa!Igladesh
People's Republic I)f China .Officers
-,
;ri
Lanka
Taiwan,
Province Iof China
:>akistan
P
Vietnam
~yanmarIdonesiaI,
India
)f KoreaRepublic
p~
lilippines
-20
0
20 40 60
80
100 120 140
NUMBER (thousand)
Source Wilson mJ!1. (1990)
-
cwz~0w(/)wzoc(D-oc(,c~oc(0mz0(,?zs:~~WG)(/)G
)
(/)-~
aw
!J
~WCfI)
u..(/)
~~
(/)Z(,?W~u..~~wI~~Z>W~~(,?LL
U)
ccuQ)C-oL-::JW"'0CcuU)"cu.I::.I-Q
)"'0::JUC-~Q).I::.
0~-.::>(/)-,-c0'c::>(/)-cQ)EcuQ)(/)ccua.cu-,~j
82
-
>w£t:::)~u.. III)=0)~CI)..JWCI)CI)w>cwz~0IWCI)WZ~ro::1c:c:«c:0~ro'(30(/)(/)«-(/)L-a>c:s:00-E-(/)a>(/)a>c:ro0-roJa>
83
-
84
FIGURE VII. AGE PROFILE OF HONG KONG RATINGS, 1994
61
& ABOVE3.68
56-6010.73
51-5519.73
D..::>0~~w~oct
46-50
21.38
41-45
20.64
31-4017.40
21-306.45
TOTAL 4997
17-200.000.005.00
10.00 15.00 20.00
25.00
PERCENTAGE
SOURCE. MERCHANT NAVY TRAINING BOARD, HONG KONG (1992).
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85
FIGURE VIII. NUMBER OF SEAMEN REGISTERED,EMPLOYED AT SEA, AND MEMBERSHIP OF OFFICERS 'AND
SEAMEN'S UNIONS, SINGAPORE, 1988-1994
6,000
c=:J Registered -Employed At Sea
-SMOU -.-SOS
~
/'
./
5,000 "'/'/'
".~
4,000
~wm~~z ~ ,,~ , ~--
3,000
2,000
1,000
1988 1989
19901991
1992 1993 1994
N.Q.te.
National Maritime Board (NMB) requises registration and records ofemployment for ratings only. Membership with the Singapore MaritimeOfficers' Union (SMOU) open to all while for the Seamen's Organisation of
Singapore (SOS) became opened to non-citizens in 1993.