6/5/2015 greek presentation in 26 th session of the executive body for the convention on long-range...

18/04/2318/04/23 Greek presentation in 26Greek presentation in 26thth session of the Executive Body for session of the Executive Body for the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollutionthe Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

11

PROTOCOL ON NITROGEN OXIDESPROTOCOL ON NITROGEN OXIDES

Greek presentation in the 26Greek presentation in the 26thth session of the session of the Executive Body for the Convention on Long-Executive Body for the Convention on Long-

Range Transboundary Air PollutionRange Transboundary Air Pollution

Prof Ziomas Prof Ziomas

Alex KaravanasAlex Karavanas

NATIONAL CENTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATIONAL CENTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT


22

General Information General Information

1. According to 2005/4 Decision of the Executive Body as repeated in the ECE/EB.AIR/2008/3 Decision of the Implementation Committee, Greece must make a presentation in accordance with paragraph 8 of EB decision 2005/4 during the discussion under item 9 "Compliance by Parties with their obligations".

2. The final report describing the progress that has been made and the measures referred to in paragraph 5 of decision 2005/4 (as reiterated in 11th report par 2.12.f), will be submitted to the Implementation Committee by March 31, 2009.

3. A draft informal report is accompanying this presentation . From this report we can conclude that Greece is in compliance with the relevant provisions of NOx Protocol for the year 2010. It must be taken into account that even though Greece is in line without taking further measures for the year 2010, it has the intention to take new measures for better results after the year 2010.


33

Obligations Obligations

1. Greece taking into account all the pending obligations to the EB and Implementation Committee is going to fulfill all its obligations to the Protocol on Nitrogen Oxides

2. submit a final report describing the progress it has been made and the measures referred to in paragraph 5 of decision 2005/4 until 31-3-2009.

3. Make a presentation of the above in the 26th Session.

4. To submit the EMEP 50x50 km2 Inventory the soonest (available now).

5. To complete the questionnaire 2008 that has not been submitted so far.


44

Requirements to be reported. Requirements to be reported.

1. According to the Decision EB.AIR/2005/3 of the September 13, 2005 the Executive Body :

2. urges Greece to consider taking additional measures in order to fulfill its obligation under article 2, paragraph 1, of the NOx Protocol as soon as possible

3. To fulfill its emission reduction obligations under the NOx Protocol, setting out a timetable with annual steps for the achievement of these measures and indicating the projected effects of each of these measures on its NOx emissions per year up to and including the year of predicted compliance;

4. Invites Greece, when deciding on the measures indicated above, to consider areas with high potential for achieving reductions of NOx emissions

5. Requests Greece to provide the Implementation Committee, with a report


55

Energy Sector EmissionsEnergy Sector Emissions

Big scale state investments in the energy sector are not foreseen until 2010. Another announced private investment is not going to be realized until 2010.

In previous document sent to the Implementation Committee in early 2008, a considerable emissions increase was associated with increasing production of electricity in small Aegean islands.

Although, as the whole installed capacity in the islands represents only a small percentage of the total installed capacity of the country, this statement seems rather unreliable.


66

Emissions and projections 2010 Emissions and projections 2010 reported. reported.

Total emission values exceeded the threshold of 290 Kt/y for the period 2000-2006.

NOx emissions projections for the year 2010 as submitted in previous years. This remarkable increase in NOx emissions projections for 2010 as reported in 2008, is due to an overestimation of future investments in the energy sector.

2005 2006 2008

Energy industries (Combustion in Power plants and Energy production)

83.69 86 146

Road transport 55 65

Total (from all sources)

285 264 318


77

Measures planned for the emissions reduction –Measures planned for the emissions reduction –Energy sector.Energy sector.

The measures that will be taken are the following:

Replacement of existing units with new technology ones following the Best Available Techniques (BAT) as it is required by the IPPC Directive, and

Decommissioning of lignite installations which will be replaced later by new ones with Natural Gas as fuel and Photoboltaic installations. After 2010, new hydro plants will be added.


88

Energy Sector Emissions Energy Sector Emissions

Until 2010, two lignite units with a Nominal capacity of 913 MWth and one unit using Heavy Fuel Oil and Natural Gas with a capacity of 1185 MWth will be decommissioned.

Several internal combustion engines of total capacity of 200 MWth will be replaced by new engines of 180 MWth in the Aegean Islands. After 2010 and by the end of 2014 another 2000 MWth (public sector) will be installed. Installations of a total capacity of 1000 MWth (private sector) are expected to enter in operation after 2010.

NOx emissions from public electricity and heat production are expected to be 80.9 kt for 2010.

These estimations will be verified with detailed plans from the Public Power Corporation and the Competent authorities for the operation permits.


99

Energy Sector Emissions Energy Sector Emissions CalculationsCalculations

The models MARKAL, WASP IV and COSTPLUS were used for the calculations and projections

The use of these models leads to the conduction of analytical quantitative targets per technology, such as the demanded power for wind turbines, small - scale hydro or biomass or the quantification of energy savings in the industrial and residential sectors, etc.

The estimation of NOx emissions for years 2010, 1015 and 2020 is based on projected fuel consumption


1010

Energy Sector Emissions Calculations Energy Sector Emissions Calculations Projected fuel consumption for Electricity and Heat Production for Projected fuel consumption for Electricity and Heat Production for

mainland’s interconnected system mainland’s interconnected system ..Scenario Fuel type 2010 2015 2020

Scenario 0 Lignite 69923,8 63003,6 49388,7 kTons

Heavy Fuel Oil 521,6 0,0 0,0 kTons

Natural Gas 3958,0 3975,8 4372,6 10^6* nm^3

Coal 0,0 2844,5 5618,5 kTons



Natural Gas 3655,8 3129,3 3090,7 10^6* nm^3

Coal 0,0 2779,2 4062,8 kTons



Natural Gas 3779,3 4415,5 5098,7 10^6* nm^3

Coal 0,0 0,0 0,0 kTons


1111

Energy Sector Projection ScenariosEnergy Sector Projection Scenarios Projected fuel consumption for Electricity and Heat Production for Projected fuel consumption for Electricity and Heat Production for

non interconnected islandsnon interconnected islands

Scenario Fuel Type 2010 2015 2020

Scenario 0 NG Crete 0,0 86,6 270,3 ktoe

Oil - islands 495,5 515,1 461,0 ktoe


Oil - islands 495,1 503,2 392,6 ktoe


Oil - islands 495,1 503,2 400,0 ktoe


1212

Energy Sector (6)Energy Sector (6)NOx emissions and projectionsNOx emissions and projections

2006 2010 2015 2020

1 A 1 a Public Electricity and Heat Production 80,02 80,9 81,5 73,9 kt NOx

1 A 1 b Petroleum refining 6,32 7,6 7,8 7,5 kt NOx

1 A 1 c Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy I ndustries 0,19 0,2 0,2 0,2 kt NOx

1.A.1 Total 86,54 88,7 89,5 81,5 kt NOx


1313

Transportation Sector Emissions Transportation Sector Emissions

During the period 1990 – 2006 GHG emissions from road transport present an average annual rate of increase of approximately 4.2%.

The projections are clearly shown that emissions are going to considerably decrease mainly because of the measures announced by the Government for the withdrawal of older cars.

These measures are planned to be started in 2009.

Annual NOx emissions from road transport in 2010 will be

87.7 kt/y (scenario A)95.5kt/y (scenario B)


1414

Transportation Sector Emissions Transportation Sector Emissions Population of circulating vehicles according their age (first circulation year before and Population of circulating vehicles according their age (first circulation year before and

after 1995) and their typeafter 1995) and their type


1515

Transportation Sector Emissions Transportation Sector Emissions Contribution of each vehicle type to total NOx emissions from road trafficContribution of each vehicle type to total NOx emissions from road traffic

14%

8%

62%

13%

3%

Passenger Cars

Light Duty Vehicles

Heavy Duty Trucks

Buses

2-wheelers


1616

Transportation Sector EmissionsTransportation Sector EmissionsContribution of older and newer vehicles to NOx emissions of each vehicle Contribution of older and newer vehicles to NOx emissions of each vehicle

categorycategory


1717

Measures planned for the emissions reduction –Measures planned for the emissions reduction –Transportation sectorTransportation sector

Main Target

These measures will lead to a considerable decrease of NOx emissions due mainly to the withdrawal of older vehicles.


1818

Transportation Measures (1) Transportation Measures (1)

Environmental charges of vehicles circulation

•Yearly circulation charges will increase according to the environmental impact of each vehicle engine (passenger cars, 2-wheelers, trucks etc.)

•For the payment of the charges and in order to receive the corresponding sticker, the presentation of the emissions control card will be required.


1919


Environmental fees

Introduction of environmental fees concerning vehicles circulation as the following:

•Introduction of variable road tolls with respect to the environmental impact of each vehicle engine.

•Introduction of parking fees varying in accordance to the environmental impact of each vehicle engine.

•Congestion charges for vehicles entering the city centre. The charges will vary according to the environmental impact of each vehicle engine.


2020


Environmental circulation restrictions (green ring)

Implementation of a system of restricted entrance to the city centre applying to the more polluting vehicles of all types.


2121

Transportation Measures (4) Transportation Measures (4) Environmental circulation restrictions (green ring)Environmental circulation restrictions (green ring)

Vehicle

category

Environmental

“Performance”

Entrance to the

Green Ring

Passenger

Cars – Light

Duty Vehicles

Class D

Conventional (before ’93)

Only weekends

Class B and C

With catalytic converter (after 93)

With the “even-odd”

system (according

the last number of

the vehicle plate)

Class A

Low emissions

Free

2-Wheelers 2-stroke (mopeds <50cc) Only weekends

4-stroke Free

Trucks

Coaches

More than 15 years (Euro 1) Only weekends

Less than 15 years (Euro I I ,I I I ) Free

Clean (Euro IV) Free

Buses All Free


2222

FUTURE PROJECTION: 2010 SCENARIO AFUTURE PROJECTION: 2010 SCENARIO A

For this scenario, the following assumptions were made:All the governmental measures are applied in 2010.

70% of passenger cars older than 15 years old are withdrawn70% of light duty vehicles older than 15 years old are withdrawn

35% of heavy duty vehicles older than 15 years old are withdrawn35% of buses and coaches older than 15 years old are withdrawn

Nitrogen oxides emissions are 87,728 t/y


2323

FUTURE PROJECTION: 2010 SCENARIO BFUTURE PROJECTION: 2010 SCENARIO B

All the governmental measures are applied in 2010.50% of passenger cars older than 15 years old are withdrawn

50% of light duty vehicles older than 15 years old are withdrawn25% of heavy duty vehicles older than 15 years old are withdrawn25% of buses and coaches older than 15 years old are withdrawn

Nitrogen oxides emissions are 95,472 t/y


2424

Transportation Sector Emissions (2) Transportation Sector Emissions (2)

For the estimation of emissions from road transportation the model COPERT IV, Version 5.0 (December 2007), will be applied.

Air emissions from road transportation in 2006 in Greece 103.07 kt/y

Sector 2010 (kt/y)

Energy industries (Combustion in power plants

& energy production)

88.7

Manufacturing industry combustion

(Combustion in industry)

24

Road transport 87.7

Other transport 40

Other sectors 40

Fugitive emissions (from fuels) 0.4

Industrial processes 1.5

Solvent and other product use

Agriculture 1.3

Waste

Land use, lande use change and forestry

Total emissions 283.6


2525

Projections 2010 Projections 2010 (scenario A for Road transport )(scenario A for Road transport )

Based on the above, total expected NOx emissions for the year 2010 will not exceed the threshold of 290 kt/y.Projections will be reported for all sectors in the final report


2626

Projections 2010 Projections 2010 (scenario B for Road transport)(scenario B for Road transport)

Based on the above, total expected NOx emissions for the year 2010 will not exceed the threshold of 290 kt/y.Projections will be reported for all sectors in the final report

Table 3. Total NOx annual emissions per sector

Sector 2010 (kt/y)

Energy industries (Combustion in power plants

& energy production)

88.7

Manufacturing industry combustion

(Combustion in industry)

24

Road transport 95.5

Other transport 40

Other sectors 40

Fugitive emissions (from fuels) 0.4

Industrial processes 1.5

Solvent and other product use

Agriculture 1.3

Waste

Land use, lande use change and forestry

Total emissions 291.4

6/5/2015 greek presentation in 26 th session of the executive body for the convention on long-range...

Documents

executive body

th session

new measures

additional measures

eb decision

decision eb

implementation committee

requests greece