66714 erh vol-1 fm i-xcviii - · pdf filechuvash daniel e. schafer cimmerians roman k. kovalev...
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AbkhaziansB. George Hewitt
Abortion PolicySharon A. Kowalsky
Academy of ArtsRosalind P. Blakesley
Academy of SciencesAlexander Vucinich
Administration for Organized RecruitmentMichael Ellman
Administration, MilitaryDavid R. Jones
AdmiraltyWilliam Craft Brumfield
AdygeSeteney Shami
Adzhubei, Alexei IvanovichWilliam Taubman
AeroflotPaul R. Gregory
Afghanistan, Relations withRoger Kangas
Aganbegyan, Abel GezevichMichael Ellman
AgitpropK. Andrea Rusnock
Agrarian Party of RussiaNikolai Petrov
Agrarian ReformsRobert C. Stuart
AgricultureRobert C. Stuart
Aigun, Treaty ofSteven I. Levine
AjarsB. George Hewitt
Akayev, Askar AkayevichPaul J. Kubicek
Akhmatova, Anna AndreyevnaDiana Senechal
Akhromeyev, Sergei FyodorovichJacob W. Kipp
Akhundov, Mirza Fath AliGregory Twyman
xv
LIST OF ARTICLES
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Akkerman, Convention ofBruce W. Menning
Aksakov, Ivan SergeyevichAbbott Gleason
Aksakov, Konstantin SergeyevichAbbott Gleason
Alash OrdaDavid R. Jones
AlaskaJohanna Granville
Albanians, CaucasianRobert H. Hewsen
AlcoholismKate Transchel
Alcohol MonopolyPatricia Herlihy
Alexander IJean K. Berger
Alexander IIStephen M. Norris
Alexander IIIPeter Waldron
Alexander MikhailovichMartin Dimnik
Alexander YaroslavichMartin Dimnik
Alexandra FedorovnaNicholas Ganson
Alexandrov, Grigory AlexandrovichDenise J. Youngblood
Alexei I, PatriarchNathaniel Davis
Alexei II, PatriarchNikolas K. Gvosdev
Alexei MikhailovichPhilip Longworth
Alexei NikolayevichNicholas Ganson
Alexei PetrovichLindsey Hughes
Alexeyev, Mikhail VasilievichOleg R. Airapetov
Aliyev, HeidarGerard J. Libaridian
Allied InterventionNorman E. Saul
Alliluyeva, Svetlana IosifovnaJohanna Granville
AltaiVictor L. Mote
AltynRoman K. Kovalev
Amalrik, Andrei AlexeyevichPeter Rollberg
American Relief AdministrationWilliam Benton Whisenhunt
AnarchismCarl A. Linden
Andrei AlexandrovichMartin Dimnik
Andrei YaroslavichMartin Dimnik
Andrei YurevichMartin Dimnik
Andreyev, Leonid NikolayevichPeter Rollberg
Andreyeva, Nina AlexandrovnaJonathan Harris
Andropov, Yuri VladimirovichMarc D. Zlotnik
Andrusovo, Peace ofW. M. Reger IV
Anna IvanovnaZhand P. Shakibi
Anthony Khrapovitsky, MetropolitanRobert L. Nichols
Anthony Vadkovsky, MetropolitanRobert L. Nichols
Anti-Ballistic Missile TreatyRaymond L. Garthoff
Anti-Comintern PactHarold J. Goldberg
Anti-Party GroupWilliam Taubman
Antonov UprisingA. Delano DuGarm
Appanage EraElvira M. Wilbur
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
xvi E N C Y C L O P E D I A O F R U S S I A N H I S T O R Y
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ApparatJames R. Millar
April ThesesRex A. Wade
ArchitectureWilliam Craft Brumfield
ArchivesPatricia Kennedy Grimsted
Armand, InessaElizabeth A. Wood
Armenia and ArmeniansGeorge A. Bournoutian
Armenian Apostolic ChurchPaul Crego
ArmoryLindsey Hughes
Arms ControlWalter C. Clemens Jr.
ArtekJonathan D. Wallace
Article 6 of 1977 ConstitutionGordon B. Smith
Assembly of the LandRichard Hellie
Assortment PlansSusan J. Linz
Astrakhan, Khanate ofRoman K. Kovalev
Atomic EnergyPaul R. Josephson
August 1991 PutschAnn E. Robertson
Austerlitz, Battle ofFrederick W. Kagan
Austria, Relations withHugh LeCaine Agnew
AutocracyZhand P. Shakibi
AvarsPaul Crego
AviationAlbert L. Weeks
Avvakum PetrovichCathy J. Potter
Azerbaijan and AzerisGregory Twyman
Babel, Isaac EmmanuyelovichMilton Ehre
Babi BuntyBrian Kassof
Baikal-Amur Magistral RailwayChristopher J. Ward
Bakatin, Vadim ViktorovichJacob W. Kipp
Bakhtin, Mikhail MikhailovichGary Saul Morson
BakuAudrey Altstadt
Bakunin, Mikhail AlexandrovichAlbert L. Weeks
Balaklava, Battle ofAndrew Lambert
BalalaikaSerge Rogosin
Balkan WarsRichard Frucht
BalkarsPaul Crego
BalletTim Scholl
Baltic FleetJohanna Granville
Banking System, SovietPekka Sutela
Banking System, TsaristMartin C. Spechler
BanyaRoman K. Kovalev
Barannikov, Viktor PavlovichJacob W. Kipp
Barone, EnricoRichard E. Ericson
BarshchinaElvira M. Wilbur
Barsov, Alexander AlexandrovichMichael Ellman
Baryatinsky, Alexander IvanovichRonald Grigor Suny
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Bashkortostan and BashkirsDaniel E. Schafer
Basil IMikhail M. Krom
Basil IIMikhail M. Krom
Basil IIIMikhail M. Krom
BasmachisDaniel E. Schafer
BatuDonald Ostrowski
Bauer, Yevgeny FrantsevichJoan Neuberger
Bazarov, Vladimir AlexandrovichVincent Barnett
Beard TaxBrian Boeck
BednyakiMartin C. Spechler
Belarus and BelarusiansDavid M. Goldfrank
Belinsky, Vissarion GrigorievichPeter Rollberg
Belovezh AccordsPaul J. Kubicek
Bely, AndreiDiana Senechal
Berdyayev, Nikolai AlexandrovichBernice Glatzer Rosenthal
Beria, Lavrenti PavlovichvAmy Knight
Bering, Vitus JonassenIlya Vinkovetsky
Berlin BlockadeThomas Parrish
Berlin, Congress ofDavid M. Goldfrank
Berlin, Convention ofNikolas Gvosdev
BeschestieNancy Shields Kollmann
BessarabiaJohn Gledhill
Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Alexei PetrovichJohn T. Alexander
Birchbark ChartersSimon Franklin
BirobidzhanRobert Weinberg
Biron, Ernst JohannJohn T. Alexander
Black EarthVictor L. Mote
Black HundredJack Langer
Black MarketJulie Hessler
Black RepartitionA. Delano DuGarm
Black Sea FleetMichael Parrish
BlatMartin C. Spechler
Bloch, JanJacob W. Kipp
Blok, Alexander AlexandrovichDiana Senechal
Bloody SundayWalter Sablinsky
Bobrikov, Nikolai IvanovichTuomo Polvinen
Bolotnikov, Ivan IsayevichChester Dunning
BolshevismRobert C. Williams
Bolshoi TheaterTim Scholl
Bonner, Yelena GeorgievnaLisa A. Kirschenbaum
Book of DegreesGail Lenhoff
Boretskaya, Marfa IvanovnaGail Lenhoff
Borodino, Battle ofFrederick W. Kagan
BorotbistySerhy Yekelchyk
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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BoyarSergei Bogatyrev
Boyar DumaSergei Bogatyrev
Brazauskas, AlgirdasAlfred Erich Senn
Brest-Litovsk PeaceSally A. Boniece
Brezhnev DoctrineKieran Williams
Brezhnev, Leonid IlichRichard D. Anderson Jr.
Brodsky, Joseph AlexandrovichMaria Eitinguina
Bruce, James DavidJohanna Granville
Brusilov, Alexei AlexeyevichBruce W. Menning
Bryusov, Valery YakovlevichMark Konecny
Bucharest, Treaty ofRadu R. Florescu
Budenny, Semeon MikhailovichJonathan D. Smele
BukharaSeymour Becker
Bukharin, Nikolai IvanovichCarol GayleWilliam Moskoff
BukovinaJohn Gledhill
Bulgakov, Mikhail AfanasievichDiana Senechal
Bulgakov, Sergei NikolayevichCatherine Evtuhov
Bulganin, Nikolai AlexandrovichRoger D. Markwick
BulgariansJohanna Granville
Bulgaria, Relations withKyril Drezov
Bund, JewishJohn D. Klier
Bunin, Ivan AlexeyevichMilton Ehre
Bureaucracy, EconomicPaul R. Gregory
BuryatsJohanna Granville
Butashevich-Petrashevsky, Mikhail VasilievichDmitri Glinski
BylinaNorman W. Ingham
Byzantium, Influence ofSimon Franklin
CabaretJohanna Granville
Cabinet of Ministers, ImperialJohn M. Thompson
Cabinet of Ministers, SovietGerald M. Easter
Cadres PolicyChristopher Williams
CalendarAnn E. Robertson
CantonistsJohn D. Klier
CapitalismThomas C. Owen
Carpatho-RusynsPaul Robert Magocsi
Cathedral of Christ the SaviorNicholas Ganson
Cathedral of St. BasilLindsey Hughes
Cathedral of St. Sophia, KievWilliam Craft Brumfield
Cathedral of St. Sophia, NovgorodWilliam Craft Brumfield
Cathedral of the ArchangelLindsey Hughes
Cathedral of the DormitionLindsey Hughes
Catherine ILindsey Hughes
Catherine IIJohn T. Alexander
CatholicismGregory L. Freeze
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Caucasian WarsRobert F. Baumann
CaucasusPaul Crego
Caves MonasteryDavid K. Prestel
CaviarVictor L. Mote
CensorshipCharles A. Ruud
Central AsiaRoger Kangas
Central Bank of RussiaJuliet Johnson
Central CommitteeJohanna Granville
Central Control CommissionNick Baron
Central Statistical AgencySteven Rosefielde
Chaadayev, Peter YakovlevichRaymond T. McNally
Chagall, MarcMark Konecny
Chancellery SystemPeter B. Brown
Chapayev, Vasily IvanovichDenise J. Youngblood
Chapbook LiteratureE. Anthony Swift
Charskaya, Lydia AlexeyevnaElizabeth Jones Hemenway
Charter of the CitiesGeorge E. Munro
Charter of the NobilityNickolas Lupinin
ChastushkaRoman K. Kovalev
Chayanov, Alexander VasilievichStephan Merl
Chebrikov, Viktor MikhailovichAmy Knight
Chechnya and ChechensJohanna Nichols
Chekhov, Anton PavlovichAndrew R. Durkin
CherkessSeteney Shami
Chernenko, Konstantin UstinovichMarc D. Zlotnik
ChernobylDavid R. Marples
Chernomyrdin, Viktor StepanovichPeter Reddaway
Chernov, Viktor MikhailovichSarah Badcock
ChernuhkaEliot Borenstein
Chernyshev, Alexander IvanovichFrederick W. Kagan
Chernyshevsky, Nikolai GavrilovichVictoria Khiterer
ChervonetsJuliet Johnson
Chesme, Battle ofJohn C. K. Daly
Chicherin, Georgy VasilievichTeddy J. Uldricks
China, Relations withSteven I. Levine
Chirikov, Alexei IlichJohn McCannon
Chkalov, Valery PavlovichJohn McCannon
Chkheidze, Nikolai SemenovichStephen Jones
ChristianizationDonald Ostrowski
Chronicle of Current EventsMarshall S. Shatz
Chronicle of Human Rights in the USSRMarshall S. Shatz
ChroniclesGail Lenhoff
Chubais, Anatoly BorisovichStefan Hedlund
Chuikov, Vasily IvanovichDavid M. Glantz
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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ChukchiGail A. Fondahl
Chukovskaya, Lydia KorneyevnaJacqueline M. Olich
Chukovsky, Kornei IvanovichElizabeth Jones Hemenway
Church CouncilGeorge T. Kosar
Church Council, Hundred ChaptersDebra A. Coulter
ChuvashDaniel E. Schafer
CimmeriansRoman K. Kovalev
CircusRósa Magnúsdóttir
Civic UnionMichael Ellman
Civil War of 1425–1450Richard Hellie
Civil War of 1917–1922Donald J. Raleigh
Class SystemLewis H. Siegelbaum
ClimateVictor L. Mote
Cold WarMark Kramer
Collective FarmRobert C. Stuart
Collective ResponsibilityBrian Boeck
Collectivization of AgricultureRobert C. Stuart
Colonial ExpansionRichard Hellie
ColonialismDaniel Brower
Command Administrative EconomyRichard E. Ericson III
Commanding Heights of the EconomyMartin C. Spechler
CommissarSharon A. Kowalsky
Committee for the Operational Management of theNational Economy
Peter Rutland
Committee of Soldiers’ MothersJacob W. Kipp
Committees of the Village PoorA. Delano DuGarm
Commonwealth of Independent StatesPaul J. Kubicek
CommunismJohn M. Thompson
Communist AcademyDavid Brandenberger
Communist BlocYaroslav Bilinsky
Communist Information BureauGale Stokes
Communist InternationalWilliam J. Chase
Communist Party of the Russian FederationLuke March
Communist Party of the Soviet UnionGraeme Gill
Communist Youth OrganizationsAnne E. Gorsuch
Congress of People’s DeputiesThomas F. Remington
Congress of Russian CommunitiesNikolai Petrov
ConsistoryVera Shevzov
Constituent AssemblyMichael Melancon
Constitutional CourtGordon B. Smith
Constitutional Democratic PartyMelissa K. Stockdale
Constitution of 1918Albert L. Weeks
Constitution of 1936Karen Petrone
Constitution of 1977Peter B. Maggs
Constitution of 1993Gordon B. Smith
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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ConstructivismHugh D. Hudson Jr.
Control FiguresMartin C. Spechler
Conventional Forces in Europe TreatyJohanna Granville
Cooperatives, Law onCarol GayleWilliam Moskoff
Cooperative SocietiesWilliam MoskoffCarol Gayle
Copper RiotsJarmo T. Kotilaine
Corporal PunishmentBoris N. Mironov
Corporation, RussianThomas C. Owen
CosmopolitanismKarl D. Qualls
CossacksBruce W. Menning
Council for Mutual Economic AssistanceDaniel R. Kazmer
Council of Ministers, SovietDerek Watson
CounterreformsDaniel Orlovsky
Country EstatesPriscilla Roosevelt
Court, High ArbitrationPeter B. Maggs
Court, SupremePeter B. Maggs
CrimeaTaras Kuzio
Crimean KhanateAlan Fisher
Crimean TatarsAlan Fisher
Crimean WarDavid M. Goldfrank
Crony CapitalismStefan Hedlund
Cuban Missile CrisisHugh Phillips
Cuba, Relations withCole Blasier
Cult of PersonalityKaren Petrone
Cultural RevolutionSheila FitzpatrickBenjamin Zajicek
Custine, Astolphe Louis LeonorPeter Rollberg
Customs BooksJarmo T. Kotilaine
Cyril and Methodius SocietySerhy Yekelchyk
Cyrillic AlphabetAnn E. Robertson
Cyril of TurovNorman W. Ingham
Czartoryski, Adam JerzyJohanna Granville
Czechoslovakia, Invasion ofKieran Williams
Czechoslovakia, Relations withAnn E. Robertson
DagestanPaul Crego
Daniel, MetropolitanDavid M. Goldfrank
Daniel, Yuli MarkovichJohn McCannon
Danilevsky, Nikolai YakovlevichAlbert L. Weeks
DarginsPaul Crego
Dashkova, Yekaterina RomanovnaMichelle Lamarche Marrese
DashnaktsutiunGerard J. Libaridian
Decembrist Movement and RebellionElena Zemskova
Decree on LandStephen K. Wegren
DedovshchinaJonathan Weiler
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Defectors, Soviet EraAmy Knight
Democratic PartyNikolai Petrov
Democratic RussiaNikolai Petrov
Democratic UnionNikolai Petrov
DemocratizationDmitri Glinski
DemographyCynthia J. Buckley
DengaRoman K. Kovalev
Denikin, Anton IvanovichAnatol Shmelev
Denmark, Relations withJarmo T. Kotilaine
DeportationsEric Lohr
Derzhavin, Gavryl RomanovichJohanna Granville
De-StalinizationGraeme Gill
DétenteMarie-Pierre Rey
Developed SocialismVladimir E. Shlapentokh
Dezhnev, Semen IvanovichJohn McCannon
Diagilev, Sergei PavlovichTim Scholl
Dialectical MaterialismAlfred B. Evans Jr.
Dictatorship of the ProletariatRay Taras
DioceseCathy J. Potter
DionisyA. Dean McKenzie
Disenfranchized PersonsGolfo Alexopoulos
Dissident MovementYaroslav Bilinsky
Dmitry AlexandrovichMartin Dimnik
Dmitry, FalseChester Dunning
Dmitry MikhailovichMartin Dimnik
Dmitry of UglichBrian Boeck
Doctors’ PlotDavid Brandenberger
DolgansJohanna Granville
DomostroiCarolyn Johnston Pouncy
Donation BooksLudwig Steindorff
Donskoy, Dmitry IvanovichGail Lenhoff
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor MikhailovichPeter Rollberg
Dudayev, DzhokharDmitri Glinski
Dugin, Alexander GelevichJacob W. Kipp
DumaJohn M. Thompson
Dunayevsky, Isaak OsipovichRichard Stites
DunganJohanna Granville
Durova, Nadezhda AndreyevnaMary Zirin
DvoeverieStella Rock
DvorianstvoRichard Hellie
Dyachenko, Tatiana BorisovnaPeter Reddaway
DyakPeter B. Brown
Dzerzhinsky, Felix EdmundovichRobert E. Blobaum
Economic Growth, ExtensiveMartin C. Spechler
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Economic Growth, ImperialPaul R. Gregory
Economic Growth, IntensiveSteven Rosefielde
Economic Growth, SovietGur Ofer
Economic Reform CommissionMichael Ellman
EconomismMartin C. Spechler
Economy, Post-SovietPaul R. Gregory
Economy, TsaristCarol GayleWilliam Moskoff
EdinonachalieSusan J. Linz
EducationBrian Kassof
Ehrenburg, Ilya GrigorovichJohn Patrick Farrell
Eisenstein, Sergei MikhailovichJoan Neuberger
Electoral CommissionNikolai Petrov
Electricity GridPeter Rutland
ElizabethJohn T. Alexander
Emancipation ActJulia Ulyannikova
Empire, USSR asZhand P. Shakibi
Engels, FriedrichAlfred B. Evans Jr.
Enlightenment, Impact ofOlga Tsapina
EnserfmentRichard Hellie
Enterprise, SovietSusan J. Linz
EnvironmentalismRachel May
EpiscopateZoe Knox
Estonia and EstoniansArt Leete
Ethiopian Civil WarJohanna Granville
Ethnography, Russian and SovietNathaniel Knight
EvenkiGail A. Fondahl
Fabergé, Peter CarlLouise McReynolds
Family Code of 1926Wendy Goldman
Family Code on Marriage, the Family, andGuardianship
Wendy Goldman
Family Edict of 1944Rebecca Balmas Neary
Family Laws of 1936Wendy Goldman
Famine of 1891–1892Richard G. Robbins Jr.
Famine of 1921–1922Mark B. Tauger
Famine of 1932–1933Mark B. Tauger
Famine of 1946Nicholas Ganson
Far Eastern RegionGilbert Rozman
Fatherland-All RussiaNikolai Petrov
Feast BooksLudwig Steindorff
February RevolutionRex A. Wade
Federal AssemblyThomas F. Remington
FederalismRoger Kangas
Federal Property FundJames R. Millar
Federation TreatiesEdward W. Walker
Feldman, Grigory AlexandrovichMartin C. Spechler
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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FeldsherSamuel C. Ramer
Fellow TravelersKarl E. Loewenstein
FeminismLinda Edmondson
Ferghana ValleyMichael Rouland
FeudalismRichard Hellie
Filaret Drozdov, MetropolitanRobert Nichols
Filaret Romanov, PatriarchRussell E. Martin
FinlandPaul J. Kubicek
Finns and KareliansRein Taagepera
FirebirdNorman W. Ingham
Five-Hundred-Day PlanRobert W. Campbell
Five-Year PlansHolland Hunter
Florence, Council ofGeorge P. Majeska
FolklorePatricia Arant
Folk MusicSusannah Lockwood Smith
FondoderzhateliPaul R. Gregory
Fonvizin, Denis IvanovichJohanna Granville
FoodDarra Goldstein
Foreign DebtStefan Hedlund
Foreign TradeMartin C. Spechler
France, Relations withMarie-Pierre Rey
Free Economic SocietyCarol GayleWilliam Moskoff
FreemasonryOlga Tsapina
French Influence in RussiaMartine Mespoulet
French War of 1812Frederick W. Kagan
Frontier FortificationsBrian Davies
Frunze, Mikhail VasilievichMichael Parrish
Full Economic AccountingSusan J. Linz
Fundamental Laws of 1906Oleg Budnitskii
Funded CommoditiesJames R. Millar
FuturismHugh D. Hudson Jr.
Fyodor AlexeyevichLindsey Hughes
Fyodor IIChester Dunning
Fyodor IvanovichJohanna Granville
Fyodorov, Boris GrigorievichPeter Rutland
Fyodorov, IvanHugh M. Olmsted
Gagarin, Yuri AlexeyevichPhyllis Conn
GagauzMikhail Guboglo
Gaidar, Yegor TimurovichPeter Rutland
Gamsakhurdia, ZviadStephen Jones
Gapon, Georgy ApollonovichWalter Sablinsky
Gaspirali, Ismail BeyEdward J. Lazzerini
GatchinaWilliam Craft Brumfield
General SecretaryNorma C. Noonan
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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GeneticistsJames R. Millar
Geneva Summit of 1985Raymond L. Garthoff
Genoa ConferenceTeddy J. Uldricks
GenocideGerard J. Libaridian
GeographyVictor L. Mote
Georgia and GeorgiansPaul Crego
Georgian Orthodox ChurchPaul Crego
German Democratic RepublicMelissa R. Jordine
German SettlersKevin Alan Brook
Germany, Relations withMelissa R. Jordine
GigantomaniaVictoria Khiterer
Ginzburg, Evgenia SemenovnaAlison Rowley
GKOsPekka Sutela
GlasnostCarl A. Linden
GlavkiMartin C. Spechler
GlavlitBrian Kassof
Glinka, Mikhail IvanovichMatthias Stadelmann
Glinskaya, Yelena VasilyevnaIsolde Thyrêt
GnezdovoHeidi M. Sherman
Godunov, Boris FyodorovichChester Dunning
Gogol, Nikolai VasilievichDiana Senechal
Golden Age of Russian LiteratureMichael A. Denner
Golden HordeDonald Ostrowski
Gold StandardJuliet Johnson
Golitsyn, Vasily VasilievichLindsey Hughes
Goncharova, Natalia SergeyevnaJane A. Sharp
Goncharov, Ivan AlexandrovichCatherine O’Neil
Goods FamineRobert C. Stuart
Gorbachev, Mikhail SergeyevichArchie Brown
Gorbachev, Raisa MaximovnaArchie Brown
Gorchakov, Alexander MikhailovichNorman E. Saul
Gordon, Patrick LeopoldJarmo T. Kotilaine
Goremykin, Ivan LonginovichJohn M. Thompson
Gorky, MaximTovah Yedlin
GosbankJuliet Johnson
GosizdatBrian Kassof
GoskomstatMartine Mespoulet
GosplanPaul R. Gregory
GostiSamuel H. Baron
Gostinaya SotnyaJarmo T. Kotilaine
Gosudaryev DvorSergei Bogatyrev
Governing SenateZhand P. Shakibi
Grain Crisis of 1928Carol GayleWilliam Moskoff
Grain TradeBoris N. Mironov
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Grand AllianceDavid M. Glantz
Grand PrinceJanet Martin
Great Britain, Relations withJohanna Granville
Great Northern WarPaul A. Bushkovitch
Great ReformsDaniel Field
Greece, Relations withJohanna Granville
GreeksPatricia Herlihy
Green MovementA. Delano DuGarm
Griboedov, Alexander SergeyevichJohanna Granville
Grigorenko, Peter GrigorievichJonathan Weiler
Grishin, Viktor VasilievichTerry D. Clark
GrivnaRoman K. Kovalev
Gromov, Boris VsevolodovichJacob W. Kipp
Gromyko, Andrei AndreyevichGraeme Gill
Grossman, Vasily SemenovichKarl E. Loewenstein
Guards, Regiments ofFrederick W. Kagan
Guba Administrative SystemBrian Davies
GuberniyaNick Baron
GuildsThomas C. Owen
GulagDavid J. Nordlander
GUMJulie Hessler
Gumilev, Lev NikolayevichJacob W. Kipp
Gumilev, Nikolai StepanovichBrian Kassof
GypsyDarrell Slider
GypsymaniaRichard Stites
HagiographyGail Lenhoff
Hague Peace ConferencesWalter C. Clemens Jr.
Hanseatic LeagueLawrence N. Langer
Hard Budget ConstraintsSusan J. Linz
Hayek, FriedrichRichard E. Ericson
Health Care Services, ImperialSamuel C. Ramer
Health Care Services, SovietMark G. Field
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm FriedrichAlbert L. Weeks
Helsinki AccordsChristopher J. Ward
Herzen, Alexander IvanovichDmitri Glinski
Higher Party SchoolPeter Rutland
Hilarion, MetropolitanDavid K. Prestel
His Majesty’s Own ChanceryZhand P. Shakibi
Historical SongsNorman W. Ingham
HistoriographyOleg Budnitskii
Holy AllianceDavid Wetzel
Holy SynodDebra A. Coulter
Homeless ChildrenJacqueline M. Olich
Hrushevsky, Mikhail SergeyevichSerhy Yekelchyk
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Human RightsPeter Juviler
Hungarian RevolutionJohanna Granville
Hungary, Relations withJohanna Granville
HunsRoman K. Kovalev
IconsGregory L. Freeze
IdealismBoris Gubman
IgorMartin Dimnik
Ilminsky, Nikolai IvanovichIsabelle Kreindler
Immigration and EmigrationEric Lohr
Imperial Russian Geographical SocietyVictor L. Mote
Imperial Russian Technological SocietyMartine Mespoulet
Index Number RelativityGur Ofer
Indicative PlanningMartin C. Spechler
IndustrializationRobert C. Stuart
Industrialization, RapidGur Ofer
Industrialization, SovietPaul R. Gregory
InorodtsyJohn D. Klier
Input-Output AnalysisSteven Rosefielde
Institute of Red ProfessorsDavid Brandenberger
Instruction, Legislative Commission of Catherine IIMichelle DenBeste
IntelligentsiaVictoria Khiterer
Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces TreatyWalter C. Clemens Jr.
International Space StationJohn M. Logsdon
Inter-Regional Deputies’ GroupPeter Reddaway
Iran, Relations withRobert O. Freedman
Iraq, Relations withRobert O. Freedman
Iron CurtainKarl D. Qualls
IslamAdeeb Khalid
Israel, Relations withRobert O. Freedman
Italy, Relations withJ. Calvitt Clarke III
Ivan IMartin Dimnik
Ivan IIMartin Dimnik
Ivan IIIMikhail M. Krom
Ivan IVSergei Bogatyrev
Ivan VPaul A. Bushkovitch
Ivan VILindsey Hughes
Ivashko, Vladimir AntonovichDavid R. Marples
IzbaRichard Hellie
IzvestiyaMatthew E. Lenoe
Izyaslav IMartin Dimnik
Izyaslav MstislavichMartin Dimnik
Jackson-Vanik AgreementRobert O. Freedman
JadidismEdward J. Lazzerini
Japan, Relations withCharles E. Ziegler
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Jassy, Treaty ofBruce W. Menning
JewsJohn D. Klier
Joakim, PatriarchCathy J. Potter
Job, PatriarchDebra A. Coulter
Joseph of Volotsk, St.David M. Goldfrank
JournalismCharles A. Ruud
JudaizersDavid M. Goldfrank
July Days of 1917Michael C. Hickey
KabardiansSeteney Shami
Kaganovich, Lazar MoyseyevichKate Transchel
KAL 007Timothy Thomas
KaliningradRichard J. Krickus
Kalinin, Mikhail IvanovichKate Transchel
KalmyksJohanna Granville
Kamenev, Lev BorisovichMichael C. Hickey
Kandinsky, Vassily VassilyvichMark Konecny
Kantorovich, Leonid VitaliyevichMartin C. Spechler
Kaplan, FanyaSally A. Boniece
KarachaiBrian Boeck
KarakalpaksPaul J. Kubicek
Karakhan DeclarationTeddy J. Uldricks
Karamzin, Nikolai MikhailovichAndreas Schönle
Kasyanov, Mikhail MikhailovichPeter Rutland
Katkov, Mikhail NikiforovichVictoria Khiterer
Katyn Forest MassacreAlbert L. Weeks
Kaufman, Konstantin PetrovichDaniel Brower
Kazakhstan and KazakhsDavid R. Jones
KazanDonald Ostrowski
Kellogg-Briand PactTeddy J. Uldricks
Kerensky, Alexander FyodorovichRex A. Wade
Khabarov, Yerofei PavlovichJohn McCannon
KhakassJohanna Granville
Khalkin-Gol, Battle ofMary R. Habeck
KhantyArt Leete
Khasbulatov, Ruslan ImranovichAnn E. Robertson
KhazarsRoman K. Kovalev
KhivaDaniel Brower
Khmelnitsky, BohdanFrank E. Sysyn
Khomyakov, Alexei StepanovichAbbott Gleason
KhovanshchinaLindsey Hughes
KhozraschetSusan J. Linz
Khrushchev, Nikita SergeyevichWilliam Taubman
KhutorWilliam MoskoffCarol Gayle
Kievan Caves PatericonDavid K. Prestel
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Kievan RusJanet Martin
Kireyevsky, Ivan VasilievichAbbott Gleason
Kirill-Beloozero MonasteryRobert Romanchuk
Kiriyenko, Sergei VladilenovichHugh Phillips
Kirov, Sergei MironovichPaul M. Hagenloh
Klyuchevsky, Vasily OsipovichBoris N. Mironov
Kokoshin, Andrei AfanasievichJacob W. Kipp
Kolchak, Alexander VasilievichN. G. O. Pereira
Kollontai, Alexandra MikhailovnaBarbara Evans Clements
KomiRein Taagepera
KomuchVictor M. Fic
Kondratiev, Nikolai DmitrievichVincent Barnett
Konev, Ivan StepanovichMichael Parrish
Konstantin NikolayevichLarissa Zakharova
KopeckJarmo T. Kotilaine
KoreansAndrei Lankov
Korean WarKathryn Weathersby
Korea, Relations withAndrei Lankov
KorenizatsyaRobert Maier
Kormchaya KnigaMartin Dimnik
KormlenieStefan Hedlund
Kornai, JanosMartin C. Spechler
Kornilov AffairRex A. Wade
Korolenko, Vladimir GalaktionovichJohanna Granville
Korsh TheaterLouise McReynolds
KoryaksJohanna Granville
Korzhakov, Alexander VasilievichPeter Reddaway
Kosmodemyanskaya, ZoyaRosalinde Sartorti
Kosygin, Alexei NikolayevichGraeme Gill
Kosygin ReformsMartin C. Spechler
Kotoshikhin, Grigory KarpovichBenjamin Uroff
Kovalev, Sergei AdamovichPeter Reddaway
Kovalevskaya, Sofia VasilievnaMary Zirin
Kozlov, Frol RomanovichWilliam Taubman
Kozyrev, Andrei VladimirovichPaul J. Kubicek
Krasnov, Pyotr NikolayevichJonathan D. Smele
Kravchuk, Leonid MakarovichRobert S. Kravchuk
KremlinWilliam Craft Brumfield
KremlinologyAnthony D’Agostino
Kritzman, Lev NatanovichNick Baron
Kronstadt UprisingA. Delano DuGarm
Kropotkin, Pyotr AlexeyevichJohn Slatter
Krupskaya, Nadezhda KonstantinovnaElizabeth A. Wood
Krylov, Ivan AndreyevichLouise McReynolds
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Kryuchkov, Vladimir AlexandrovichAmy Knight
Kuchuk Kainarji, Treaty ofNorman E. Saul
KulaksStephan Merl
Kuleshov, Lev VladimirovichDenise J. Youngblood
Kulikovo Field, Battle ofDonald Ostrowski
KulturnostJulia Obertreis
Kunayev, Dinmukhammed AkhmedovichDavid R. Jones
Kurbsky, Andrei MikhailovichSergei Bogatyrev
KurdsJohanna Granville
Kuril IslandsCharles E. Ziegler
Kuritsyn, Fyodor VasilevichDavid M. Goldfrank
Kuropatkin, Alexei NikolayevichDavid Schimmelpenninck van der Oye
Kursk, Battle ofDavid M. Glantz
Kursk Submarine DisasterJacob W. Kipp
KustarE. Anthony Swift
Kutuzov, Mikhail IlarionovichFrederick W. Kagan
Kuybyshev, Valerian VladimirovichKate Transchel
Kuznetsov, Nikolai GerasimovichMichael Parrish
Kyrgyzstan and KyrgyzRoger Kangas
LaborDavid Pretty
Labor BooksRobert C. Stuart
Labor DayRobert C. Stuart
Labor Theory of ValueAlfred B. Evans Jr.
Lake BaikalRachel May
Land and Freedom PartyChristopher Williams
Land CaptainOleg Budnitskii
Landsbergis, VytautasAlfred Erich Senn
Land Tenure, Imperial EraMichelle Lamarche Marrese
Land Tenure, Soviet and Post-SovietStephen K. Wegren
Language LawsVladislava Reznik
Latvia and LatviansAndrejs Plakans
Law Code of 1649Richard Hellie
Lay of Igor’s CampaignNorman W. Ingham
Lazarev InstituteGeorge A. Bournoutian
League of Armed NeutralityNorman E. Saul
League of NationsTeddy J. Uldricks
League of the Militant GodlessDaniel Peris
Lebed, Alexander IvanovichJacob W. Kipp
LefortovoGeorg Wurzer
Left OppositionKate Transchel
Left Socialist RevolutionariesMichael Melancon
Legal SystemsMichael Newcity
Legislative Commission of 1767–1768Janet Hartley
Leichoudes, Ioannikios and SophroniosNikolaos A. Chrissidis
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Leipzig, Battle ofOleg Budnitskii
Lena Goldfields MassacreMichael Melancon
Lend LeaseMikhail Suprun
Leningrad AffairRichard Bidlack
Leningrad, Siege ofRichard Bidlack
Lenin’s TestamentChristopher Williams
Lenin’s TombKaren Petrone
Lenin, Vladimir IlichChristopher Read
Leontiev, Konstantin NikolayevichAlfred B. Evans Jr.
Lermontov, Mikhail YurievichZhand P. Shakibi
Leskov, Nikolai SemenovichPeter Rollberg
Lesnaya, Battle ofPaul A. Bushkovitch
LezginsPaul Crego
Liberal Democratic PartyNikolai Petrov
LiberalismHugh Phillips
Liberman, Yevsei GrigorevichRobert W. Campbell
Ligachev, Yegor KuzmichJonathan Harris
Likhachev, Dmitry SergeyevichJohn Patrick Farrell
Lithuania and LithuaniansAlfred Erich Senn
Litvinov, Maxim MaximovichHugh Phillips
Living Church MovementEdward E. Roslof
Livonian WarMikhail M. Krom
Lobachevsky, Nikolai IvanovichAlexander Vucinich
Local Government and AdministrationIgor Yeykelis
Lomonosov, Mikhail VasilievichAlexander Vucinich
Loris-Melikov, Mikhail TarielovichOleg Budnitskii
Lotman, Yuri MikhailovichJohanna Granville
Lovers of Wisdom, TheVictoria Frede
LubokGary Thurston
LubyankaGeorg Wurzer
Lukashenko, Alexander GrigorievichDavid R. Marples
Lukyanov, Anatoly IvanovichAnn E. Robertson
Lunacharsky, Anatoly VasilievichSheila Fitzpatrick
Luzhkov, Yuri MikhailovichTerry D. Clark
Lysenko, Trofim DenisovichRósa Magnúsdóttir
Machine Tractor StationsRobert C. Stuart
Mafia CapitalismStefan Hedlund
Main Political DirectorateAnn E. Robertson
Makarov, Stepan OsipovichJacob W. Kipp
Makary, MetropolitanDonald Ostrowski
Makhno, Nestor IvanovichJonathan D. Smele
Malenkov, Georgy MaximilyanovichDavid R. Marples
Malevich, Kazimir SeverinovichHugh D. Hudson Jr.
Malta SummitRaymond L. Garthoff
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Mandelshtam, Nadezhda YakovlevnaJudith E. Kalb
Mandelshtam, Osip EmilievichJudith E. Kalb
Manifesto of 1763John T. Alexander
MansiRein Taagepera
Mari El and the MariSeppo Lallukka
Market SocialismRichard Ericson
Marriage and Family LifeWilliam G. Wagner
Martov, Yuli OsipovichNick Baron
MarxismAlfred B. Evans Jr.
MaslenitsaRoman K. Kovalev
Material BalancesSusan J. Linz
Material Product SystemMisha V. Belkindas
Matryoshka DollsPriscilla Roosevelt
Matveyev, Artamon SergeyevichMartha Luby Lahana
Maxim the Greek, St.Hugh M. Olmsted
Mayakovsky, Vladimir VladimirovichMark Konecny
Mazepa, Hetman Ivan StepanovichLindsey Hughes
Medvedev, Roy AlexandrovichRoger D. Markwick
Medvedev, Sylvester AgafonikovichNikolaos A. Chrissidis
Medvedev, Zhores AlexandrovichRósa Magnúsdóttir
Melnikov, Konstantin StepanovichHugh D. Hudson Jr.
MemorialPeter Reddaway
Mendeleyev, Dmitry IvanovichAlexander Vucinich
MensheviksAlice K. Pate
Menshikov, Alexander DanilovichLindsey Hughes
MercantilismMartin C. Spechler
MerchantsThomas C. Owen
Meskhetian TurksJustin Odum
MestnichestvoNancy Shields Kollmann
MetropolitanDonald Ostrowski
Meyerhold, Vsevolod YemilievichSharon Marie Carnicke
Mighty HandfulMatthias Stadelmann
MigrationCynthia J. Buckley
Mikhailovsky, Nikolai KonstantinovichDmitri Glinski
Mikhalkov, Nikita SergeyevichJoan Neuberger
Mikoyan, Anastas IvanovichRoger D. Markwick
Military ArtBruce W. Menning
Military DoctrineBruce W. Menning
Military-Economic PlanningMark Harrison
Military, Imperial EraBruce W. Menning
Military-Industrial ComplexSteven Rosefielde
Military IntelligenceDavid Schimmelpenninck van der Oye
Military ReformsJohn W. Steinberg
Military, Soviet and Post-SovietRoger R. Reese
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Milyukov, Paul NikolayevichOleg Budnitskii
Milyutin, Dmitry AlexeyevichLarissa Zakharova
Milyutin, Nikolai AlexeyevichDaniel Field
MingreliansB. George Hewitt
Minin, KuzmaMaureen Perrie
Ministries, EconomicPaul R. Gregory
Ministry of Foreign TradeJames R. Millar
Ministry of Internal AffairsMark Galeotti
MirStephan Merl
MIR Space StationJohn M. Logsdon
Mniszech, MarinaChester Dunning
Moiseyev, Mikhail AlexeyevichJacob W. Kipp
Moldova and MoldovansWilliam Crowther
Molotov, Vyacheslav MikhailovichDerek Watson
MonasticismScott M. Kenworthy
Monetary OverhangPekka Sutela
Monetary System, SovietPekka Sutela
Montenegro, Relations withJohn D. Treadway
MordvinsIsabelle Kreindler
Morozova, Feodosya ProkopevnaNada Boskovska
Morozov, Boris IvanovichRichard Hellie
Morozov, Pavel TrofimovichCatriona Kelly
MoscowTerry D. Clark
Moscow Agricultural SocietyRobert E. Johnson
Moscow Art TheaterSharon Marie Carnicke
Moscow BaroqueLindsey Hughes
Moscow, Battle ofAnthony Young
Moscow Olympics of 1980Paul R. Josephson
Moskvitin, Ivan YurievichJohn McCannon
Motion PicturesDenise J. Youngblood
Movement for Democratic ReformsJonathan Harris
Movement in Support of the ArmyNikolai Petrov
MstislavMartin Dimnik
Muraviev, NikitaJohanna Granville
MusavatGregory Twyman
MuscovyDavid M. Goldfrank
Museum, HermitageAnn E. Robertson
MusicMatthias Stadelmann
Myasoedov AffairEric Lohr
Nagorno-KarabakhGerard J. Libaridian
Nagrodskaya, Evdokia ApollonovnaJohanna Granville
NakhichevanGregory Twyman
Nakhimov, Pavel StepanovichJohn C. K. Daly
Napoleon IMarie-Pierre Rey
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Narimanov, NarimanAudrey Altstadt
Narva, Battles ofPaul A. Bushkovitch
Naryshkina, Natalia KirillovnaLindsey Hughes
National Library of RussiaJanice T. Pilch
Nationalism in the ArtsStephen M. Norris
Nationalism in the Soviet UnionVictoria Khiterer
Nationalism in Tsarist EmpireTimothy Snyder
Nationalities Policies, SovietJeremy Smith
Nationalities Policies, TsaristAndreas Kappeler
Nation and NationalityVera Tolz
Navarino, Battle ofJohn C. K. Daly
Nazarbayev, Nursultan AbishevichDavid R. Jones
Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939Derek Watson
Near AbroadChristopher Williams
Nechayev, Sergei GeradievichPhilip Pomper
Nekrasov, Nikolai AlexeyevichJohanna Granville
Nemchinov, Vasily SergeyevichRobert W. Campbell
Nemtsov, Boris IvanovichHugh Phillips
NenetsGail A. Fondahl
NeoclassicismRosalind P. Gray
Nerchinsk, Treaty ofJarmo T. Kotilaine
Neronov, IvanCathy J. Potter
Nesselrode, Karl RobertDavid M. Goldfrank
Net Material ProductMisha V. Belkindas
New Economic PolicyMartin C. Spechler
New-Formation RegimentsW. M. Reger IV
New Political ThinkingArchie Brown
NewspapersMatthew E. Lenoe
New Statute of CommerceRichard Hellie
Nicaragua, Relations withCole Blasier
Nicholas IStephen M. Norris
Nicholas IIPeter Waldron
Nihilism and NihilistsAlfred B. Evans Jr.
Nijinsky, Vaslav FomichvTim Scholl
Nikitin, AfanasyGail Lenhoff
Nikon, PatriarchCathy J. Potter
Nil Sorsky, St.David M. Goldfrank
NogaiRoman K. Kovalev
NomenklaturaAlbert L. Weeks
Normanist ControversyHeidi M. Sherman
North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationAndrew A. Michta
Northern ConvoysMikhail Suprun
Northern FleetJohanna Granville
Northern PeoplesGail A. Fondahl
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Norway, Relations withJarmo T. Kotilaine
Novgorod, Archbishop ofLawrence N. Langer
Novgorod Judicial CharterLawrence N. Langer
Novgorod the GreatJanet Martin
Novikov, Nikolai IvanovichJohanna Granville
Novocherkassk UprisingSamuel H. Baron
Novosibirsk ReportAlfred B. Evans Jr.
Novosiltsev, Nikolai NikolayevichHugh Phillips
Novozhilov, Viktor ValentinovichRobert W. Campbell
Novy MirCatharine Nepomnyashchy
Nystadt, Treaty ofLindsey Hughes
ObrokElvira M. Wilbur
Obruchev, Nikolai NikolayevichOleg R. Airapetov
ObshchinaSteven A. Grant
OccultismMaria Carlson
October 1993 EventsPeter Reddaway
October General Strike of 1905Gerald D. Surh
October ManifestoOleg Budnitskii
October RevolutionAlexander Rabinowitch
Octobrist PartyZhand P. Shakibi
Odoyevsky, Vladimir FyodorovichJohanna Granville
Official NationalityCynthia Hyla Whittaker
Ogarkov, Nikolai VasilevichJacob W. Kipp
OkolnichySergei Bogatyrev
Okudzhava, Bulat ShalovichGerald Smith
Old Believer CommitteeRoy R. Robson
Old BelieversRoy R. Robson
Old StyleAnn E. Robertson
OlegMartin Dimnik
OlgaDavid K. Prestel
OperaAlbrecht Gaub
Operation BarbarossaA. Delano DuGarm
OprichninaSergei Bogatyrev
Ordin-Nashchokin, Afanasy LavrentievichMartha Luby Lahana
Ordzhonikidze, Grigory KonstantinovichNick Baron
Organized CrimeLouise Shelley
OrgburoChristopher Williams
Orlova, Lyubov PetrovnaDenise J. Youngblood
Orlov, Grigory GrigorievichJohn T. Alexander
OrthodoxyEdward E. Roslof
OsetinsBrian Boeck
Osorina, Yulianya UstinovnaNada Boskovska
Ostromir GospelDavid K. Prestel
Ostrovsky, Alexander NikolayevichGary Thurston
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Otrepev, GrigoryChester Dunning
Our Home Is Russia PartyNikolai Petrov
Pacific FleetJohanna Granville
PaganismDavid K. Prestel
Pakistan, Relations withJohanna Granville
Palekh PaintingK. Andrea Rusnock
Pale of SettlementDiana Fisher
Paleologue, SophiaIsolde Thyrêt
Pallas, Peter-SimonAlexander Vucinich
PamyatZoe Knox
PanslavismAbbott Gleason
Paris, Congress and Treaty of 1856David M. Goldfrank
Paris, First and Second Treaties ofMarie-Pierre Rey
Party Congresses and ConferencesRobert V. Daniels
Party of Russian Unity and AccordNikolai Petrov
Passport SystemGolfo Alexopoulos
Pasternak, Boris LeonidovichLarissa Rudova
PatriarchatePaul A. Bushkovitch
Paul IMarie-Pierre Rey
Pavliuchenko, Lyudmila MikhailovnaKazimiera J. Cottam
Pavlova, Anna MatveyevnaTim Scholl
Pavlov, Ivan PetrovichSharon A. Kowalsky
Pavlov, Valentin SergeyevichJohanna Granville
Peasant EconomyStephen K. Wegren
PeasantryRobert E. Johnson
Peasant UprisingsDmitri Glinski
PechenegsRoman K. Kovalev
Peking, Treaty ofSteven I. Levine
Pelevin, Viktor OlegovichEliot Borenstein
People’s Commissariat of NationalitiesRonald Grigor Suny
People’s Control CommitteeAnn E. Robertson
People’s HousesE. Anthony Swift
People’s Party of Free RussiaNikolai Petrov
People’s Will, TheDeborah Pearl
PerestroikaArchie Brown
Permanent RevolutionCarl A. Linden
Perovskaya, Sofia LvovnaOleg Budnitskii
Persian Gulf WarRobert O. Freedman
Pestel, Pavel IvanovichPaul Crego
Peter ILindsey Hughes
Peter IILindsey Hughes
Peter IIILindsey Hughes
Peter and Paul FortressWilliam Craft Brumfield
PetrashevtsyKathryn Weathersby
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Petrov, Grigory SpiridonovichJennifer Hedda
PetrushkaPatricia Arant
Petty TutelageSusan J. Linz
PhotographyErika Wolf
Pimen, PatriarchNathaniel Davis
Pirogov, Nikolai IvanovichAlexander Vucinich
Pisarev, Dmitry IvanovichJohanna Granville
Planners’ PreferencesRichard Ericson
Platon (Levshin)J. Eugene Clay
Platonov, Sergei FyodorovichOleg Budnitskii
Plehve, Vyacheslav KonstantinovichEdward H. Judge
Plekhanov, Georgy ValentinovichSamuel H. Baron
PlenumJulie deGraffenried
Pobedonostsev, KonstantinMichelle DenBeste
Podgorny, Nikolai ViktorovichRoger D. Markwick
PodyachyPeter B. Brown
PodzolVictor L. Mote
Pogodin, Mikhail PetrovichJohanna Granville
PogromsDavid Pretty
Pokrovsky, Mikhail NikolayevichGeorge Enteen
PolandTheodore R. Weeks
Polar ExplorersJohn McCannon
PolesJohanna Granville
Polish Rebellion of 1863Brian Porter
PolitburoGraeme Gill
Political Party SystemThomas F. Remington
Polotsky, SimeonPaul A. Bushkovitch
PolovtsyRoman K. Kovalev
Poltava, Battle ofJarmo T. Kotilaine
PolyaneRoman K. Kovalev
PomestieRichard Hellie
Ponomarev, Boris KharitonovichRoger D. Markwick
Popov, Alexander StepanovichJohanna Granville
Popov, Gavriil KharitonovichErik S. Herron
Popov, Pavel IlichRobert W. Campbell
Popular Front PolicyHarold J. Goldberg
PopulismChristopher Williams
Port Arthur, Siege ofBruce W. Menning
Portsmouth, Treaty ofNikolas Gvosdev
PosadnikLawrence N. Langer
Possessors and Non-PossessorsDavid M. Goldfrank
Postal SystemAlison Rowley
Potemkin, Grigory AlexandrovichJohn T. Alexander
Potemkin MutinyIgor Yeykelis
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Potsdam ConferenceJoseph L. Nogee
Pozharsky, Dmitry MikhailovichMaureen Perrie
PravdaMatthew E. Lenoe
Preobrazhensky GuardsBruce W. Menning
Preobrazhensky, Yevgeny AlexeyevichDon Filtzer
PresidencyErik S. Herron
Presidential CouncilChristopher Williams
Presidium of Supreme SovietRichard Hellie
Primakov, Yevgeny MaximovichRobert V. Daniels
Primary ChronicleDonald Ostrowski
Primary Party OrganizationChristopher Williams
Prime MinisterGerald M. Easter
Primitive Socialist AccumulationJames R. Millar
PrisonsGeorg Wurzer
Prison SongsJulia Ulyannikova
PrivatizationMarie Lavigne
ProcuracyGordon B. Smith
ProdnalogStephen K. Wegren
ProdrazverstkaStephen K. Wegren
Production Sharing AgreementJames R. Millar
Prokofiev, Sergei SergeyevichMatthias Stadelmann
Prokopovich, FeofanGregory L. Freeze
ProletkultLynn Mally
Propp, Vladimir IakovlevichNatalie O. Kononenko
ProstitutionLaurie Bernstein
Protazanov, Yakov AlexandrovicDenise J. Youngblood
ProtestantismPaul D. Steeves
Protopopov, Alexander DmitrievichNicholas V. Riasanovsky
Provisional GovernmentDaniel Orlovsky
Prussia, Relations withHugh Phillips
Pruth River, Campaign and Treaty ofJean K. Berger
Pskov Judicial CharterLawrence N. Langer
Public Opinion StudiesSteven A. Grant
Pugachev, Emelian IvanovichJohn T. Alexander
Pugo, Boris KarlovichJacob W. Kipp
Purges, The GreatGabor T. Rittersporn
Pushkin, Alexander SergeyevichDiana Senechal
Pushkin HouseVanessa Bittner
Putin, Vladimir VladimirovichDale Herspring
Pytatakov, Georgy LeonidovichKate Transchel
Quadruple Alliance and Quintuple AllianceHugh Phillips
Rabbinical CommissionChaeRan Y. Freeze
RabkrinNick Baron
Rachmaninov, Sergei VasilievichAlbert L. Weeks
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Radek, Karl BernardovichWilliam J. Chase
Radishchev, Alexander NikolayevichW. Gareth Jones
Radzinsky, Edvard StanislavichJacob W. Kipp
Raikin, Arkady IsaakovichRobert Weinberg
RailwaysVictor L. Mote
RaionirovanieJames Heinzen
Rapallo, Treaty ofHarold J. Goldberg
Rasputin, Grigory YefimovichJoseph T. Fuhrmann
Rastrelli, BartolomeoWilliam Craft Brumfield
Ratchet EffectSusan J. Linz
Razin RebellionJames G. Hart
RaznochintsyVictoria Khiterer
Redemption PaymentsA. Delano DuGarm
Red GuardsRex A. Wade
Red SquareWilliam Craft Brumfield
Red TerrorVladimir Brovkin
Referendum of April 1993Nikolai Petrov
Referendum of December 1993Gordon B. Smith
Referendum of March 1991Edward W. Walker
RefuseniksJonathan D. Wallace
RegionalismSusan Smith-Peter
Reitern, Mikhail KhristoforovichJacob W. Kipp
ReligionGregory L. Freeze
Repin, Ilya YefimovichLouise McReynolds
Repressed InflationSteven Rosefielde
Revolution of 1905Abraham Ascher
Reykjavik SummitRaymond L. Garthoff
Right OppositionKate Transchel
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai AndreyevichMatthias Stadelmann
Rodzianko, Mikhail VladimirovichJohn M. Thompson
Roerich, Nicholas KonstantinovichJohn McCannon
Romania, Relations withRadu R. Florescu
Romanova, AnastasiaIsolde Thyrêt
Romanova, Anastasia NikolayevnaAnn E. Robertson
Romanov DynastyRussell E. Martin
Romanov, Grigory VasilievichAnn E. Robertson
Romanov, Mikhail FyodorovichRussell E. Martin
RomanticismYuri Tulupenko
RostislavMartin Dimnik
Rostovtsev, Mikhail IvanovichA. Delano DuGarm
Rota SystemJanet Martin
Route to GreeksRoman K. Kovalev
RubleJarmo T. Kotilaine
Ruble ControlPekka Sutela
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Rublev, AndreiA. Dean McKenzie
Ruble ZoneJuliet Johnson
Rumyantsev, Peter AlexandrovichLindsey Hughes
RurikMartin Dimnik
Rurikid DynastyJanet Martin
Russia-Belarus UnionOmer Fisher
Russia CompanyMaria Salomon Arel
Russian Association of Proletarian WritersBrian Kassof
Russian Federal Securities CommissionJames R. Millar
Russian FederationJohanna Granville
Russian Geographical SocietyVictor L. Mote
Russian JusticeDaniel H. Kaiser
Russian National Unity PartyWilliam D. Jackson
Russian Orthodox ChurchGregory L. Freeze
RussiansNancy Ries
Russian Soviet Federated Socialist RepublicJohanna Granville
Russian State LibraryJanice T. Pilch
Russia’s Democratic ChoiceNikolai Petrov
RussificationTheodore R. Weeks
Russo-Japanese WarJohn W. Steinberg
Russo-Persian WarsRobert F. Baumann
Russo-Turkish WarsBruce W. Menning
Rutskoi, Alexander VladimirovichJacob W. Kipp
Rybkin, Ivan PetrovichNikolai Petrov
Rykov, Alexei IvanovichDerek Watson
Ryleyev, Kondraty FyodorovichJohanna Granville
Ryutin, MartemyanJames White
Ryzhkov, Nikolai IvanovichAnn E. Robertson
SaintsGregory L. Freeze
Sakha and YakutsErin K. Crouch
Sakharov, Andrei DmitrievichLisa A. Kirschenbaum
Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mikhail YevgrafovichEmil Draitser
SamiRein Taagepera
SamizdatNickolas Lupinin
Samoilova, Kondordiya NikolayevnaBarbara Evans Clements
SamoupravlenieSusan J. Linz
San Stefano, Treaty ofOleg R. Airapetov
SarmatiansBrian Porter
SartsMichael Rouland
SberbankJuliet Johnson
Science and Technology PolicyPaul R. Josephson
Science FictionYvonne Helen Howell
Scientific SocialismMichael Ellman
Scissors CrisisRobert C. Stuart
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ScythiansRoman K. Kovalev
Second EconomyMichael Alexeev
Second SecretaryAlbert L. Weeks
SecretariatNorma C. Noonan
SectarianismJ. Eugene Clay
Security CouncilPeter Rutland
Serapion BrothersElizabeth Jones Hemenway
Serbia, Relations withRichard Frucht
SerednyakiMartin C. Spechler
SerfdomRichard Hellie
Sergei, PatriarchEdward E. Roslof
Sergius, St.David B. Miller
Service StateRichard Hellie
SevastopolJacob W. Kipp
Seven-Year PlanMartin C. Spechler
Seven Years’ WarStephen M. Norris
Shahumian, Stepan GeorgievichRonald Grigor Suny
Shakhrai, Sergei MikhailovichAnn E. Robertson
Shakhty TrialPeter H. Solomon Jr.
ShamilMichael Rouland
Shaposhnikov, Boris MikhailovichBruce W. Menning
Shatalin, Stanislav SergeyevichDmitri Glinski
Shcharansky, Anatoly NikolayevichJohanna Granville
Shchepkin, Mikhail SemeonovichLouise McReynolds
Shcherbatov, Mikhail MikhailovichJohanna Granville
Shevardnadze, Eduard AmvrosievichMelvin Goodman
Shevchenko, Taras GregorevichSerhy Yekelchyk
Shlyapnikov, Alexander GavrilovichBarbara Allen
Shock TherapyStefan Hedlund
ShockworkersLewis H. Siegelbaum
Sholokhov, Mikhail AlexandrovichKarl E. Loewenstein
Short CourseDavid Brandenberger
Shostakovich, Dmitri DmitrievichMatthias Stadelmann
Show TrialsPaul M. Hagenloh
Shuisky, Vasily IvanovichChester S. L. Dunning
Shumeiko, Vladimir FilippovichAnn E. Robertson
SiberiaVictor L. Mote
Sikorsky, Igor IvanovichJohanna Granville
Silver AgeJohn E. Bowlt
SimeonMartin Dimnik
Simonov, Konstantin MikhailovichKarl E. Loewenstein
Simonov MonasteryNickolas Lupinin
SinodikLudwig Steindorff
Sinope, Battle ofJohn C. K. Daly
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Sinyavsky-Daniel TrialJonathan D. Wallace
SkazElizabeth Jones Hemenway
Skobelev, Mikhail DmitriyevichDaniel Brower
Skrypnyk, Mykola OleksyovychSerhy Yekelchyk
SlaveryRichard Hellie
Slavo-Greco-Latin AcademyNikolaos A. Chrissidis
SlavophilesChristopher Williams
Slutsky, Boris AbromovichGerald Smith
Slutsky, Yevgeny YevgenievichVincent Barnett
Smolensk ArchiveChristopher Williams
Smolensk WarBrian Davies
Smolny InstituteAnna Kuxhausen
SmychkaCarol GayleWilliam Moskoff
Sobchak, Anatoly AlexandrovichPeter Rutland
Social Democratic Workers PartyRobert C. Williams
SocialismAbraham Ascher
Socialism in One CountryDerek Watson
Socialist RealismCynthia A. Ruder
Socialist RevolutionariesMichael Melancon
Sokolovsky, Vasily DanilovichMichael Parrish
Solidarity MovementElizabeth Teague
Soloviev, Vladimir SergeyevichGreg Gaut
Solovki MonasteryJennifer B. Spock
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander IsayevichBrian Kassof
SophiaLindsey Hughes
Sorge, RichardMichael Parrish
SorokoustLudwig Steindorff
Soskovets, Oleg NikolayevichPeter Reddaway
SoslovieGregory L. Freeze
Soul TaxMartin C. Spechler
SovietDavid Pretty
Soviet-Finnish WarRichard H. Bidlack
Soviet-German Trade Agreement of 1939Edward E. Ericson III
Soviet ManAlfred B. Evans Jr.
Soviet-Polish WarTimothy Snyder
SovkhozRobert C. Stuart
SovnarkhozyDerek Watson
SovnarkomDerek Watson
Soyuz FactionPeter Rutland
Space ProgramJohn M. Logsdon
Spanish Civil WarMary R. Habeck
Special Purpose ForcesMark Galeotti
Speransky, Mikhail MikhailovichAlbert L. Weeks
Spiridonova, Maria AlexandrovnaSally A. Boniece
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Spiritual EldersRobert L. Nichols
Sports PolicyVictor Rosenberg
SputnikPaul R. Josephson
Stakhanovite MovementLewis H. Siegelbaum
Stalingrad, Battle ofDavid M. Glantz
Stalin, Josef VissarionovichGraeme Gill
Stanislavsky, Konstantin SergeyevichSharon Marie Carnicke
Starovoitova, Galina VasilievnaPaul J. Kubicek
Stasova, Yelena DmitrievnaBarbara Evans Clements
Stasov, Vladimir VasilievichElizabeth K. Valkenier
State CapitalismSteven Rosefielde
State CommitteesDerek Watson
State CouncilZhand P. Shakibi
State Defense CommitteeRoger R. Reese
State Enterprise, Law of theMartin C. Spechler
State OrdersPaul R. Gregory
State PrincipleMikhail M. Krom
State Security, Organs ofStuart Finkel
Statute of Grand Prince VladimirDaniel H. Kaiser
Statute of Grand Prince YaroslavDaniel H. Kaiser
StavkaBruce W. Menning
Stefan Yavorsky, MetropolitanJ. Eugene Clay
Stenka RazinElena Pavlova
Stepashin, Sergei VadimovichJacob W. Kipp
SteppeVictor L. Mote
StiliagiLarissa Rudova
Stock ExchangesJames R. Millar
Stolbovo, Treaty ofNikolas Gvosdev
StolnikDavid M. Goldfrank
Stolypin, Peter ArkadievichFrancis W. Wcislo
St. PetersburgAnn E. RobertsonBlair A. Ruble
Strategic Arms Limitation TreatiesMatthew O’Gara
Strategic Arms Reduction TalksMatthew O’Gara
Strategic Defense InitiativeJohanna Granville
Stravinsky, Igor FyodorovichTim Scholl
StreltsyW. M. Reger IV
StroibankJuliet Johnson
Strumilin, Stanislav GustavovichJulia Obertreis
Struve, Peter BernardovichCarl A. Linden
StukachAlbert L. Weeks
Stürmer, Boris VladimirovichSamuel A. Oppenheim
SubbotnikSteven Rosefielde
Subway SystemsAndrew Jenks
Succession, Law onLindsey Hughes
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Succession of Leadership, SovietNorma C. Noonan
Sudebnik of 1497George G. Weickhardt
Sudebnik of 1550George G. Weickhardt
Sudebnik of 1589Richard Hellie
Sukonnaya SotnyaJarmo T. Kotilaine
Sultan-Galiev, Mirza KhaidargalievichDaniel E. Schafer
Sumarokov, Alexander PetrovichMarcus C. Levitt
Supreme SovietAlbert L. Weeks
Suslov, Mikhail AndreyevichElaine MacKinnon
Suvorin, Alexei SergeyevichCharles A. Ruud
Suvorov, Alexander VasilievichBruce W. Menning
SvansB. George Hewitt
Svechin, Alexander AndreyevichJames J. Schneider
Svyatopolk IMartin Dimnik
Svyatopolk IIMartin Dimnik
Svyatoslav IMartin Dimnik
Svyatoslav IIMartin Dimnik
Sweden, Relations withJarmo T. Kotilaine
Syn BoyarskyBrian Davies
Sytin, Ivan DmitrievichCharles A. Ruud
Table of RanksLindsey Hughes
TagankaMaia Kipp
Tajikistan and TajiksRoger Kangas
Tale of Avraamy PalitsynBrian Boeck
Tannenberg, Battle ofDennis Showalter
Tarkovsky, Andrei ArsenievichNick Baron
TashkentRoger Kangas
TASSMatthew E. Lenoe
Tatarstan and TatarsDaniel E. Schafer
TaxesMartin C. Spechler
Tax, TurnoverMartin C. Spechler
Tchaikovsky, Peter IlyichTim Scholl
TechpromfinplanSusan J. Linz
Teheran ConferenceJoseph L. Nogee
Teleological PlanningRobert C. Stuart
Television and RadioLucie Hribal
Temporary RegulationsAbraham Ascher
TeremLindsey Hughes
Ter-Petrossian, LevonGerard J. Libaridian
Territorial-Administrative UnitsEdward W. Walker
TerrorismAnna Geifman
Thaw, TheSusan Costanzo
TheaterSusan Costanzo
Theophanes the GreekA. Dean McKenzie
L I S T O F A R T I C L E S
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Thick JournalsPeter Rollberg
Thin JournalsLouise McReynolds
Third RomeDavid M. Goldfrank
Thirteen Years’ WarW. M. Reger IV
Three Emperors’ LeagueJean K. Berger
Three-Field SystemDaniel Field
TiflisRonald Grigor Suny
Tikhon, PatriarchEdward E. Roslof
Tilsit, Treaty ofDavid Wetzel
Time of TroublesChester Dunning
Tithe Church, KievWilliam Craft Brumfield
Tkachev, Petr NikitichAlbert L. Weeks
Togan, Ahmed Zeki ValidovDaniel E. Schafer
Tolstaya, Tatiana NikitichnaHarold D. Baker
Tolstoy, Alexei KonstantinovichElizabeth Jones Hemenway
Tolstoy, Leo NikolayevichMichael A. Denner
Tomsky, Mikhail PavlovichAlison Rowley
TorkyRoman K. Kovalev
TotalitarianismAbbott Gleason
TourismShawn Solomon
Trade RoutesVictor L. Mote
Trade Statutes of 1653 and 1667Jarmo T. Kotilaine
Trade UnionsCarol Clark
Transcaucasian FederationsStephen Jones
Trans-Dniester RepublicJohn Gledhill
Transition EconomiesMarie Lavigne
Trans-Siberian RailwayVictor L. Mote
Triandafillov, Viktor KiriakovichJames J. Schneider
Trinity St. Sergius MonasteryDavid B. Miller
Trotsky, Leon DavidovichRobert V. Daniels
Trusts, SovietJames R. Millar
Tsarskoye SeloAnna PetrovaIlya Vinkovetsky
Tsar, TsarinaAnn E. Robertson
Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin EduardovichAlbert L. Weeks
Tsushima, Battle ofNorman E. Saul
Tsvetaeva, Marina IvanovnaDiana Senechal
Tugan-Baranovsky, Mikhail IvanovichVincent Barnett
Tukhachevsky, Mikhail NikolayevichSally W. Stoecker
Tupolev, Andrei NikolayevichSally W. Stoecker
Turgenev, Ivan SergeyevichMichael A. Denner
TurkestanSeymour Becker
Turkey, Relations withRobert O. Freedman
Turkmenistan and TurkmenRoger Kangas
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Tur, YevgeniaJehanne M. Gheith
Tuva and TuviniansJohanna Granville
Twenty-Five ThousandersKate Transchel
Tyutchev, Fyodor IvanovichNicholas V. Riasanovsky
U-2 Spy Plane IncidentWilliam Taubman
UdmurtsRein Taagepera
UezdNick Baron
Ugra River, Battle ofMikhail M. Krom
UkazLindsey Hughes
Ukraine and UkrainiansSerhy Yekelchyk
Uniate ChurchSerhy Yekelchyk
Union of Right ForcesNikolai Petrov
Union of Sovereign StatesAnn E. Robertson
Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsArchie Brown
Union of Soviet WritersBrian Kassof
Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of LaborReginald E. Zelnik
Union TreatyRoman Solchanyk
United NationsHarold J. Goldberg
United OppositionKate Transchel
United States, Relations withNorman E. Saul
Unity (Medved) PartyPeter Rutland
UniversitiesAlexander Vucinich
Unkiar Skelessi, Treaty ofNikolas Gvosdev
Ushakov, Simon FyodorovichA. Dean McKenzie
Ustinov, Dmitry FedorovichJacob W. Kipp
Uvarov, Sergei SemenovichCynthia Hyla Whittaker
Uzbekistan and UzbeksRoger Kangas
Value SubtractionSusan J. Linz
Varennikov, Valentin IvanovichJacob W. Kipp
Varga, Eugene SamuilovichRobert W. Campbell
Vasilevsky, Alexander MikhailovichJohanna Granville
Vavilov, Nikolai IvanovichYvonne Howell
VecheMichael C. Paul
VekhiGary Thurston
Verbitskaya, Anastasia AlexeyevnaCharlotte Rosenthal
Vienna, Congress ofDavid M. Goldfrank
Vietnam, Relations withStephen J. Morris
VikingsHeidi M. Sherman
VilniusAlfred Erich Senn
Virgin Lands ProgramD. Gale Johnson
Virtual EconomySusan J. Linz
Vladimir MonomakhMartin Dimnik
Vladimir, St.Francis Butler
Vlasov MovementCatherine Andreyev
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VodkaKate Transchel
Volkogonov, Dmitry AntonovichBruce W. Menning
Volsky, Arkady IvanovichEric Lohr
Vorontsov, Mikhail SemenovichAnthony Rhinelander
Vorontsov-Dashkov, Illarion IvanovichRonald Grigor Suny
Voroshilov, Kliment EfremovichBruce W. Menning
VotchinaMikhail M. Krom
VoyevodaBrian Davies
Voznesensky, Nikolai AlexeyevichMark Harrison
Vsevolod IMartin Dimnik
Vsevolod IIIMartin Dimnik
Vyborg ManifestoOleg Budnitskii
Vyshinsky, Andrei YanuarievichPeter H. Solomon Jr.
Vyshnegradsky, Ivan AlexeyevichBoris N. Mironov
Vysotsky, Vladimir SemyonovichGerald Smith
Wages, SovietLewis H. Siegelbaum
War CommunismMark Harrison
War EconomyMark Harrison
War of the Third CoalitionNorman E. Saul
Warsaw Treaty OrganizationAndrew A. Michta
WesternizersBoris N. Mironov
What Is to Be Done?David K. McQuilkin
White ArmyMary R. Habeck
White Sea CanalCynthia A. Ruder
Winius, Andries DionyszoonJarmo T. Kotilaine
Winter PalaceWilliam Craft Brumfield
WitchcraftRoman K. Kovalev
Witte, Sergei YulievichBoris N. Mironov
Women of Russia BlocNikolai Petrov
WorkersReginald E. Zelnik
Workers’ ControlJohn M. Thompson
Workers’ OppositionBarbara Allen
World RevolutionWilliam J. Chase
World War IDavid R. Jones
World War IIMark Harrison
Wrangel, Peter NikolayevichJonathan D. Smele
YablokoPeter Rutland
Yagoda, Genrikh GrigorevichMichael Parrish
Yakovlev, Alexander NikolayevichJonathan Harris
Yalta ConferenceJoseph L. Nogee
Yanayev, Gennady IvanovichAnn E. Robertson
YarlykDonald Ostrowski
Yaropolk IMartin Dimnik
Yaroslav VladimirovichMartin Dimnik
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Yaroslav VsevolodovichMartin Dimnik
Yaroslav YaroslavichMartin Dimnik
Yavlinsky, Grigory AlexeyevichPeter Rutland
Yazov, Dmitry TimofeyevichJacob W. Kipp
Yeltsin, Boris NikolayevichAnn E. Robertson
Yermak TimofeyevichMaureen Perrie
Yesenin, Sergei AlexandrovichBrian Kassof
Yevtushenko, Yevgeny AlexandrovichGerald Smith
Yezhov, Nikolai IvanovichMarc Jansen
Yudenich, Nikolai NikolayevichJonathan D. Smele
Yugoslavia, Relations withRichard Frucht
Yuri DanilovichMartin Dimnik
Yuri VladimirovichMartin Dimnik
Yuri VsevolodovichMartin Dimnik
ZadonshchinaNorman W. Ingham
ZagotovkaRobert C. Stuart
Zaslavskaya, Tatiana IvanovnaChristopher Williams
Zasulich, Vera IvanovnaMichael Ellman
Zealots of PietyCathy J. Potter
ZemstvoOleg Budnitskii
Zero-OptionMatthew O’Gara
Zhdanov, Andrei AlexandrovichWerner G. Hahn
Zhelyabov, Andrei IvanovichOleg Budnitskii
ZhenotdelElizabeth A. Wood
ZhensovetyMary Buckley
Zhirinovsky, Vladimir VolfovichJacob W. Kipp
Zhordania, Noe NikolayevichRonald Grigor Suny
Zhukov, Georgy KonstantinovichDavid Glantz
Zhukovsky, Nikolai YegorovichAlbert L. Weeks
Zinoviev, Grigory YevseyevichNick Baron
Zinoviev LetterNick Baron
Zubatov, Sergei VasilievichJonathan W. Daly
Zyuganov, Gennady AndreyevichLuke March
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