68180091 reservoir engineering

7/23/2019 68180091 Reservoir Engineering

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GEOPET MASTER PROGRAMGEOPET MASTER PROGRAM

PETROLEUM ENGINEERINGPETROLEUM ENGINEERING

RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

01/04/16 1Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



OutlineOutline

#ey Conce$t% in e%er'oir Engineering

Fun(amental% of )il & Ga% e%er'oir%

*naly%i% Met+o(% in e%er'oir Engineering

01/04/16 ,Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



Part IPart I

01/04/16 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Key Concepts in

Reservoir Engineering



Defnition o ReservoirDefnition o Reservoir


.n $etroleum in(u%try re%er'oir flui(% i% a miture of+y(rocaron% 2oil an(/or ga%3 ater an( ot+er non-+y(rocaroncom$oun(% 2%uc+ a% ,5 C), , 7773



Defnition o EngineeringDefnition o Engineering

Engineering i% t+e (i%ci$line or $rofe%%ion of

a$$lying nece%%ary 8nole(ge an(

utili9ing $+y%ical re%ource% in or(er to(e%ign an( im$lement %y%tem% an(

$roce%%e% t+at reali9e a (e%ire( o:ecti'e

an( meet %$ecifie( criteria7

01/04/16 ;Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"




Engineering i% t+e (i%ci$line an( $rofe%%ion

of a$$lying nece%%ary 8nole(ge an(







Necessary no!le"geNecessary no!le"ge

Knowledge about oil & gas reservoirs

Reservoir Rock roperties & !e"avior

during t"e roduction rocess Reservoir #luid roperties & !e"avior

during t"e roduction rocess

#luid #lows in Reservoirs

01/04/16 <Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



Necessary no!le"geNecessary no!le"ge

#cont$"%#cont$"% $ec"nical & Scienti%ic Knowledge

uantitative 'et"ods %or Reservoir

C"aracteri(ation

uantitative 'et"ods %or Reservoir

Evaluation

01/04/16 =Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"









01/04/16 >Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



Design an"Design an"

I'(le'entationI'(le'entation -esign and I+ple+ent an Oil #ield

-evelop+ent lan

Plan for $ro(ucing oil & ga% from t+e re%er'oir%

in t+e fiel(? E$loit re%er'oir energy %ource%@

Ae%ign a$$ro$reate ell $attern%@ 5elect

%uitale %u%urface & %urface facilitie% 777

(uring t+e lifecycle of t+e oil fiel(

01/04/16 1,Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



Desire" O)*ectiveDesire" O)*ective

$o 'a.i+i(e t"e pro%it resulted%ro+ t"e recovered oil & gas

$o recover as +uc" as possible oil &

gas %ro+ t"e reservoirs

$o recover "ig")/uality oil & gas










01/04/16 1;Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



S(ecife" +riteriaS(ecife" +riteria

'oney associated wit" "ired

+anpower0 %acilities0 tec"nologies0 111

$i+e

2ocal regulations




Oil ,iel"s an" T&eirOil ,iel"s an" T&eir

LiecycleLiecycle

01/04/16 1<Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



Oil ,iel"s an" T&eirOil ,iel"s an" T&eir

LiecycleLiecycle * lifecycle of an oil fiel( con%i%t% of t+e

folloing %tage%?

E$loration

*$$rai%al

Ae'elo$ment

Pro(uction

*an(onment

01/04/16 1=Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



Revenue T&roug&outRevenue T&roug&out

Lie+ycleLie+ycle

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Part IIPart II

01/04/16 ,0Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

!asic roperties and

!e"aviors o%

Oil & Gas Reservoirs



3sed to visuali(e t"e %luids production

pat" %ro+ t"e reservoir to t"e sur%ace

3sed to classi%y reservoir %luids

3sed to develop di%%erent strategies to

produce oil4gas %ro+ reservoir

Pressure vs. Te'(eraturePressure vs. Te'(erature

Diagra'sDiagra's

01/04/16 ,,Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



P&ase Diagra'sP&ase Diagra's

! 0 0

Single

Liquid

Phase

Region

CriticalPoint

P r e s s u r e , p s i a

B u b b

l e p o

i n t %

i n e

2nitial-eservoir

State

D e w p o i n t l i

n e

9 0 8 0

9 0 7 0

6 0 5 0

# 0

! 0

5

$ %i&ui'

(e)perature, *+

0

Cricondent"er+


Separator

Cricondenbar

Single

Gas

Phase

Region

(wo3Phase

-e.ion



-lac/ Oil-lac/ Oil

Black Oil

CriticalPoint

P r e s s u r e ,

p s i a

B u b b

l e p o i n t

% i n

e

Separator

Pressure pathin reservoir

Dewpoint line

9 0 8 0

9 0 7 0

6 0 5 0

0

! 0

" 0

# 0

$ %i&ui'

(e)perature, *+




0olatile1Oil0olatile1Oil

P r e s s u

r e

(e)perature, *+

Separator

$ %i&ui'

B u b b l

e p o i n t l i n

e

D e w p o i n

t l i n e

Dewpoint line

olatile oil


#

!

5

! 0

"

" 0

# 0

0

5 0

6 0

7 0 8 0 9 0

Criticalpoint

01/04/16 ,;Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



Retrogra"e GasRetrogra"e Gas

"

" 0

# 0

! 5

! 0

0

Separator

$ %i&ui'

Pressure path

in r eservoir !

#-etro.ra'e .as

Critical point

B u b b l

e p o i n t

l i n e

D e w

p o i n t l i n

e

5

0

P r e s s u r

e

(e)perature




2et Gas2et Gas

P r e s s u r e

(e)perature

$ %i&ui'

#

!


/et .as

Criticalpoint

B u

b b l e

p o i n

t

l i n e

Separator !

5 #

5 " 0

D e w p

o i n t l i n

e

01/04/16 ,<Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



Dry GasDry Gas

P r e s s u

r e

(e)perature

$ %i&ui'

#

!


Dr .as

Separator # 5

D e w p o i n t

l i n e

! 5 0

01/04/16 ,=Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



E3ercise 4E3ercise 4

Ba%e( on t+e $+a%e (iagram% of 'olatile oil

an( retrogra(e ga% (e%crie %ome

c+aracteri%tic $ro$ertie% of t+e%e to

re%er'oir flui(%

ame %ome a$$lication% of $+a%e (iagram%

in %electing %urface facilitie%

01/04/16 ,>Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

- i P ti N t l- i P ti N t l



-asic Pro(erties o Natural-asic Pro(erties o Natural

GasGas


Euation-of-5tate 2E)53

*$$arent Molecular Deig+t of Ga% Miture

Aen%ity of Ga% Miture Ga% 5$ecific Gra'ity

-factor 2Ga% Com$re%%iility or Ga% Ae'iation

Factor3



Gas E5uation1O1StateGas E5uation1O1State

#EOS%#EOS%


pV nZRT =E5uation o State6

7uantit

y

Descri(tion Unit80alue

( Pressure psia

0 Volume ft3

n Mole Number lb-mol

9 Gas Devation

Factor

dimensionless

T Temperature Rankine

R Universal Gas !"#3



A((arent Molecular 2eig&tA((arent Molecular 2eig&t

o a Gas Mi3tureo a Gas Mi3ture


ormally $etroleum ga% i% a miture of 'ariou%lig+t +y(rocaron 2C1-C437 For eam$le?

Com$onent Mole PercentMolecularDeig+t

2l/l-mol3

Critical Critical

Pre%%ure "em$erature

2$%ia3 2o3

213 2,3 23 243

C1 07=; 16704 66674 4700

C, 0704 070<0 <067; ;4>7;>

C 0706 4470>< 61670 66;7<

iC4 070 ;=71, ;,<7> <471nC4 070, ;=71, ;;076 <6;7,>

1

20.39 N

a i i

i

M y M =

= =∑



Density o Gas Mi3tureDensity o Gas Mi3ture

01/04/16 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Ga% (en%ity i% calculate( from t+e (efinition of(en%ity an( t+e E)5

3 pM= = (lb/ft )

g a a g

g

m nM p

V nZRT ZRT ρ =



Gas S(ecifc GravityGas S(ecifc Gravity


"+e %$ecific gra'ity i% (efine( a% t+e ratio of t+ega% (en%ity to t+at of t+e air

M= =

28.96

g a a g

air air

M

M

ρ γ

ρ =

G D i i , #9



Gas Deviation ,actor #91Gas Deviation ,actor #91

actor%actor%


-factor in t+e E)5 account% for t+e (ifference int+e e+a'ior of natural ga%e% in com$are( it+ i(ealga%e%7

; pr pr

pc pc

p T p T

p T = =

-factor can e e$re%%e( a%? 2$$r"$r3 +ere

; pc i ci pc i ci

i i

p y p T y T = =∑ ∑

$$r? $%eu(o-re(uce( $re%%ure

"$r? $%eu(o-re(uce( tem$erature

$$c? $%eu(o-critical $re%%ure

"$c? $%eu(o-critical tem$erature



Stan"ing1at: +&artStan"ing1at: +&art


5te$ 1? Calculate $%eu(o-critical$re%%ure an( tem$erature

5te$ ,? Calculate $%eu(o-re(uce($re%%ure an( tem$erature?

5te$ ? !%e 5tan(ing%-#at9 c+artto (etermine

; pr pr

pc pc

p T p T

p T = =

; pc i ci pc i ci

i i

p y p T y T = =∑ ∑



Dranc&u/ ; A)ou1Dranc&u/ ; A)ou1

asse' +orrelationasse' +orrelation


7210.0;6134.0

1056.0;1844.0;7361.0

5475.0;05165.0;01569.0

5339.0;0700.1;3265.0

1110

987

654

321

====−=

=−== −=−==

A A

A A A

A A A

A A A

2 5 2 2 221 3 4 5 11 11

3 4 5

1 1 2 3 4 5

2

23 6 7 8

2

4 9 7 8

3

5 10

(1 )exp( ) 1 0

0.27 / ( )

/ / / /

0.27 /

/ /

( / / )

/

Z r r r r r r

r

r pr pr

pr pr pr pr

pr pr

pr pr

pr pr

pr

R F R R R R A A

p ZT

R A A T A T A T A T

R p T

R A A T A T

R A A T A T

R A T

ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ

ρ

= − + − + + − + =

=

= + + + +

=

= + += +

=



E3erciseE3ercise

Co)ponent i 4i (ci,*- pci

CO2 0.02 44.01 547.91 1071

N2 0.01 28.01 227.49 493.1

C1 0.85 16.04 343.33 666.4

C2 0.04 30.1 549.92 706.5

C3 0.03 44.1 666.06 616.4

i - C4 0.03 58.1 734.46 527.9

n - C4 0.02 58.1 765.62 550.6


2ic&ert A:i: +orrection2ic&ert A:i: +orrection



2ic&ert1A:i: +orrection2ic&ert1A:i: +orrection

Met&o"Met&o"

R , oε −= pc pc T T

2 2

, psia(1 )

pc pc

pc

pc H S H S

p T p

T y y ε

=+ −

Correcte( $%eu(o-critical tem$erature?

Correcte( $%eu(o-critical $re%%ure?

( ) ( )( ) ( )2 2 2 2 2 2

0.9 1.60.5 4.0120 15 , H S CO H S CO H S H S y y y y y yε = + − + + −

P%eu(o-critical tem$erature a(:u%tment factor




E3erciseE3ercise

Co+ponent 'ole %raction

C1 07<6

C, 070<C), 071

,5 070<

Gi'en t+e folloing real ga% com$o%ition

Aetermine t+e (en%ity of t+e ga% miture at 1000$%ia an( 110 °F u%ing Ditc+ert-*9i9 correctionmet+o(7




Sutton +orrection Met&o"Sutton +orrection Met&o"

20.5

o

o

1 2, R/psia

3 3

, R/psiai

i

c ci i

i ic ci i

c

i

i c

T T J y y

p p

T K y

p

= + ÷ ÷

=

∑ ∑

∑

5te$1? Calculate t+e $arameter% an( #?

[ ]32

22

25.0

777

7

77

77

3751.278156.43129.0

434.64004.141325.16081.0

3

2

3

1

+++

+

++

++

+−

=

+−+=

+

=

C C C

C c

c K

C J C J J J J

C c

c

C c

c J

y y y p

T

y F y F F F

p

T y

p

T y F

ε

ε

5te$ ,? Calculate t+e a(:u%tment $arameter%?




Sutton +orrection Met&o"Sutton +orrection Met&o"

#cont.%#cont.%

K

J

K K

J J

ε

ε

−=

−=5te$ ? *(u%t t+e $arameter% an( #

J T p

J

K T

pc pc

pc

=

=2

5te$ 4? Calculate t+e a(:u%te( $%eu(o-criticalterm%




Pseu"o Pro(erties o Gas



Pro(erties o +ru"e OilPro(erties o +ru"e Oil


Oil density and gravity Gas solubility

!ubble)point pressure

Oil %or+ation volu+e %actor

Isot"er+al co+pressibility coe%%icient o%

undersaturated crude oils

Oil viscosity

"+e%e flui( $ro$ertie% are u%ually (etermine( y laoratorye$eriment%7 D+en %uc+ e$eriment% are not a'ailaleem$irical correlation% are u%e(



+ru"e Oil Gravity+ru"e Oil Gravity


"+e %$ecific gra'ity of a cru(e oil i% (efine( a% t+eratio of t+e (en%ity of t+e oil to t+at of ater7

o*P. i% u%ually u%e( to re$ren%ent t+e gra'ity oft+e cru(e oil a% follo

3; 62.4 (lb/ft )oo w

w

ρ γ ρ

ρ = =

141.5 131.5o

o

API γ =

"+e *P. gra'ity of cru(e oil%

u%ually range% from 4<H *P. fort+e lig+ter cru(e oil% to 10H *P.for t+e +ea'ier cru(e oil%7



-lac/ Oil Mo"el-lac/ Oil Mo"el


+&aracteristics o+&aracteristics o



+&aracteristics o+&aracteristics o

Reservoir Roc/sReservoir Roc/s


orosity

er+eability

In)situ Saturation



porebul ma!ri"

bul bul

V V V

V V φ −

= =

PorosityPorosity




PorosityPorosity

Poro%ity (e$en(% on grain $ac8ing )" grain %i9eoc8% it+ (ifferent grain %i9e% can +a'e t+e

%ame $oro%ity

• -ho)bohe'ral packin.• Pore space #6 $ o total volu)e

• Cubic packin.• Pore space 7 $ o total volu)e

01/04/16 ;0Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



Roc/ Matri3 an" PoreRoc/ Matri3 an" Pore

S(aceS(ace

Rock matrix Pore sace




Pore1S(ace +lassifcationPore1S(ace +lassifcation

$otal porosity

E%%ective porosity

!otal "o#e $pa%e

&'l( )ol'*e

pore

!

bul

V

V

φ = =

+,te#%o,,e%te- "o#e $pa%e

&'l( )ol'*eeφ =

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Permeaility i% a $ro$erty of t+e

$orou% me(ium an( i% a mea%ure of

t+e ca$acity of t+e me(ium to

tran%mit flui(%

Per'ea)ilityPer'ea)ility




D+en t+e me(ium i% com$letely

%aturate( it+ one flui( t+en t+e

$ermeaility mea%urement i% often

referre( to a% specific or absolute

permeability

A)solute Per'ea)ilityA)solute Per'ea)ility




Effecti'e $ermeaility i% a mea%ure

of t+e flui( con(uctance ca$acity of

a $orou% me(ium to a $articular

flui( +en t+e me(ium i% %aturate(

it+ more t+an one flui(

E<ective Per'ea)ilityE<ective Per'ea)ility

01/04/16 ;;Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



Relative permeability i% (efine( a% t+e

ratio of t+e effecti'e $ermeaility to a

flui( at a gi'en %aturation to t+e

effecti'e $ermeaility to t+at flui( at

100I %aturation

Relative Per'ea)ilityRelative Per'ea)ility




)il

Dater

Ga%

kkk eo

ro

kkk ew

rw =

k

kk

e.r. =

+alculating Relative+alculating Relative

Per'ea)ilitiesPer'ea)ilities

01/04/16 ;<Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



Darcy$sDarcy$s

La!La!'? Jelocity

? Flo rate

*? Cro%%-%ection area8? Permeaility

µ? Ji%co%ity

∆L? Lengt+ increment

∆$? Pre%%ure (ro$

&

Direction o low

01/04/16 ;=Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

,lui",lui"



,lui",lui"

SaturationSaturation

Flui( %aturation i% (efine( a% t+e fraction of$ore 'olume occu$ie( y a gi'en flui(

P+a%e %aturation%

54 ater %aturation

5o oil %aturation5g ga% %aturation

01/04/16 ;>Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"



In1Situ SaturationIn1Situ Saturation

Rock matrix !ater Oi" an#$or %as




E3erciseE3ercise

==

17 Pore 'olume occu$$ie( y ater

,7 Pore 'olume occu$ie( y +y(rocaron


Gi'en t+e folloing re%er'oir (ata?

Bul8 Jolume Vb

Poro%ityφ

Dater %aturation Sw

Calculate5

Reservoir DriveReservoir Drive



Reservoir DriveReservoir Drive

Mec&anis'sMec&anis's 5olution Ga% Ari'e

Ga% Ca$ Ari'e

Dater Ari'e

Gra'ity (rainage (ri'e

Comination (ri'e


Reservoir EnergyReservoir Energy



Reservoir EnergyReservoir Energy

SourcesSources Lieration e$an%ion of %olution ga%

.nflu of auifer ater

E$an%ion of re%er'oir roc8

E$an%ion of original re%er'oir flui(%

Free ga%

Conate ater

)il

Gra'itational force%

Solution1Gas Drive in OilSolution1Gas Drive in Oil



Solution Gas Drive in OilSolution Gas Drive in Oil

ReservoirsReservoirs

Oil

,1 Original Condition

!1 678 -epleted

Oilproducing

wells

Oilproducing

wells 2 i b

e r a t

e d

s o l u t

i o n

g a s


Solution1Gas Drive in OilSolution1Gas Drive in Oil



Solution Gas Drive in OilSolution Gas Drive in Oil

ReservoirsReservoirs,or'ation o a Secon"ary Gas +a(,or'ation o a Secon"ary Gas +a(

9ellbore

G a s +

o v e s

u p s t r u

c t u r e

2 i b e r a t e d

s o l u t

i o n

g a s

Secondarygas cap


Reservoir -e&aviorReservoir -e&avior



!ubblepoint

pressure

Initial reservoir

pressure

7 6 :7:6Oil recovery0 8 o% OOI

R e s

e r v o i r p r e s

s u r e 0 p s i g

Reservoir -e&aviorReservoir -e&avior

+&aracteristics+&aracteristics


Gas1+a( Drive in OilGas1+a( Drive in Oil



Oil producing well

Oil(one

Oil(oneGas cap

Gas1+a( Drive in OilGas1+a( Drive in Oil



2ater Drive in Oil2ater Drive in Oil



Oil producing well

9ater 9ater

Cross Section

Oil ;one



E"ge!ater DriveE"ge!ater Drive





Oil producing well

Cross Section

Oil ;one

9ater


ReservoirsReservoirs -otto'!ater Drive-otto'!ater Drive




Gravity Drainage Drive in OilGravity Drainage Drive in Oil


Oil

Oil

Oil

oint ,

oint !

oint C

Gas

Gas

Gas

01/04/16 <0Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

+o')ination Drive in Oil+o')ination Drive in Oil



+o')ination Drive in Oil


9ater

Cross Section

Oil (one

Gas cap


Pressure an" Gas8Oil RatioPressure an" Gas8Oil Ratio



Pressure an" Gas8Oil RatioPressure an" Gas8Oil Ratio

Tren"sTren"s

7 <7 =7 >7 ?7 :77

:77

?7

>7

=7

<7

7

Gas)cap drive

9ater drive

Solution )gas drive

R

e s e r v o i r p r e s s u r e 0

e r c e n t o % o r

i g i n a l

Cu+ulative oil produced0 percent o% original oil in place

01/04/16 <,Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

E i >E3ercise >



E3ercise >E3ercise >

17 o can e i(entify (ifferent re%er'oir (ri'e

mec+ani%m%K

,7 an8 in (e%cen(ing or(er ty$ical re%er'oir (ri'e

mec+ani%m% in term% of efficiency

7 o (oe% 8nole(ge aout re%er'oir (ri'e

mec+ani%m% +el$ u% in (e%igning an oil fiel(

(e'elo$ment $lanK


E 4E 4



E3a' 4E3a' 4

17 Ba%e( on t+e $+a%e (iagram% of 'olatile oil

an( retrogra(e ga% (e%crie %ome

c+aracteri%tic $ro$ertie% of t+e%e to

re%er'oir flui(%7

,7 Li%t %ome limitation% of 5tan(ing-#at9 c+art7

Ae%crie t+e common a$$roac+ in eten(ingt+e a$$lication of t+e c+art


E 4E 4



E3a' 4E3a' 4

7 Ae%crie in AE"*.L5 t+e com$utation

$roce(ure of Aranc+u8 & *u-#a%%em met+o(

in com$uting 7

47 all-aoroug+ $ro$o%e a met+o( to calculate

a% follo%

01/04/16 <;Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

20.06125 1

exp 1.2 1 pr

pr pr

p Z

&T T

= − − ÷ ÷

E 4E 4



E3a' 4E3a' 4

+ere


( )4

2 3 4

21 3 23

2

1

2 3

2

2 3

3

4

1

10.06125 exp 1.2 1 ;

1 1 114.76 9.76 4.58

1 1 190.7 242.2 42.4 ;

2.18 2.8

'

pr

pr pr

pr pr pr

pr pr pr

& & & & ' ' & ' & &

p '

T T

' T T T

'

T T T

'

+ + ++ + =−

= − − − ÷ ÷

= − + ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷

= − + ÷ ÷ ÷

÷ ÷ ÷

= + 12

pr T

÷ ÷

E 4E 4



E3a' 4E3a' 4

01/04/16 <<Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Co)ponent i 4i (ci,*- pci

CO2 0.02 44.01 547.91 1071

N2 0.01 28.01 227.49 493.1

C1 0.85 16.04 343.33 666.4

C2 0.04 30.1 549.92 706.5

C3 0.03 44.1 666.06 616.4

i - C4 0.03 58.1 734.46 527.9

n - C4 0.02 58.1 765.62 550.6

Calculate at $000 $%ia an( "1=0oF it+ t+e PJ" (ata a% follo%

Material -alanceMaterial -alance



E5uation #M-E%E5uation #M-E%

01/04/16 <=Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

*n )'er'ie of MBE

Generali9e( Material Balance Euation

MBE for "y$ical )il an( Ga% e%er'oir%

*$$lication% of MBE

A O i M-EAn O er ie o M-E



An Overvie! o M-EAn Overvie! o M-E

01/04/16 <>Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Fir%t (e'elo$e( y 5c+ilt+ui% in 1>6 MBE i%

con%i(ere( to e a tool for?

e%timating initial +y(rocaron in $lace$re(icting future re%er'oir $erformance

$re(icting ultimate re%er'oir reco'ery un(er

certain ty$e of (ri'ing mec+ani%m%

, " t l M-E,un"a'entals o M-E



,un"a'entals o M-E,un"a'entals o M-E

01/04/16 =0Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

MBE i% (eri'e( u%ing t+e folloing a%%um$tion%?

Reservoir

!ulk

Volu+e

Volu+e o%

Rock 'atri.

ore

Volu+eConstant

$"e pore volu+e is %ully occuppied by e.isting %luid co+ponents @oil0 gas0 waterA

$"e reservoir is "o+ogenuous and isotropic @(ero)di+ensionalA

G l M-E #GM-E%General M-E #GM-E%



General M-E #GM-E%General M-E #GM-E%


GMBE i% an MBE t+at can e a$$lie( to

all re%er'oir ty$e%@

MBE for a $articular ty$e of re%er'oir cane (eri'e( from t+e GMBE y remo'ing

nonei%tent term%7

Tan/ Mo"elTan/ Mo"el



Tan/ Mo"elTan/ Mo"el

01/04/16 =,Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

INI$I,2 OI2

INI$I,2 G,S)C, G,S

RE',INING OI2

C3RREN$ G,S)C, G,S

RE2E,SE- G,S

INBEC$E- G,S

NE$ 9,$ER IN#23

E,N-ING CON,$E9,$ER

E,N-ING ROCK',$RI

INBEC$E- 9,$ER

Initial Condition Current Condition

ROCK @',$RIA

CON,$E 9,$ER

Derivation o GM-EDerivation o GM-E



Derivation o GM-EDerivation o GM-E


Volu+e o%

Initial Oil

Volu+e o%Initial Gas Cap

Volu+e o% Re+aining Oil

Volu+e o% E.panding Rock 'atri.

Volu+e o% Re+aining #ree Gas

Volu+e o% InDected9ater

Volu+e o% Rock 'atri.

Volu+e o%Conate 9ater

Volu+e o% E.panding

Conate 9ater

Volu+e o% InDected9ater

Volu+e o%InDected Gas

Acrony's in GM-EAcrony's in GM-E



Acrony's in GM-EAcrony's in GM-E


GM-E6 ,inal ,or'ulationGM-E6 ,inal ,or'ulation



GM-E6 ,inal ,or'ulationGM-E6 ,inal ,or'ulation

01/04/16 =;Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

( ) ( ) (1 )1

( )

w wi ( !i! !i g gi !i e in) w in) g

gi wi

p ! p *i g p w

c S c Nm+ N + + + + m N+ p , , + - +

+ S

N + R R + , +

+− + − + + ∆ + + +

−

= + − +

( )! o *i * g + + R R += + −

!i oi + +=

D+ere?

E3ercise ?E3ercise ?




17 Aeri'e t+e euation for t+e $ore 'olume of t+e

re%er'oir

,7 Aeri'e t+e euation% for ater an( roc8 matrie$an%ion%

7 Aeri'e t+e euation for t+e initial ga% in t+e

re%er'oir

47 Aeri'e t+e euation for t+e remaining free ga% in

t+e re%er'oir


,lui" ,lo!s in,lui" ,lo!s in




01/04/16 =<Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Pro$ertie% of e%er'oir Flui(% in Motion

Flo egime%

Flo Geometry

Flui( Flo Euation%

Pro(erties o ReservoirPro(erties o Reservoir



((

,lui"s,lui"s

01/04/16 ==Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Cla%%ification Criteria? .%ot+ermal Com$re%%iility

or

5lig+tly Com$re%%ileFlui(%

e%er'oir Flui(%

.ncom$re%%ile Flui(%

Com$re%%ile Flui(%

P

$

$c

∂∂−= .

1

P c

∂∂−=

ρ

ρ .

1

Inco'(ressi)le ,lui"sInco'(ressi)le ,lui"s



Inco'(ressi)le ,lui"sInco'(ressi)le ,lui"s

01/04/16 =>Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Jolume an( (en%ity (o not c+ange it+ $re%%ure

0; 0 0l

V c

p p

ρ ∂ ∂= = → =

∂ ∂

Slig&tly +o'(ressi)leSlig&tly +o'(ressi)le



g y (g y (

,lui"s,lui"s

01/04/16 >0Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

5mall c+ange% in 'olume or (en%ity it+c+ange% in $re%%ure

Slig&tly +o'(ressi)leSlig&tly +o'(ressi)le



g y (g y (

,lui"s,lui"s


1

1 ( ) 1 ( ) ( )l

o

l l o

l l *c T *c

+ +

c p p c p p c T T = =

+ − + − − −

[ ]1 ( ) 1 ( ) ( )o o

l l l l*c l *c Tl *cc p p c p p c T T ρ ρ ρ = + − = + − − −

+o'(ressi)le ,lui"s+o'(ressi)le ,lui"s



+o'(ressi)le ,lui"s+o'(ressi)le ,lui"s

01/04/16 >,Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

* com$re%%ile flui( +a% com$re%%iility rangingfrom 17E- to 17E-4

1 1 g . c p . p

∂= − ∂ g pM .RT

ρ =

g*c *c g

c g c *c

p . + T T p

ρ α ρ α

= =

0olu'e1Pressure0olu'e1Pressure



Relations&i(Relations&i(


.ncom$re%%ile

5lig+tlyCom$re%%ile

Com$re%%ileJ

$

Density1PressureDensity1Pressure



yy

Relations&i(Relations&i(


.ncom$re%%ile

5lig+tlyCom$re%%ile

Com$re%%ile

$

,lo! Regi'es,lo! Regi'es



,lo! Regi'es,lo! Regi'es

01/04/16 >;Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Cla%%ification Criteria? C+ange% in $re%%ure it+ time

P%eu(o%tea(y-5tateFlo

Flo egime%

5tea(y-5tateFlo

!n%tea(y-5tateFlo

Stea"y1State ,lo!sStea"y1State ,lo!s



Stea"y1State ,lo!sStea"y State ,lo!s


Pre%%ure (oe% not c+ange it+ time

Unstea"y1State ,lo!sUnstea"y1State ,lo!s



Unstea"y State ,lo!sUnstea"y State ,lo!s

01/04/16 ><Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Pre%%ure (eri'ati'e it+ re%$ect to time i% afunction of ot+ %$ace an( time

Pseu"o1Stea"y ,lo!sPseu"o1Stea"y ,lo!s



Pseu"o Stea"y ,lo!sPseu"o Stea"y ,lo!s

01/04/16 >=Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Pre%%ure (ecline% it+ a con%tant rate



01/04/16 >>Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

5tea(y-5tate

P%eu(o%tea(y-5tate

!n%tea(y-5tate$

t

,lo! Geo'etry,lo! Geo'etry



,lo! Geo'etry,lo! Geo'etry


"+e %+a$e an( oun(arie% of a re%er'oir +a% a

%ignificant effect on it% flo geometry7

Linear Flo

FloGeometry

a(ial Flo

emi%$+erical Flo 5$+erical Flo

Ra"ial ,lo!Ra"ial ,lo!



Ra"ial ,lo!Ra"ial ,lo!


Flui(% mo'e toar( t+e ell from all (irection%

Linear ,lo!Linear ,lo!



Linear ,lo!Linear ,lo!


Flo $at+% are $arallel an( t+e flui( flo% in a%ingle (irection

S(&erical ,lo!S(&erical ,lo!



S(&erical ,lo!S(&erical ,lo!


* ell it+ a limite( $erforate( inter'al coul(re%ult in %$+erical flo in t+e 'icinity of t+e$erforation%

@e'is(&erical ,lo!@e'is(&erical ,lo!



@e'is(&erical ,lo!@e'is(&erical ,lo!


* ell +ic+ only $artially $enetrate% t+e $ay9one cou( re%ult in +emi%$+erical flo

Dellore

Flo line%

5i(e 'ie

,lui" ,lo! E5uations,lui" ,lo! E5uations



,lui" ,lo! E5uations,lui" ,lo! E5uations


Ae%criing t+e flo e+a'ior in a re%er'oir

Ae$en(ing on t+e comination of 'ariale%

recently $re%ente( 2ty$e% of flui(% flo regime% 3

Ae'elo$e( y comining AarcyN% tran%$ort

euation it+ t+e con%er'ation of ma%% an( 'ariou%

euation% of %tate

Darcy La!Darcy La!



Darcy La!Darcy La!


Jelocity of a +omogeneou% flui( in a $orou% me(iumi% $ro$ortional to t+e $re%%ure gra(ient an( in'er%ely$ro$ortinoal to t+e flui( 'i%co%ity7For a ra(ial flo %y%tem AarcyN% tran%$ort euation i%

gi'en y

Darcy E5uation or Ra"ialDarcy E5uation or Ra"ial



,lo! in ,iel" Units,lo! in ,iel" Units


Stea"y1State Ra"ial ,lo!Stea"y1State Ra"ial ,lo!



o Slig&tly +o'(ressi)leo Slig&tly +o'(ressi)le

,lui"s,lui"s


Stea"y1State Ra"ial ,lo!Stea"y1State Ra"ial ,lo!



or +o'(ressi)le ,lui"sor +o'(ressi)le ,lui"s


m2$3? real-ga% $%eu(o$re%%ure

E3ercise BE3ercise B



E3ercise B


"+e PJ" (ata from a ga% ell in t+e *nacon(a Ga%

Fiel( i% gi'en elo?p ;psi< )u ;cp< =

0.0 0.01270 1.000

400.0 0.01286 0.937

800.0 0.01390 0.882

1200.0 0.01530 0.832

1600.0 0.01680 0.794

2000.0 0.01840 0.770

2400.0 0.02010 0.763

2800.0 0.02170 0.775

3200.0 0.02340 0.797

3600.0 0.02500 0.827

4000.0 0.02660 0.860

4400.0 0.02831 0.896

"+e ell i% $ro(ucing at a %taili9e(

ottom-+ole floing $re%%ure of 600

$%i7 "+e ellore ra(iu% i% 07 ft7 "+efolloing a((itional (ata i% a'ailale?

k>6 +d0 ":6 %t0 $>77 FR0

pe ==77 psi0 re:777 %t0

Calculate t+e ga% flo rate in M%cf/(ay

Nu'erical IntegrationNu'erical Integration



u e ca eg a og


"ra$e9oi(al Met+o(

Unstea"y ,lo! o ANCUnstea"y ,lo! o ANC,l i"



,lui",lui"


ressure is o% pri+ary interest $"e above e/uation is derived wit" t"e conservation o%

+ass taken into account

$"e rate o% c"anges in pressure away %ro+ t"e wellbore

can be deter+ined by per+eability0 porosity0 %luid

viscosity0 rock and %luid co+pressibility

+onstant1Ter'ial1Rate+onstant1Ter'ial1Rate

l iS l i



SolutionSolution


−+= !

r c /i0

#+ p p ! i

2

9486.70 φµ µ

E3(onential IntegralE3(onential Integral



( g( g


1uu

e " /i

"

u

∫

∞ −

−=− )(

A((ro3i'ation o EiA((ro3i'ation o Ei

, i, ti



,unction,unction


4

8

2

7

6

5

3

4

2

3

2

1

83

7

2

65

3

4

2

321

106709776.8

100832566.1

12333524.0

662318450.0

109849819.5

1022123384.5

81512322.0

33153973.0

)/l,()/l,()l,()(

0.301.0)781.1l,()(

01.0

−

−

−

−

×=

×=−=

=×=

×=

−=−=

+++++++=−

<<=−

≤

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

"

a "a "a "a "a "a "aa " /i

" " " /i

"

E3ercise E3ercise




*n oil ell i% $ro(ucing at a con%tant flo rate of 00 5"B/(ay un(er un%tea(y-

%tate flo con(ition%7 "+e re%er'oir +a% t+e folloing roc8 an( flui( $ro$ertie%

!o17,; l/5"B µ17;c$ ct1, 10-6 $%i-1

ko60 m( "1; ft pi4000 $%i

φ

1;I r07,; ft

17Calculate t+e $re%%ure at ra(ii of 07,; ; 10 ;0 100 ;00 1000 1;00

,000 an( ,;00 ft for 1 +our7 Plot t+e re%ult% a%?

O $re%%ure 'er%u% t+e logarit+m of ra(iu%

O $re%%ure 'er%u% ra(iu%,7e$eat ue%tion 1 for t1, +our% an( ,4 +our%7 Plot t+e re%ult% a% $re%%ure

'er%u% logarit+m of ra(iu%

Part IIIPart III




-ata ,nalysis 'et"ods In

Reservoir Engineering

Overvie! o Data AnalysisOvervie! o Data Analysis

i R i E i ii R i E i i



in Reservoir Engineeringin Reservoir Engineering


P0T AnalysisP0T Analysis



yy


$"e obDective o% V$ ,nalysis is to

esti+ate essential properties and

predict be"aviors o% reservoir %luids

during production

P0T Analysis ToolsP0T Analysis Tools



yy

01/04/16 1,0Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Da & *%$+alteneAe$o%ition

PJ" **L5.5

5*MPL.G 5PEC.*L 5"!AG*5 C)AE5*"EBL*C# ).L

Effect of .n:ectionGa% on Flui(Pro$ertie%

uality c+ec8

Effect of .n:ectionC+emical on Flui(

Pro$ertie%

Com$o%itionalanaly%i%

Con%tantCom$o%itionE$an%ion

Ji%co%ity "e%t

uality c+ec8

5e$arator "e%t

AifferentialJa$ori%ation "e%t

Subsur%ace

)$en +ole

Ca%e +ole

Sur%ace5e$arator

Dell+ea(Com$o%itional

analy%i%

Con%tantcom$o%itione$an%ion

uality c+ec8

Con%tant JolumeAe$letion

-asic P0T Data or -lac/-asic P0T Data or -lac/

OilOil



OilOil


Oil ,or'ation 0olu'eOil ,or'ation 0olu'e

, t, t



,actor,actor

01/04/16 1,,Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Solution Gas Oil RatioSolution Gas Oil Ratio




Oil 0iscosityOil 0iscosity



y


P0T Analysis ResultsP0T Analysis Results



01/04/16 1,;Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Oil #or+ation Volu+e #actor



*o'e ule $oint $re%%ure

Bo increa%e% a% $re%%ure(ecrea%e%7 D+yK

Belo ule $oint $re%%ureBo (ecrea%e% a% $re%%ure(ecrea%e%7 D+yK

"+e oil al%o e$an(% a%$re%%ure (ecrea%e% ut+y %till Bo (ecrea%e% a%$re%%ure (ecrea%e%K


Oil -ensity



*o'e P t+e oil (en%ity

(ecrea%e%7 D+yKBelo P t+e oil (en%ity

increa%e7 D+yK

"+e re(uction of ma%% i%minimal com$are to oil'olume (ecrea%e

01/04/16 1,<Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Solution Gas Oil Ratio



*o'e ule $oint $re%%ure

% i% con%tant7 D+yKBelo ule $oint $re%%ure

% (ecrea%e% a% $re%%ure(ecrea%e%7 D+yK

.t ill continue to 'a$ouri%e

until no ga% come out fromt+e oil at t+e atmo%$+eric$re%%ure7

01/04/16 1,=Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"




17 E$lain +y ao'e t+e ule $oint $re%%ure 2P3 Bo

increa%e% a% $re%%ure (ecrea%e% +erea% elo P Bo

(ecrea%e% a% $re%%ure (ecrea%e%7

,7 E$lain +y ao'e P t+e oil (en%ity (ecrea%e% a%

$re%%ure (ecrea%e% +erea% elo P it increa%e% a%

$re%%ure (ecrea%e%7

7 E$lain +y ao'e P % i% con%tant +erea% elo P it

(ecrea%e% a% $re%%ure (ecrea%e%7

2ell Test Analysis2ell Test Analysis




$"e obDective o% well test analysis is to

interprete data obtained %ro+ well tests

%or t"e ulti+ate purpose o% identi%ying

reservoir c"aracteristics suc" as

dyna+ic pressure be"avior in

reservoirs0 per+eability0 reservoirboundaries0 wellbore storage0 etc 111

2ell)ore Storage2ell)ore Storage




S/in ,actor 1 ,or'ationS/in ,actor 1 ,or'ation

"a'age"a'age



"a'age"a'age


S/in ,actorS/in ,actor



500

!000

!500

#000

! !0 !00 !000 !0000

Distance ro) center o wellbore, t

P r e s s u r e , p s

s 6

s )<

s 7

Ty(es o 2ell TestsTy(es o 2ell Tests




-rawdown $ests

!uildup $ests

Isoc"ronal $ests

'odi%ied Isoc"ronal $ests

Inte%erence $ests

Ty(es o 2ell TestsTy(es o 2ell Tests




Ty(es o TestTy(es o Test




Ty(e o TestTy(e o Test




Intererence TestIntererence Test




Di<usivity E5uationDi<usivity E5uation




Di'ensionless 0aria)leDi'ensionless 0aria)le




2ell Test Analysis2ell Test AnalysisTec&ni5uesTec&ni5ues



Tec&ni5uesTec&ni5ues

MA *naly%i%

orner *naly%i%

Pre%%ure Aeri'ati'e Ba%e( "ec+niue% "y$e Cur'e% *naly%i%

umerical 5imulation


+onstant1Ter'inal1Rate+onstant1Ter'inal1RateSolutionSolution



−+= !

r c /i0

#+ p p ! i

29486.70

φµ µ

Log A((ro3i'ation to t&eLog A((ro3i'ation to t&e

Ei1,unctionEi1,unction



Ei1,unctionEi1,unction

+−

−= *r c

!

0

#+ p p

w!

iw( 87.023.3lo6.162 2φµ

µ

b)>

,inite Acting Ra"ial ,lo!,inite Acting Ra"ial ,lo!

MD@ analysisMD@ analysis



MD@ analysisMD@ analysis


,inite Acting Ra"ial ,lo!,inite Acting Ra"ial ,lo!

@orner analysis@orner analysis



@orner analysis@orner analysis


Ty(e +urve Analysis6Ty(e +urve Analysis6Data SetData Set



Data SetData Set


Ty(e +urve Analysis6Ty(e +urve Analysis6

Un'atc&e" OverlayUn'atc&e" Overlay



Un'atc&e" OverlayUn'atc&e" Overlay



Matc&e" in PressureMatc&e" in Pressure



Matc&e" in PressureMatc&e" in Pressure



Matc&e" in -ot& PressureMatc&e" in -ot& Pressure



Matc&e" in -ot& PressureMatc&e" in -ot& Pressure

; Ti'e; Ti'e

01/04/16 1;0Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"


E3traction o Ty(eE3traction o Ty(e



E3traction o Ty(eE3traction o Ty(e

Para'etersPara'eters

01/04/16 1;1Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

E3ercise BE3ercise B



17 !%e t+ree 'er% to (e%crie $rimary acti'itie%

in ell te%t%7

,7 E$lain +y e care aout t+e ellore

%torage an( %8in factor7

7 E$lain +y ell te%t analy%i% tec+niue%

a%e( on $re%%ure-(eri'ati'e gi'e more

reliale information t+an cla%%ic met+o(%7

01/04/16 1;,Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - CM!"

Ei1,unction SolutionEi1,unction Solution



−+= !

r c /i0

#+ p p

! i

29486.70

φµ µ

Reservoir Pressure ProfleReservoir Pressure Profle



500

!000

!500

#000

! !0 !00 !000 !0000

Distance ro) center o wellbore, t

P r e s s u r e , p s i

s 6

s )<

s 7

Log A((ro3i'ation to t&eLog A((ro3i'ation to t&eEi1,unctionEi1,unction



Ei ,unctionEi ,unction

+−

−= *r c

!

0

#+ p p

w!

iw( 87.023.3lo6.162 2φµ

µ

b)>

Esti'ating Per'ea)ility an" S/inEsti'ating Per'ea)ility an" S/in



)h

&B6?!6#k

µ

φµ

= #"?"r c

klo.

)

pp!5!?!s

#

wt

!0hr !i

Pro)le's !it&Pro)le's !it&Dra!"o!n TestsDra!"o!n Tests ( ff l ( ll l



Dra!"o!n TestsDra!"o!n Tests .t i% (ifficult to $ro(uce a ell at a %trictly

con%tant rate

E'en %mall 'ariation% in rate (i%tort t+e

$re%%ure re%$on%e

"+ere i% one rate t+at i% ea%y to maintain – *

flo rate of 9ero7

* uil(u$ te%t i% con(ucte( y %+utting in a

$ro(ucing ell an( mea%uring t+e re%ulting

$re%%ure re%$on%e7

-uil"u( Test 1 Pressure-uil"u( Test 1 PressureRes(onseRes(onse

7



∆

ttp

∆

t7

tp ∆

t

7

-uil"u( Test 1-uil"u( Test 1Su(er(ositionSu(er(osition



Su(er(ositionSu(e (os o

φµ

φµ

s869?0#"?"r c

klo.tlo.

kh

&B6?!6#

s869?0#"?"r c

klo.ttlo.

kh

&B6?!6#pp

#wt

!0!0

#wt

!0p!0iws

Pressure Res(onse or aPressure Res(onse or a-uil"u( Test-uil"u( Test



-uil"u( Test(

∆

∆

t

tt

lo.kh

&B

6?!6#pp

p

!0iws

y +. b

-uil"u( Test 1 Straig&t-uil"u( Test 1 Straig&t

Line AnalogyLine Analogy



Line AnalogyLine Analogy

h)

&B6?!6#k

µ

!

t

tt@bp p

i =

∆

∆

=

-uil"u( Test Gra(&-uil"u( Test Gra(&2000



1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

110100100010000

Aorner ti)e ratio

P r e s s u r e , p s i

pi

Esti'ating S/in ,actorEsti'ating S/in ,actor

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68180091 reservoir engineering

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