DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 053 736 LI 002 970

AUTHOR Webb, JohnTITLE [The Presidential Libraries.]PUB DATE 69NOTE 69p.; (82 References) ; Papers prepared for the

Institute in Archival Librarianship, University ofOregon, .September 22, 1969 - August 14, 1970

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

IDENTIFIERS

ABSTRACT

EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29Administration, *Archives, Institutes (TrainingPrograms) , *Library Education, *Records (Forms),*Research Libraries, Seminars, *Special Libraries*Librarianship, Presidential Libraries, Universityof Oregon

There are seven Presidential libraries in variousstates of existence, from quite active to proposed: (1) Franklin D.Roosevelt Library, (2) Harry S. Truman Library, (3) Herbert HooverLibrary, (4) Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, (5) John F. KennedyMemorial Library (6) Lyndon B. Johnson Library and (7) Rutherford B.Hayes Memorial Library. Each Presidential library has as its heart"the Presidential records and papers donated or deposited by thePresident and by officials and friends associated with the Presidentwhose name the institution bears." The Franklin D. Roosevelt Libraryis the oldest, largest, most used, and seemingly best administeredand most successful of the Presidential libraries. It is the modelupon which the others have been based. An account of the developmentof the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library is given. In the few short yearsof their existence the Presidential libraries have become among themost important depositories of private papers in the country. This isdiscussed in the second paper presented here. The final paper isconcerned with the specific application of administrative matters --budget, staff, building and equipment -- to the Presidentiallibraries (Other papers from this institute are available as LI002962 - LI 002969 and LI 002971 through LI 002976). (NH)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION& WELFARE

OFFICE OF EDUCATIONTHIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCEDEXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON ORORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OFVIEW OR OPINIONS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY.

[THE PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES]

By

John Webb

Papers prepared for the Institute in Archival Librarianship,University of Oregon, September 22, 1969 - August 14, 1970

The Presidential Libraries

4

John WebbOctober 27, 1969Lib 507

C

The Presidential Libraries

Until well into t twentieth century, most ex-Presidents

and their families did not take a very positive view of the

papers accumulated during their years in office, and not much

care was excercised in their storage or retention. Typically, they

became lost or dispersed. 1 The Congress, however, had begun

to recognize the importance of these records, and it had begun

to appropriate funds to purchaSe portions of the papers of

past Presidents as they became available. This, of course,

was not very systematiciand quite costly. Furthermore, even

for those papers that were saved, a long period of time elapsed

before they became open for research purposes. 2 The delay

became a roadblock to much historical scholarship. The twentieth-

century solution to this problem of retention 'of and access

to. the Presidentiii papers - a problem as old as the nation

itself - is the Presidential library:

There are at present seven Presidential libraries in

various states of existence, from quite' active to prOpoSed:

The Franklin. D. RooseVelt LibraryHyde Park, New York

The Harry S. Truman LibraryIndependence, Missouri

The Herbert Hoover LibraryWest Branch, Iowa

The.Dwight D. Eisenhower Library.Abilene, Kansas

41M1111.11PIIMMINNIMM=IMPUroommerr

2

The John F. Kennedy. Memorial Library (proposed)Cambridge, Massachusetts

The Lyndon B. Johnson Library (proposed)Austin, Texas

The Rutherford B. Hayes Memorial LibraryFremont, Ohio

What is a Presidential library? One scholar has written

that if one were to be restricted to just one source in the

study of the history of this nation during the modern era, the

Presidential papers would be the source to choose. The Presidential

libraries, then, are among other things research and educational

institutions. In one sense, their ultimute purpose is to

serve the research .Student. Thus, for instance, during the

I . period 1961-1965, over 100 theses were. written using the material

of the Roosevelt library)

The aim of the Presidential libraries has been to retain

1

"the record in all its detail for later interpretation by the

user." H. G. Jones quotes President Franklin D. Roosevelt

as saying that hts library was-to-be "la source material col-

lection relating to a specific period of our history, (to be

housed in) a separate, modern, fireproof building... so.r Tro. I

designed that it would hold all of my collections and also

such other material relating to this Teriod ln our history as

might be donated to the 'collection in future by other members

of the present Administration.'" Dr. Drewry,- in her role as

director of the ROosevelt Library, states that. the Presidential

libraries are more than lust collectorL, that they are active

rather than passive organizations. They have their own pub-

lications programs, they hold lectures and seminars, and they

3

'encourage research by providing grants for study at their

institutions, especially to young and promising students and

scholars

Each Presidential library has as its heart "the Presidential

records and papers donated or deposited by the President and

by officials and friends associated with the President whose

name the institution. bears." Thus, the Presidential libraries

are actually misnamed. They ore really Presidential archives,

and should be designated as such, Jones feels.. Each also serves

as a library and museum. The combined holdings of the Presidential

libraries in 1967 included; 72,000,000 manuscript pages; 229,000

photographs; 5,100 sound recordings; 1,300,000 feet of motion

picture film; 94,000 books; 112,000 other, printed materials;

and 52,000 museum objects.5

But the Presidential libraries are more then just research

centers. In one sense, their main purpose is to preserve the

memory of the President, and they are, therefore, important

historical sites. In this sense, they ,are as much museums as

libraries, and, Andeed, to the average American, the museum

is the .Presidential library. The museums and exhibits areas

of the Libraries are open. to the public nearly every day of the

year, and n small admissions fee is charged (fifty cents,

children. under twelve, free). The Roosevelt and.Truman. Libraries

each have been drawing 200,000-250000:visitors per year.6

The Presidential library is a "Velly specialized institution

built particularly for the .material it holds and the study

of the period it represents." The surroundings represent the

!xn and the period during which he was a public figure. They

i'¢ (r flivor to the research materials.

All u,zo.,pl, UhJ kt.:11.3j-

the National Archives and Records Service of the General

Services Administration. Each of these federally-run libraries

is directed by an archivist. Most of the rest of the professional

staff are archivists also; This staff is especially important.

They are all specialists in their period and in the holdIngs

WOIr Or0111,5'ACION OthoIlt h610 10110Atoll proro9,i1o01

staffs, the holdings of the libraries would be absolutely

useless.8

Each of the Presidential libraries is involved in what

might be called special programs. They solicit and accept the

papers of private persons whose lives ,or careers were somehow

connected with that of. the President. These private papers

"are deposited under legal agreements on access similar to those

for the Presidential papers." They are handled with the same

care as the Presidential papers. This has induced some donors.

to depost their papers there so that,they would get the Presidential

treatment. Furthermore, each of the Presidential librarieS is

developing at least one area for specialty (and these will be

discussed throughout the paper). All are also activily involved

in oral history programs. 9

The Presidential library is.a new institution. which attempts

to solve an. old problem-the dispositi9n of the papers of the

presidency. These papers have always been, considered to be the

personal property of the President, and this has been upheld

by the courts. The Presidentsfrom Washington on- have all

6

5

taken their papers with them when they left office, and the

results have not always been the bebt. The papers of some of

the Presidents have been lost or destroyed completely. Only

fragments of others remain. Of all the Presidents before

Franklin D. Roosevelt, only Rutherford B. Hayes made formal

provision for his papers. Through negligence or malice, many

valuable historical records - in many cases the only records of

Presidential actions - have been lost forever.10

As in so many other areas, a whole new concept in the

care and preservation of Presidential papers evolved during

the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was he who developed

the idea of a PreSidentiai archives in public custody with

public support and public management. And it was this idea

carried to fruition in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library which

set the'llattern for the modern Presidential library.11

'RooSevelt was a saver. From age twenty on, he destroyed

ygrly. I'Sig pieces of correspondence or public, family, business,

or financial papers. His mother saved every letter he had

written to her, every school excercise, every report card,

every notebook, every essay and paper. By the time he entered

the White House, he had already acquired such a volume of papers

that he had begun., to consider what would become of them after

his tenure in Office. There already seemed to be too much to

take with him 'and organize in his retirement. Furthermore,/

the office of the Presidency - and consequently the amount of

paperwork - was growing considerably under Roosevelt. On top

of this Roosevelt's rapport, with the people had the effect

that the common man was now writing letters to his President.

6

And finally, the Roosevelts were being almost showered with

gifts, many, of which were of great Value. The Roosevelt papers

were to become imMenset 4000 cubic feet 5,000,000 sheets of

paper stored in 500 five-drawer file cobinets. Or stated another

way, before the end of his Presidency, the volume of Roosevelt's

Presidential papers was to exceed that of all the Presidents

from Washington to Coolidge. 12

Roosevelt thus came to see that a new kind of .institution -

a combination library, archives, and museum - was needed to

handle his papers after his retirement. The National Archives

had been created early in Roosevelt's term, and Roosevelt's

esteem for and trust in We D. W. Connor, the first Archivist of

the United States - whom he had appointed - plus his own sense

of the value of the Presidential papers led him to consider

that the National Archives should be responsible for this new

kind of library. In 1930, he invited a non-partisan committee

of distinguished scholars to study the problem of what to do with

his papers and to make recommendations. The committee decided

that "the president's collections are too voluminous to be

adquately preserVed and administered as a private library

and too important as source materials for the study of recent

American history to justify their being held permanently in

private custody." The recommendation f011owed Roosevelt's

belief that the answer was a federally funded and administered

Presidential library, publically ownedi-but with ownership and

control of the papers to be retained byithe President or his

estate. Other who wished to deposit their papers would also

retain sole control over them. 13

7

A private corporation was formed to raise the funds for

construction and equipment of the library wherever it chose.

(It chose the Roosevelt estate at Hyde Park). The corporation

was empowered to transfer control of the library to the United

States if Congress passed legislation enabling the government

to take-over and administer the library. The funds for the

construction and outfitting of the building were raised entirely

from private contributions.44

In mid-1939, Congress adopted a joint resolution authorizing

the United States to accept title to the land and building when

it was completed and to accept custody of the collection. The

resolution "contained therpledged faith, of the United States

to provide such funds as might be necessary for the maintenance,

operation, and administration of the library and for the care

and preservation of its historical resources 'so that the... .

Library shall be at all times properly maintained. " In its

essentials thic., was to be the pattern followed in the establishment

of the Truman, Eisenhower, Hoover, Kennedy, and Johnson libraries. 15

On July 24, 1939, title to the Roosevelt library site was

transferred to the United States; on August 11, the corporation

was authorized to proceed with the construction; groundbreaking

took place on September 14; and the cornerstone was laid on .

November 20. The dedication took place on June 30, 1941, and

Fred W. Shipman, a career archivist, was appointed as the first

director. In 1943, Harry Hopkins, Grape Tully, and Samuel I.

Alosenpa,n were appointed as a, committee to screen the White.!

House papers to determine which could be opened for research

as soon as they were transferred to the Library and which

8

would have to remain closed for a while due to personal or

security reasons. Hopkins died in 1946. Tully and Rosenman

established criteria for the use of the papers, but the actual

screening was done by the library staff.16

As one might expect, the aim of the Roosevelt Library is

to be a leading research center in the country for the study

of F. D. R. himself, the Roosevelt administration, and the

New Deal. Special interests of Franklin D. Roosevelt himself

are also "specialities of the house": the history of the

United States Navy and the history of Dutchess County and the

Hudson River Valley.17 The museum rooms were opened to the'

public when the Library was dedicated, and are drawing about

a quarter of a million people every year (page 3 above)i

The research room was forMally opened May 1, 1946, but access

to the papers was severely limited.18

The 'Roosevelt Library has established a record for acces-

sibility that the other Presidential libraries find hard to

match. By the time Roosevelt's Presidential paper's were opened

to research on. March 17, 1950, eighty-five percent were open

for research. This was within five years of the President's

death and Is spectacular when one considers that it was only

a few months after the remnant of'the Lincoln papers was opened

and was several years before the papers of the two Adams were

'made available. 19

Scholars have been quick to take rd4antage of this good

fortune. Any .clualified researcher who 4as a specific subject

to investigate and who is serious about doing it may receive

permission to use the ROosevelt papers. Between 1950 and 1965,

10

9

over 500 publications were issued which used the Roosevelt

Library as a major source. Scholars pay about 500 visits per

year to the Library, and the Library makes and sells ten to

fifteen thousand microfilm and photostatic copies of documents

per year. The Library staff is also involved in the publication

of lists of selected documents and bibliographies. Two volumes

of seleated documents on Roosevelt and Conservation have been

issued, and ones on foreign relations and agriculture planned. "

An idea of the magnitude and the scope of the holdings of

the Roosevelt Library is manifest in the fact that the

Roosevelt papers make up only about fifty per cent of the total-

manuscript holdings. The 'three most important other groups are

the papers of Harry. Hopkins, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., and John

G. Winant. Mrs. Roosevelt's papers are also an important

group. 2t

The Franklin D.Jloosevelt Library.is the oldest, the

largest, the most used, and seemingly the best administered

and most successful of all the Presidential libraries

administered by the National ArchiveS and Records Service.

Certainly, it has 'been the model upon which the others have

been based, and it seems to set the standard of excellence to

which the others aspire.

The Harry S. Truman Library drew heavily upon the experience

of the Roosevelt Library, and its development proceeded. much

in the same manner as the Roosevelt Lilirary. Therefore, no

account of that development will be inclizded. One of the

biggest differences'between the two is undoubtedly the fact

that President Truman survived his presidency, and became quite

11

1

10

active in the affairs of the library. Consequently, Mr. Truman's

vivid personality has pervaded at the Truman Library.22

The holdings of the Truman Library are also quite extensive.

Included are the President's White House papers, records of

Assistants, Aides, and Counsels to the President, the records

of the White House Social Office, Mr. Truman's senatorial

and Vice-Presidential papers, and his post-Presidential papers,

the records of many Presidential commissions, and the papers

of over eighty personal and political associates. Microfilms

of forty other collections of papers are on file as ore the tapes

of the interviews with forty-six volunteers in the Oral History

program. The papers themSelves occupy over 3000 cubic feet.

Other holdings includes`- 27,000 books; 20,000 photographs;

1300 sound recordings; 22,500 feet of motion picture film;

29,000 pamphlet+nd other printed items; and 800 political

cartoons.23 The library was greatly strengthened by the

purchase of the personal library of Samuel Flagg Bemis.

The Truman Library also specializes in a subject which is. of

special interest to Mr. Truman: the development of the office

of thePreoidency: "Effort is being made to acquire for thera.Ir

library as full a collection of books as will exist anywhere on

the development of the President office and how its encumbents

have administered it.u24

As with all the Presidential libraries, the museum is an

important part of thelTruMan Library. it adds color and tone to .

the paper's the researcher is studying, and', of course, it is. the

.major attraction for the public. The entire building is air-

conditioned, and the stack aieas have special, temperature and

11

humidity' controls for the protection of the papers. GSA's

Public Building Service provides custodial and maintenance

service. The library staff of about fifteen includes six

professional archivists.25

-TM: Harry S. Truman Library Institute, a non-profit organ-

ization, supports a grant-in-aid program. Grants of up to

$1000 may be awarded except for one award of $7500 .per year.

The grants are allotted to scholars to use the Library, especially

to those just beginning their careers. So far more than 70

books, articles, and dissertations have resulted from work

supported by these grants. 26

The Truman Library is in full operation, now, but the

results do not seem to match those of the Roosevelt Library.

For one thing, the Truman Library is, according to one scholar,

weak in pre-1940 material,'. Furthermore, researdh is being

hampered by restrictions much tighter than. those of its older

brother. A lesser proportion of the documents is open to

research, and that portion, which is still restricted includes

the most important sources of the Truman adMinistration - the

. foreign affairs papers. Thus, the Truman Library is not yet'

fulfilling its self-assigned role as the source for the history

of the Truman administration. 27

With the relative success of the Roosevelt and Truman

libraries, the advent of more Presidential libraries seemed

certain. The need for a more comprehensive plan. for authorization

and administration of present and fut4e Presidential libraries

became obvious. The Presidential Library Act of 1955 was the

notion chosen to meet this need. The at authorized the General

13

NT-

12

Services Administration

"to accept for deposit... the papers and other historicalmaterials of any President of former. President of theUnited States, or of any other official or former officialof the Government, and other papers relating to and contemporarywith any President or former President of the UnitedStates, subject to restrictions agreeable to the Administrationas to their use; and ... to accept for... the UnitedStates, any land, buildings, and equipment offered as a(Lift to the United States for the purposes of creatinga Presidential archival depository, and to take title tosuch land, buildingai'And equipment on behalf of theUnited States, and to maintain, operate, and protectthem ab Presidential archival property."

The GSA was also permitted to "enter into agreements with any

state, political subdivision, foundation, or institution 'to

utilize as a Presidential archival depository land, buildings,

and equipment... to be made available... without transfer

of title to the United States, and to maintain, operate, and'

protect such depository as a part of the national archives

system."28 This act of 1955 provides .n very liberal basis

for the development of Presidential libraries (Jones criticizes

it as too liberal), and under this law all three presidents

since Truman,plus President. Hoover, have established or.had

established for them Presidential libraries, either actual or

proposed.

Two of these new Presidential libraries aro. open, but not

yet in full operation. The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library is

part of Eisenhower Center, which includes the Eisenhower Museum

and the' family home. It has a small exhibit area complementing

the Museum. Its research, facilities were opened An 1966,:but

they were still fragmentary. Like all new libraries the

Eisenhower Library is having growing pains.29

1 el

13

The Herbert Hoover Library is located in Hoover Park,

which includes within its twenty-eight acres the birthplace

cottage. The exhibit areas are open, but the papers are not yet

available. When the Hoover papers are made available for

research, they will not be complete. His collection of war

and pence documents was given to Stanford University years ago.

Even though built, the Hoover Library is still in the formative

stages, 30

Th( two newest Presidential libraries have not yet been

built, but after they are finally in operation, both have the

potential to reach new heights among Presidential libraries.

Both will be connected with major universities..

The John F. Kennedy Memorial Library will be connected with

1..):44671fiedy Institute for Advanced Political Studies at Harvard

University. Both are to be built on a site on the Charles

River in Cambridge. The plans have been developed, but constrution

has been delayed because the site is still in use as a subway

train yard.31

The Lyndon B. Johnson Library will be built at Austin. It

will be adjacent to and intimately connected with the Lyndon

B. Johnson School of Public Service which will be built at the

same time. The Johnson Library could well be the biggest and

best so far.32

The Rutherford B. Hayes Memorial Library is the maverick.

It was the first Presidential library, find in many respects is

the archetype of the Presidential libraries described above,

with one important difference. It was erected by the state of

Ohio in fulfillment of the conditions under which the Hayes

15

estate, Spiegel Grove, was deeded to the state of Ohio. It is

operated under the joint auspices of the Ohith Archaeological

and Historical Society and the Rutherford B. Hayes - Lucy Webb

Hayes Foundation and was opened on May 30, 1916. It is not

associated with the National Archives and Records Service, and

is thUs a private, not a public, institution.33

However, there 'are many similarities between the policies

and organization of the Hayes Library and those of the other

Presidential libraries. It aims to become a major resource

center in American history for the period 1865-1898. Furthermore,

it too has a special interest: to preserVe the records and history

of the Sandusky Valley and:northwestern Ohio. The Hayes Library

is coMpiling a union catalog of every imprint dated within its

period, and it purchases microfilm copies of other perttiDent

collections-i----Over 400,000 manuscript pieces are contained in

the Hayes Library. The Hayes collection has been microfilmed,

and copies of the films may be purchased.34 Thus the Hayes

Memorial Library is an active and successful Presidential library.

It stands as not'only the prototype of the modern Presidential

library but also'as an example of what might have been had other

Presidents and theirfkmilies had more foresight.

The Presidential library is a small, highly specialized

institution created to fulfill a specific need - the care and

preservation of the vital records of the Presidency. Furthermore,

they are and are intended to be primaryliesource centers for

the study of: the whole period which they cover, And they will.

become increasingly important as they gain experience and as

more of them reach full operation.' Their vigorOus acqUisitions

16

15

programs and the removal of restrictions on access to material

will make them even more valuable. As small, specialized

institutions they are better able to provide competent, professional

personal service to the scholars who use them. However, they!

.frre.

have experienced, are experiencing, and will continue to experience

growing pains. The restrictions placed on materials are perhaps

necessary, but very annoying, and definitely limit the effectiveness

of the collection. 35 The rapidly growing cost of establishing new

centers may also hamper development.

The Presidential libraries are new and vigorous institutions,

and so far they have been quite successful. It seems certain that

future Presidents will continue to take advantage of this method

of preserving %the records of their administration.

17

Footnotes

IR. D. W. Connor, "The Franklin D. Roosevelt Library,"American Archivist, 3 (April, 1940), 84,

-Herman Kahn, "The Presidential Library - A New Institution,"Special Libraries, 50 (March, 1959), 107.

3Elizabeth B. Drewry, "The Role of Presidential Libraties,"The Midwest Quarterly, 7 (October, 1965), 56, 60; H. G. Jones,The Records of a Nation: Their Management, Preservation andUse(New York: Atheneum, 1969), p, 165; Philip C. Brooks,"The Harry S. Truman Library - Plans and Reality," AmericanArchivist, 25 (January, 1962), 31.

4Drewry, "Presidential Libraries," 62; Jones, Records,

p. 145; Virginia R. Cole, "Presidential Libraries," Special,Libraries, 59 (November, 1968), 693.

Stones, Records, p.',164,

6Kahn, "Pres

Records Service,U. S. Government'RecordsService,Government PrintiRecords Service,U. S. GovernmentRecords Service,U. S. GovernmentDiscusses Preside29 (Fall, 1967),

Idential Library," 106; National Archives andThe Harry S. Truman. Library (Washington:Printing Office, 1960); National Archives andThe Herbert Hoover Library (Washington: U. S.na Office, 1963); National Archives andThe Dwight D. Eisenhower Library (Washington:Printing Office, 1964); National Archives andThe Franklin D. Roosevelt Library (Washington:Pringting Office, 1966); "U.S. Archivistntial Libraries, Papers," Texas Libraries,169.

7Drewry, "Presidential Libraries," 62.

8Cole, "Presidential Libraries," 691, 695; Drewry,

"Presidential Libraries," 64.

693.9Brooks, "Truman Library," 32; Cole,'"Presidential Libraries,"

10Kahn, "Presidential Library," 106; Philip Lagerquist,

"The Harry S. Truman Library," Library Journal, 83 (January 15,1958), 144 -5.

11Jones, Records, p. 147

12Kahn, "Presidential Libraries," 107-8; Waldo Gifford

Leland, "The Creation of the Franklin. D. Roosevelt Library!

18

17

A,Personal Narrative," American Archivist,. 18 (January, 1955),25; Jones, Records, p. 148; Drewry, "presidential Libraries," 55.

"Johes, Records, p. 148-9; Connor, "Roosevelt Library," 88.

1/1.Jones, Records, p..150; Frances Bromiley, "The History

and Organization of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde ParkNew York" (unpublished Master's thesis, Western Reserve University,1959), p. 14.

15Jones, Records, p4 151; National Archives, Second AnnualReport of the Archivist of the United States as to the FranklinD, Roosevelt Library, 1940-1941 (Washington: US GovernmentPrintinwOffice, 1942), pp. 10-13.

16National Archives, First Annual Report of the Archivistof the United States DS to; the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library,1939-1240 (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1941),p. 2; National Archives, Second Annual Report, Roosevelt Librau,p. 14; Bromiley, "Roosevelt Library," pp. 20-25.

17Drewry, "Presidental Libraries," 63; Natiohal Archives andRecords Service, Roosevelt Library.

18Le1and, "Roosevelt Library," 27.

19Jones, Records1 p. 154,

20Herman'Kahr4 "World War II and Its Background: Research

Materials at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and PoliciesConcerning Their Use," American. Archivist, 17 (April, 1954),159; Coly, ."Presidential Libraries," 692; Kahn, "PresidentialLibrary. 112_L_Drawry, "Presidential Libraries," 63.

21Kahn, " Presidential LibrarW,' 112; Kahn, "RooseveltLibrary," 158.

22Brooks,, "Truman Library," 33.

23Harry S. Truman. Library Institute Research Newsletter,No. 14 (Independence, Missouri: Harry S. Truman Library Institute,1969), pp 1-7; Philip D. Lagerquist, "Thq Harry S. Truman.Library.as a Center for Research on the American. Presidency,College and Research Libreries,.25 (January, 1964), 35-36.

. I

13

24Brooks, "Truman Library," 32-4.

25Ibid., 30; Lagerquist, "Truman Library and AmericanPresidency," 34.

26Ibid 36; Harry S. Truman Library Institute, ResearchNewqlet.tQr, No. 14.

27Richard S. Kirkendall, "A Second Look at PresidentialLibraries," American Archivist, 29 (July, 1966), 375 6, 384-6.

28Jones, Records, p. 156.

29National Archives and Records Service, Eisenhower Library;William D. Aeschbacher, "Presidential Libraries: New Dimension inResearch Facilities," The Midwest Quarterly, 6 (January, 1965),206, 210-11.

3°Ibid 206; National Archives and Records Service,Hoover Library.

31Library Journal, 93 (August, 1968), 2789.

.32"Johnson Presidential Library Plans Announced," Texas

Libraries, 29 (Spring, 1967), 4-5; "Johnson PresidentialLibrary Will Feature Museum," Texas Libraries, 29 (Fall, 1967),172-4,

33Lagerquist, "Truman Library and American P33; Buford Roidand, "The Papers of the PresidentsArchtviSt, 13 (July, 1950), 205; letter from JameSpecial Libraries,. 60 (April, 1969), 249.

31l'Fred W.Annual. Report,125; Bromiley,

residency,"," Americans B. Rhoads,

Shipman, review of Hayes Memorial Library1939-40, American Archivist, 4 (April, 1941),"Roosevelt Library," 4.

;35Richard S. Kirkendall, "Presidential Libraries - OneReseaher's Point of .View," American Archivist, 25 (October,!19M), 448; Kahn, "Presidential Library," 113; Kirkendall,."Second Look," 371.

19

Sources Cited

Books

Jones, H. G. The Records of a Nation. Their Management,Preservation, and Use. New York: Atheneum, 1969.

Journal Articles

Aeschbacher, William D. "Presidential Libraries: New Dimensionin Research Facilities." The Midwest Quarterly, 6 (January1965), 205-14.

Brooks, Philip C. "The Harry S. Truman Library - Plans and Reality."American Archivist, 25 (January, 1962), 25-37.

Cole, 'Virginia R. "Presidential Libraries." Special Libraries,59 (November; 1968), 691.7.

Connor, R. D. W. "The Franklin D. Roosevelt Library." AmericanArchivist, 3 (April, 1940), 81-92.

Drewry, Elizabeth B. "The'Role of Presidential Libraries."The Midwest Quarterly, 7 (October, 1965), 53-65.

"Johnson Presidential Library Plans Announced." Texas Libraries,29 (Spring, 1967), 3-7.

"Johnson Presidential Library Will Feature Museum." TexasLibraries, :29 (Fall, 1967), 172-80.

Kahn, Herman, "The Presidential Library - A New Institution."Special Libraries, 50 (March, 1959), 106-13.

"World War II and Its Background :Research Materialsat the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and Policies ConcerningTheir Use." American Archivist, 17 (April, 1954), 149-62.

Kirkendall, Richard S. "A Second Look at Presidential Libraries."American Archivist, 29 (July, 1966), 371-86.

. "Presidential Libraries - One Researcher's Point ofView." American Archivist, 25 (October, 1962), 441-8.

Lagerquist, Philip. "The Harry S. Truman Library." Library,Journal, 83 (January,15,.1958), 144-7.

. "The.Harry S. Truman Library as a Center for Researchon the American, Presidency," College and Research Libraries,25 (January, 1964) , 32-6.

Leland, Waldo Gifford. "The Creation of the Franklin D. RooseveltLibrary: A Personal Narrative." American Archivist, 18(January 1955), 11-29.,.

21

20

Library Journal, 93 (August, 1968), 2789.

Rhoads, James B. Letter. Special Libraries, 6o (April, 1969) e 249.

Rowland, Buford. "The Papers of the Presidents." AmericanArchivist, 13 (July, 1950), 195-211.

Shiptan, Fred. W. Review of Hayes Memorial Library, knnualReport, 1939-40. American Archivist, 4 (April, 1717 125.

"U.S. Archivist Discusses Presidential Libraries, Papers."Texas Libraries, 29 .(Fall, 1967), 169-71.

Thesis

Bromiley, Frances. "The History and Organization of the FranklinD. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York." Master'sThesis, Western Reserve University, 1959.

. Reports' and Pamphlets

Harry S. Truman Library Institute. Research Newsletter. No. 14.Independence, Missouri.: The Harry 'S. Truman Library Institute:July, 1969.

National Archives. First Annual Report of the Archivist of theUnited States as to the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library,1939-1940. 'Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1941.

Second Annual Report of the Archivist of the UnitedStates as to the Franklin. D. Roosevelt Library, 1940-1941.Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1942.

NationaliTshirnlagtOenc:V.LSGro=enMenililrFranklin

lc:ooglalt

The Dwight D. EiseGovernment Printing Off

7nrre

The Harry S. Truman.Printing Office, 1960.

Eisenhower Libraa. Washington: U.S.ice, 1964.

n Library. Washington: U.S. Government

. The Herbert Hoover Library. Washingtoni U.S..GovernmentPrinting Office, 1963.

The Presidential Libraries

Private Papers

John WebbDecember 3, 1969Lib 507

23

The Presidential Libraries

Private Papers

The Presidential libraries present an interesting case

study in the problem of private papers. These form a very

important part of their holdings. and as we shall, see, in

one sense they are what the Presidential library is all about.

In the first pl ace, beginning with George Washington.

"the papers of our Presidents have been oonaidered their

personal property, a concept which has been upheld in the

courts of law." The President may "give" his paPirs to the

notion by depositing them in a Presidential library especially

established for that purpose, but they still remain his

(or his heirs) personal property. They are his private property

in the White House and afterwards, and he may do with them

as he wishes. 1 Thus, the Presidential papers are not archives

(although they may be very arohival like, as will be noted

below), but private papers' and if the Presidential libraries

held only the Presidential papers. they would be important

manuscript centers.

Blt, the Presidential libraries have other important

papers. For instance, the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential

papers saki' 'Up only about fifty percent of the total asnusaript

holdings of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. The papers of

24

Harry Hopkins and Henry Morgenthau, Jr., are examples of other

important papers held by this library.2 As of September, 1938

(which, unfortunately, is the date of the latest available

detailed figures) papers in the Roosevelt Library were arranged

in forty eight groups. Sixteen of these groups were the

private papers of sixteen aides and associates of the President,

and ten groups contained the nonaPresidential Roosevelt papers.

The January, 1969, figures of the Truman Library show that of

1,6 total groups, eighty six contain private papers and two are

non - Presidential Truman papers. Oh the same date, the Eisenhower

Library contained 141 groups of papers. Fifty of these were

the paPers of private individuals, and eight groups were the

noh,Presidential papers and manuscripts of Dwight Eisenhower.

As of March, 1969, there were fortymix groups of materials in

the 'Hoover Library. Twenty seven groups were of private papers.

and five were the nonaPresidential Hoover papers.' Appendix A

Shows typical pager from the list of historical materials in

the Truman Library.'

The papers of private individuals, then, are obviously

important resources of the Presidential libraries. These papers

"are deposited under legal agreements on access similar to

those far the Presidential papers. The (sensations are handled

with the same oars for their integrity as for that of archives."

The papers deposited by private individuals are given the

Presidential treatment, and this has, induced some donors to

deposit their papers there rather'than elsewhere.4 The Presidential

papers, which, as we have seen, are really private papers, and

25

At+

their entourage of other important historical materials, give

to the Presidential libraries their key characteristic - that

of being vital manuscript research centers.

Their acquisitions help keep them vital. For our purposes

the interesting thing about these acquisitions is that what

they are trying to acquire - besides reference tools - are

more private papers. The 1955 Presidential Libraries Aot

provides a kind cf broad charter which authorizes and guides

Presidential library acquisitions. It empowers the Administrator

of General Services "1 to accept for deposit... the papers and

other historical materials of any President or former President...

ar ,of, any. other offielal or former offloial of the Government,

and other papers relating to and contemporary with any President

or former President... subject to restrictions agreeable to

the Administrator as to their use...."5

The mere of, the President, of course, come automatically

to the Presidential, library « that bliins the reason for its

establishment. To acquire the other papers require. an so.

quisitions.policy. This polioy is predicated on the general

ale,Ofall the Presidential librariessito retain the record

in all its detail for leiter interpretation by the user,"6

In general., the Presidential libraries sere interested in

acquiring the papers of those persons and organisations that

played a nationsil, pignificant role in the period of the

public life" of the President.? More specifically, the Roosevelt

Library olaiam that its aoquisition polioy

is largely confined to historical material relatingto national and international aspects -of Americanhistory from 1933 to the end of Worlt War II, and

26

a5

significant background material of earlier date (beginningabout 1910) that throws light on the political, social.economic, and other changes occurring in the UnitedStates during the later periods the public life andinterests of Franklin D. Roosevelt, including hisphilanthropic, soientitio, and cultural activities.

political campaigns in which he took part, and his servicein public office, with special emphasis on, his admin-tstration as President of the United 8tatesi the privatelife and ,interests, of Franklin D. Roosevelg and ofmembers of his family and his progenitors.

The Trulin Library bays, simplys "We are seeking to acquire

as many pirsOnal papers as possible of men and women associated

with Mr. Truman at one time or another before, during, or

after his presidency. "9

These braid, ambitions acquisition policies have led to

aggresaite aijipaigns by the Presidential libraries to acquire

relettant materials. They are aided by the fact that the

Presidential peperi ire such impeztant collections that they

tind to attract a sort of arChlial law of gravity other

closely related and complimentary collections of papers."

Theis twolaotorm have led to fears on the part of other

manudoript collectors especially state and local historical

societies that the Presidential libraries are threats to

their very existence. They seem to feat that there are not

enough private papers to go around, and that the Presidential

libraries Are'unfair eOmpetittbn in the manuscript market."'

The effective rejoinder, both from scholars and from archivists

connoted with the'Presidential'llbraries, has been that

aonipettOon for manusoripti is a healthy.iltuition so long

ee' 'they lire' put where they can be cared for adequatelys that

partly., 1,00i200 of the inoreeeed.,intireit An manuscripts more

money is'flOwitifinto-eihOlarly reirohs'and that there will

27

24.

always be competition, anal that the decision about where to

place his pspere must be left up to the donor.12

The Presidential libraries have several obvious strengths

whichlavor the success of theirOquisitiokprogramA. Since

they concentrate on a specific subject area within a limited

period of time, they are able to develop staffs who are

specialists in the history of that particular subject and period.

Thus, on the, manuseripts,of,that,subject and.period they can

OVID such papers Immediate. and effective care the Presidential

treOmant,.as we stated above. Furthermore, these papers that

lee the :papers, of aides,. associates, .advisors,' and ,close friends

seembe.themopt useful when placed Asp', the presidential

Mere*. Finally, the presidential libraries, give.immediate

serviceo.inquirtes,givirig direst. personalised ,service to

those:seholars who: visit .the.libraries, and funis0,08 microfilm

to thOee..who,requestjt,1'3

In this. last: point, probably lies the answer to: one of the

reellexing,preblems in the acquisition of manuseripts; where

should :the_papers,go?:In.which ,inetitution do they Belong?

pndoubtedly in rxii4Ly .eases zab PIThilPs in most there is no -1-,

single "right place" fOr a collection. of papers, They might

logioally belong in several institutions!i. .The.U4e of .microfilm

allowe'copies of thepspers.tobe made available cheaply and

efficiently. If a collection of papers is useful in more than

one pleeelo, eiarofilmallows its_dissedationto those plies.

where it. will bevomed.. J7or example,_ as of January. 1969, the

Truman Library ha*.aoquired forty groups Of papers on mierotilm.

28

These included installments of Presidential papers from the

Library of Congress and many other groups of private papers.

Some of the letter were groups of papers from the Roosevelt

Library relating to President Truman.lit

Using microfilm,

libraries and historiel societies may acquire relevant papers

which are held in other institutions for their collections.

Some authors emphasize the legal and technical differences

between archives and private papers. 15 However, the prevalent

opinion . and the one held in the Presidential libraries seems

to be that "The differences between manuscript collections and

archives are not nearly so important as the elements that

manuscripts and archival materials have kn'co4m0s. For

instance, the Presidential papers are often the only records

of Presidential actions that mast, and, therefore, they are

very archival . like in nature. The papers of Presidential

aides, advisors, and associates are often likewise semi.offioial

in nature.' Consequently, arrangement and description of the

Presidential and other. private papers in the Presidential

libraries closely follow archival principles.

Richard Berner holds that the bibliographic unit of

both archives and manuscripts is the group, and that groups

are made up of series, series of file units, and these latter,

of items. A manuscript group is the equivalent of an archival

record group, and provenance, should be respected. The original

order should be respected if possible, but if rearrangement

IS necessary, it should reflect the activity of the person.

T. R. Sohellenberg essentially Agrees, and he adds that, if

23

a?

series are not present, they should be established taking

into account the "arrangement of reoords,11.. their reoord

type, and their origin in aotivity...." Of course, these

are good archival principles."

The arrangement of papers in the Presidential libraries

essentially follows these principles. As can be seen in

Appendix A, for example, the group is the unit of bibliographic

control. In the Truman Library, each group consists "of the

papers of one person or organization, or one manageable

segment of the Truman papers, The numbering of the groups

is not signifolant, being simply an administrative conmenienoe."19

Dwight M. Miller of the, Hoover Library states that no

two manuscript collections, are arranged ezastly the samebecause they are not all exactly alike. However, archival

principles apply to all manusaript collections, and these

prineiples are based on map0 des fonds. Only when oolleotions

are received by the Hoover Library in .a state of complete

disarrangement do the archivists there abandon, the original

order. In those cases. the most usual method of prooessing la

placing them in alphabetical sequenoe within a series

arrangement." With very large bodies of papers such as the

former President's own papers several groups are formed based

on chronology, series are formed within the groups, and the

materials arranged alphabetically within the seriesen

Arrangement of private papers in the Presidential libraries,

then, is based on archival prinoiples and these paperi are

very similar to archives,

Description obviously also follows archival practices.

Berner has stated that archivists and manuscript librarians

"really seek to reveal the same kind of data, but that the

manuscript librarian needs to reveal more of some types

particularly eases and subjects than does the archivist."

He further declases that the chief finding aid for manuscript

groups should be the preliminary inventory ...- as with arohives.21

Although nothing In the Presidential library literature

indicates that they give the special attention to names and

subjects that Berner advocates (possibly beoause their private

papers are in general so highly specialized and archival in

nature), their practices generally pars/lel his guidelines.

The evolution of descriptive. materials In a Presidential

library spy be studied by examining the most advanced of these

institutions the Roosevelt Library* In 1949, the Library

reported that descriptive guides to its collections had been

'drafted a a year before the Presidential papers were opened to

^2110eareh. It reportild that inventories and calendars were

al3c being prepared* The descriptilleaguldes,are probably the

same group descriptions that Francis Bromiley inoluded in her'

1959 thesis on the Roosevelt Library. Real description includes

the, following informations title of the groups a paragraph

about the poops of the papers in the group; and a general

description of the contents, including the existence of series.

She also reported that three-part-shelf lists had been made for

the Presidential papers. The tkiNme,patfte were an alphabeticaland

sub sot listing, list or the correspondentsAa numerical

list of accession numbers. Shelf lists were also rude for

31

30

other large groups. In 1965, the Library Indimitte4 ith

finding aids, present and future, included lists, inventories,

descriptive accounts, and indexes.22

The Hoover Library the newest of the Presidential

libraries in operation in its own building provides an

interesting example of "first generation" finding aids. The

first is a list of holdings much like that in Appendix A.

The second is a set of Registration Statements, one for each

archival group. Each Registration Statement contains the title

of that particular group; fairly detailed description, including

whether the group is divided into series, and the series

description; inclusive dates; the else of the group; the donor;

restrictions on use; and related records, if applicable. An

example of one of these Registration Statements is included

in Appendix B.

Future, more sophisticated descriptive materials to be

issued will be, first, "completed shelf or folder title lists

for all collections open to research," and then a comprehensive

guide to the holdings of the Hoover Library. Eventually, they

hope to publish a "detailed history" of the Hoover paperi23

The Presidential librarleCoontain extensive holdings

of private papers ft the papers of the Presidentsineluded.

These papers are extremely valuable as research resources, and

they groin important partcf "the records of nation."

They therefore deserve end are accorded the finest anmlytioal

treatment available. Their archival -like nature is recognised,

and they are arranged and desoribed using accepted archival

32

prinoiples and teohniques. The Presidential libraries pursue

aggressive yet seleotive, acquisition policies to add collections

of papers to their holdings which will enhance the overall

research value of their institutions. Their aim in acquiring

these papers is to become research institution in their

areas ftw to make their holdings as nearly selfsustaining as

possible. In the few short years of their existence, the

Presidential libraries have become among the most important

depositaries 'of private papers in the country.

33

Footnotes

iPhilip P. Lagerquist, "The Homy S. Truman Library,"linrary _pmrnal, 83 (January 15, 1958), 1448 Francis Bromiley,"The Rlstory and Organization of the Franklin D. RooseveltLibrary, Hyde Perk, New York" (unpalished Master's Thesis,Western Reserve University , 1959) , pl 268 Herman Kahn, "ThePresidential Library mm A New Institution," i!". .. el

50 (March. 1959). 106; H. G. Jones, ; vflffniF1V14,The _f_.e9, t e a i . .. w 'or 1 eneumr

p . a paper w ea only with the fourPresidential libraries operated by the National Archives andRecords Service for which there is significant (find available)operating experience. These four ores the Franklin D. Boosevelti.../ bro-qthe Harry S. Trumankpibrary, the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library,and the Herbert Hoover Library.

Icahn,. "Presidential Library." 112; U. S., GeneralServioes Administration, Notional Archives and Records Service,!k- , 1 _-. _ ; ;- 1 tfe : . , = . t , U te oFcirrmliwirinct .. I if II 4 114 17717M11111-C.1.5 C.11. a n8overnmen =r n ag Cr 00 . 13..

3 1Bromiley, 'Roosevelt Library." PP. 73-1038 Harry S.Truman Library Institute.

, No. 13 (Indepe ence, ssour t Harry umanmiry. nstitute, Janusry, 1969)..ppl 1-58 U. S., General

Service,Adminiairation, NatiOnal Arohives and Reciords Service,Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, "Historical. Materials," Abilene,Kansas, January 1, 1969. (Mimeographed.); U. S., GeneralBarytes' Administration, National Archives and Records Service,Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, "List of Holdings andRegistration Statements," West Branch, Iowa, March 18, 1969.(Xeroxed.)

Philip C. Brooks, "The Harry S. Truman Library mm Planaand Reality," AmaamAxsilILUAI,- 25 (Januery,1962),. 32.

5Jones, pecorge, p. 156.

6Elisabeth B. Drewry. "The Hole of Presidential Libraries,"

Th23241tes19ALWt, 7 (October, 1965), 62.

7"Acquisition Policies of Presidential Libraries," inJames H. Rodabaugh, ed., Aconference on certain probliii[liitiliWoilair-ag4-464'ork in

33

the United States (Madison, Wisoonsins The American Associationfor State and Local History. 1959), 38.

U. S., National Archives.,1 t t 0 a o

4111777411111Caeitla;

P.ng ons Governmen

93rooks, "Truman Library," 31.

00t

10"Acquisition Policies," 37, 40.

J111..A "AJC 38.Axwoll 35,

12all.. 38; Drewry, "Presidential Libraries," 581Richard -&-Kirkendall, "Presidential Libraries ft OneResearcher's Point of View," litm...41494Egatat, 25 (October,1962), 442.3.

-aoquisition Policies," 36.9.

14Truman Library Institute, TriimagIAMnx,NvisAstter,NO. 13, ppe 5*6; Harry S. Truman LiUrary Institute. 44,127,fik

ti es, (Independence, Missourisrry um. n rary ns u October. 1961), p. 2.

i5Brooks, "Truman Library," 37 $ Heiman Kahn, "World War IIand. Its BackgroundsResearoh Materials at the 'Franklin D.Roosevelt Library and. Policies Concerning their Use," Amer/0ARArchivist,* 17 (April, 1954), 151.

"Richard C. Berner, "Archivists, Librarians, and theMotional Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections," AmpylomArchirigtA 27 (July. 1964) . 409.

17Lagerquist, "Truman Library," 144.

°Richard C. Berner, "Manuscripira Collections and ArchivesA Unitary Approach."9 taPrinS. 1965). 213* 8 e e rg.

(New Yorks Columbia University Press, pp5.

19Truman Library Institube &Am LibiarY4aws4epter.

October, 1961, p. 4.

20Lotter From Dwight M. Miller, Senior Archivist, HerbertHoover Presidential Library, dated December 1. 1969.

5C

21Berner, "NUCMC," 405..6; Berner, "Menusoript Collections," 219.

22Notional Archives.massaz, p. 7i Rromiley, "Rooseve rery pp 73.1031Draft*. "Presidential Libraries," 63.

2Hoover Library, "List of Holdings."

36

35

Appendix A

List of Historical MaterialsHarry 8. Truman Library

37

3Group Cubic Feet

26. Records of the President's Commission on Migratory Labor,1950-51 5

27. Records of the President's Committee on Religion andWelfare in the Armed Forces, 1948-51 14

28. Records of the Missouri Basin Survey Commission,1952-53 11

29. Records of the Harry S. Truman Library, Inc., 1950-63 2430. Papers of Jesse M. Donaldson, 1947-52 1

31. Papers of John D. Clark, 1946-52 4 1

32. Records of the President's Scientific Research Board,1946-47 7

33. Records of the President's Water Resources PolicyCommission, 1950-51 20

34. Papers of Samuel I. Rosenman, 1944-49 2

35. Records from the Democratic National Committee, 1943-52 9

36. Papers of Frank McNaughton, 1938-52 8

37. Papers of Charles G. Ross, 1945-50 2.

38. Papers of Stephen J. Spingarn, 1933-67 2339. Records of the Washington Office of the Cooperative

League of the United States, 1936-49 (permission required) 59

40. Papers of Wallace J. Campbell, 1939-64 (permission required) 26

41. Papers of Oscar L. Chapman, 1931-53 (permission required) 4242. Papers of Myron G. Taylor, 1938-52 (closed) 1

43. Papers of Charter Heslep, 1945-50 1

44. Papers of Henry A. Bundschu, 1939-56 less than1

45. Papers of Lina D. Adams, 1940-62 less than1

46. Papers of J. Howard McGrath, 1934-52 7547. Papers of Alfred Schindler, 1934-55 1148. Papers of Edwin A. Locke, Jr., 1941-53 2

49. Papers of Nathaniel P. Davis, 1916-57 less than1

50. Records of the Harry S. Truman Library Institute forNational and International Affairs, 1955-67 5

51. .Papers of Frieda Hennock, 1948-55 9

52. Papers of John M. Redding, 1943-58 9

53. Papers of James E. Webb, 1928-63 3354. Papers of Stanley Andrews, 1950-64 1

55. Papers of James Boyd, 1927-67 5

56. Papers of Edward D. McKim, 1940-63 less than1

57. Papers of Dillon S. Myer, 1943-53 less than1

58. Papers of Joseph M. Jones, 1947-48 1

59. File of White House Press Releases, 1945-53 3

60. Papers of N. T. Veatch, 1926-33 less than

61. Records of the National Aircraft War Production 1

Council, 1942-45 10

r:

51

Appendix H

Registration Statement

Herbert Hooter Library

39

The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library Registration of AG 4

CAMPAIGN AND PRE-INAUGURAL PAPERS, 1928-1929

Description:

Correspondence, clippings, printed material, speeches, press releasesrelating to Herbert Hoover's activities during the 1928 campaign, theSouth American Goodwill Tour, cabinet appointments, and other pre-inauguration activities.

Campaign files. Filed in six series; (1) congratulations onnomination; (Z) subject files, Washington, D. C. , office,March-November 1928; (3) comments and suggestions, Stan-ford University office, July-August, 1928; (4) comments andsuggestions, Washington, D. C. office, August-November,1928; (5) congratulations on election, special California file;(6) letters of appreciation to State Republican organizations,1923.

Pre-Inauguration correspondence. Filed in three series:(1) individual and subject Me, January-March, 1929; (2)cabinet appointments.; and (3) South American GoodwillTour, November-December, 1928.

Inclusive dates: March, 1928- Quantity: 38 linear feetMarch 1929 Donor: Herbert Hoover

Restrictions':

See Restriction Statement, The Herbert Hoover Papers.

NLH - March 1969

40

31

Sources Cited

Books

Jones, H. G. The Records of a Nation. Their Management,;reservation, and Use. New YorksAtheneum, 1969.

Sohellenberg, T. R. The Management of Archives, New YorksColumbia University Press, 1965.

Articles

"Acquisition Policies of Presidential Libraries." In RodabaughJames H., ed. The Present World of History. A conferenceon certain problems in historiesl agency work in theUnited States. Madison, Wisoonsins The American Associationfor State and Local History, 1959. 3462.

Berner. Richard C.Union CatalogArchivist, 27

"Archivists, Librarians, and the Nationalof Manuscript Collections." American(July, 1964), 401.9.

"Manuscript Collections and Archives -4. A Unitary---"-Igroisch." Library Resources and Technical Services,

9 (Wing, 1965). 21340.

Brooks, Philip C. "The Harry S. Truman Library Plans andReality." American Arohivist, 25 (January, 1962), 25-37.

Drewry, Elisabeth B. "The Role of Presidential Libraries."The Midwest Quarterly. 7 (October, 1965). 53.455.

Kahn, Herman. "The Presidential Library -- A New Institution."Special Libraries, 50 (March, 1959). 1064.13.

"World War II and Its Backgrounds Research Materialsa the FrankltngD. Roosevelt Library and Policies Concerningtheir Use." American Arohivist, 17 (April, 1954) . 149.62.

Kirkendall, Richard 8. "Presidential Libraries i.e. One Researcher'sPoint of View." American Archivist, 25 (Ootober,1962).

Lagerquist. Philip P. *The Harry S. Truman Library." LibraryJournal, 83 (January 15, 1958), 144..7.

Reports

Harry S. Truman Library Institute. Harry S. Truman LibraryResearch Newsletter. Independence, Missouri: Harry S.Truman Library Institute,'October, 1961.

Harry S. Truman Library Research Newsletter. No. 13.---TaTependence, MissourisHarry So, Truman Library Institute,

January, 1969.

U. S. General Servioes Administration. National Archives andReoords. Service.- Dwight D. Eisenhower Library. "HistoricalMeterialAs" Abilene, Kansas, JaamOry 1, 1969. (Mimeographed.)

U. Se General Services AdministrationOlitionel Archives andRecorda Servide. Herbert Hoover Pitsidential Library."List of Holdings and Registration Statements," WestBranch, Iowa, March 18, 19696' (Xere.Wed.)

U. S. General Services Administration. National Archives andRecordsvServios.' Tenth Annual Report of the Archivistof-the United States on the Franklin D. 'Roosevelt Library,1948.4949. Washingtons Government Printing Office, 1950.

,

U. S. National *Mitres. Ninth. Annual Report of the Archivistof the United States on the 'Franklin D. Roosevelt Library,19471948. Washingtons Government Printing Office, 1949.

Other

Bromiley. Francis, "The History and Organisation of the FranklinD. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York." UnpbblishedMaster's thesis, Western Reserve University, February, 1959.

latter. frois Dwight M. Millar, Senior Archivist, Herbert HooverPresidential Library. &scepter 1. 1969.

42

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12Q , 90010,500102 , 50r)110.57?,500

:La. 1.6522C " < T1.11

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f71 9tUre nf last E=7.:

chrtnpe .n ic ourit :.!;;; p oc not h jiz' (i o not.

ca n to imply thn t; the 0ha rse ..2.11.7nt I .1(?IJ ht

o 11.1. (.1 e ay 1;1.21. rc ) The NE.. t 1. c, 7. n t.3 n

opria 00`..` f 1 _LL.1

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or 1.970, 1v1/11:7; r- sted `,.;i1, , ; ? e1

.`3 el"; " ;he 196() n" 7 nnrs.

4 '5., .,""rr"4'7:".1 '""

I hr:..o,,,tler.1 work1oa:-.3s

:

o,,E1 of f

n ! , fele ,s.A1

" r v or s to the

.7.!.:11 Source of

0 }.1 1r));-:' - n ,,,Ixoendit17,17es

nc:3 01)1; fF. !:hnn those

- : ;In -1 .1; , ;, thougi,

n .1.3 ri!.:!s

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' t e

1 .7 c, t.. - ." ; - L, L.'.t 1

, r rl!- for

. (?, ,

.f7 , n -c,th

rc,:ceiv,7 f 1?,n1 pr1vati:2 for

12cnefit !:LC.

f

"Iri).st tr aoc

ld I n n c Fpncity .! Gov ernLp !:

I-r.,,.,rry I o P .purpor_:c f ft

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ry 1:0.112;e1.;..

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cf ,ffollr"s).

)

1-2qn

()

1970(estimate0)

.i7T). of In:Liars).

nr

51733050

1970L:timated)

7 vt -a-rt of the

809702

51

i,roporl.;:!.ou cf i-s..p,-,i3fL`.1rE from

rund a i for Ti: r.rofesional,

c3. clrical emploes of the rci ai libraries

are emi-;loyed by 7:J.ATI, and thus t:ney are part of tha federal

Civl Service. 7A113 recruits ca7'ee1' archivl from aill,-)ng

people wit} t last an M.A. in history at th- with

the understnaina- that after or ,ytai' of serve tho, will he

promo bed alAtomatiolly to the 7C-'2. leel.

trainins, ,1,7() years they .-t17. be cRfivancod LC c G-11 level.

Further advancement would cor!:. [ime and 3::1-1..erIce3.,r

In the arshlval rElztant pos:5±f.on, a technician en

.from a 7S-2 to a 2-11, one :Ya: 1 i. ti:ae.

twelve ceved)t hol.r..-,; of Ameri, tic,

41?

1;1; :s) 17.. A. nrA

1 " !

/ crie it, 1.

I '

6

nt. s 97. ry sched

PresIdentialT 3.96'g '1:ho av erase salary

, 1 -.vees a t thr.? f -- ;. 'T Ibraries wa s aboutr-rr rIV01.!2, from c'0,950 per year

IS... "'l r.? Tomi or Library The

4 15oho.

:10 ves 1::21,71rier..; - actual. and estimated -I 6

7 ;7: CI r.1 1_ bra T' ;:" -y r per 1. od .

1,..11,1.,7: , .).strates tt:at mos tof approp:riatefi 92:20 for

:,Yr7n1

LLL

Trumn

iooi-

1Q,.()r:

(estlato(1)1.22 , 000119, 000102 , 000

000

1966(,)stimated)

122,000119,000102,00088, 000

To n 111:1_ of th :1.S fins nc :I al_ :1. rf into the1", i:7:.(3 of a Pre. e ntia7. ibra pro'ba3qy

beyond the scope of the data presentea and beyond

t.h' ace aunt' n d iobili.tIes of !.7.11.:_ s a uthor tThn t Dr t7,3, rat,

to r ti/her, o1)h , is the 1 trz: 5 )'"c":(,) of 'W.) 12-1.!,) tre&,nrd to the ol;11, factors f::...7r , build in;:; , er1).1.1.1:1-:-1-, -

Lc) be d Iscl.assrA ther..:e. fa 71..uterloc;.:

ThLLb the budge t-, is the most !r:c.1 r of t;l:L!:.: grmp

for upon it r.411. tis others m20

budget will T.) t r-) nd hold 0 .'7.1.:33 Jy oUoff, ;;117. 01l.ow for

the 1. xls LI. tutl. on of 1ir DEA er , .-nry s , a r,C? 1 1. I.t1i La to

important

:12 1. 1irie wou.l.d seem

3' c f govern:Tent

-..)f the services

not be f orgotte n.

':;hor opeoh of this br cod -

of the Pre.sideLA,181

Laff 1;..; :rained

opc-...11.:Jon. Not

' 7 :1. IT or V "!" r! it3 trr-11)11-113

1(.1 archiv?..11.

r 1.1 C).1..(.1 1.1 rar-..1.:1(..,1..11.(ir n

o!.e P-e5:" 11"1.1.,y :.Thlf7.! to

oT,en s

r"

1 1 .n n(3 Ct.. co]

be ceneral 1.ler; for ;71.7.0i7

require me that if hold I or ncrea r.;(

be 'U Nor e!0

any guidelinc:s for de,terrlinin 1-,rofessional

staff In; ratios. Liko

for the Presidential libraries Lot coTplet-j,,,- Cl.yr1r.

Table V elou is s compc-).:..1.3::7:: fl:n1

bir..ns lje):1711.1.18s,

49

7 ,

1. r-1

12 r)

38

) f:.: : (1.'1 r;

1967) e s )

1 "4

1,0

, in c). o 247:- f 3 'with th OS

1.; r.-.)1.7 7-' 711) 2;-...3.y the

1 3

121010

qp.propia ti ono

_1. 111 c7).rloyes r.9,-(1 less

1;h1r

J, , .n,:17.1)(12, Director the

T n

!Th ...":".3117w01 qrchiVISts'v

7 7. C. 7.-: -r:' 1:. 1(9 c.-1.; c.).1

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e rry

17,7rfe;7;Eosiin flr,Ty f 1 .)./) 7,isenhoer

Ei7.1e5 71_:7enhc.)74e2 stff a

f nvofr-.11.,...)17; 10 .o.nn-r-r7.f.ncr3.1.Dr.11). 1

2nc.rrent stnf"

eleven fl..11-tit.-F, oix onrt

1.,etNern anr! nDn-1...)r .

riot

r!(.31 r: f the P 7 :7 :L;

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1.

a bit.

P-Y"eFiflflt.5.al

."!r n.l.y affect

J-, these

2,7 5 t.'r1ate1

'7; 5i Prsiietia1

ti n9 1. r_11 1. 7 xtes tic

I.,' If,' 17:1C.!

t

1 1 " 1 (.1 ) a.- I

or

a1-1

1.;.ra ,3fered to

Of C oniit i on

L^ (-1

;;;C, coo;

- 71.1!=. Frr ii fibraries

v ;31. 1 bC,-.)....).ct,:t..rnf--)1.1 al.:, 0).11:

F4nclfrom a

Th 1.0 nao ? a coep f or r :I's.; :11 l( Irit?- s .

I, R. 7ch:71.1bcr5..'s (.1 1an "or 1-.1;1;1. c)!-2

1...(1, t;; of c1. (-.)bjc;c::1. of 1)rf0:7

!Ise r n is n ts cut; OO( i. 1. t 1.7

-:.;1.t it rot 1:-:r;1 r.`,1r.::: very f.)-r r).3,

qLa1ity of a b 7.1 I x)3 -He ioo vio sortie

t}ouh h icJ.i , acccssIbi tL:(3.1 i'

11111 by of t1la 3.rig as cat n rL fr,n 7, -I

nrcitiv1 L.L1 ..!:1 ;-.:;1,1 0 aid

*-u...1.e or 1;h ib r the ra t r If.' t of

5.1

- Ma. re h. 1969

40

. ..

L., 7

j4 ty percent of

, and ad DO L'and (111 ot-,hr f unctions,

., 7 ur p n :::.sizes t:-)n

ts HOW do the Presidential

r. of is cr ite la?

lit cr 1 te ;Jnes fflre poorly indeed

'6 1;711. T:Lb:CiOro s a'7, much museums as

, Theis that the

.1oIa1 11bra:ries are v :pec5 ::ed institutions

t par U c f or tu i.a ;r.s1 s a nd the study

of the .)11 1U represo "eSpeclally

Rr=1.-'1111 1.17 ri C-t (..1 tin TT'l 1:h 219 11 The

seum heJ4u he r,7;sea-fchcr t ,]:,.ras.p th flavor of the period,

nd 1.1i:; n ispen or ro n i a 3_ library . 26

They are ra the r sina 11 b.1.113.,:.! ). nzs , arid :nise urn sections

C..!.S1 Ch are se pa ra tea from the ad !n1!.abrati "3 oloes s tar.!ks

and readinz and rosearch rooms. These are clIA:Itered and

1desned to serve as a research library .rr This acces-

sihility seems cpi te well taken care of In .i5entlsl

librarles.

6xpo n s lb 1. 1. ty is a pr omi ne t 17 en t u:re of t! le se bial

f our of them oow in. opera I: :1 hove l:read :i :=p1d r?,61

or are In the process of liav :3 tians bui t TilLs is

d one with prl.w4 te funds 28 1:1)!1r1.5..Q;s the L.] , tho Fr side nt lal

libreries are qui 1..;() s uc e s fs3f 1-17

E

Of the f our areas covered To L-is paper, , ecuil

52

ii-

fo',..-(n1 in all archives

:

:!'::1 by r1c.nt-11r7Inbftrg,

1.;:i:_os bir sed by

by Preident'al

..

1..y1 tlio National

vIcords.

r -ror(53,

H

''). 1. I,. (3: I 1. Icontruted of

y-L;a;)zF:

npproximntely

O f metal ana

,

c,r

J.1-e. a 600d

(2,:)n)1.

nnry CoL: .1.0*on2,fction.:1w8 c47 nrc'01.::

nvea,!,f1)

has.

p7r)4;ection., un LatrioD ystom,

nn3 aittomotIc ftre pl.ew7;1.1tiocrLi

thc! r;ire. stack 1,2oom

7tinute

qfter:12) 7.

DetrIontin:1 of pape-n, a lyrolplom

ar,,2 1, ibv=.1ry 'Lrstitl).tions,rrItar(le

0? n hishly

effiolent alr-conditioninEa

rr1t; lye 1.1u.mlJlty of 50 peon arid arnn,Ye

of betlfill 6C and 75 do. r, Fs and

Uo .o,er

Cther t.:;pccialorIW,.nment such

discsf:,.1 In 1:1.te Pr,.1s1denti.r.11.11.terat,

11);111d:1,.7!(1u1p11.2.-)nt,

ney

r":c7 tl"),C,1

tonic.s for:. ny

info'rmati:.)n may

ni1n a ll they

fairly well off

y

:11 1.

tuna this seems to

library buildlna's

9T? at least Iii part

s.or'num'her

1y.7fefitt.4r.

at hn 11J

judLr,m

oc' the Tlipment

However,

af.2yt',-.at there

, sa7.1

rn 1.7,r:7'7Yi1 1.101; 1-]'"!

A ref ore, that

Inst'Itutionswell-off .111 on.

7;07t? 7,711-off all the

The PresentThl 11:hrarls)-77t

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1-:' "' 3." rs o r..n" el t ibi-n-r- --v

on Tatioa1 Arch vesLibrrl:ry,

;. T.31flL- C Pii;.1;i cce , 1968 ) .

ln tho pamphletsllbraries.

,,,, ri t ;1' .92 c.),'" .. ; {2, O:'fice3 1969),

13, r.'nEtrol 73eport

P,clq.i.trstc)r of (W.as?!1;ton.:.7:-..'1D17717-7,7777, r'-2,4 ) 31' 1 to

r7; t-iiY2-.12 if th,T, 1.00lpts/

feer an3 nlso1:19o,-.;':' in

a from ha 'r't --yt& r I vl '1 1CI ()V -7.) r 1'" ',7'. 1:\ nr r.r"; -.7 ) '1?" n '7n : , . ... .

.

f Plc r,z, ,)c),

rztates-Govrrmnt

15Pi 11.E P "7c;onoroic 3tn17.1.1.7, of the Arc:h:i.val

P-ofesion, 1965-6," Araerc:lan C:n1A1. :11.1;Try, 1967),113; HouE.F1, C01111-I ttee on ApproPrintIonr.-3, 11).?::rY-!.':Ifltins for

i:7)6 6 'f"'r1"-i 305

,e

17,- na 1. A r c e s, Te nth A n ni).611. Report ,

Llbrary, ? ; T IL che7.... L.; , 1.:Iod ern. 5. 1(17737157r ki1ri.(111E-s (Chi,cago Uri e ty Chi c 0 75-61 ,p. th B. Drewry , 'Hol.4.7.1 of the Pi::Libraries The 12.7.11west Qua 7.rly , 7 (Cc t ob , 3.9 5 ) 6'-Day i P. L1o,TTarry r.,LbraryArchivist, 18 (Ap.r..11, 1955), 3.r)5.

18House , Connittee on Appl',-Tr1,)1:ion.s , A n..pri,)12,1 i.)H3

f or 12.(Zi.., Hearinc,s , p. 805; Hot-.o , 7--.:Imitte on A-.)proltions,LI.J2r oRria tic,ns f ca. j-6

19Le ttar C rel:.! William J. fl-,a-t

i. Is+,1 , '. : ^ , r 01,pr) ' , 4-,-,

J.' 1, 1.969 ; ony T.)!. ne,. .

Gt e !'. 7 1267, pp. 725, 727

4. a, " ,

'41 "r , A me?-.'1..c.',,a 11 Libra ry

11: .. ,' , o C alpa ny

T '.'11 1.1 .2 , LaL,,..nrst reported' Cr n t.; - :ry i1jeec

- ' red n f.' 1)11-time,,, :.::..1 (T P, , "Tile Harr;)

" il.Tr'n LT (. Jr) , 1958)

j , Re ord s of 150; La s tAdml.ntstration,

:r, of 77.' 7,---v_.1.r.. 3.962t'!,-..:;`,-;: .; na,er.lt; Offs , ; (J.

J's (1. nIA 17. , 1.1..(1 1. ,'LL..) .:" c.;1' Adralnistrotorof Gi e 1. T. v 7 %I. . : 0 0-; r

C

Jr17..f, v.-) f (-17'1 T , .2 Crea cri tila n

p. ;.3.(:),:pr.;;:7; 1 I. r, 7!:y ,; :Tarrn , " 1 t12 (J[APParY, 195rC), 233 1-s-AL'F;rq":""I' 145;130. ;:.; "T.A: ;-M 'n ,70.'; Fr 911'11 , " F.3 DI. re s

, 7 , (.11] o .Cl U. 7. , ;73P t orCarlson artlele 1...,71.cn7"::, 90th Cona.,1s se5v-7 Ji.r C 1967, Convrr3(7:sioncll 0:7:i, 15254.

oc.c t or C; oi (-)-; 'Archival

Planning,' 1,mer1cn'.1 ArcMvIst, (Octo-ber, 1.Yv , 475, 479;R. rc1:111c11TheY "Y,odern Arc?liv,91. 1i 1,

(1929), )9-90.

2 611.eul Ka1.t!., 'The Prel.!7.7o1 - 7J.).41.-It: on,,Spec!.al 1.,11,r.ori.e!7., 50 (E.airch, , 106; ,

Libra s ,

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CD -T rDiLf,es!-,

into the

90 t.1:, June Cey4ression11

Libralw - A

flpc.c1(41 Libl-flies, 50 (Erla'oh, 19",9),

LagerAu1.pt, Pni1Lp P. "Ti e Hori7y 0 Truirian r,ibray

Journal, 23 (January 1 l95),

Le1,9nd, WLIldo 7,1.i-ford. "The CT(.:a!;i0D of th., Y.:::[)11.1.! D. rloovelt

Lil;'.r..r.lcy A rvsonal Yb-r-2.9to"(Januar,v, 1.955), 11-27.

Lloyd, David D. '1:i' HaT'ryArc1j7iict1

1P, (April, 1955), 99-110.

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