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NEWSLETTER
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR AQUACULTURE No.1
Address: Dinhbang, Tuson, Bacninh, Vietnam
Phone: +84 3 827 3069; Fax: +84 3 827 3070
Email: [email protected]; website: www.ria1.org
RIA1 joined in the emergency national program to control the spread of an acute
hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS) affecting shrimps
Some biological characteristics and maintaining technique for super small size
Rotifer Proales similis
Effects of feed and stocking density on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia
fingerlings overwinter
Aquaculture technical support activities in the Republic of Rwanda, central Africa
ISSN 1859-4174
Issue 6
Apr - June 2012
2 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)
Printing license number: 37/GP-XBBT, 25 April 2011, Authority of Press, Ministry of Information and Communications
This document is copyrighted by Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1
No reproduce at any mean without agreement of Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1
In This Issue
Editor-in-Chief’s letter 4
News 5
Effects of feed and stocking density on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia fingerlings overwinter 8
Some biological characteristics and maintaining technique for super small size Rotifer Proales similis 9
Study on inducing the artificial spawning of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus 11
Research results of some common pathogens in hard clam Meretrix sp. in Hai Phong 12
The visiting of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to RIA1 14
Thesis defense ceremony for Master of Science in Aquaculture batch 19 14
The visiting of Uzbeks businessmen to RIA1 15
Program for filming team on Norwegian ODA in Vietnam 15
Study tour programme for Namibian delegates 16
The achievements of Building Bivalve Hatchery Production Capacity in Vietnam and Australia Project (FIS 2005/114) 17
Aquaculture technical support activities in the Republic of Rwanda, central Africa 21
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor-in-Chief
Phan Thi Van
Deputy Editor
Nguyen Huu Ninh
Editorial members
Nguyen Huu Nghia
Vu Thi Ngoc Lien
Tran Thi Kim Chi
Nguyen Thi Thu Hien
Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuong
Hoang Nhat Son
Mai Van Tai
Chu Chi Thiet
Tran Anh Tuan
Secretary
Hoang Thu Thuy
Editor of this English issue
Milan Van der Velden
Cover page’s photo:
RIA1’s experts and staffs in the
Republic of Rwanda
Taken by: Bui The Anh
4 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)
Editor-in-Chief’s letter
Dear readers,
The first half of 2012 has
passed, this is the time we
review the achievements for
the last 6 months and
identify the constraints for
better implementation in the
coming time.
The institute has implemented its research projects
according to work plan. Some primarily successful
results are reported in this issue. Especially, in the
last second quarter, RIA1 has together with other
related organizations under Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development have actively participated
the important task to control the spread of an acute
hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS) in
cultured shrimps. RIA1’s organization and human
resources have been reviewed and re-arranged
following the Government’s regulations in order to
serve better its research and related activities. RIA1
continues international collaboration activities as one
of its strengths, with Africa, Central and Southern
Asia. Also, the aquaculture MSc batches 19th and
20th under education cooperation between RIA1 and
Hanoi Agriculture University have successfully
defended theses and thesis proposals respectively.
The achievement have been gained in the first 6
months are solid base for RIA1 to successfully
implement the 2012 plan and open new development
prospects.
Respectfully,
Phan Thi Van
Editor in Chief
RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012) 5
News
Military training for RIA1’s officers in
2012
Tran Van Chi
In May 2012, staffs of RIA1, Fisheries College (FC)
and Vietnam Refractory Factory took part in a
military training course during two weeks. The
opening ceremony was held at FC, Mr. Nguyen Van
Ly, the Vice Rector of the College had the opening
speech. On behalf of the FC’s Military Board, Mr.
Nguyen Anh Xuan announced the regulations of time
and training schedule of the Military Board of Tu Son
town.
Next, staffs joined in the Political - Law education
program with contents such as i) Regimes and
policies on national defence and army rear; ii) Basic
problems about national policies, religion of the
Communist Party and Government; iii) Conspiracies
against peace, riot of the enemies; iv) Some
documents on policy and Militia’s Law. In the end of
program, staffs had a writing test for contents
above.
In the following days, staffs were trained directly by
commanders from Military Board of Tu Son town at
training sites. In the last day, each platoon made the
propaganda mission itself.
The training course on military was successfully
completed. All staffs took part in the program, they
complied with regulations. The results of writing and
firing test were good. Translated by Hoang Thuy
Volleyball tournament celebrating Uncle
Ho’s birthday
Minh Hau
On the occasion of the 122th birthday of President Ho
Chi Minh, in May 18th 2012, the volleyball tournament
was organized by RIA1’s Communist Party, Trade
Union, Directorate Board and Youth Union. There
were Departments and Centres taking part in the
tournament.
The match was between Applied Biology Dept. and
Genetics & Selection Dept. with CEDMA &
Aquaculture Engineering and Technology Transfer
Centre. Although this was a small tournament, every
player tried his best and dedicated nice attacks.
Finally, the result was 2:2, to satisfy both teams.
The tournament created a healthy atmosphere and
enhanced the solidarity between RIA1’s staffs.
Translated by Hoang Thuy
Training in drill-ground. Photo Minh Hậu
6 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)
News
RIA1 celebrated International Children’s
day for the children of its staff
Minh Hau
In order to encourage young children of RIA1’s staff,
in the evening of May 31st 2012, the Trade Union and
Youth of RIA1 celebrated a party on occasion of the
International Children’s day (1st June)
At the party, the children joined in interesting games
and received nice toys. The party created a cozy and
fun atsmosphere, impressing the attendants through
lively games.
On behalf of the Organizing Board, Ms. Nguyen Thi
Thieu Anh - President of Trade Union gave the
reward to the excellent and good children in 2011 -
2012 school year.
By giving meaningful gifts and greetings, RIA1’s staff
wishes to bring the young children a fun time and
motivation to learn. Translated by Hoang Thuy
RIA1 joined in the emergency national
program to control the spread of an acute
hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome
(AHPNS) affecting shrimps
Dang Thi Lua
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome
(AHPNS) has been reported in shrimp farms in some
Asian countries such as China, Malaysia, Thailand
and Vietnam. In Vietnam, the AHPNS has caused
massive death of cultured shrimp in the shrimp
farming areas. In 2011, the outbreak occurred within
a small shrimp farming area, concentrated mainly in
the south of Vietnam. By the year 2012, it has
occurred throughout the country, including the south
(Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, Tra Vinh, Kien Giang, Ben Tre
and Ca Mau provinces), the north (Hai Phong, Nghe
Performing a dance. Photo Minh Hau
Funny games for children. Photo Minh Hau
RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012) 7
News
An and Quang Ninh provinces) and in the central
parts of Vietnam (Phu Yen and Khanh Hoa
provinces).
The shrimp disease outbreak usually occurs in black
tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and white-leg
shrimp (P. vannanmei) from 10 to 45 days after
stocking. Diseased shrimp showed the following
clinical signs: shell-soft, body colour changes, soft
hepatopancreas, swollen or shrivelled
hepatopancreas and acute necrosis on
hepatopancreas structure. So far, causative agents
of the disease outbreaks have not been determined.
Because of the urgency and seriousness of the
shrimp disease outbreaks, the minister of the
ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
(MARD) has formally decided to establish the
Steering Committee on the prevention of shrimp
disease outbreaks (Decision no.1254/QĐ-BNN-
TCTS) and gives directions for the implementation
of the national program on AHPNS (Directions
no.1862/CT-BNN-TCTS). An urgent task "Research
on acute hepatopancreas necrosis syndrome
(AHPNS) of shrimp and precaution” is presided over
by Directorate of Fisheries (D-Fish) and performed in
cooperation with organizations such as the
Department of Animal Heath (DAH), Research
Institute for Aquaculture No I, II, III (RIAs), Can Tho
University (CTU), Institute of Biotechnology (IBT),
Institute of Agricultural Environment (IAE) and the
Institute of Oceanography (IO). The urgent task
started at the end of May 2012 and is planned to
finish at the end of this year.
In order to implement the national emergency
program to control the AHPNS affecting shrimps, the
Board of directors of RIA 1 has formally requested
the Institute to focus manpower and facilities for
involving in the national emergency program. At the
moment, there are at least 3 centres and sub-
institutes involved in the program, including Centre
for Environment and Disease Monitoring in
Aquaculture (CEDMA), the sub-institute for
Aquaculture Research in North Central (located in
Cua Lo, Nghe An province) and the National
Broodstock Centre for Mariculture species (located in
Quy Kim, Hai Phong province).
8 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)
Science and Technology
Effects of feed and stocking density on
growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia
fingerlings overwinter
Ngo Phu Thoa, Milan Van der Velden, Lennart
Teunissen
Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a high
economic value species for aquaculture. Total
products and culture areas have been increasing
rapidly over the last decade. In Northern Vietnam,
the demand for all male Nile tilapia fingerlings
estimated of over 300 millions/year. The demand
for fingerlings is usually highest at the beginning
of culture season (March - April). However, the
breeding season of Nile Tilapia in Northern
Vietnam starts in April to June. Hence, there is a
gap between the supply and the demand of
farmers for tilapia fingerlings during period from
March to April. This gap is now fulfilled by tilapia
fingerlings imported from abroad, mainly China,
Taiwan and The Philippines and transported from
Southern provinces. Those fingerlings were not
always checked the quarantine and varies in
quality. From 2011 to 2013, a project entitled
“Study on produce all male tilapia under winter
condition in the North of Vietnam” has been
implementing and sponsored by Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural development. The research
program aimed to meet the demand of tilapia of
famers in the North of Vietnam. Research on
over-wintering process for Nile tilapia is one
among three main activities.
From stocking size of 21 days tilapia 0.83±0.02g/fish
which produced in the autumn season, the
experiment were designated to test three densities
(30, 40 and 50 fish/m2) and three levels of protein
(30, 35 and 40%) on tilapia culture under winter
conditions. The earthen ponds were cover by nylon
and well’s water pump from 2 am to 8 am every day.
The treatments were designed by Completely
Randomized Design with three replicate.
Environmental parameters (DO, temperature and
pH) were measured every day (8 am and 2pm).
Growth performance was measured every month
and survival rate was calculated at the end of the
experiment then analysed by SPSS software version
17.0.
During the experiment, water temperature in the
treatment ponds was range from 170C to 27.50C
(while the water temperature in normal ponds
fluctuated from 150C to 230C); DO: 3.3 - 5.5 mg/l and
pH from 7.6 to 8.1.
Sampling tilapia over winter. Photo Ngo Phu Thoa
RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012) 9
Science and Technology
Table 1: Growth performance and survival rate of Nile tilapia fingerling culture with different stocking density under winter conditions
After four months study, the result showed that
growth performance of tilapia in the experiments was
not affected by stocking density. The different on
growth performance of tilapia between treatments
were not significant differences (P>0.05). However,
in term of survival rate there was a significant
difference between treatments (P<0.05). The survival
rate was lowest when Tilapia was cultured with
density of 50 fish/m2 (82.40± 0.45%), while at the
stocking density of 40 and 30fish/m2 the survival rate
was 84.34±0.72% and 85.20±0.52%, respectively.
There was a significant difference in survival rate of
Nile tilapia between treatment of 50 fish/m2 and 40
and 30fish/m2 (P<0.05). However, there was no
significant difference in survival rate of tilapia
cultured at density of 40 and 30 fish/m2 (P>0.05).
Table 2: Growth performance and survival rate of Nile tilapia fingerling feed with different lever of protein under winter conditions
Protein levels Parameters
30% protein
35% protein
40% protein
Average stocking size (g/fish)
0.83±0.021 0.83±0.02
1 0.83±0.02
1
Average harvesting size (g/fish)
3.29±0.161 3.39±0.29
1 3.67±0.09
1
Survival rate (%) 75.37±0.611 85.96± 2.62
2 87.80±1.39
2
Data in the same row having different superscript letters (1,2,3…) are significantly different at α level of 0.05
Similarly, the results indicated that survival rate of
Nile Tilapia overwinter was effected by different
protein levels feeding. Survival rate of tilapia fed 30%
of protein feed was the lowest (75.37±0.61%). On
the other hand, survival rate of tilapia fed 35 and
40% of protein feeds was 85.96± 2.62% and
87.80±1.39%, respectively. There was a significant
difference in survival rate of Nile tilapia between
treatment of 30% protein and 35% and 40% protein
(P<0.05).
Under conditions of this experiment, the stocking
density of 40 fish/m2 and feed contain 35% protein is
suitable for Nile tilapia during overwintering. This
study indicated that overwintering of Tilapia is a good
strategy to supply the fingerlings at early growing out
season in the North of Viet Nam to meet the demand
of the fish farmers. Reviewed by Dr. Nguyen Van
Tien
Some biological characteristics and
maintaining technique for super small
size Rotifer Proales similis
Dinh Thi Hanh
The rotifer, Proales similis belongs to family
Proalidae, phylum Rotifera and is considered as a
super small size rotifer. It has lot of advantages and
potential for rearing small mouth marine fish larvae in
fish propagation. In 2010, Prof. Atshushi Hagiwara
brought the species to the National Broodstock
Centre for Mariculture Species (NBCMS). After
spending lots of time for adaptation and exploration
biological characteristics of P. similis, the centre has
achieved some results and utilized initially this
species as a livefood for marine fish larvae
production. This paper presents some results
biological and ecological characteristic and
Stocking density Parameters
30 fish/m2 40 fish/m
2 50 fish/m
2
Average stocking size (g/fish)
0.83±0.02a 0.83±0.02
a 0.83±0.02
a
Average harvesting size (g/fish)
4.04±0.63a 4.23±0.35
a 3.79±0.38
a
Survival rate (%) 85.20±0.52a 84.34±0.72
a 82.40± 0.45
b
Data in the same row having different superscript letters (a, b, c…) are significantly different at α level of 0.05
10 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)
Science and Technology
purebreds maintaining technique of P. similis at
NBCMS in order to develop and widen the species
as a potential livefood for fish larvae production in
the future.
P. similis has a small body size with the length of 70
- 90µm and wide of 40 - 60 µm; and is 70% smaller
than rotifer, B. rotundiformis size. Body shape is
cylinder, elongate and transparent. The body is
slightly dilated. P. similis has red spot eyes, foot and
toes. Stomach and intestine is not clearly separated.
P. similis is eurhyhaline species and can adapt with
salinities ranged from 5‰ to 40‰. When salinity
exceeds 30‰, P. similis density increases slowly. P.
similis can grow well in salinities ranged from 5 to
30‰ if they are adapted to new salinity environment.
When the salinity difference between stocking and
cultured environments is from 5 - 7‰, the P. similis
density declines very quickly after stocked to new
cultured environment. P. similis can adapt with
temperatures ranged from 18 - 340C. The optimum
temperature for P. similis biomass culture is 26 -
300C. If temperature is over 300C, P. similis
population declines after 3 - 5 days culture. Its
density increases slowly at the temperature between
22 and 240C.When temperature drops below 200C,
there is no increase in P. similis density.
The main food of P similis is microalgae. But there
are a lot of different food utilizations of P. similis
compared to other rotifers. Four feeding treatments
of Nanochloropsis oculata, Isochrysis galbana, yeast
and combination food of microalgae (N. oculata and
I. galbana) and yeast were carried out in the
experiment with P. similis starting density of 500
ind./ml. The result showed P. similis density did not
increase and decline dramatically after two day
experiments when P. similis were given the yeast.
When P. similis were fed the combination food, they
reached the highest density of 746 ind./ml after 4
cultured days. The highest densities were 1856 and
2357 ind./ml after 7 - 8 cultured days when P. similis
were given N.oculata and I. galbana microalgae,
respectively.
P. similis purebreds maintaining technique is carried
out in glass flasks with volumes ranged from 100 –
500ml and each flask is covered by a cotton cap and
shaken lightly once a day during purebreds
maintenance. The starting density is about 100
ind/ml. P. similis are fed N.oculata microalgae which
are kept at the density of 2.106cells/ml during
maintaining. Salinity is about 22 - 23‰ and
temperature varies between 22 and 240C.
Conducting the renewal of purebreds is after 10 - 12
days of culture or in the case cultured volume is full.
When the culture volume is full, one third of
maintaining volume is converted to a new flask. With
some above study results, NBCMS has maintained
pure P. similis and used initially the species for mass
culture and marine fish larvae production. Reviewed
by Dr. Le Van Khoi
P. similis purebreds maintaining. Photo Dinh Thi Hanh
RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012) 11
Science and Technology
Study on inducing the artificial spawning
of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Pham Hong Nhat, Ngo Phu Thoa, Nguyen Van Dai
Tilapia has been one of the most important species
for aquaculture in Viet Nam. Polyploidy of Tilapia is
known as a great solution to control the number of
tilapia in the cultured pond. Inducing artificial
spawning is one of the most important step affected
to create polyploidy.. Some
studies showed that HCG,
RLH-A and DOM can be
used for induced spawning in
Tilapia. However, there is
litte study on using hormones
for artificial spawning of
Tilapia in Vietnam. Hence,
the aim of this study is to
investigate the suitable
hormone and dosage for
inducing the artificial
spawning of Tilapia. From
April to June, 2012, tilapia broodstocks (size 500-
800g/fish) were cultured for maturation and spawning
in Genetics and Selection Department, RIA1.
Different treatments of dosages and hormones (HCG
and a combination of LRH-A and DOM)
for breeding were used in this study:
HCG hormone with 03 dosages: 2500IU,
3000IU and 3500IU kg-1 female ;and
combination of LRH-A and DOM with 02
dosages: LRH-A 30mg + DOM 10mg
kg-1 female and LRH-A 45 mg + DOM
15mg) kg-1 female.
In the treatments using HCG hormone,
the tilapia females were injected only one time and
males were received one third of the female’s dose.
With the combination of LRH-A and DOM hormones,
the fish were given two injections. In the initial
injection, the fish were given one fourth of the total
dose and done before 6 hours of the final injection.
Dose of tilapia males was one third of female’s dose
and the fish were injected at the same time as the
final dose in the female’s injection.
Spawning rate and effected time of each treatment
were recorded.
Hormones injection Collecting tilapia eggs for fertilization Photo: Pham Hong Nhat
Table: Spawning rate and effected time of tilapia induced artificially spawning by different hormones and doses
Dosage (kg
-1 female)
Spawning rate (%)
Effected time (h)
Average Start End
2500IU 23.33 ± 4.40b 33.67 32 36
3000 IU 61.11 ± 3.36a 27.89 25 31
3500IU 65.56 ± 4.98a 18.44 17 20
30mg LRH-A + 10mg DOM 12.22 ± 4.65b 32.11 31 34
45mg LRH-A + 15mg DOM 7.78 ± 2.61b 33.44 32 35
12 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)
Science and Technology
Using HCG hormone with the dose of 3500IU/kg of
body weight showed good results in term of spawing
rate and effected time. The fastest effected time from
17 hours to 20 hours after hormonal induction
(average of 18.44 hours) was observed at the HCG
dose of 3500IU/kg. Average effected time was 27.89
hours at a dose of 3000 IU/kg and varied between 32
hours and 33 hours with the other HCG dosages.
Spawning rates had 65.56± 4.98% and 61.11 ±
3.36% when using 3000IU/kg and 3500IU/kg HCG
respectively and were significantly (P<0.05) higher
than those of the others (P<0.05). Spawning rate
only reached from 7.78 ±2.61 % to 23.33±4.40 %
when injected with the dosages of LRH-A 45mg +
DOM 15mg/kg, LRH-A 30mg + DOM 10mg/kg and
HCG 2500IU/kg. The study showed that HCG
hormone at the doses of 3000-3500IU/kg can be
used for inducing artificial spawning of tilapia. These
results are very useful for further research in order to
achieve long term goals that is producing triploidy of
tilapia from crossing between tetraploi and diploid
brooders of tilapia. Reviewed by Dr. Le Van Khoi
Research results of some common
pathogens in hard clam Meretrix sp. in
Hai Phong
Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Tran Thi Nguyet Minh
In Hai Phong, the tidal areas potential for hard clam
culture are located in Cat Hai, Tien Lang and Do Son
(Bang La) districts. Along with the fast development
of clam industry in terms of area and density,
diseases has been occurred in all clam culture areas,
causing significant economic losses for farmers.
From 2006 to 2008, no disease outbreak was
observed in Cat Hai, Hai Phong. However, in 2009 -
2010, the disease outbreaks have been observed in
hard clam cultured in many areas with high
mortalities. The hard clam floated on sand, opened
shell and then died. In 2010, the clam mortality was
about 90%, accounting for about 40ha at Hien Hao
commune, Cat Hai district. Similarly, the mortality
was observed in Phu Long commune, Cat Hai
district, however, the economic loss was much
smaller because commercial clam could be
harvested.
Under the project “Research on identifying the
current situation of disease on clam Meretrix sp.
cultured in Hai Phong and precaution”, some
common pathogens in hard clam are described.
Perkinsus infection
In 2010, 120 hard clam, including 60 clam samples in
Cat Hai, 30 samples in Tien Lang and 30 samples in
Duong Kinh district were collected for parasite study.
By using Thioglycollate medium and Lugol stain
(Ray, 1966), hard clam is found to be infected with
Perkinsus with 73.33% in Cat Hai, 40% in Tien Lang
and 36.67% in Kinh Duong. However, the intensity of
Perkinsus was low (1-10 hypnospores/cultue) (Fig.)
RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012) 13
Science and Technology
In 2011, hard clam samples were collected in Hien
Hao, Dong Bai and Phu Long communes of Cat Hai
district and checked for Perkinsus. The results
showed that the perrcentages of Perkinsus sp
fluatuated from 19.67 - 30.72% with low intensity
infections.
Although hard clam was infected with Perkinsus, no
clinical signs were observed in gills and mantle of the
clams. According to Melba G.Bondad-Reantaso et al
(2005), Perkinsus olseni infection can disrupt the
connective tissue and epithelial cells, some hosts
may form abscesses. The 8 mm diameter pustules
can appear in infected clam.
Vibrio sp infection
In 2010, Vibrio were isolated in hard clam collected
from Tien Lang and Cat Hai districts with rates from
26.67% to 40.74%. Among these, the highest rate
(40.74%, n = 27) was observed in Tien Lang district
and the lowest rate (26.67%, n = 30) was observed
in Cat Hai District. In terms of species, there were 7
Vibrio strains isolated from hard clam in Hien Hao
commune, Cat Hai district; and 4 Vibrio strains were
isolated from hard clam collected from Tien Lang
district.
Among Vibrio sp isolates, V.
alginolyticus and V. vunificus were
isolated with higher frequency than
others, so they were selected for
artificial infection experiments.
The infection experiments showed that
Vibrio-infected hard clam had clinical
signs including black spots on mouth,
weak and thin clam compared to normal
control clam. The infection with V.
vulnificus (concentration of 18.108 cfu/ml) presented
the death at day7 with mortality from 25 to 35%/tank
(n = 20 clam/tank). For V.alginolyticus infection, the
experimental clam looked normal at concentration of
18.106cfu/ml, showed black spot shell at
concentration of 18.107cfu/ml after 72h infection and
at concentration of 18.108cfu/ml after 48h infection.
However, no mortality was observed in the
experiment of V. alginolyticus infection
Thus, V.alginolyticus and V.vunificus could be
causative agents in hard clam. To sum up, Perkinsus
sp and Vibrio sp were commonly isolated from hard
clam cultured in Hai Phong during 2010 and 2011.
Reviewed by Dr. Dang Thi Lua
Fig.(A&B): Perkinsus sp infected in gill and mantle of hard clam (100X), B (400X) (Tran Thi Nguyet Minh, 2009)
14 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)
Education, Training and International Cooperation
The visiting of Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA) to RIA1
Hoang Thuy
On 13th April, the Study Team of JICA was led by Mr.
Ron Zweig, he visited and worked with RIA1 in order
to conduct a study on future agricultural, fisheries
and food security strategies in the ASEAN region. Dr.
Phan Thi Van (Leader of RIA1), MSc. Nguyen Huu
Nghia (Head), MSc. Vu Thi Ngoc Lien (Deputy Head)
of Information, International Cooperation and
Education Dept. welcomed the team.
At the meeting, the contents were discussed on
strategic issues related to the future of aquaculture
and fisheries in Vietnam such as i) national strategy
of food security which focuses on objectives, duties
and solution regarding to fisheries sector; ii) national
aquaculture development strategies and orientation
by 2020 to cope with food security strategies; iii)
RIA1’s recent contribution to food security; iv)
challenges to aquaculture including effect of climate
change, the knowledge and understanding of
aquaculture contribution to human development in
particular poverty alleviation, food security and
nutrition is inadequate; v) RIA1’s strategies to
contribute to food security (in accordance with the
national aquaculture strategy by 2020).
At the end of the meeting, it is hoped that JICA will
consider and make recommendations on policies
and effective strategies to help Vietnam and
especially RIA1 having long-term food security
strategies in aquaculture.
Thesis defense ceremony for Master of
Science in Aquaculture batch 19
Nguyen Hai Dang
On 12th May 2012, Hanoi Agricultural University
(HUA) and Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1
(RIA1) held the Thesis defence ceremony for 20 MSc
students of the 19th batch (2011 - 2012) at RIA1.
Attending the ceremony, there were Professor, Dr.
Nguyen Van Dinh, Deputy Director of HAU Graduate
School and 2 officers: M.S. Vu Thi Dan, M.S. Nguyen
Phuc Hung. Representatives of RIA1 included Dr.
Phan Thi Van - Leader, Dr. Nguyen Huu Ninh and
Dr. Tran Dinh Luan - Deputy director of Institute; Mr.
Nguyen Huu Nghia - Head and Ms. Dang Thi Oanh
of Information, International Cooperation & Education
Dept.
The thesis examining committee comprises of
prestigious managers and scientists from MARD,
Meeting before the defense ceremony. Photo: Hai Dang
RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012) 15
Education, Training and International Cooperation
HUA, RIA1, RIMF. There were 3 committees with 5
members for each.
With the efforts of each student and the spirit of
responsibility and the serious-minded Committees’
members, the ceremony was successfully
completed. Some theses are excellent that marked 9
points, 10 theses were graded from 8.0 to 8.9. The
others were graded from 7.0 to 7.9.
Finally, all students of the 19th batch have graduated
from the Master training program in Aquaculture after
two years of study and research at the RIA1. We
wish you all good health and success in your new
tasks. Translated by Hoang Thuy
The visiting of Uzbeks businessmen to
RIA1
Hoang Thuy
On May 18th, a group of businessmen from
Uzbekistan visited and worked with RIA1. They were
warmly welcomed by Dr. Phan Thi Van (Leader of
RIA1), MSc. Ngo Phu Thoa of Genetics and
Selection Dept.), MSc. Nguyen Duc Tuan (Deputy
Heads of Aquatic Resource and Inland Fisheries
Dept.), MSc. Vu Thi Ngoc Lien (Deputy Heads of
Information, International Cooperation and Education
Dept.). The aims of the visit were to investigate and
study on aquaculture and poultry farming in Vietnam.
On behalf of RIA1, Dr. Phan Thi Van gave brief
history and features of RIA1 and recent results in
research, training courses, education programs and
aquaculture technology transfer. The leader of the
Uzbeks delegation in his reply highly appreciated the
achievements of RIA1 and expects to learn
aquaculture techniques in Vietnam, particularly in
broodstock production and grow out culture of some
economically interesting fish species. Uzbeks group
also shared information and experiences of sturgeon
culture.
In the end, Dr. Phan Thi Van thanked for the visiting
of Uzbeks businessmen and wishes to promote
aquaculture development cooperation between
Uzbekistan and Vietnam.
Program for filming team on Norwegian
ODA in Vietnam
Hoang Thuy
From 29th May to 5th June 2012, a team of NORAD
visited Vietnam to take some short films on the
results of development cooperation between Norway
and Vietnam.
The films will be produced in Norway as part of a
larger project in connection with the anniversary:
NORAD 50 years. The films should communicate 1)
the results of Norwegian assistance and 2) new
issues and future development. The films wil try to
convey that aid is essential to people’s everyday
lives.
Working with Uzbeks businessmen. Photo: Hoang Thuy
16 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)
Education, Training and International Cooperation
The team took some short films on the results of the
project Building Advanced Research, Education
and Extension Capacity of RIA1 sponsored by
NORAD (Project code: SRV-0033) in Bac Ninh, Hai
Duong and Cat Ba from 30 to 31st May. Dr. Phan Thi
Van Leader and Dr. Tran Dinh Luan - Deputy
Director of RIA1 and Heads of Applied Biology Dept.;
CEDMA; Information, International Cooperation &
Education Dept. warmly welcomed the team.
The team interviewed RIA1’s staffs about their
research and some activities in laboratories and
ponds were also filmed. One of the outstanding
results of the project is Nile tilapia strain (NOVIT 4),
which is currently considered the best one in
Vietnam, having fast growth and better cold
tolerance. Now, RIA1 is still researching on Nile
tilapia (10th generation) in order to maintain and
improve the quality of this species and to select the
11th generation.
Then, the team went to Hai Duong to visit and film
some models of tilapia culture of households who
were sponsored by the project and the cage culture
area in Cat Ba Island of National Broodstock Centre
for Mariculture Species (RIA1).
Study tour programme for Namibian
delegates
Hoang Thuy
From the 9th to 19th of June, a study tour program
was held for members of Ministry of Fisheries and
Marine Resources (Namibia) by RIA1 under the
South - South Cooperation Program for Technical
Assistance from Vietnam to Namibia for Aquaculture
Development. In this trip, they would like to seek
partnerships and survey the training programs on
aquaculture with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development (Vietnam) for their staffs. During 10
days, they visited and worked with MARD (Hanoi),
National Broodstock Centre in the South (Cai Be -
Tien Giang), Fisheries Faculty (Ho Chi Minh
University of Agriculture and Forestry), RIA1, Van
Sanh (Ho Chi Minh City) and DABACO (Bac Ninh)
fish mills, National Broodstock Centre in the North
(Hai Duong), and visited small scale feed production
and integrated fish farming in Tu Ky (Hai Duong).
In the closing meeting of the trip, Namibian delegates
thanked for the warm welcome of agencies of
Vietnam, especially for RIA1. They wish that the
training program on aquaculture will be
Namibian delegates in RIA1. Photo: Hai Dang
Filming at RIA1. Photo: Hoang Thuy
RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012) 17
Education, Training and International Cooperation
supplemented by giving the training course on
genetics, nutrition, feed production, fish pond
techniques, and marine culture of Vietnam.
The achievements of Building Bivalve
Hatchery Production Capacity in Vietnam
and Australia Project (FIS 2005/114)
Cao Truong Giang
FIS2005/114 is an ACIAR funded collaborative
project of research and development between the
Research Institute for Aquaculture No1 and Industry
& Investment NSW’s Port Stephens Fisheries
Institute. The projects primary aim is to select bivalve
species suitable for commercial production and to
develop appropriate hatchery technology for key
bivalve species. The project has been instrumental in
helping Vietnam, through RIA1, to develop and
perfect technologies for mollusk seed production,
particularly oysters. The project began 5 years ago in
Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Nam Dinh and Thai Binh
provinces and has provided significant assistance to
the development of mollusc culture in these areas.
Micro-algal production:
Before the commencement of the Project, the
National Marine Broodstock Centre (NMBC) at Cat
Ba had only five algal species in stock used for
feeding rotifers, otter clams and estuarine oysters.
Performance of the cultures was limited and
production volumes were low (maximum 2.5 m3). The
system has now been advanced significantly since
has the project.
The range of algal species has been expanded to
eight with the addition of three new cultures from
Australia. Algal conservation methods have been
advanced and RIA.1 staffs now have the skills to
maintain cultures on agar plates, reducing the
chances of contamination. A new system of culture
vessels has been introduced with the maximum
production volume increased using large-scale
concrete tanks. Overall, system reliability has
increased, output is greater, cultures densities are
higher and algal quality has improved.
Bivalve seed production
Before 2007, Bivalve seed production technology in
Vietnam was limited. The average survival rate in the
hatchery from larvae to spat of oysters such as
C.rivularis and C.gigas was only 3-8% and overall
production was very low. Production success for
otter clams and hard clams was similar with survival
rates from larvae to spat ranging from 3 - 5% and 3-
7%, respectively. Early attempts by RIA1 and the
BIM Company using oyster broodstock from Taiwan
and mainland China did succeed in producing spat,
however, survival rates during seed production were
poor.
From 2008 to 2011, the collaborative project
improved techniques to the point that more than 200
million oyster spat and nearly 20 million otter clam
seed were produced for fishermen in Quang Ninh
and Hai Phong provinces. In addition, the project
also produced millions of hard clam spat that were
provided to Nam Dinh and Thai Binh provinces.
The improvement of hatchery techniques for oysters
saw the survival rate from larvae to seed (0.5 cm in
18 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)
Education, Training and International Cooperation
size) increase to over 13%, with subsequent survival
to 2.5cm reaching over 70%. The average survival
rate for otter clams in the hatchery increased to an
average 16.1%, while the survival of hard clam
larvae to spat increased to more than 10% with a
good healthy appearance.
The techniques developed in the project have been
passed on to local clam hatcheries in provinces of
Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Thai Binh, and Nam Dinh,
which now produce between 20 million to 40 million
of spat per year.
Recently, oyster production techniques were
extended to include the production triploid oyster
seed. An experimental batch of 20,000 spat with a
triploid percentage of approximately 90% was
produced and deployed to the field for performance
assessment. Within 4 months, the growth of triploid
oysters was greater than that of diploids and their dry
meat weight was also diploids. While evaluation of
triploids continues, they appear to hold great promise
for local farmers in the future.
Mollusc grow-out
Before 2007, the development of culture of some
mollusk species in Vietnam, such as C. rivularis, L.
phillipinarum, M. lyrata. was sporadic and farmers
lacked suitable culture techniques, resulting in poor
return on investment.
+ Pacific Oyster: The project has helped to establish
growout culture techniques for oyster with survival
rate of 70%, (over 3.5 tonnes per raft),
delivering hundreds of million spats to
farmers and companies in Quang Ninh
and Hai Phong. Some households can
produce about 200 tonnes of oyster at
marketable size annually.
+ Otter clam: The growout techniques
have been transferred to key farmers on
Cat Ba (Haiphong) and Vandon
(Quangninh). The growth rate of otter
clams has been assessed using 3 different
methods: hanging tray culture on the raft,
trays put on the sand and seeds spread
on the bottom. After 10 months the
average size on clams grown with each
method were 43.78gr/, 45.84gr and 47.12gr per
individual respectively. The average survival rate of
the clams has been 65%.
+ Hard clam: Growout technology for hard clams (M.
meretrix, M. lyrata) has been been successfully
transferred to Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, and some
southern provinces of Vietnam and after 8-10 months
1-Oysters settled on strings for grow-out 2-Single seed oysters C.gigas
3-Otter clam L. phillipinarum 4-Hard clam M.lyrata. Photo Cao Truong Giang
RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012) 19
Education, Training and International Cooperation
of culture, the average production estimated about
20 tonnes/ha.
Training and technical transfer:
Throughout the project a number of training and
technical transfer activities occurred. Initially, two RIA
1 staff members were trained in advanced algal
culture techniques in Australia. Trainees were
instructed in methods for storage handling and
production of algae, which they in turn put into
practice in Vietnam. Algal species from Australian
culture collections were introduced to Vietnam along
with an array of new algal culture equipment and
techniques.
Four technicians have been trained in larval rearing
(larvae and spat rearing). Three Australian senior
scientists came to Vietnam to transfer techniques for
larval and spat rearing and triploid spat production to
RIA1 staff. In addition, the project also involved in
training 25 undergraduates and 3 postgraduate
students in Vietnam.
An emphasis has been placed on transferring seed
production techniques (Hard clam: M. meretrix, M.
lyrata, Pacific Oyster, and Otter clam) to local clam
hatcheries in Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Quang Ninh,
Haiphong and southern provinces of Vietnam. These
techniques have been adopted and are being used
to increase overall bivalve seed production within
these provinces.
Techniques developed by the Project have proved
reliable than that in the past. The application of new
techniques has increased the cost effectiveness in
seed production and grow-out culture. Moreover,
they are now supporting the management of mollusc
resources and conservation of mollusc species for
sustainable mollusc culture.
The benefit of Mollusc culture
The development of mollusc culture in northern
Vietnam has brought significant social and economic
benefit. At the outset of the project, oyster production
was insignificant and otter clam production was low.
Within 5 years, oyster production has climbed to over
7000 tonnes and employs over 1500 people from
coastal communities. The production of otter clams
has now reached 1500 tonnes each year. Together
these industries are now offering gross income of
US$ 10 million at the farm gate.
Socio-economic benefit
Before 2007, people living on Island District of Van
Don were largely dependent on fishing, however
overexploitation of natural fisheries resources led to
rapid decline that threatened the livelihood of fishers.
Thanks to ACIAR, this project has offered an
Training course organized in Van Don, Quang Ninh. Photo Vu Van In
20 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)
Education, Training and International Cooperation
opportunity for fishers to develop a new livelihood
with oysters and other bivalve species in Nam Dinh,
Thai Binh, Hai Phong and Quang Ninh provinces.
Together with the culture of otter clams, oysters are
considered highly beneficial as culture can be carried
out with limited investment and basic skills. The
farms are cheap to construct and are commonly
based on bamboo or wooden rafts. Oysters can
reach to marketable size within 8 months, which
offers good profit potential with quick capital
turnover. Oyster culture is also considered beneficial
for the environment as it does not require feed input
and takes nutrients out of the water, which can help
reduce pollution. Finally, the project has also served
to strengthen the cooperative ties between farmers
and companies involved in supply and production of
spat, and those marketing oysters and clams.
The project’s staff discussing the results. Photo Vu Van In
RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012) 21
RIA1’s activity abroad
Aquaculture technical support activities
in the Republic of Rwanda, central Africa
Nguyen Van Tien, Bui The Anh, Cao Phan
Thuong, Nguyen Van Hoan
Following the subsidiary agreement signed between
the Governments of Rwanda (GOR) and
Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
(GOTSROV) concerning the responsibilities and
contributions respectively of the two Governments in
regard to the “Inland Lakes Integrated
Development and Management Support Project
(PAIGELAC)” in the Republic of Rwanda and based
on the framework about the exchange and
cooperation in agriculture between the two
Governments, also the request in the letter No.4 of
the African Development Bank (ADB) to cooperate
between Vietnam and Rwanda about the technical
assistant, November 2011, Research Institute for
Aquaculture No.1 (RIA1) has sent 4 experts and
technical assistants to the Republic of Rwanda to
support on aquaculture in the period of 2 and 6
months, respectively. The activities include cage
culture development in reservoirs, monosex tilapia
production following the sex conversion technique
and feed production.
From November 2011 to May 2012, the RIA1 team
has done many activities to support for PAIGELAC
project in the project areas. The experts and
technical assistants have evaluated the status,
advantages and disadvantages of the project
activities, systems that are implemented, and given
the comments, recommendation and implemented
the necessary supporting activities.
In this period, the team has transferred the technique
of Tilapia massive seed production to the fisheries
cooperatives and the Fish Station in Rwanda through
2 training courses for technicians and the members
of the cooperatives on selection of broodstocks,
conditioning for full maturation and incubation of
fertilised eggs, nursing fingerlings in earthen ponds.
Besides, the aquaculture specialists have conducted
the on-hand training to transfer the technology to the
members of cooperatives, workers and technical
staffs of Fish Stations and PAIGELAC project staffs.
In addition, the Vietnam aquaculture specialists and
technicians have given the proper technical
recommendation to improve the condition of
aquaculture ponds as well as aquaculture techniques
to the workers and technicians of the hatcheries
under the support of PAIGELAC project.
More than 10,000 broodstocks of Tilapia have been
selected, in which female contributing about 41%
and 59% male have been conditioned in 4 earthen
ponds. After 3 weeks of conditioning, the full matured
broodstocks have been moved to the hapas to
collect eggs and hatched in the incubation systems.
Guiding to nurse fingerlings in earthen ponds. Photo Bui
The Anh
22 RIA1’s Newsletter. Issue 6 (Apr - Jun 2012)
RIA1’s activity abroad
An incubation system with 32 incubation trays, which
is capable to incubate up to 5 million eggs/year has
been designed and installed at Kigembe Fish Station
with the technology transferred completely. With the
support from Vietnamese specialist and technicians,
Kigembe Fish Station has produced about 1 million
Tilapia fries, in which 0.54 million fries being treated
and 0.46 million fries not being treated by MT
hormone feeding. The 0.46 million fries have been
supplied to the project areas for cage and pond
aquaculture at the size of 70-100 fish/kg.
Regards to the cage aquaculture support, the
Vietnamese specialists and technicians have made
some correction about cage design, feeding tray
setting, feeding rings, aquaculture techniques, etc.
Besides, the specialists have organised the training
courses about the technology and low cost cage
model based on the cages in Vietnam for the
cooperative members as well as instructed to
construct the low cost cage model for cooperatives in
the project areas.
The specialists and technicians have also trained
and instructed the operation of the extruders and
feed production systems for project technical staffs
and cooperative members. Thereof, nearly 2 tons of
feed was produced following the formulation
developed by Vietnamese specialist based on the
local ingredients in Rwanda. After receiving the
technical supports, the entire aquaculture unit
supported by PAIGELAC project in Rwanda could
produce the pellet feed for the fish at different sizes
by themselves.
The general recommendation was given by
Vietnamese specialists for the sustainable
aquaculture and fisheries development in Rwanda
such as capacity building for technical staffs, Tilapia
seed selection, Tilapia massive production, carrying
capacity study for cage culture development, study
on consumption market of aquatic products, diversify
the culture species and select the high value species
for aquaculture.
Based on the great achievements of the technical
support from Vietnam, the Vietnamese delegation
was highly appreciated from the Minister of Ministry
of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI) as
well as PAIGELAC project and African Development
Bank about the contribution on the aquaculture
development in Rwanda. Currently, MINAGRI is
continuing to invite Vietnamese specialists to help
Rwanda Government to build the development
projects on aquaculture in the near future.
On-hand training course. Photo Bui The Anh
Training Cuban technician and fishers on production, assembling, installation and operation of wooden cages
Assembling cages