6f'kyihtu uxj] o;kikjh vksj · 2020. 10. 14. · pw¡fd o;kikfj;ksa dks vusd jkt;ksa rfkk...

75 uxj] O;kikjh vkSj f'kYihtu

,d eè;;qxhu uxj dh ;k=kk ij vk;k dksbZ ;k=kh] ml uxj osQ ckjs esaoSQlh vkdka{kk,¡ j[krk gksxk\ ;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd og uxjfdl izdkj dk FkkµD;k og ,d eafnj uxj Fkk ;k ,d iz'kklfud osaQnz],d okf.kfT;d 'kgj] ,d iÙku uxj vFkok fdlh vU; izdkj dk 'kgjFkkA oLrqr% dbZ uxj rks ,d lkFk vusd izdkj osQ Fksµos iz'kklfud uxjrFkk eafnj uxj gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk okf.kfT;d dk;Zdykiksa vkSj f'kYimRiknu osQ osaQnz Hkh FksA

uxj] O;kikjh vkSjf'kYihtu6

ekufp=k 1eè; vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjresa O;kikj vkSj f'kYidkjhmRiknu osQ oqQN izeq[kosaQnz

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76gekjs vrhr

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iz'kklfud osaQnzvè;k; 2 esa vkius pksy oa'k osQ ckjs esa i<+kA vkb,] ge viuh dYiukosQ ?kksM+s ij lokj gksdj pksy jktkvksa dh jktèkkuh ratkowj] tSlkfd og,d g”kkj o"kZ igys Fkk] dh ;k=kk ij pysaA

o"kZ esa ckjgksa eghus cgus okyh dkosjh unh bl lqanj uxj osQ ikl cgrhgSA jktk jktjkt pksy }kjk fufeZr jktjkts'oj eafnj dh ?kafV;k¡ ctrh gqbZlqukbZ nsrh gSaA yksx uxj osQ okLrqdkj oqaQtjeYyu jktjkt is:FkPpu dhokLrqdyk dh iz'kalk djrs gq, ugha FkdrsA gesa okLrqdkj dk uke blfy,irk gS D;ksafd mlus xoZ ls vius uke dks eafnj dh nhokj ij mRdh.kZfd;kA eafnj osQ Hkhrj ,d fo'kky f'ko¯yx LFkkfir gSA

bl eafnj osQ vykok uxj esa vusd jktegy gSa] ftuesa dbZ eaMi cusgq, gSaA jktk yksx bu eaMiksa esa viuk njckj yxkrs gSaA ;gha ls os viusvèkhuLFkksa osQ fy, vkns'k tkjh djrs gSaA uxj esa lSU; f'kfoj Hkh cus gSaA

uxj mu ck”kkjksa dh gypy ls Hkjk gqvk gS_ tgk¡ vukt] elkyksa]diM+ksa vkSj vkHkw"k.kksa dh fcØh gks jgh gSA uxj osQ fy, ty dh vkiwfrZo¡qQvksa vkSj rkykcksa ls gksrh gSA ratkowj vkSj mlosQ fudVorhZ uxj mjS;wj osQlkyh; cqudj eafnj osQ mRlo osQ fy, >aMs&>afM;k¡ cukus dk diM+k] jktkvkSj vfHktkr oxZ osQ fy, cf<+;k lwrh oL=k vkSj tulkèkkj.k osQ fy,eksVk lwrh oL=k rS;kj dj jgs gSaA ;gk¡ ls oqQN nwjh ij LokeheykbZ esa LFkifrvFkok ewfrZdkj mÙke dk¡L; ewfrZ;k¡ rFkk yacs] lqanj ?kaVk&èkkrq osQ nhi cukjgs gSaA

eafnj uxj vkSj rhFkZ osaQnz

ratkowj ,d eafnj uxj dk Hkh mnkgj.k gSA eafnj uxj uxjhdj.k dk ,dvR;ar egÙoiw.kZ izfr:i izLrqr djrs gSaA uxjhdj.k uxjksa osQ fodkl dhizfØ;k gSA eafnj vdlj lekt vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk nksuksa osQ fy, gh vR;aregÙoiw.kZ gksrs FksA 'kkld] fofHkUu nsoh&nsorkvksa osQ izfr viuk HkfDr Hkkon'kkZus osQ fy, eafnj cukrs FksA os eafnjksa dks Hkwfe ,oa èku vuqnku esa nsrsFks ftudh vk; ls èkkfeZd vuq"Bku] fofèk&foèkku ls laiUu fd, tkrs Fks]rhFkZ;kf=k;ksa rFkk iqjksfgr&iafMrksa dks Hkkstu djk;k tkrk Fkk vkSj ioksZRloeuk, tkrs FksA eafnj osQ n'kZukFkhZ Hkh nku&nf{k.kk fn;k djrs FksA

vkiosQ er esa yksxratkowj dks ,d egkuuxj D;ksa ekurs Fks\

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dk¡lk] ?kaVk&èkkrq vkSj ^yqIrekse* rduhd

dk¡lk ,d feJèkkrq gksrh gS] tks rk¡cs vkSj jk¡xs (fVu) osQ esyls curh gSA ?kaVk&èkkrq esa jk¡xs dk vuqikr fdlh Hkh vU;fdLe osQ dk¡ls ls vfèkd gksrk gSA ;g ?kaVs tSlh èofumRiUu djrh gSA

pksydkyhu dkaL; ewfrZ;k¡ (vè;k;&2 ns[ksa) yqIrekse*rduhd ls cukbZ tkrh FkhaA bl izfofèk osQ varxZr loZizFkeekse dh ,d izfrek cukbZ tkrh FkhA bls fpduh fe^h ls iwjhrjg yhi dj lw[kus osQ fy, NksM+ fn;k tkrk FkkA tc ogiwjh rjg lw[k tkrh Fkh rks mls xeZ fd;k tkrk Fkk vkSjmlosQ fe^h osQ vkoj.k esa ,d NksVk&lk Nsn cuk dj mlNsn osQ jkLrs lkjk fi?kyk gqvk ekse ckgj fudky fy;k tkrkFkkA fiQj fpduh fe^h osQ [kkyh lk¡ps esa mlh Nsn osQ jkLrsfi?kyh gqbZ èkkrq Hkj nh tkrh FkhA tc og èkkrq BaMh gksdjBksl gks tkrh Fkh] rks fpduh fe^h osQ vkoj.k dks lkoèkkuhiwoZdgVk fn;k tkrk Fkk vkSj mlesa ls fudyh izfrek dks lkI+kQdjosQ pedk fn;k tkrk FkkA

vkiosQ fopkj ls bl izfofèk osQ iz;ksx osQ D;k&D;kYkkHk Fks\

eafnj osQ drkZ&èkrkZZ eafnj osQ èku dks O;kikj ,oa lkgwdkjh esa yxkrsFksA 'kuS% 'kuS%] le; osQ lkFk] cM+h la[;k esa iqjksfgr&iqtkjh] dkexkj]f'kYih] O;kikjh vkfn eafnj rFkk mlosQ n'kZukfFkZ;ksa ,oa rhFkZ;kf=k;ksa dhvko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus osQ fy, eafnj osQ vkl&ikl clrs x,A blizdkj eafnj uxjksa dk fodkl gqvkA blh jhfr ls eafnjksa ds pkjksa vksjvusd uxjksa dk vkfoZHkko gqvk] tSlsµeè; izns'k esa fHkYyLokfeu(Hkhylk ;k fofn'kk) vkSj xqtjkr esa lkseukFkA oqQN vU; egÙoiw.kZeafnj uxjµrfeyukMq esa dkaphiqje rFkk enqjS vkSj vkaèkz izns'k esafr#ifr gSaA

rhFkZLFky Hkh èkhjs&èkhjs uxjksa osQ :i esa fodflr gks x,A o`ankou(mÙkj izns'k) vkSj fr#oUueykbZ (rfeyukMq) ,sls uxjksa osQ nks mnkgj.kgSaA vtesj (jktLFkku)] ckjgoha 'krkCnh esa pkSgku jktkvksa dh jktèkkuhFkk vkSj vkxs pydj eqX+kyksa osQ 'kklu esa og lwck* eq[;ky; cu x;kA;g uxj èkkfeZd lg&vfLrRo dk ,d mRÑ"V mnkgj.k izLrqr djrk gSAlqizfl¼ lwI+kQh lar [ok”kk eqbuqíhu fp'rh (vè;k; 8 Hkh ns[ksa) ;gk¡ckjgoha 'krkCnh esa cl x, Fks vkSj muosQ n'kZukFkhZ ,oa J¼kyq lHkh

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fp=k 1dkaL; ew£r] ftlesa o`Q".kdks ukx&jk{kl dkfy;kdks dkcw djrs fn[kk;kx;k gSA

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78gekjs vrhr

iaFkksa&erksa osQ gqvk djrs FksA vtesj osQ ikl gh iq"dj ljksoj gS] tgk¡izkphudky ls gh rhFkZ;k=kh vkrs jgs gSaA

NksVs uxjksa dk latkyvkBoha 'krkCnh ls gh migk}hi esa vusd NksVs&NksVs uxjksa dk latky&lkfcNus yxk FkkA laHkor% mudk izknqHkkZo cM+s&cM+s xk¡oksa ls gqvk FkkA muesavkerkSj ij ,d eaMfidk (ckn esa ftls eaMh* dgk tkus yxk) gksrh Fkh]tgk¡ vkl&ikl osQ xk¡o okys viuh mit cspus osQ fy, ykrs FksA muesa,slh xfy;k¡ Fkah] tgk¡ nqdkusa ,oa ck”kkj Fks ftUgsa g^* (ckn esa gkV* dgktkus yxk) dgk tkrk FkkA blosQ vykok fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj osQ dkjhxjksarFkk f'kfYi;ksa] tSlsµoqQEgkjksa] rsfy;ksa] 'kDdj cukus okyksa] rkM+h cukusokyksa] lqukjksa] yksgkjksa] iRFkj rksM+us okyksa vkfn osQ vyx&vyx ck”kkj gksrsFksA oqQN O;kikjh rks uxj esa LFkk;h :i ls cldj viuk dkjksckj djrs Fks]tcfd oqQN vU; O;kikjh uxj&uxj ?kwedj Ø;&foØ; fd;k djrs FksAvkl&ikl vkSj nwjnjk”k osQ O;kikjh bu uxjksa essa LFkkuh; mit [kjhnus vkSjnwjorhZ LFkkuksa osQ mRikn] tSlsµ?kksM+s] ued] diwj] osQlj] iku&lqikjh vkSjdkyh fepZ tSls elkys cspus osQ fy, vkrs FksA

?vius f”kys osQ uxjksa dhlwph cuk,¡ vkSj mudkiz'kklfud osaQæksa] eafnjuxjksa@rhFkZ osaQnzksa osQ :iesa oxhZdj.k djsaA

fp=k 2uxj dk ,d ck”kkj

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fp=k 3ydM+h ij uDdk'khdjrk gqvk ,d dkjhxj

vkerkSj ij dksbZ lkear ;kuh ijorhZ dky dk ”kehankj bu uxjksa esa ;kbuosQ vkl&ikl fdyscanh dj egy cuk ysrk FkkA ,sls lkear O;kikfj;ksa]f'kYidkjksa rFkk muosQ O;kikj dh oLrqvksa ij dj yxkrs Fks vkSj dHkh&dHkhbu djksa osQ laxzg.k dk vfèkdkj* mu LFkkuh; eafnjksa dks iznku* dj nsrs Fks]ftudk fuekZ.k Lo;a muosQ }kjk ;k èkuk<~; O;kikfj;ksa }kjk djk;k x;k gksrkFkkA ,sls ^vfèkdkjksa* dk mYys[k vfHkys[kksa esa fd;k x;k gS tks vkt Hkhik, tkrs gSaA

ck”kkjksa ij dj

;g jktLFkku ls izkIr ,d nloha 'krkCnh osQ vfHkys[k dk lkjka'k gSA ftlesaos 'kqYd fn, x, gSa tks eafnj izkfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk oLrqvksa osQ :i esa olwy fd,tk ldrs gSaA

'kDdj vkSj xqM+] jax] èkkxk] #bZ] ukfj;y] ued] lqikjh] eD[ku] fry osQrsy ij vkSj diM+s ij dj yxk, tkrs FksA

blosQ vykok] O;kifj;ksa ij] èkkrq dh phtsa cspus okyksa] vklodksa] rsy]i'kqpkjs vkSj vukt osQ cksjksa ij Hkh dj yxk, tkrs FksA

buesa ls oqQN dj rks oLrq :i esa vkSj oqQN vU; udn :i esa olwystkrs FksA

vkt ck”kkj ij yxus okys djksa osQ ckjs esa oqQN vkSj tkudkjh izkIrdjsaµbUgsa dkSu bd_k djrk gS] os fdl izdkj olwy fd, tkrs gSa

vkSj mudk iz;ksx fdl dke osQ fy, gksrk gSA

cM+s vkSj NksVs O;kikjhO;kikjh dbZ izdkj osQ gqvk djrs FksA muesa catkjs yksx (nsf[k, vè;k; 7)Hkh 'kkfey FksA dbZ O;kikjh] fo'ks"k :i ls ?kksM+ksa osQ O;kikjh vius la?kcukrs Fks] ftudk ,d eqf[k;k gksrk Fkk vkSj og eqf[k;k mudh vksj ls?kksM+s [kjhnus osQ bPNqd ;ks¼kvksa ls ckrphr djrk FkkA

pw¡fd O;kikfj;ksa dks vusd jkT;ksa rFkk taxyksa ls gksdj xq”kjuk iM+rkFkkA blfy, os vkerkSj ij dkf-iQys cukdj ,d lkFk ;k=kk djrs Fks vkSjvius fgrksa dh j{kk osQ fy, O;kikj&la?k (fxYM) cukrs FksA nf{k.k Hkkjr

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80gekjs vrhr

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esa vkBoha 'krkCnh vkSj ijorhZ dky esa vusd ,sls la?k FksA muesa lclsizfl¼ ef.kxzkee~* vkSj ukukns'kh* FksA ;s O;kikj la?k izk;}hi osQ HkhrjvkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k rFkk phu osQ lkFk Hkh nwj&nwj rd O;kikjdjrs FksA

buosQ vykok psf^;kj vkSj ekjokM+h vksloky tSls leqnk; Hkh Fks] tksvkxs pydj ns'k osQ izèkku O;kikjh lewg cu x,A xqtjkrh O;kikfj;ksa esa¯gnw cfu;k vkSj eqfLye cksgjk nksuksa leqnk; 'kfey FksA os nwj&nwj rdyky lkxj osQ canjxkgksa o I+kQkjl dh [kkM+h] iwohZ viz+ Qhdk] nf{k.k&iwoZ,f'k;k rFkk phu ls O;kikj djrs FksA os bu iÙkuksa esa diM+s vkSj elkyscsprs Fks vkSj cnys esa viz+ Qhdk ls lksuk vkSj gkFkh nk¡r ,oa nf{k.k&iwoZ,f'k;k vkSj phu ls elkys] fVu] fe^h osQ uhys crZu vkSj pk¡nh ykrs FksA

if'peh rV osQ uxjksa esa vjch] -iQkjlh] phuh] ;gwnh vkSj lhfj;kbZbZlkbZ cl x, FksA yky lkxj osQ canjxkgksa esa csps tkus okys Hkkjrh;elkys vkSj diM+s brkyoh O;kikfj;ksa }kjk [kjhns tkrs Fks vkSj ogk¡ ls osmUgsa vkxs ;wjksih; ck”kkjksa esa igq¡pkrs FksA muls O;kikj esa cgqr ykHk gksrkFkkA m".kdfVcaèkh; tyok;q esa mxk, tkus okys elkys (dkyhfepZ]nkyphuh] tk;iQy] lksaB vkfn) ;wjksih; O;atuksa osQ egÙoiw.kZ vax cux, Fks vkSj Hkkjrh; lwrh diM+k cgqr yqHkkouk gksrk FkkA ;s ph”ksa gh;wjksih; O;kikfj;ksa dks Hkkjr rd [khap ykb±A le; osQ lkFk&lkFk O;kikjvkSj uxjksa dk :i fdl izdkj cnyk] blosQ ckjs esa ge 'kh?kz vkxs i<+saxsA

dkcqy

dkcqy vius igkM+h vkSj fo"ke Hkw&n'; osQ lkFk lksygoha 'krkCnh lsjktuhfrd vkSj okf.kfT;d nf"V ls egÙoiw.kZ cu x;kA dkcqy vkSjdkaèkkj lqizfl¼ js'ke ekxZ ls tqM+s gq, FksA lkFk gh ?kksM+ksa dk O;kikj Hkheq[; :i ls blh ekxZ ls gksrk FkkA l=kgoha 'krkCnh esa ghjksa osQ ,dlkSnkxj tkSa csifVLVs VSofuZ;j us vuqeku yxk;k Fkk fd dkcqy esa ?kksM+ksadk O;kikj izfro"kZ 30] 000 :i;ksa dk gksrk Fkk] tks mu fnuksa esa ,dcM+h Hkkjh jde le>h tkrh FkhA dkcqy ls esos] [ktwj] xyhps] js'kehdiM+s vkSj rk”ks iQy Å¡Vksa ij ykn dj yk, tkrs Fks vkSj miegk}hirFkk vU; Hkkxksa esa csps tkrs FksA buosQ vykok xqyke Hkh fcØh osQ fy,yk, tkrs FksA

tSlk fd vki le>ldrs gSa] bl dky osQnkSjku yksxksa rFkk ekydk vkuk&tkuk yxk ghjgrk FkkA vkiosQ fopkjls bl vkoktkgh dkuxjksa rFkk xk¡oksa osQtu&thou ij D;kizHkko iM+k gksxk\ uxjksaesa jgus okys dkjhxjksadh lwph cuk,¡A

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uxjksa esa f'kYi

chnj osQ f'kYidkj rk¡cs rFkk pk¡nh esa tM+kbZ osQ dke osQ fy, brusvfèkd izfl¼ Fks fd bl f'kYi dk uke gh chnjh* iM+ x;kA iakpkyvFkkZr~ fo'odekZ leqnk; ftlesa lqukj] dlsjs] yksgkj] jktfeL=kh vkSjc<+bZ 'kkfey Fks_ eafnjksa osQ fuekZ.k osQ fy, vko';d FksA blosQvykok os jktegyksa] cM+s&cM+s Hkouksa] rkykcksa vkSj tyk'k;ksa osQ fuekZ.kesa Hkh viuh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk djrs FksA blh izdkj lkfy;kj ;koSQDdksykj tSls cqudj Hkh lef¼'kkyh leqnk; cu x, Fks vkSj oseafnjksa dks Hkkjh nku&nf{k.kk fn;k djrs FksA oL=k&fuekZ.k ls lacafèkroqQN vU; dk;Z] tSlsµdikl dks lkI+kQ djuk] dkruk vkSj jaxuk HkhLora=k O;olk; cu x, Fks] ftuosQ fy, fo'ks"kKrk dh vko';drkgksrh FkhA

fp=k 5'kkWy dk ckWMZj

fp=k 4ihry osQ bl eksecÙkhnku

ij dkyk vkoj.k gSA

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82gekjs vrhr

'kgjksa osQ cnyrs gq, HkkX;dbZ 'krkfCn;ksa osQ yacs le; esa vgenkckn (xqtjkr) tSls oqQN uxj cM+sO;kikfjd osaQæksa osQ :i esa fodflr gks x,] ysfdu ratkowj tSls oqQN vU;uxj igys dh vis{kk foLrkj rFkk egÙo dh nf"V ls floqQM+ x,A blh dkyesa if'pe caxky esa HkkxhjFkh unh osQ rV ij fLFkr eqf'kZnkckn js'keh oL=kksaosQ izeq[k osaQæ osQ :i esa mHkjk FkkA og 1704 bZ- esa caxky dh jktèkkuh cux;k ysfdu blh 'krkCnh osQ nkSjku mldk flrkjk Mwc x;k_ D;ksafd ogk¡ osQcqudj baXySaM dh feyksa ls cudj vk, lLrs diM+s osQ lkFk izfr;ksfxrk esafVd u losQA

gEih] elwyhi^ue vkSj lwjr µ u”knhd ls ,d u”kj

gEih dh okLrqdyk dk lkSan;Z

gEih uxj] Ñ".kk vkSj rqaxHknzk ufn;ksa dh ?kkVh esa fLFkr gSA ;g uxj1336 esa LFkkfir fot;uxj lkezkT; dk osaQnz LFky FkkA gEih osQ'kkunkj [kaMgjksa ls irk pyrk gS fd ml 'kgj dh fdyscanh mPp dksfVdh FkhA fdys dh nhokjksa osQ fuekZ.k esa dgha Hkh xkjs&pwus tSls fdlh HkhtksM+us okys elkys dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj f'kyk[kaMksa dksvkil esa i¡Qlkdj xw¡Fkk x;k FkkA

fp=k 6gEih osQ vgkrs dh VwVhgqbZ nhokj ls cqtZ dkn`';

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,d fdykcan uxj

,d iqrZxkyh ;k=kh Mksfeaxksa is”k us lksygoha 'krkCnh esa gEih uxj dk o.kZubl izdkj fd;k%

---xksok ls vkus okys yksx ftl izos'k }kj ls xq”kjrs gSa ml }kj osQ Hkhrjjktk us ,d vR;ar lqn`<+ izkphjc¼ uxj clk j[kk gS_ tks nhokjksa vkSjcqtks± ls lqjf{kr gSA ;s nhokjsa vU; uxjksa dh nhokjksa tSlh ugha gSa] cfYdcgqr e”kcwr jktxhjh dk ,slk uewuk gSa_ tks vU; Hkkxksa esa cgqr de ns[kusdks feysxkA mlosQ Hkhrj mlh jhfr ls cuk, x, Hkouksa dh vR;ar lqanjdrkjsa gSa] ftudh Nrsa likV piVh gaSA

vkiosQ fopkj ls ;gh uxj fdyscan D;ksa Fkk\

gEih dh okLrqdyk fof'k"V izdkj dh FkhA ogk¡ osQ 'kkgh Hkouksa esa

HkO; esgjkc vkSj xaqcn FksA ogk¡ LraHkksa okys dbZ fo'kky d{k Fks] ftuesaewfÙkZ;ksa dks j[kus osQ fy, vkys cus gq, FksA ogk¡ lqfu;ksftr ckx&cxhps Hkh

Fks] ftuesa dey vkSj VksMksa dh vkoQfr okys ewfrZdyk osQ uewus FksAianzgoha&lksygoha 'krkfCn;ksa osQ vius lef¼dky esa gEih dbZ okf.kfT;d

vkSj lkaLÑfrd xfrfofèk;ksa ls xqatk;eku jgrk FkkA mu fnuksa gEih osQck”kkjksa esa eqfLye lkSnkxjksa] psf^;ksa vkSj iqrZxkfy;ksa tSls ;wjksih; O;kikfj;ksa

osQ ,tsaVksa dk te?kV yxk jgrk FkkA

eafnj lkaLÑfrd xfrfofèk;ksa osQ osaQnzgksrs Fks vkSj nsonkfl;k¡ fo:ik{k (f'ko)

eafnj osQ vusd LraHk okys fo'kky d{kksaesa nso izfrek] jktk rFkk iztktuksa osQ

le{k uR; fd;k djrh FkhaA egkuoehioZ] tks vkt nf{k.k esa uojkf=k ioZ

dgykrk gS] mu fnuksa gEih esa ,dvR;ar egÙoiw.kZ ioZ ekuk tkrk FkkA

iqjkrÙofonksa us ml egkuoeh eapdks [kkst fudkyk gS] tgk¡ jktk vius

vfrfFk;ksa dk LOkkxr&lRdkj djrk

?

fp=k 7gEih osQ fony eafnj dkiRFkj dk cuk jFk

vius 'kklu dky esafot;uxj osQ 'kkldksa ustyk'k;ksa ,oa ugjksa osQfuekZ.k esa dkiQh #fpyhA ekynsoh unh osQÅij 1-37 fdeh- yEcsfeV~Vh osQ ck¡/ okysvuarjkt lkxj tyk'k;dk fuekZ.k gqvkAÑ".knso jk; us nksigkfM+;ksa osQ chp ,dfo'kky izLrj cka/ dkfuekZ.k fot;uxj osQfudV ,d fo'kky >hyosQ fuekZ.k osQ fy, fd;ktgk¡ ls ty dks tylsrqvkSj ugjksa }kjk cxhpksavkSj [ksrksa rd flapkbZ osQfy, igq¡pk;k tkrk FkkA

2020-21

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84gekjs vrhr

Fkk vkSj vèkhuLFk O;fDr;ksa ls u”kjkus&migkj fy;k djrk FkkA ogha

fojkteku gksdj jktk] u`R; ,oa laxhr rFkk eYy;q¼ osQ dk;ZØe Hkhns[kk djrk FkkA

1565 esa nDduh lqYrkuksaµxksyoqQaMk] chtkiqj] vgenuxj] cjkj vkSjchnj osQ 'kkldksaµosQ gkFkksa fot;uxj dh ijkt; osQ ckn gEih dkfouk'k gks x;kA

lwjr µ if'pe dk izos'k }kj

lwjr] eqX+kydky esa oSaQcs (vkt osQ [kackr) vkSj oqQN le; ckn osQvgenkckn osQ lkFk&lkFk] xqtjkr esa if'peh O;kikj dk okf.kT; osaQnz cux;kA lwjr vksjeq”k dh [kkM+h ls gksdj if'peh ,f'k;k osQ lkFk O;kikjdjus osQ fy, eq[; }kj FkkA lwjr dks eDdk dk izLFkku }kj Hkh dgk tkrkFkk] D;ksafd cgqr&ls g”k;k=kh] tgk”k ls ;gha ls jokuk gksrs FksA

lwjr ,d loZns'kh; uxj Fkk] tgk¡ lHkh tkfr;ksa vkSj èkeks± osQ yksxjgrs FksA l=kgoha 'krkCnh esa ogk¡ iqrZxkfy;ksa] Mpksa vkSj v¡xzs”kksa osQdkj[kkus ,oa ekyxksnke FksA v¡xsz”k bfrgkldkj vksfoaxVu us 1689 esalwjr canjxkg dk o.kZu djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd fdlh Hkh ,d oDr ijfHkÂ&fHkÂ ns'kkas osQ vkSlru ,d lkS tgk”k bl canjxkg ij yaxj Mkys[kM+s ns[ks tk ldrs FksA

lwjr esa ,slh vusd nqdkusa Fkha tks lwrh diM+k] Fkksd vkSj iqQVdjdherksa ij csprh FkhaA lwjr osQ oL=k vius lqugjs xksVk&fdukfj;ksa (”kjh)osQ fy, izfl¼ Fks vkSj muosQ fy, if'pe ,f'k;k] viz+ Qhdk vkSj ;wjksi esack”kkj miyCèk FksA jkT; us fo'o osQ lHkh Hkkxksa ls uxj esa vkus okys yksxksadh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus osQ fy, vusd foJkexg cuk j[ks FksAogk¡ HkO; Hkou vkSj vla[; euksjatd&LFky FksA lwjr esa dkfB;kokM+h lsBksarFkk egktuksa dh cM+h&cM+h lkgwdkjh daifu;k¡ FkhaA mYys[kuh; gS fd lwjrls tkjh dh xbZ gqafM;ksa dks nwj&nwj rd felz esa dkfgjk] bjkd esa cljk vkSjcsfYt;e esa ,aVoiZ osQ ck”kkjksa esa ekU;rk izkIr FkhA

foaQrq] l=kgoha 'krkCnh osQ vafre o"kks± esa lwjr dk Hkh v/%iru izkjaHkgks x;kA blosQ dbZ dkj.k FksµeqX+ky lkezkT; osQ iru osQ dkj.k ck”kkjksa

gqaMh,d ,slk nLrkos”k]ftlesa ,d O;fDr }kjktek djkbZ xbZ jdentZ jgrh gSA gqaMh dksdgha vU;=k izLrqr djosQtek dhxbZ jkf'k izkIr dh tkldrh gSA

okf.kT; osaQæ,d ,slk LFkku tgk¡fofHkÂ mRiknu osaQnzksa lsvkus okyk eky [kjhnkvkSj cspk tkrk gSA

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?

rFkk mRikndrk dh gkfu] iqrZxkfy;ksa }kjk leqæh ekxks± ij fu;a=k.k vkSjcacbZ (orZeku eqacbZ) ls izfrLièkkZ tgk¡ 1668 esa v¡xzs”kh bZLV bafM;k daiuhus viuk eq[;ky; LFkkfir dj fy;k FkkA vkt lwjr ,d egÙoiw.kZokf.kfT;d osQanz gSA

tksf[ke&Hkjk nkSj µ elwyhiûe osQ fy, pqukSrh

elwyhiûe ;k eNyhiûe uxj Ñ".kk unh osQ MsYVk ij fLFkr gSA l=kgoha'krkCnh esa ;g fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj dh xfrfof/;ksa dk uxj FkkA

gkWySaM vkSj baXyaSM nksuksa ns'kksa dh bZLV bafM;k oaQifu;ksa us elwyhiûeij fu;a=k.k izkIr djus dk iz;Ru fd;k] D;ksafd rc rd og vkaèkz rV dklcls egÙoiw.kZ iÙku cu x;k FkkA elwyhiûe dk fdyk] gkWySaMokfl;ksaus cuk;k FkkA

eNqvkjksa dk ,d xjhc uxj

v¡xzs”kh bZLV bafM;k daiuh osQ ,d xqek'rs fofy;e esFkoYM us 1620 bZñ esa bu'kCnksa esa elwyhiûe dk o.kZu fd;k Fkk %

;g xksyoqQaMk dk eq[; iÙku gS] tgk¡ ijeiwT; bZLV bafM;k daiuh viuk,tsaV j[krh gSA ;g ,d NksVk uxj gS] ij ?kuk clk gqvk] fcuk fdlhpkjnhokjh osQ] vkSj [kjkc rjhosQ ls cuk gqvkA u gh ;g vPNh txgfLFkr gSA blosQ lHkh tyÏksr [kkjs ikuh osQ gSaA igys ;g ,d xjhceNqvkjk&uxj Fkk--- vkxs pydj ;gk¡ tgk”kksa osQ fy, yaxj Mkyus dhlqfoèkk gks xbZ] ftlls O;kikjh yksx ;gk¡ jgus yxs vkSj pw¡fd gekjs rFkkgkWySaM osQ fuoklh ;gk¡ bl rV ij vkrs&tkrs jgrs gSa] ;g muosQ fy,fuokl dh O;oLFkk djrk gSA

v¡xsz”kksa vkSj gkWySaMokfl;ksa us elwyhiûe esa viuh cfLr;k¡ clkusdk fu.kZ; D;ksa fy;k\

xksyoqQaMk osQ O+kqQRc'kkgh 'kkldksa us diM+ksa] elkyksa vkSj vU; ph”kksa dhfcØh ij 'kkgh ,dkfèkdkj ykxw fd;k_ ftlls fd ogk¡ dk O;kikj iwjhrjg bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh osQ gkFkksa esa u pyk tk,A fofHkÂ O;kikjh

xqek'rk;wjksih; Vªs Mx oaQiuh dhO;kikfjd xfrfof/;ksa osQizHkkjh vf/dkjh

2020-21

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86gekjs vrhr

lewgksaµxksyoqQaMk osQ oqQyhu oxks±] -iQkjlh lkSnkxjksa] rsyqxq dkseVh psf^;kjvkSj ;wjksih; O;kikfj;ksa us uxj dks ?kuh vkcknh okyk vkSj lef¼'kkyhcuk fn;kA tc eqX+kyksa us xksyoqQaMk rd viuh 'kfDr c<+k yh] rks muosQizfrfufèk lwcsnkj ehj ”kqeyk us] tks fd Lo;a ,d lkSnkxj Fkk] gkySaMokfl;ksavkSj v¡xzs”kksa dks vkil esa fHkM+kuk 'kq: dj fn;kA 1686&87 esa eqX+kyckn'kkg vkSjax”ksc us xksyoqQaMk dks eqX+ky lkezkT; esa feyk fy;kA

vc ;wjksih; daifu;ksa osQ lkeus vU; fodYi <w¡<us dh leL;k vk[kM+h gqbZA daiuh dh ubZ uhfr osQ varxZr osQoy bruk gh i;kZIr ugha Fkkfd iÙku] Hkhrjh izns'k osQ mRiknu osQanzksa osQ lkFk lacaèk cuk, j[kas_ cfYdbl ckr dh Hkh vko';drk eglwl dh xbZ fd diauh osQ u, osQanz ,dlkFk jktuhfrd] iz'kklfud rFkk okf.kfT;d Hkwfedk,¡ Hkh vnk djsaA tcdaiuh osQ O;kikjh] cacbZ (orZeku eaqcbZ) dydÙkk (orZeku dksydkrk)vkSj enzkl (orZeku psÂbZ) pys x,] rc elwyhi^ue viuss O;kikj vkSjlef¼ nksuksa gh [kks cSBk vkSj vBkjgoha 'krkCnh osQ nkSjku mldk v/%irugks x;k vkSj vkt og ,d NksVs&ls th.kZ&'kh.kZ uxj ls vfèkd oqQN ugha gSA

u, uxj vkSj O;kikjh

lksygoha vkSj l=kgoha 'krkfCn;ksa esa ;wjksi osQ ns'k] O;kikfjd mís';ksa lselkykas vkSj diM+ksa dh ryk'k esa yxs gq, Fks_ tks ;wjksi vkSj if'peh,f'k;k] nksuksa txg yksdfiz; gks x, FksA v¡xzs”kksa] gkWySaMokfl;ksa vkSj izQkalhfl;ksaus iwoZ esa viuh okf.kfT;d xfrfof/;ksa dk foLrkj djus osQ fy,viuh&viuh bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh cukb±A izkjaHk esa rks eqYyk vCnqy x-iwQj vkSjohjth oksjk tSls oqQN cM+s Hkkjrh; O;kikfj;ksa us ftuosQ ikl cM+h la[;k esatgk”k Fks] mudk eqdkcyk fd;kA fdarq ;wjksih; oaQifu;ksa us leqnzh O;kikjij viuk fu;a=k.k LFkkfir djus osQ fy, viuh ukS&'kfDr dk iz;ksx fd;kvkSj Hkkjrh; O;kikfj;ksa dks vius ,tsaV osQ :i esa dk;Z djus osQ fy,e”kcwj dj fn;kA varr% v¡xsz”k] miegk}hi esa lokZfèkd liQy okf.kfT;d,oa jktuhfrd 'kfDr osQ :i esa mHkjdj LFkkfir gks x,A

oL=kksa tSlh oLrqvksa dh ek¡x esa rs”kh vk tkus ls vfèkdkfèkd yksxksa usdrkbZ] cqukbZ] èkqykbZ] jaxkbZ vkfn dk èkaèkk viuk fy;kA blls bu f'kYiksa dkcgqr foLrkj gqvkA Hkkjrh; oL=kksa osQ :i&jax vkSj fM”kkbu vfèkdkfèkd

2020-21

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ifj"dr gksrs x,] foaQrq bl dky esa f'kYidkjksa dh Lora=krk ?kVus yxhAf'kYihtu is'kxh dh iz.kkyh ij dke djus yxs] ftldk vFkZ ;g Fkk fdmUgksaus ftu ;wjksih; ,tsaVksa ls igys gh is'kxh ys yh Fkh] mUgha osQ fy, mUgsadiM+k cquuk gksrk FkkA vc cqudjksa dks viuk diM+k ;k cqukbZ osQ uewuscspus dh Lora=krk ugha FkhA mUgsa rks oaQiuh osQ ,tsaVksa }kjk fuèkkZfjr fM”kkbuosQ diMs+ mUgha dh ek¡x osQ vuqlkj cukus iM+rs FksA

vBkjgoha 'krkCnh esa cacbZ] dydÙkk vkSj enzkl uxjksa dk mn; gqvk]tks vkt izeq[k egkuxj gSaA f'kYi vkSj okf.kT; esa cM+s&cM+s ifjorZu vk,]tc cqudj tSls dkjhxj rFkk lkSnkxj ;wjksih; oaQifu;ksa }kjk bu u, uxjksaesa LFkkfir ^CySd VkmUl*a esa LFkkukarfjr gks x,A ^CySd* ;kuh nslhO;kikfj;ksa vkSj f'kYidkjksa dks bu CySd VkmUl* esa lhfer dj fn;k x;k]tcfd xksjs 'kkldksa us enzkl esa I+kQksVZ lsaV tkWtZ vkSj dydÙkk esa I+kQksVZ lsaVfofy;e dh 'kkunkj dksfB;ksa essa vius vkokl cuk,A vBkjgoha 'krkCnh esaf'kYidykvksa rFkk okf.kT; dh dgkuh ge vxys o"kZ i<a+sxsA fp=k 8

izkjafHkd mUuhloha 'krkCnhesa cacbZ dh ,d lM+d

2020-21

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88gekjs vrhr

okLdks&fM&xkek vkSj fozQLVks-iQj dksyaclianzgoha 'krkCnh esa ;wjksih; ukfodksa }kjk leqnzh ekxZ [kkstus osQ vHkwriwoZ dk;Z fd, x,A muesals vusd ukfod Hkkjrh; miegk}hi rd igq¡pus dk ekxZ [kkstus vkSj elkys izkIr djus dhbPNk ls iszfjr FksA

iqrZxkyh ukfod okLdks&fM&xkek vVykafVd egklkxj osQ lkFk&lkFk ;k=kk djrs gq, osQivkWiQ xqM gksi ls fudydj vkSj fgan egklkxj dks ikj djosQ Hkkjr igq¡pkA mls viuhigyh ;k=kk dks iwjk djus esa ,d o"kZ ls Hkh vfèkd le; yxkA og 1498 esa dkyhdVigq¡pk vkSj vxys o"kZ iqrZxky dh jktèkkuh fyLcu ykSV x;kA bl leqnzh ;k=kk osQ nkSjkumlosQ pkj esa ls nks tgk”k u"V gks x, vkSj 170 ;kf=k;ksaesa ls osQoy 54 gh thfor cpsA bu izR;{k [krjksa osQcko”kwn tks ekxZ [kksys ;k [kksts x,] os vR;ar ykHkdkjhfl¼ gq, vkSj mlosQ ckn rks v¡xzs”k] gkWySaMoklh vkSjizQkalhlh ukfodksa us Hkh mldk vuqdj.k djuk izkjaHkdj fn;kA

Hkkjr igq¡pus osQ fy, leqnzh ekxks± dh[kkst dk ,d vU; lqifj.kke fudyk] ftldhfdlh dks vk'kk ugha FkhA ,d bVyhoklhfozQLVks-iQj dksyacl us Hkkjr igq¡pus dk ekxZ[kkstus osQ fy, vVykafVd egklkxj dks ikjdjosQ if'pe dh vksj ;k=kk djus dk fu'p;fd;kA mldk lkspuk Fkk fd pw¡fd iFoh xksygS] blfy, og if'pe dh vksj ls Hkh Hkkjrigq¡p ldrk gSA og 1492 esa osLVbaMht osQrV ij igq¡pk (osLVbaMht dk uke blh HkzkafrosQ dkj.k iM+k)A mlosQ ihNs Lisu vkSj iqrZxky osQukfod vkSj fotsrk Hkh ogk¡ vkrs jgs vkSj mUgksaus eè;vkSj nf{k.kh vesfjdk osQ cM+s&cM+s Hkkxksa dks viusdC”ks esa dj fy;k vkSj vdlj mu izns'kksa dh igysokyh cfLr;ksa dks u"V dj fn;kA

fp=k 9okLdks&fM&xkek

dYiuk djsa

vki l=kgoha 'krkCnh esa lwjr ls if'peh ,f'k;k dh;k=kk djus dh ;kstuk cuk jgs gSaA bl lacaèk esa vkioSQlh rS;kfj;k¡ djsaxs\

vU;=k

2020-21

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cht 'kCn

6

eafnj uxj

uxjhdj.k

fo'odekZ

okf.kT; osaQnz

^CySd Vkmu*

5

fiQj ls ;kn djsa

1- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ djsa %

(d) jktjkts'oj eafnj ______________

esa cuk;k x;k FkkA

([k) vtesj lwI+kQh lar ______________

ls lacaf/r gSA

(x) gEih ______________

lkezkT; dh jktèkkuh FkhA

(?k) gkWySaMokfl;ksa us vkaèkz izns'k esa ______________

ij viuh cLrhclkbZA

2- crk,¡ D;k lgh gS vkSj D;k xyr %

(d) ge jktjkts'oj eafnj osQ ewfrZdkj (LFkifr) dk uke ,d f'kykys[kls tkurs gSaA

([k) lkSnkxj yksx dkfI+kQyksa esa ;k=kk djus dh ctk; vosQys ;k=kk djukvfèkd ilan djrs FksA

(x) dkcqy gkfFk;ksa osQ O;kikj dk eq[; osQanz FkkA

(?k) lwjr caxky dh [kkM+h ij fLFkr ,d egÙoiw.kZ O;kikfjd iÙku FkkA

3- ratkowj uxj dks ty dh vkiwfrZ oSQls dh tkrh Fkh\

4- enzkl tSls cM+s uxjksa esa fLFkr ^CySd VkmUl* esa dkSu jgrk Fkk\

2020-21

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90gekjs vrhr

vkb, le>sa

5- vkiosQ fopkj ls eafnjksa osQ vkl&ikl uxj D;ksa fodflr gq,\

6- eafnjksa osQ fuekZ.k rFkk muosQ j[k&j[kko osQ fy, f'kYihtu fdrusegRoiw.kZ Fks\

7- yksx nwj&nwj osQ ns'kksa&izns'kksa ls lwjr D;ksa vkrs Fks\

8- dydÙkk tSls uxjksa esa f'kYi mRiknu ratkowj tSls uxjksa osQ f'kYi mRiknuls fdl izdkj fHkUu Fkk\

vkb, fopkj djsa

9- bl vè;k; esa of.kZr fdlh ,d uxj dh rqyuk vki] vius ifjfpr fdlhdLcs ;k xk¡o ls djsa\ D;k nksuksa osQ chp dksbZ lekurk ;k varj gaS\

10- lkSnkxjksa dks fdu&fdu leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk Fkk\ vkiosQfopkj ls D;k oSlh oqQN leL;k,¡ vkt Hkh cuh gqbZ gSa\

vkb, oQjosQ ns[ksa

11- ratkowj ;k gEih osQ okLrqf'kYi osQ ckjs esa oqQN vkSj tkudkjh izkIr djsa vkSjbu uxjksa osQ eafnjksa rFkk vU; Hkouksa osQ fp=kksa dh lgk;rk ls ,d LozSQicqdrS;kj djsaA

12- fdlh orZeku rhFkZLFkku dk irk yxk,¡A crk,¡ fd yksx ogk¡ D;ksa tkrs gSa]ogk¡ D;k djrs gSa] D;k ml osQanz osQ vkl&ikl nqdkusa gSa vkSj ogk¡ D;k[kjhnk vkSj cspk tkrk gS\

2020-21

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6f'kyihtu uxj] o;kikjh vksj · 2020. 10. 14. · pw¡fd o;kikfj;ksa dks vusd jkt;ksa rfkk...

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