Ch. 2Sec.

3 Wind

s

wind• horizontal movement of air

from an area of high pressure area of lower pressure

• caused by differences in air pressure

measuring wind

•anemometer- wind speed

• wind vane= wind direction–name of wind tells you where wind is coming from

–ex. west wind blows east

wind vane

factorfactor• increased cooling that a wind can cause

The wind chill factor is: -3° A 25° day with a wind speed of 20 miles

per hour will feel like a -3° day.

local winds• winds that blow over short distances

• caused by unequal heating of Earth’s surfaces within small area

sea breeze•blows from ocean or lake land

land breeze• flow of air from land body of water

monsoons• sea & land breezes over large

region that change direction w/ seasons

Global winds

• Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances

• Created by unequal heating of Earth’s surface

• Produced by movement of air between equator & poles

Coriolis effect•way Earth’s rotation makes winds curve

Coriolis Effect The Earth spins on its axis, which affects the direction of the

wind. In the Northern hemisphere winds are swung to the right, and in the Southern to the left.

Global wind belts

Examples of Global winds:• Polar Easterlies: From 60-90

degrees latitude

• Prevailing Westerlies: From 30-60 degrees latitude (aka Westerlies)

• Tropical Easterlies: From 0-30 degrees latitude (aka Trade Winds)

Calm areas produced by

Coriolis effect:

1. doldrums-

• little or no wind

•near equator

2. horse latitudes-• latitudes 30 degrees N & S of

equator

Major global wind belts are:

1. trade winds (easterlies)

• blow from horse latitudes equator

2. prevailing westerlies

• blow poles - away from horse latitudes

• blow from west east

3. polar easterlies•blow away from poles

Jet stream• bands of high speed winds

• about 10 km above Earth’s surface

• blow from west east

• affect airplanes’ fuel & flying time

• Aircraft often try to use the quick jet stream flow to save fuel on, and hasten, eastbound flights: for example if you were to fly from Los Angeles to New York. However, turbulence is often associated with the regions around the jet stream so it can be a bumpy ride at times!

Jet stream roars along high above earth

Make a wind vane

YOU NEED:1 straw 1 straight pin 1 index card pencil with eraser tape

DO THIS:1. Cut the point and tail of an arrow out of an index card.2. Tape them onto the ends of the straw.3. Push the pin through the middle of the straw.4. Stick the pin into the eraser of the pencil. Make sure the straw can turn freely.

Make an anemometerYOU NEED:

5 three ounce paper Dixie Cups 2 straws pin hole puncher scissors stapler sharp pencil with an eraser

DO THIS:•1. Take four of the Dixie Cups and use the paper punch to punch one hole in each, about a half inch below the rim.•Take the fifth cup and punch four equally spaced holes about a quarter inch below the rim. Then punch a hole in the center of the bottom of the cup.•Take one of the four cups and push a soda straw through the hole. Fold the end of the straw and staple it to the side of the cup across from the hole. Repeat this procedure for another one-hole cup and the second straw.•Slide one cup and straw assembly through two opposite holes in the cup with four holes. Push another one-hole cup onto the end of the straw just pushed through the four-hole cup. •Bend the straw and staple it to the one-hole cup, making certain that the cup faces the opposite direction from the first cup. Repeat this procedure using the other cup and straw assembly and the remaining one-hole cup. •Align the four cups so that their open ends face in the same direction either clockwise or counter-clockwise around the center cup. •Push the straight pin through the two straws where they intersect. •Push the eraser end of the pencil through the bottom hole in the center cup. Push the pin into the end of the pencil eraser as far as it will go.

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