6th grade sol review key.notebook - google search

6th grade sol review key.notebook

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May 61:05 PM

6th Grade SOL Science Review

I. List the planets in order from the sun to the outer reaches of our solar system. Develop a mnemonic to help you remember the order of the planets.

M____ V____ E____ M____ J____ S_____U_____ N_____ P___

MNEMONIC:

May 61:09 PM

II. Compare and contrast Earth's rotation and revolution. Develop a word or picture association to help you remember which is which.

Wordor pictureassociation

Wordor pictureassociation

Rotation Revolution


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May 61:13 PM

III. Draw and label Earth's revolution around the Sun on the chart below. Write a paragraph explaining why we experience seasons in the Northern Hemisphere.

May 61:15 PM

IV. Space Science Terms: Match the terms in Column A with the definition in Column B.

Column A Column B1. Astronomical Unit2. Asteroid3. Axis4. Comet5. Gravitational Pull6. Light Year7. NASA8. Orbit9. Satellite10. Revolution11. Rotation

A. Movement of a planet around the sun.B. All space programs in the U.S. are operated from here.C. A small body that circles the sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.D. The turning of a planet on its axis.E. A big ball of dirty ice and snow in space.F. The attraction that one object has for another due to gravity.G. Small body or moon orbiting a planet.H. The approximate distance from the sun to Earth.I. The path a planet follows around the sun.J. The distance light can travel in one year.K. An imaginary line that passes from pole to pole through the center of a planet.


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May 61:23 PM

V. Inner vs. Outer Planets

The planets are split into two large categories: inner planets and outer planets. The inner planets are the planets that are between the sun and the asteroid belt. The outer planets begin on the other side of the asteroid belt.

A. List the inner planets.1.2.3.4.

B. List the outer planets.1.2.3.4.*5.

C. Draw a picture of the solar system. Include the sun, all nine planets, the asteroid belt, and any other "objects" that you would like to include, such as a comet, black hole, etc.

May 61:33 PM

IV. Phases of the Moon

As the moon revolves around the Earth, we can see different amounts of the moon's lighted part. Study the drawing of the moon's different phases and each phase as it would be seen from the Earth. Label each phase using the word bank below.


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May 62:13 PM

VI. Resources

People, as well as other living organisms, are dependent upon the availability of clean water and air and a healthy environment. Local, state, and federal governments have significant roles in managing and protecting air, water, plant, and wildlife resources. There are many renewable and nonrenewable resources that must be managed and considered in terms of their cost/benefit tradeoffs.

A. Define the following terms:1. Renewable resource: ________________________________ _________________________________________________2. Nonrenewable resource: _____________________________ __________________________________________________

B. List the following resources as being either renewable or nonrenewable.

CoalNatural Gas

BiomassSolar

Uranium

PropaneHydropower

WindGeothermal Petroleum

Renewable Resource Nonrenewable Resource

May 62:29 PM

C. Some people in the United States tend to live throwaway lifestyles, throwing away something once it is used rather than reusing or recycling it. The graph below shows the amounts of different materials consumed by an American in one year compared to the rest of the world. Use the graph to answer the questions below.

1. Which material shows the greatest difference in the amounts used by Americans and the rest of the world?2. Why do you think there is such a huge difference between what Americans use in one year compared to what people in the rest of the world use in one year?3. Would you consider the materials in the graph as renewable or nonrenewable?


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May 68:17 PM

VII. Earth's Energy Budget

The Earth receives only a very small portion of the sun's energy, yet this energy is responsible for powering the motion of the atmosphere, the oceans, and many processes at the Earth's surface. The Earth's climate system constantly tries to maintin a balance between the energy that reaches the Earth from the Sun and the energy that is emitted to space. This is referred to as the Earth's "radiation budget".

A. Look at the Earth's Energy Budget diagram and answer the following questions.

1. Determine the radiation budget by looking at the Earth’s Energy Budget. (Subtract the amount of solar energy from the total amount of reflected energy from the Earth in order to determine the radiation budget). _________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. What is the total percentage of the incoming solar energy reflected from the Earth by the atmosphere, clouds, and Earth’s surface?_________________________________________________3. Is the total percentage of the incoming solar energy reflected from the atmosphere, clouds, and Earth’s surface less than or greater than the incoming solar energy absorbed by the land and oceans? ________________________________________________________4. If the amount of incoming solar energy reflected from the Earth’s surface tripled, how much energy would be reflected? _________________________________________________________5. What is the total percentage of absorbed energy by the atmosphere, clouds, and land and oceans? _________________________________________________________6. What is the total percentage of energy radiated from the clouds and atmosphere and directly to space from earth? _________________________________________________________

May 68:22 PM

B. Up and down, and all around!Use the diagram below to fill in the information in the paragraph.

At the equator, _____________ air rises. Some of this warmth is trapped by the __________________, while the rest continues up through the atmosphere and into ________________. The warm, trapped air travels ____________ or _____________ over top of cooler air that moves along the earth towards the _______________ to fill the gap left by the rising _______________ air. As the warm air higher in the atmosphere starts to cool, it will begin to __________ to earth again north or south of where it started. Without this movement of ____________ from the equator, the North would be even chillier than it is! These air currents or winds also help move ____________ ocean water from the equator into the ___________ regions, which is another way of keeping the North a wee bit warmer. This movement of cool and warm air creates air _____________ at the local level as well. Have you seen birds hanging in the air without flapping? They are taking advantage of the rising warmer air, called ____________. Dropping cool air can create ______________. The difference in ___________ energy levels causes a temperature difference between the ____________ and the ___________. This temperature difference causes oceanic and atmospheric ______________. Ocean ______________ are caused by winds, differences in temperature, and differences in salinity. __________ water is denser than ____________ water. __________ water is denser than _______________ water. _____________ water near the poles is denser and tends to _____________.


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May 68:27 PM

C. Label the convection currents in the picture to illustrate how air moves. Use the following words to complete the illustration.

f Rising warm airf Air cools and sinksf Ground

May 68:29 PM

VIII. A Cycle of WaterThe amount of water on Earth today is exactly the same amount that was here millions of years ago. A special process called the water cycle is continuously moving water from Earth’s surface into the atmosphere and then back again. Study the diagram of the water cycle. Write each water cycle term from the word bank in the correct blank to label the diagram. Then write each term next to its correct definition below.

Runoff

Transpiration

Precipitation

Condensation

Evaporation

Infiltration

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. _______________

8. _______________

9. _______________

10. ______________

11. ______________

12. ______________

Water in the form of rain,snow, sleet, or hail that falls from clouds onto Earth's surface.The process by which clouds form as water vapor cools and changes into liquid water droplets.How water soaks down into the ground.

Water that flows across land and into streams, rivers, or oceans.

The process by which water on Earth's surface changes from liquid to water vapor.

Evaporation of water into the atmosphere from the leaves and stems of plants

Evaporation

Condensation

Precipitation

Runoff

Infiltration

Transpiration

Precipitation

Condensation

Infiltration

Runoff

Evaporation

Transpiration


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May 68:40 PM

IX. Water

What Do you Know?

Directions: Look over the list of words and terms in the Word Bank. Which words are you so confident you know what you could teach them to the class? List those words in the "KNOW FOR SURE" column below. Which words to you kind of know but would need a little review before teaching the class? List those words in the "KIND OF KNOW" column. List all other words in the "CLUELESS" column.

Word Bank

adhesioncapillary action

chemical weatheringcohesion

condensationdensity

evaporationphysical weathering

precipitationsolvent

surface tensiontranspiration

May 68:48 PM

Water Words

1. __________ is the attractive forces between unlike molecules.2. Water moving up a small tube from the force of attraction is _______________ _________________.3. The process that breaks down rock through chemical change is _____________ _________________.4. _________________ occurs when molecules experience strong intermolecular attracive forces (between like molecules).5. ________________ is the amount of mass per unit of volume.6. The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid change to a gas is called _______________.7. ______________ _____________ is the break down of the earth's material without undergoing a physical change.8. Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are all examples of __________________.9. The part of the solution that does the dissolving is the _________________.10. ______________ _______________ is the tightness across the surface of water caused by the polar molecules pulling on each other.11. The process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves is called _____________.12. ________________ is the process by which a gas changes to a liquid.


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May 68:52 PM

May 68:53 PM

X. CloudsA. Cloud formationClouds are formed when rising air is cooled and the water vapor condenses on tiny particles in the air. The tiny water droplets are so small that they remain suspended in the air. Use the illustration below to answer the questions.

1. Water from the earth’s surface moves into the air by ________________ and becomes __________.2. The rising air mass becomes cooled and the water vapor _________.3. What are the probable sources of each of these particles found in the atmosphere?a. Salt ___________________________________________________b. Dust __________________________________________________c. Smoke ________________________________________________4. Why do the cloud droplets not fall to the earth as soon as they are formed? _____________________________________________________5. Why can we see a cloud? ___________________________________6. What causes the shape of a cloud? ___________________________


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May 68:57 PM

B. Cloud Types1. Identify the cloud types below using the following words: stratus, cumulus, and cirrus.

May 69:00 PM

B. Cloud Types continued

2. Clouds are formed by the _________________________ of water.3. Which type of clouds are associated with rain?________________4. Which type of cloud is associated with fair weather? ___________5. The speed and direction of movement of clouds is determined by the ______________.6. Large, fluffy clouds are formed when air moves ______________; layered clouds are formed when air moves ____________________.7. Which type of cloud signals the approach of a change of weather? ______________8. Tell the type of cloud found at each of the following altitudes:a. Low altitude: _______________________________b. High altitude: _______________________________9. Write the cloud type from Column B in the space before its description in Column A.

Column A Column B

__________a. White fluffy masses with flat bases.__________b. Low gray clouds without a definite form.__________c. Formed by ice crystals.__________d. Give winter skies a gray, dull color.__________e. Wispy, feathery appearance.__________f. May become extremely large, black, and ominouslooking in hot summer days.

Cirrus

Stratus

Cumulus

Cumulus

Stratus

CirrusStratus

CirrusCumulus


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May 69:07 PM

XI. WeatherA. FrontsA front is a boundary where different air masses meet but do not mix. Write the words from the word bank in the correct blanks to match each type of front with its definition.

Cold Front

Stationary Front

Warm Front

Occluded Front

1. ____________________ A warm air mass slides over a cold air mass. This type of front can cause precipitation in the form of rain, sleet, or snow.2. ____________________Colder air forces warm air upward, which closes off warm air from Earth's surface.3. ____________________A cold air mass and a warm air mass move toward each other. The warm air gets lifted over the top of the cold air and forms clouds. This often results in heavy rain or snowstorms.4. ____________________ Neither cold air nor warm air advances or moves. Where the two fronts meet, temperatures do not change and gentle winds occur.

May 69:11 PM


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May 69:12 PM

May 69:13 PM

B. PrecipitationPrecipitation is water vapor that condenses and falls to the earth. Depending on the conditions in the atmosphere, precipitation can fall in a number of forms. Identify each form of precipitation by drawing its symbol next to its description.


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May 69:18 PM

C. Weather MapsWeather maps provide data from which meteorologist prepare weather forecasts. To accurately read a weather map you must be able to understand the weather map symbols. Label each of these weather map symbols using the word bank.

Rain

Snow

Low pressure

Occluded front

Cloudy

Stationary front

Cold front

Thunderstorm

Warm front

Partly cloudy

Clear skies Wind speed & direction

High pressure

May 69:21 PM

Weather is the condition of the atmosphere.Weather is a result of heat from the sun and the Earth's air and water.

Weather Factors Definitions Factors that Affect Measurement

Air Temperature Measure of the amount of heat in the air.

Location on EarthAmount of radiation from the sun

Thermometer Measures temperature in degrees Celsius

Air or Atmospheric Pressure

The force of air exerted on an area on Earth from all directions, including directly down.

Gravity pulling on airAltitudeDensity and temperature of air

Barometer average pressure of atmosphere at sea level 1 bar

Wind Movement of air from an area of high pressure to low pressure; described by speed and direction

Differences in the amount of solar radiation receivedCoriolis effect; rotation of the Earth

Wind vane measures wind directionAnemometer measures wind speed in kilometers/hour

Moisture,

including:Humidity

Relative Humidity

Cloud Formation & Types of Clouds

Precipitation

Water in the atmosphereHumidity amount of water vaporRelative Humidity amount of water vapor compared to max amountCloud Formation & Types warm air moves upward, expands, & cools; water vapor condenses around salt, dust, or smokePrecipitation water falling from clouds

Air temperature, volume, humidity, and pressure

Hygrometer used to measure humidityPsychrometer used to measure relative humidity; given as a %Cloud Shape & Height • Stratus smooth layers at low elevation• Cumulus puffy, white• Cirrus high, thin, white, featheryRain gauge measures amount of precipitation in centimeters


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May 69:23 PM

XII.The Atmosphere

The atmosphere is made up of layers that have distinct characteristics. Temperature decreases as altitude increases in the lowest layer of the atmosphere. Most of the air that makes up the atmosphere is found in the troposphere. Virtually all weather takes place there.

A. Way Up in the SkyDirections: Write each layer of the atmosphere from the word bank in the correct blank to label the diagram. Then write each term next to its correct description below.

Stratosphere

MesosphereThermosphere

ExosphereTroposphere

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. _____________Layer containing high temperatures due to absorption of the sun's rays.7. _____________ Layer closest to Earth's surface, contains 90% of the atmosphere's total mass; all weather occurs here.8. _____________ Coldest layer of the atmosphere; located above the stratosphere.9. _____________Layer above the troposphere that contains ozone.10. ____________ Outermost layer of the atmosphere; contains almost no air molecules.

Exosphere

Thermosphere

Mesosphere

Stratosphere

Troposphere

Thermosphere

Troposphere

Mesosphere

StratosphereExosphere

May 69:29 PM

B. Graphing the Atmosphere

Use the data table of altitudes and temperatures to create a line graph of the atmosphere’s varying temperatures. Then answer the questions below.


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May 69:32 PM

XIII. WatershedA. MatchingDirections: Match each of the vocabulary terms with the correct definition.

May 69:36 PM

B. River SystemA river may begin its journey to the sea high up in the mountains as a melting glacier, or as a number of small streams and brooks high up in the hills. As the river flows downhill the moving water reshapes the land by carrying away sand, stones, and clay. The river and all the water that flows into it make up the river system.Label the parts of the river system with the word bank below.

Glacier

Oxbow Lake

Tributary

RapidsAlluvial Fan

WaterfallMeander

Lake

Delta


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May 69:39 PM

May 1011:25 AM

Test What and/or Why Method

pH Measures how acidic or basic a solution is

pH strips, test kits

Temperature Influences all organisms in water, changes dissolved oxygen

Thermometers

Salinity Amount of salt in water, controls types of plants and animals in area

Test Kits

DissolvedOxygen

Best indicator of water's health

Test Kits

Turbidity Clarity or transparency of water

Black & white weighted disk lowered in water

Macroinvertebrates

Bottomdwelling organisms presence of them indicates water quality

Kick net or scoop sample from bottom of pond bed

Nutrients Excess nutrients causes algae to grow, decreases dissolved oxygen

Test Kits


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May 69:53 PM

Critical ThinkingWhere Cassie lives it rains almost every day in the summer. She recorded the daily rainfall for one week and started the graph below to display her data.

1. On Saturday, it rained 1.2 inches. Add that day's rainfall to Cassie's graph.

2. How much more did it rain on the day with the most rainfall than on the day with the least rainfall? __________

3. The sum of the rainfall on two days equals the amount of rain that fell on Friday. Which two days were these? ________________________________

4. The amount of rain that fell on Saturday is twice the amount of rain that fell on another day. Which day was this? __________________

5. The sum of the rainfall on some days equals the amount of rain that fell on Thursday. Which days were these? ____________________________________________

6. What was the total weekly rainfall? _____________________

7. What is the mean daily rainfall? _______________________

8. What is the median rainfall? _________________________

9. What is the mode of the rainfall? ______________________

May 610:03 PM

6th Grade Review Questions Part I

1. Venus, the moon, Mars, and the sun are all visible in our sky. All but one of these reflect light from another source. Which of the following produces its own light?

A. VenusB. The moonC. MarsD. The sun

2. Which of the following has the least effect on lake water temperature?A. The depth of the waterB. The angle of the incoming sun raysC. The number of fish in the lakeD. The lake's surface area

3. Fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal have what kind of energy?A. Mechanical energyB. Chemical energyC. Electrical energyD. Nuclear energy

4. Astronomers view objects in space through scientific instruments known as A. MicroscopesB. HygrometersC. TelescopesD. Barometers

5. Which of the following causes the sun to appear to set?A. The revolution of the sunB. The rotation of the EarthC. The revolution of the EarthD. The rotation of the sun


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May 610:08 PM

6th Grade Review Questions Part 2

1. According to the chart, on which planet would a ball fall the fastest?A. EarthB. JupiterC. NeptuneD. Saturn

2. Which of these is a result of burning fossil fuels?A. Acid RainB. Clean waterC. Hydroelectric energyD. Solar energy

3. A student designs and builds a 1:1000 scale model of the Mt. Fuji volcano in Japan. Since Mt. Fuji is about 3,800 m high, what is the height of the model?

A. 0.38 metersB. 3.8 metersC. 380 metersD. 3,8000 meters

4. Which body in the solar system usually contains at atmosphere?A. An asteroidB. A planetC. A meteorD. A comet

5. Which of these resources would give the most current, complete, and accurate information on planets?

A. Planet website by Rock Round Middle SchoolB. The NASA websiteC. A set of general encyclopediasD. A science book about the planets

May 610:13 PM


1. Which of these planets in the solar system was the most recently discovered?A. MarsB. VenusC. JupiterD. Pluto

2. The force the holds the planets in orbit around the sun is called A. MotionB. FrictionC. PressureD. Gravity

3. Which of these has the most influence on ocean tides?A. The magnetic field of the EarthB. Gravity between the Earth and the moonC. Radiation from the sunD. Electrical forces in the atmosphere

4. A group of people were concerned about a new coalburing power plant that might be built in their neighborhood. What is probably their main concern?

A. Burning coal produces more heat than burning woodB. The heat from burning coal can drive generators to produce electricityC. Burning coal produces sulfur dioxide which contributes to acid rainD. There is more coal in the earth than there is oil and gas

5. Which of these would be the best model to use to study the cause of the moon's phase changes?


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May 610:19 PM


1. This chart represents the type and number of items collected in a beach cleanup. Based on the above chart, what percentage of the total items collected from the beaches was plastic?

A. 46%B. 49%C. 56%D. 70%

2. The science of astromony is concerned with the observation and analysis of the movements of celestial objects. The invention of which instrument was most helpful to the advancement of astronomy?

A. TelescopeB. MicroscopeC. CameraD. Geiger counter

3. There are many reasons why the use of oil needs to be managed carefully. Which of the following is not one of these reasons?

A. There are only limited supplies of oil in the EarthB. Oil spills at sea have killed many marine animalsC. Burning oil contributes to acid rain and the greenhouse effectD. Oil was created by plants and animals

4. Because burning fossil fuels creates much pollution, alternatives are being investigated. What might limit the use of wind as a major energy source?

A. The strength of wind variesB. Wind machines have huge blades to capture the windC. Turbines and generators in the wind machines create electricityD. Wind power does not create pollution.

5. At which of these points is it 12:00 noon?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

May 69:42 PM

Chesapeake Bay Watershed Activity

A watershed is the land area that drains into a specific body of water. For example, water from 6 states and the District of Columbia drains into the Chesapeake Bay. Its watershed includes 64,000 square miles of land. Human activities and land use in the watershed affect the amount of water that runs into a body of water.

The James River is the largest Bay watershed in Virginia. It includes the Upper, Piedmont, Middle, and Lower subwatersheds. Water runoff from the watershed carries sediment, nutrients, and toxins into the James River and the Chesapeake Bay.

In this activity, you will calculate the amount of runoff that occurs, based on the land usage and area.

Imagine that the watershed recieved 5 cm of rain (0.05 m). Imagine that the rain fell equally on all parts of the watershed. Use the information from Table 1 to calculate the amount of rainfall received over the total area. Multiply the amount of rainfall in meters times the total land area in meters (to convert from km to m, multiply km by 1000).

Volume of Rainfall = ________________ cubic meters

Using the information in Table 1, determine the amount of rainfall that fell on each part of the watershed. Then determine the amount of runoff from each type of land surface, based on the information given. To determine the amount of runoff, multiply the volume of rainfall by the percentage of water that can run off.

Conclusion: Describe the relationship between land use and the amount of runoff that occurs. As more and more people move into the Chesapeake Bay watershed, how is land use going to change? How will this affect the amount of runoff that occurs? What types of material can be found in the runoff that would damage the Chesapeake Bay?

6th grade sol review key.notebook - google search

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