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Crisis, War and Witchcraft in Europe 7.2 Juan,Yesenia,& Carlos

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Page 1: 7 2 power point

Crisis, War and Witchcraft in Europe

7.2

Juan,Yesenia,& Carlos

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1560 – 1650 Severe economic and social crisis

• Problems• Inflation (rising prices)

for land and food.• Growing population to

support.• 1600 – economic

slowdown in parts of Europe.

• Spain – Economy dependent on silver and mines were producing less silver.

• Loss of Muslim and Jewish Artisans and merchants hurt their economy.

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1560 – 1650 Severe economic and social crisis (cont.)

• Population Increased from about 60 million in 1500 to 85 million by 1600.

• Population declined by 1650 (more in the central and southern).

• Warfare plague and famine contributed to population decline.

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Witchcraft Trails

• Belief in witchcraft (or magic) was part of traditional village culture for centuries.

• During this time, intense hysteria affected lives of many Europeans.

• More than 100,000 people charged with witchcraft.

• As more were brought to trail, fear of witches grew with the fear of being accused of witchcraft.

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Witchcraft Trials (Cont.)Background Information

• Common people, usually the poor and those without property, were most often accused of such charge.

• More than 75% accused were women that were single or widowed and over 50 years old.

• Under intense torture, accused witches confessed to a number of practices.

• Such as. ------------------------

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Witchcraft Practices

• Sworn allegiance to the devil.

• Attended Sabbaths.

• Nightly gatherings.

• Some admitted of casting evil spells.

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Ending Of Witchcraft

• By the end of 1650 witchcraft hysteria begun to lessen and governments grew stronger, fewer officials were willing to disrupt their societies with witch trials any more.

• Ending of the old view of a world haunted by evil spirits.

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The Stuarts and Divine Right

• With the death of Queen Elizabeth 1 the Tudor dynasty came to an end.

• The Stuart line of rulers began with accession to the throne of Elizabeth’s cousin James I of England.

• The belief that James received all his power from God and was responsible only to God is called divine right of kings. Parliament did not think much of this though.

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The Stuarts and Divine Right (Cont.)

• The puritans didn’t like the king’s strong defense of the church of England.

• Many of England’s gentry had chosen to become puritans. The puritan gentry became an important part of the House of Commons.

• Charles I also believed in the divine right of kings just like his father James I.

• In 1628,parliament passed a petition that prohibited the passing’s of any taxes without parliaments consent.

• Charles tried to impose more ritual on the church. When he tried to impose this puritans moved to the Americas.

• The religious struggles of the reformation impacted America greatly.

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The Stuarts and Divine Right (1642)

• *Civil war broke out in 1642 between the supporters of the kings and the parliamentary forces.

• Parliament was victorious because of the new model army of Oliver Cromwell.   

• The new model army consisted of well disciplined and trained men in the new military tactics of the 17th century.

• Parliament later chose to execute Charles I on January 30,1649. This left England in horrid state of mind.

• Parliament then abolished the monarchy and the house of Lords. They also declared England a republic or commonwealth

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The Restoration

• Cromwell ruled until he died in 1658. George Monk created a situation favorable to restoring the monarchy in the place of Charles the second.

• Parliament passed laws to restore the Church of England as the state religion and restricting some rights of Catholics and puritans.

• But Charles suspended the laws. Parliament began to become suspicious and forced him to back down on his action.

• When Charles died leaving no heirs to the throne, James the second became king in 1685.

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The Restoration(Cont.)

• Because James was a devout catholic religion as once again an issue between parliament and king.

• He promoted Catholics to high positions in society.