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8 Appendix

Beliefs about consequences of

behavior X

Intentions to perform behavior X Behavior X

Attitude toward behavior X

Normative beliefs about

behavior X

Subjective norm concerning behavior X

Beliefs about consequences of

behavior X

Intentions to perform behavior X Behavior X

Attitude toward behavior X

Normative beliefs about

behavior X

Subjective norm concerning behavior X

Appendix 1: Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein and Ajzen 1975, p.16)

Intention Behavior

Behavioral beliefs Attitude toward the behavior

Control beliefs Perceived behavioral control

Normative beliefs Subjective norm

Actual behavioral

control Appendix 2: Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen 1985)

8 Appendix 144

Canada 2002

USA 1998

Kuwait 2005IT 2004AT 2007FR 2008

UK 2003GER 1999

UAE 2004

Australia 2005

Canada 2002

USA 1998

Kuwait 2005IT 2004AT 2007FR 2008

UK 2003GER 1999

UAE 2004

Australia 2005

Canada 2002

USA 1998

Kuwait 2005IT 2004AT 2007FR 2008

UK 2003GER 1999

UAE 2004

Australia 2005

Appendix 3: Overview international rollout of BMW ConnectedDrive (as of July 2007)

GSM

GSMNutzer

Server�

�

GSM

Call Center

Access to Call Center

Content (geocoded)

SMS with GPSCoordination

Voice connectivity�

�

Access via Internet (optional)

Telematic ServiceProvider

Vehicle

GSMGSM

GSMGSMNutzer

Server�

�

GSMGSM

Call Center

Access to Call Center

Content (geocoded)

SMS with GPSCoordination

Voice connectivity�

�

Access via Internet (optional)

Telematic ServiceProvider

Vehicle

Appendix 4: Overview on technical architecture of BMW ConnectedDrive

8 Appendix 145

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

European Commission 11/1994Financial Times ITS 1998UBS Warburg 08/2000

Million of telematic hardware units per year

Appendix 5: Forecast for telematic devices from the previous years

8 Appendix 146

OEM Product Available in… Features

Fiat Connect Nav+ Europe E-Call, B-Call, Information call with reception of contact data through built-in phone with customer SIM

PSA "Citroen/Peugeot Assistance"

FR, GE, IT, ES, BeNeLux

E-Call and B-Call through built-in phone with customer SIM

Volvo OnCall 14 countries in Europe and USA

E-Call and B-Call through autonomous system

GM (Lexus under license)

OnStar USA E-Call, B-Call, Information call (without backward channel into vehicle) via autonomous System

Mercedes Tele Aid USA E-Call, B-Call, Information call (without backward channel into vehicle) via autonomous System

Several offerings from Honda, Toyota, Nissan and Mazda in Japan and Australia (Holden as subsidiary of GM with a version of OnStar)

Appendix 6: Overview of OEM competitors (as of July 2007)

8 Appendix 147

Appendix 7: Understanding of English claims in Germany (only available in German) (Endmark 2006)

8 Appendix 148

PROMAX ROTATED LOADINGSNonusers Factorn=709 1 2 3 4 5 6 7OEM_BE1 0.592OEM_BE2 0.562OEM_BE3 0.439OEM_B1 0.790OEM_B2 0.777OEM_B3 0.843OEM_SUPP 0.458CS_PREM 0.460CS_INNO 0.878CS_BFIT 0.770PU_TIME 0.839PU_INFO 0.642PU_ENTER 0.624PU_DAILY 0.926PU_OVER 0.820PC_CONTR -0.607PC_COMPL -0.509PC_OVER -0.823EOU_LEAR 0.783EOU_CLEA 0.996EOU_OVER 0.889PRE_ME 0.946PRE_OTH 0.694PE_ENTER -0.650PE_JOY -0.684PE_FUN -0.739Eigenvalues 8.016 2.865 2.376 1.603 1.332 1.124 0.982 Appendix 8: Nonuser explorative factor analysis (7-factor solution)

PROMAX ROTATED LOADINGSUsers

n=934 1 2 3 4 5 6OEM_BE1 0.669 OEM_BE2 0.632 OEM_BE3 0.542 OEM_B1 0.744 OEM_B2 0.716 OEM_B3 0.765 OEM_SUPP 0.475 CS_PREM 0.645CS_INNO 0.899 CS_BFIT 0.834PU_TIME 0.805PU_INFO 0.691 PU_ENTER 0.758 PU_DAILY 0.761 PU_OVER 0.819 PC_COMPL -0.375 EOU_LEAR 0.843 EOU_CLEA 0.964 EOU_OVER 0.949 PRE_ME 0.542 PRE_OTH 0.387 PE_ENTER 0.953 PE_JOY 0.522 PE_FUN 0.625 SATISFY1 0.788SATISFY2 0.947SATISFY3 0.696Eigenvalues 9.686 2.915 1.979 17.167 1.258 1.015

Factor

Appendix 9: User explorative factor analysis

8 Appendix 149

PROMAX ROTATED LOADINGSUsersn=934 1 2 3 4 5 6 7OEM_BE1 0.681 OEM_BE2 0.632 OEM_BE3 0.559 OEM_B1 0.739 OEM_B2 0.699 OEM_B3 0.775 OEM_SUPP 0.466 CS_PREM 0.85 CS_INNO 0.721 CS_BFIT 0.757 PU_TIME 0.745 PU_INFO 0.793 PU_ENTER -0.374 PU_DAILY 0.843 PU_OVER 0.965 PC_COMPL 0.948 EOU_LEAR 0.958EOU_CLEA 0.677EOU_OVER 0.924 PRE_ME 0.546 PRE_OTH 0.654 PE_ENTER 0.625 PE_JOY 0.905 PE_FUN 0.853 SATISFY1 0.792 SATISFY2 0.956 SATISFY3 0.703 Eigenvalues 9.686 2.915 1.979 17.167 1.258 1.015 0,917

Factor

Appendix 10: User explorative factor analysis (7-factor solution)

Criteria for confirmative factor analysisUsers n=934 Discriminant validity

Item FactorStandardized

Estimate Standard errorSignificance of

loadings Factor reliabilityAverage variance

extracted Fornell/Larcker RatioOEM_BE1 0.471 0.029 16.290OEM_BE2 0.526 0.030 17.437OEM_BE3 0.411 0.027 15.021OEM_B1 0.529 0.029 18.521OEM_B2 0.796 0.032 24.893OEM_B3 0.645 0.030 21.384OEM_SUPP 0.520 0.039 13.364CS_PREM 0.816 0.035 23.308CS_INNO 0.774 0.031 24.797CS_BFIT 0.724 0.033 22.005PU_TIME 0.868 0.025 35.373PU_INFO 0.757 0.032 23.625PU_DAILY 0.868 0.025 35.373PU_OVER 0.938 0.028 33.946PC_COMPL -0.462 0.041 -11.375EOU_LEAR 0.830 0.033 25.287EOU_CLEA 0.929 0.028 33.279EOU_OVER 0.943 0.028 34.283PRE_ME 1.172 0.039 29.898PRE_OTH 0.989 0.040 24.479PE_ENTER 0.889 0.033 26.648PE_JOY 0.880 0.029 30.119PE_FUN 1.035 0.027 37.649PU_ENTER 0.666 0.044 15.144SATISFY1 0.935 0.026 36.016SATISFY2 0.921 0.033 28.003SATISFY3 0.935 0.026 36.016

0.862 0.692

Satisfaction

Perceived Usefulness

Perceived Ease of Use

Prestige

Perceived Enjoyment

0.662

Convergent validity

OEM Brand

Connected Services Brand

0.420

0.481

0.894 0.650 0.672

0.882 0.426

0.927 0.644

0.963 0.777 0.834

0.495

0.891 0.585 0.889

1.006

0.843

Appendix 11: User CFA including quality criteria

8 Appendix 150

Correlation matrix for latent variables

OEMBRAND PU PC EOU PE PRESTIGE CSBRANDOEMBRAND 1.000PU 0.318 1.000PC -0.129 -0.309 1.000EOU 0.162 0.271 -0.294 1.000PE 0.329 0.750 -0.282 0.390 1.000PRESTIGE 0.331 0.443 -0.097 0.172 0.591 1.000CSBRAND 0.354 0.621 -0.251 0.367 0.639 0.491 1.000ATTI 0.321 0.623 -0.385 0.262 0.593 0.408 0.578INT_BUY 0.265 0.655 -0.323 0.245 0.614 0.386 0.474TRI -0.058 -0.051 0.289 -0.280 -0.189 0.041 -0.127PRI_TRAN 0.127 0.190 -0.177 0.197 0.187 0.170 0.265PRI_FAIR 0.234 0.361 -0.138 0.109 0.311 0.327 0.341CAR_INNO 0.223 0.165 -0.087 0.141 0.204 0.135 0.278TEC_HEDO 0.355 0.303 -0.117 0.216 0.406 0.371 0.365

ATTI INT_BUY TRI PRI_TRAN PRI_FAIR CAR_INNO TEC_HEDOATTI 1.000INT_BUY 0.577 1.000TRI -0.120 -0.107 1.000PRI_TRAN 0.251 0.217 -0.076 1.000PRI_FAIR 0.388 0.421 -0.057 0.401 1.000CAR_INNO 0.193 0.144 -0.094 0.101 0.105 1.000TEC_HEDO 0.309 0.269 -0.146 0.148 0.207 0.374 1.000

Nonuser. n=709

Appendix 12: Nonuser correlation matrix

Correlation matrix for latent variables

OEMBRAND PU EOU PE PRESTIGE CSBRAND SATISFYOEMBRAND 1.000PU 0.365 1.000EOU 0.224 0.487 1.000PE 0.410 0.720 0.497 1.000PRESTIGE 0.402 0.412 0.249 0.586 1.000CSBRAND 0.454 0.606 0.338 0.608 0.479 1.000SATISFY 0.355 0.805 0.529 0.716 0.424 0.628 1.000ATX_INDN -0.116 -0.258 -0.195 -0.279 -0.155 -0.163 -0.189TRI -0.030 -0.127 -0.286 -0.169 -0.063 -0.118 -0.160PRI_TRAN 0.181 0.304 0.327 0.286 0.177 0.340 0.326PRI_FAIR 0.269 0.448 0.241 0.348 0.291 0.415 0.447CAR_INNO 0.257 0.233 0.198 0.269 0.181 0.305 0.239TEC_HEDO 0.338 0.262 0.230 0.401 0.424 0.288 0.274

USAGE TRI PRI_TRAN PRI_FAIR CAR_INNO TEC_HEDOCSBRANDSATISFYATX_INDN 1.000TRI 0.057 1.000PRI_TRAN -0.091 -0.171 1.000PRI_FAIR -0.106 -0.046 0.381 1.000CAR_INNO -0.078 -0.162 0.158 0.119 1.000TEC_HEDO -0.110 -0.153 0.157 0.111 0.342 1.000

User. n=934

Appendix 13: User correlation matrix