1. North Industries Superior Navy Large populationTransportation-supplies Opposed slavery Ability to raise $$(taxes) Better POLITICALleadershipMORE BANKS$SouthRaw materials Knowledge of territory(Defensive War) Leadershipgenerals(Lee) Economic relationshipwith England Slave labor Causeway of life

2. Industrial_Rev_Cause_War_1min29 3. Missouri requested admission to Union 11 Slave, 11 Free States Upset balance in SenateMissouri Compromise -- Maine admitted as free state Missouri admitted as slave stateRest of Louisiana Territory split 36 30 north latitude (southern border of Missouri) North of linefree South of lineslavery legal 4. Tariffs on Imports 1824 & 1828 Hurt Southern economy Loss of inexpensive British imports Forced to buy expensive Northern goods Felt North getting rich off South John Calhoun developed nullification theory Constitution established by sovereign states States still sovereign Have right to determine Congressional acts unconstitutional South Carolina declares tariffs null and void withinstate Couldnt get support from other Southern states South Carolina did get tariffs lowered Proved a single state could force its will on Congress 5. Was started becausePolk said Mexico hadillegally crossed intoAmerican Territory Whigs (led by AbeLincoln) opposedMexican War Treaty of GuadalupeHidalgo ended war Gained (present day)California, Nevada, NewMexico, Utah, ArizonaColorado and Wyoming-RioGrande was boundary Wilmot Proviso-prohibitedSLAVERY in landacquired fromMexico House passed 2x,Senate rejected Angered the South becauseit was in disagreement ofMissouri Compromise 6. Gold Rush caused California population to growApplied for statehood as free stateCompromise of 1850 California admitted as free No slavery restrictions on rest of Mexican cession Slave trade abolished D.C., not slavery New fugitive slave law passed *UTAH/NEW MEXICO left up to popular sovereignty*Threats of southern secession became morefrequent 7. Compromise_1850_Fugitive_Slave_Law_59sec 8. Allowed owners to huntdown runaways Accused runaways sent backto SouthHurt Southern cause Newspaper accounts changedattitudes Previously indifferentNortherners now hostile Northerners actions increased Led to Underground Railroad 9. Harriet Beecher Stowe,Abolitionist, authoredthe book Uncle TomsCabinBook was used aspropaganda to showthe inhumanity ofslavery.Southerners wereenraged by this book 10. Settling the Great Plains Sen. Stephen Douglas wanted to settle NebraskaTerritory allowing slavery issue based on popularsovereigntyProblem: Kansas and Nebraska territory laynorth of Missouri Compromise lineSolution: divide territory Nebraska in north next to free state Illinois Kansas in south just west of slave state MissouriSignificance of Act repealed/nullifiedMissouri Compromise 11. Kansas_Nebraska_Act_44sec 12. Dred Scott slave living in Missouri taken by owner to free states to live for a while returned to Missouri1854 sued in federal court for freedom believed since had lived in free territory, should be free federal court ruled against himAppealed to Supreme Court ruled against him since not a citizen, did not have right to use courtsystem living in free state does not make him free 13. Abolitionist John Brown planned insurrection Help slaves break free from masters Needed weapons to give to slavesOct. 16, 1859 led a band of men into HarpersFerry, Virginia goal to seize the federal arsenal and start a slaveuprisingFederal troops put down rebellion authorities tried Brown and sentenced to death byhanging Last statement: I, John Brown, amnow quite certain that the crimes ofthis guilty land can never be purgedaway but with blood. 14. Effects: Strengthened abolitionists feeling inNorth Boosted abolitionist movement Turning point for SouthViewed as proof Northerners wereplotting to murder slave holdersCaused South to plan for war 15. 1860 Presidential election Abraham Lincoln, Republican candidate pledge to halt the further spread of slavery reassured the Southerners that he would not interferewith their slaves, or with them, about their slaves Viewed as enemy by many Southerners Lincolns victory leads to Southern secession less than half the popular votes no electoral votes from the South saw his victory as a loss of political voice in national govt 16. Lincoln_Elected_South_Secede_5min49sec 17. South Carolina seceded Dec. 20, 1860 Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, andTexasFormed the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis elected PresidentFort Sumter, South Carolina Confederacy demanded Union troops leave fort Confederates attacked fort April 1861 forced Union to surrender marks beginning of Civil War 18. First Battle of Bull Run SignificanceMade it clear North needed large, well-trainedarmy to defeat the South 19. Antietam Significance Early Turning Point of WAR- Unionvictory convinced GB and France toremain neutral Bloodiest 1-day battle in AmericanHistory; convinced Lincoln timehad come to end slavery 20. Vicksburg Significance Essential to the ANACONDA PLAN Cut the Confederacy in two by takingover the Mississippi River 21. Gettysburg Significance Turning point in East; Union victoryensured Britain not recognizeConfederacy as nation Stopped Lees advancement North 22. Sept 1862 Lincoln issued the EmancipationProclamation Freed all enslaved persons in states still at war with theUnion after Jan 1, 1863 Only applied to those states within Confederacy Border states could still have slaves Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and Delaware were slave states thatremained in the Union Proclamation gave war moral purpose Moving away from secession issues to a war to free slaves 23. April 9, 1865Confederate General Robert E. Leesurrendered toUnion General Ulysses S. Grantat Appomattox Courthouse 24. Thirteenth Amendment - abolished slaveryFourteenth Amendment granted citizenship toall persons born or naturalized in theUnited States Fifteenth Amendment granted suffrage (votingrights) to African American males 25. Lincoln found that the war required activeand PROMPT presidential action duringwartimeLincoln suspended the writ of habeascorpus for everyone living betweenWashington DC & PhiladelphiaLincoln explanation: It was necessary to setaside small provisions of the Constitutionduring wartime in order to save the Union 26. Death of Abraham Lincoln on April 14,1865 at Fords theatre VP Andrew Johnson assumes presidencyuntil 1868 President Grant is elected 1868, due tostrong abolitionist loyalties 27. Rebuilding of the South Physically, economically, politically Military districts were created to help bringorder to SouthSouthern states had to write new constitutionand ratify 14th Amendment before allowedback in UnionSouth could never return to pre-Civil Warstatus 28. SOCIAL POLITICAL Black codes inSouthern Statesthat wereintended to placelimits onsocioeconomicopportunities ofblacks Public schoolsestablished inSouth AfricanAmericanswere elected toHouse &Senate Militaryoccupation ofSouth allowed Confederateleaders werepunishedECONOMICAL The majority ofFREEDMENbecamesharecroppers-werepromised40acres & mule South tried todiversifyeconomyWhat was theFreedmens BureauWhat was a Carpetbagger? 29. FreedmenAt the end of the Civil War, there were hundreds of thousands formerslaves living in the former Confederate States.How would freed men andwomen be treated in theSouthern States?What do you think were someof the major challenges facedby former slaves? 30. New President: 1876- Rutherford B. HayesWhile this ends reconstruction it had manyfaults. Republicans would withdrawal troopsfrom South Republicans had to support internalimprovements of South President Hays had to appoint 1southerner to Cabinet This is also when Civil Rights wasabandoned by South and North as itpertained to the South 31. Conflicts over slaveryissues Economic differencesbetween North andSouth Election of Lincoln Secession ofSouthern states Attack on Ft. Sumter Abolishment ofslavery Reconstruction ofthe South Nation reunited Civil Rights lawspassed Approx. 680,000dead