(7) consonants (transcription & pronunciation)

Transcription

Pronunciation

CONSONANTSPART TWO

Eka Andriyani, S.Pd., M.Hum

/p/

/p/

is a voiceless bilabial plosive

sound.

1

Pronounce the following words:

pocket

pair

pain

pork

compose

depart

support

suppose

stamp

lamp

ship

sheep

[pɒkɪt]

[peə(r)]

[peɪn]

[pɔ:k]

[kəmpəʊz]

[dɪpɑ:t]

[səpɔ:t]

[səpəʊz]

[stæmp]

[læmp]

[ʃɪp]

[ʃi:p]

Contrast /p/ and /f/:

pan fan

pull full

pair fair

leap leaf

[pæn] [fæn]

[pʊl]

[peə(r)]

[li:p]

[fʊl]

[feə(r)]

[li:f]

Read the Following Sentences Aloud!

This is a pan. It isn’t a fan. The pan is full of

peanuts. Don’t pull it because it’s full.

That’s a lamp. It’s over there near an inkpot. Paul

wants to paint the lamp.

I have some pairs of compasses. The compasses

are made of plastic.

/b/

/b/

is a voiced bilabial plosive

sound.

2


back

bad

ball

barrel

cabbage

marble

notebook

rubbish

job

lab

cab

club

[bæk]

[bæd]

[bɔ:l]

[bærəl]

[kæbɪdʒ]

[mɑ:bl]

[nəʊtbʊk]

[rʌbɪʃ]

[dʒɒb]

[læb]

[kæb]

[klʌb]

Contrast /b/ and /p/:

bin pin

symbol simple

robe rope

cab cap

[bɪn]

[sɪmbl]

[rəʊb]

[kæb]

[pɪn]

[sɪmpl]

[rəʊp]

[kæp]


Bob is a school boy.

He has a lot of notebook.

His books are in his bag.

His bike isn’t bad.

He bought it from Mr. Brown.

But he sometimes goes to the lab by cab.

/t/

/t/

is a voiceless alveolar

plosive sound.

3


table

tail

tall

tea

sit

attend

attentive

between

eat

fat

potato

pat

[teɪbl]

[teɪl]

[tɔ:l]

[ti:]

[sɪt]

[ətend]

[ətentɪv]

[bɪtwi:n]

[i:t]

[fæt]

[pəteɪtəʊ]

[pæt]

Contrast /t/ and /Ɵ/:

tin thin

debt death

tent tenth

tick thick

[tɪn]

[det]

[tent]

[tɪk]

[θɪn]

[deθ]

[tenθ]

[θɪk]


Tom is a tall boy. He’s attentive and intelligent,

too. He’s seldom stays here. He’s at the hospital

now. He’s eating some potatoes and drinking a

cup of tea. He’s sitting between the table and

basket.

Thomas is visiting two people today. They’re at

the hospital. They’re talking to the doctor. The

doctor isn’t tall. He’s short and a bit fat.

/d/

/d/ is a voiced alveolar plosive

sound.

4


do

dance

deep

doll

daughter

lady

garden

powder

ready

ladder

bad

abroad

food

sad

wood

[du:]

[dɑ:ns]

[di:p]

[dɒl]

[dɔ:tə(r)]

[leɪdi]

[gɑ:dn]

[paʊdə(r)]

[redi]

[lædə(r)]

[bæd]

[əbrɔ:d]

[fu:d]

[sæd]

[wʊd]

Contrast /t/ and /d/:

writing riding

letter ladder

bat bad

mat mad

[raɪtɪŋ]

[letə(r)]

[bæt]

[mæt]

[raɪdɪŋ]

[lædə(r)]

[bæd]

[mæd]


David is doing his homework now. David is darning his socks.

Jane is in the garden. She’s feeding the chicken. She can dance and has a doll.

Those children are always glad. They’re never sad. They’re good children, too. Their dad is abroad now. He’s an ambassador and is in Sydney now.

/k/

/k/ is a voiceless velar plosive

sound.

5


kite

key

cab

cabbage

quarter

become

became

include

because

back

bike

attack

traffic

pork

[kaɪt]

[ki:]

[kæb]

[kæbɪdʒ]

[kwɔ:tə(r)]

[bɪkʌm]

[bɪkeɪm]

[ɪnklu:d]

[bɪkɒz]

[bæk]

[baɪk]

[ətæk]

[træfɪk]

[pɔ:k]


Cathy is a cook. She can cook very well. She’s

cooking in the kitchen right now. She’s making

some cakes and cutting cabbages.

It’s nine o’clock now. Cathy is going to the

market. She’s taking a basket with her. She’s

going to the market by bike.

/g/

/g/

is a voiced velar plosive

sound.

6


garbage

girl

God

gold

gun

agree

beggar

mango

English

ago

big

egg

get

beg

again

[gɑ:bɪdʒ]

[gɜ:l]

[gɒd]

[gəʊld]

[gʌn]

[əgri:]

[begə(r)]

[mæŋgəʊ]

[ɪŋglɪʃ]

[əgəʊ]

[bɪg]

[eg]

[get]

[beg]

[əgeɪn]

Contrast /k/ and /g/:

come gum

class glass

dock dog

back bag

[kʌm]

[klɑ:s]

[dɒk]

[bæk]

[gʌm]

[glɑ:s]

[dɒg]

[bæg]


This is an egg. It’s big and good. The beggar wants to get it. I can give it to the beggar. He can get these mangoes too.

Look at that girl. She has a gun in her hand. She’s smoking a cigarette and reading a magazine. What’s in the girl’s bag? There’s a big flag in the bag.

That’s the girl’s dog. Look! The dog is running after the beggar. The beggar is giving the egg to the dog. What a lucky dog!.

/m/

/m/ is a voiced bilabial nasal

sound.

7


make

mayor

match

manage

measure

amount

bumpy

cemetery

common

damp

come

comb

climb

bomb

lamb

[meɪk]

[meə(r)]

[mætʃ]

[mænɪdʒ]

[meʒə(r)]

[əmaʊnt]

[bʌmpi]

[semətri]

[kɒmən]

[dæmp]

[kʌm]

[kəʊm]

[klaɪm]

[bɒm]

[læm]


Mr. Mason is the Mayor of the metropolitan city.

He’s a kind man. Many women want to meet him.

Mr. Mason like them, too.

Mr. Mason’s favorite meal is lamb chop. That’s

why Mrs. Mason often buys lamb.

Mr. Mason likes playing games. Sometimes he

climb palm trees.

/n/

/n/is a voiced alveolar nasal

sound.

8


nail

narrow

naughty

navy

neck

banana

candy

candle

danger

handle

fan

pan

bean

curtain

train

[neɪl]

[nærəʊ]

[nɔ:ti]

[neɪvi]

[nek]

[bənɑ:nə]

[kændi]

[kændl]

[deɪndʒə(r)]

[hændl]

[fæn]

[pæn]

[bi:n]

[kɜ:tn]

[treɪn]

Contrast /n/ and /l/:

main mail

rain rail

mean meal

pin pill

corn call

[meɪn]

[reɪn]

[mi:n]

[pɪn]

[kɔ:n]

[meɪl]

[reɪl]

[mi:l]

[pɪl]

[kɔ:l]


Ben has lunch at one o’clock in the afternoon.

Then he usually takes a nap for an hour. After

that he plays badminton with his friends and

neighbors.

Ben has a niece. Her name’s Nancy. Ben often

calls on her. Nancy’s nice girl, not a naughty one.

But she can play neither tennis nor badminton.

/ŋ/

/ŋ/

is a voiced velar nasal

sound.

9


singer

finger

English

sinking

thinking

sing

ring

hang

wrong

wing

[sɪŋə(r)]

[fɪŋgə(r)]

[ɪŋglɪʃ]

[sɪŋkɪŋ]

[θɪŋkɪŋ]

[sɪŋ]

[rɪŋ]

[hæŋ]

[rɒŋ]

[wɪŋ]

Contrast /n/ and /ŋ/:

sin sing

thin thing

win wing

ban bang

Ron wrong

[sɪn]

[θɪn]

[wɪn]

[bæn]

[rɒn]

[sɪŋ]

[θɪŋ]

[wɪŋ]

[bæŋ]

[rɒŋ]


Ron is ironing his handkerchief now. He’s singing while he’s ironing.

Ron has a long fingers. He’s very good at playing guitar.

Ron plays Ping-Pong. He plays in the morning before leaving the house.

He’s trying to increase his skill by practicing every morning.

I think Ron prefers singing to playing Ping-Pong.

/f/

/f/

is a voiceless labiodental

fricative sound.

1

0


face

farm

father

fork

photo

afraid

afternoon

coffee

difficult

elephant

leaf

life

wife

laugh

photograph

[feɪs]

[fɑ:m]

[fɑ:ðə(r)]

[fɔ:k]

[fəʊtəʊ]

[əfreɪd]

[ɑ:ftənu:n]

[kɒfi]

[dɪfɪkəlt]

[elɪfənt]

[li:f]

[laɪf]

[waɪf]

[lɑ:f]

[fəʊtəgrɑ:f]

Contrast /p/ and /f/:

pork fork

pace face

wipe wife

cop cough

leap leaf

[pɔ:k]

[peɪs]

[waɪp]

[kɒp]

[li:p]

[fɔ:k]

[feɪs]

[waɪf]

[kɒf]

[li:f]


Philip is a farmer.

He’s a friend of my father.

The farmer is thin, but his wife is fat.

Philip’s wife likes drinking coffee.

She always laughs.

Philip and his wife live a happy life indeed.

/v/

/v/ is a voiced labiodental

fricative sound.

11


vase

vegetable

village

vinegar

visit

never

heavy

clever

advice

giving

love

have

live

move

leave

[vɑ:z]

[vedʒtəbl]

[vɪlɪdʒ]

[vɪnɪgə(r)]

[vɪzɪt]

[nevə(r)]

[hevi]

[klevə(r)]

[ədvaɪs]

[gɪvɪŋ]

[lʌv]

[hæv]

[lɪv]

[mu:v]

[li:v]

Contrast /f/ and /v/:

ferry very

fast vast

safe save

off of

[feri]

[fɑ:st]

[seɪf]

[ɒf]

[veri]

[vɑ:st]

[seɪv]

[ɒv]


David is a farmer. He lives in a village not far from here.

We visit David and his wife every Friday.

They often give us vegetables fruit and various kinds of beans.

David’s nephew also lives on the farm. He’s a university student.

/θ/

/θ/

is a voiceless dental fricative

sound.

1

2


thank

thing

think

thumb

three

nothing

anything

bathroom

birthday

bath

mouth

month

both

fifth

[θæŋk]

[θɪŋ]

[θɪŋk]

[θʌm]

[θri:]

[nʌθɪŋ]

[eniθɪŋ]

[bɜ:θdeɪ]

[bɑ:θ]

[maʊθ]

[mʌnθ]

[bəʊθ]

[fɪfθ]

[bɑ:θru:m]

Contrast /s/ and /θ/:

sank thank

sin thin

sick thick

pass path

[sæŋk]

[sɪn]

[sɪk]

[pɑ:s]

[θæŋk]

[θɪn]

[θɪk]

[pɑ:θ]


This is my thumb. It’s thin. It isn’t thick. I have two thumbs, not three. Both are thin.

I’ve got nothing in my mouth. There isn’t anything in my mouth.

My birthday is on the fifth of next month.

I’m going to the bathroom now. I want to take a bath.

Thank you for everything.

/ð/

/ð/

is a voiced dental fricative

sound.

1

3


this

that

these

those

they

father

mother

brother

together

rather

weather

breathe

[ðɪs]

[ðæt]

[ði:z]

[ðəʊz]

[ðeɪ]

[fɑ:ðə(r)]

[mʌðə(r)]

[brʌðə(r)]

[təgeðə(r)]

[rɑ:ðə(r)]

[weðə(r)]

[bri:ð]

Contrast /z/ and /ð/:

breeze breathe

bays bathe

[bri:z]

[beɪz]

[bri:ð]

[beɪð]


Cathy’s father, mother, and brother are sick.

They aren’t healthy.

They can’t bathe in the river for three days.

The weather is rather bad.

It’s hard for them to breathe.

These are their clothes.

They are in the room.

They would rather stay there.

/s/

/s/is a voiceless alveolar

fricative sound.

1

4


sailor

sister

son

ceiling

cigarette

expensive

hospital

inside

interesting

lesson

advice

bus

miss

house

announce

[seɪlə(r)]

[sɪstə(r)]

[sʌn]

[si:lɪŋ]

[sɪgəret]

[ɪkspensɪv]

[hɒspɪtl]

[ɪnsaɪd]

[ɪntrəstɪŋ]

[lesn]

[ədvaɪs]

[bʌs]

[mɪs]

[haʊs]

[ənaʊns]


That’s Mr. Smith. He is a sailor. He lives in this street. His house is small.

Mr. Smith’s son is an officer. He’s near the hospital, close to the mosque.

This is his scooter. It’s an expensive one.

Mr. Smith’s sister is a nurse. She’s in the hospital now. She isn’t sewing.

/z/

/z/

is a voiced alveolar fricative

sound.

1

5


zoo

zinc

zebra

zero

zipper

houses

doesn’t

isn’t

those

busy

business

arise

has

is

bags

[zu:]

[zɪŋk]

[zebrə]

[zɪərəʊ]

[zɪpə(r)]

[dʌznt]

[haʊsɪz]

[ɪznt]

[ðəʊz]

[bɪzi]

[bɪznəs]

[əraɪz]

[hæz]

[ɪz]

[bægz]

Contrast /s/ and /z/:

ice eyes

bus buzz

price prize

caps cabs

backs bags

[aɪs]

[bʌs]

[praɪs]

[kæps]

[bæks]

[aɪz]

[bʌz]

[praɪz]

[kæpz]

[bægz]


This house has six rooms, twelve windows and

four doors. The rooms are big.

Look at these tables. This table isn’t small. There

are books, cups, pencils, boxes, and dictionaries

on it. But there aren’t any spoons, forks, and

knives on the table.

/ʃ/

/ᶴ/

is a voiceless

palato-alveolar fricative sound.

1

6


ship

sugar

shop

short

shoe

ash

nation

fish

wash

rubbish

brush

English

finish

shame

she

push

[ʃɪp]

[ʃʊgə(r)]

[ʃɒp]

[ʃɔ:t]

[ʃu:]

[æʃ]

[neɪʃn]

[fɪʃ]

[wɒʃ]

[rʌbɪʃ]

[brʌʃ]

[ɪŋglɪʃ]

[fɪnɪʃ]

[ʃeɪm]

[ʃi:]

[pʊʃ]

Contrast /s/ and /ᶴ/:

see she

sort short

same shame

ass ash

lass lash

[si:]

[sɔ:t]

[seɪm]

[æs]

[læs]

[ʃ i:]

[ʃ ɔ:t]

[ʃeɪm]

[æʃ]

[læʃ]


Mary is an English lass. She can speak English very well, of course. She is in a bookshop right now. She wants to but some shirts.

That’s a good shirt. But it’s too short for her.

Her father is a fisherman. He wants some sugar, an ashtray, a rubbish bin, and a tooth-brush.

Mary has an examination this month. She’s sure that she’ll pass in the examination.

/ʒ/

/ʒ/

is a voiced palato-alveolar

fricative sound.

1

7


usual

explosion

confusion

occasion

conclusion

leisure

measure

prestige

treasure

[ɪkspləʊʒn]

[ju:ʒʊəl]

[kənfju:ʒn]

[əkeɪʒn]

[kənklu:ʒn]

[leʒə(r)]

[meʒə(r)]

[presti:ʒ]

[treʒə(r)]


Susan learns English for pleasure in her leisure

time. As usual, she wears some rouge. She

doesn’t want to lose her prestige. That’s our

conclusion.

She’s in the garage now. She’s measuring the

length of her car. After that, she’s going to read

the novel entitled “Treasure Island”.

/h/

/h/

is a voiceless glottal fricative

sound.

1

8


house

horse

help

hotel

half

ahead

behave

behind

behavior

behalf

[haʊs]

[hɔ:s]

[help]

[həʊtel]

[hɑ:f]

[əhed]

[bɪheɪv]

[bɪhaɪnd]

[bɪheɪvɪə(r)]

[bɪhɑ:f]


John has a horse. He rides on his horse at least

an hour a day.

He has a house, too. His house is behind the

hotel.

John always behaves well. His behavior pleases

everyone. In fact, John is an honest fellow. He’s

an honorable man indeed.

/tʃ /

/tʃ/is a voiceless palato-alveolar

affricate sound.

1

9


chalk

chair

cheap

chess

teacher

question

picture

furniture

branch

teach

watch

match

[tʃɔ:k]

[tʃeə(r)]

[tʃi:p]

[tʃes]

[ti:tʃə(r)]

[kwestʃən]

[pɪktʃə(r)]

[fɜ:nɪtʃə(r)]

[brɑ:ntʃ]

[ti:tʃ]

[wɒtʃ]

[mætʃ]

Contrast /ʃ/ and /tʃ/:

sheep cheap

shoes choose

wash watch

[ʃi:p]

[ʃu:z]

[wɒʃ]

[tʃi:p]

[tʃu:z]

[wɒtʃ]


Look at those children. The teacher is watching

them. Each child has a picture.

The teacher is asking them some questions. He

is doing it just for pleasure, I guess.

The teacher teaches English. He likes the

children very much. The children are fortunate

indeed.

/dʒ/

/dʒ/

is a voiced palato-alveolar

affricate sound.

2

0


job

June

January

gentleman

soldier

religion

major

engineer

refrigerator

orange

page

village

bridge

[dʒɒb]

[dʒu:n]

[dʒænjuəri]

[dʒentlmən]

[səʊldʒə(r)]

[rɪlɪdʒən]

[meɪdʒə(r)]

[endʒɪnɪə(r)]

[rɪfrɪdʒəreɪtə(r)]

[ɒrɪndʒ]

[peɪdʒ]

[vɪlɪdʒ]

[brɪdʒ]

Contrast /tʃ/ and /dʒ/:

chain Jane

cheap Jeep

rich ridge

[tʃeɪn]

[tʃi:p]

[rɪtʃ]

[dʒeɪn]

[dʒi:p]

[rɪdʒ]


John is an Englishman. He’s an engineer. His job

is to fix machines and engines.

John has a refrigerator. There are some oranges

in the refrigerator. John got them in a village.

John used to be a soldier. He was a sergeant in

the Army. He has been to Japan and Germany.

/r/

/r/

is a voiced alveolar

approximant sound.

2

1


right

wrong

ruler

rabbit

run

arrange

carrot

breakfast

brown

tree

[raɪt]

[rɒŋ]

[ru:lə(r)]

[ræbɪt]

[rʌn]

[əreɪndʒ]

[kærət]

[brekfəst]

[braʊn]

[tri:]


Mr. Brown is an American. He’s a driver and drives very well. He eats bread and butter for breakfast. He seldom eats rice.

Mr. Brown has two children, Mary and Bruce. The children frequently read story books. They can speak French and Russian, too.

Mr. Brown has a house and a garage. His house is quite roomy and has three bathrooms. The house and garage are bright grey in color.

/j/

/j/

is a voiced palatal

approximant sound.

2

2


young

yellow

yard

university

usual

beyond

beautiful

you

yes

[jʌŋ]

[jeləʊ]

[jɑ:d]

[ju:nɪvɜ:səti]

[ju:ʒʊəl]

[bɪjɒnd]

[bju:tɪfl]

[ju:]

[jes]


Many graduates of the Senior High School go to the

university every year.

These young people want to continue their studies at

the higher level of education. But only a few of them

usually succeed in their studies at the university.

The students’ failure is partly due to their poor

knowledge of English. The European language is not

only useful and beautiful as well.

/w/

/w/

is a voiced velar approximant

sound.

2

3


wall

window

wallet

wood

would

toward

swallow

quite

quiet

quick

wait

wet

[wɔ:l]

[wɪndəʊ]

[wɒlɪt]

[wʊd]

[wʊd]

[təwɔ:dz]

[swɒləʊ]

[kwaɪt]

[kwaɪət]

[kwɪk]

[wet]

[weɪt]

Contrast /w/ and /v/:

west vest

wary vary

wiper viper

whale veil

[west]

[weəri]

[waɪpə(r)]

[weɪl]

[vest]

[veəri]

[vaɪpə(r)]

[veɪl]


It is wrong to say that the quality of the English language is better than the quality of Bahasa Indonesia.

What is quite true is the fact that the two languages are difficult.

The vowels of the two languages are not similar.

However, quite many people can master the languages pretty well.

/l/

/l/

is a voiced alveolar

lateral-approximant sound.

2

4


long

laugh

love

leave

belong

clean

slave

ball

pull

table

example

[lɒŋ]

[lɑ:f]

[lʌv]

[li:v]

[bɪlɒŋ]

[kli:n]

[sleɪv]

[bɔ:l]

[pʊl]

[teɪbl]

[ɪgzɑ:mpl]

Contrast /l/ and /r/:

long wrong

light right

lice rice

glass grass

[lɒŋ]

[laɪt]

[laɪs]

[glɑ:s]

[rɒŋ]

[raɪt]

[raɪs]

[grɑ:s]


Our classroom is eleven feet long. The

whiteboard is made of plywood. The windows are

made of glass.

Our school yard is quite long and is full of grass.

We’re not allowed to play and walk on the grass,

so it always looks clean and beautiful.

(7) consonants (transcription & pronunciation)

Education

following sentences

following words

voiceless velar plosive

voiced bilabial plosive

voiced velar plosive

voiced alveolar plosive

hes attentive

hes short