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Lesson #7 God’s Love for Israel (8: 1-20) 1 God's Love for Israel

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Page 1: 7. God's Love for Israel - Amazon Web Serviceslogosdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/.../007-Gods-Love-for-Israel.pdf · God's Love for Israel 2 ... God's Love for Israel 16 “. . . So Abraham

Lesson#7God’sLoveforIsrael

(8:1-20)

1God'sLoveforIsrael

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OncetheIsraelitescrosstheJordanRiverandbegintheconquestofCanaantheywillspendanen<regenera<onatwar;indeed,considerablylongerthanagenera<on,sincetheywillneverfullyconquerthelandun<lthe<meofkingDavid,some400yearsaDertheini<alinvasion.

OntheplainsofMoabGodcommandsthatwhentheIsraelitesbegintheirconquest,theyshouldputtheconqueredpeople“undertheban...makenocovenantwiththemanddonotbegracioustothem...consumeallthepeopleswhichtheLord,yourGod,isgivingovertoyou...donotlookonthemwithpity...maketheirnamesperishfromundertheheavens”(7:2-24).

Whentheconquestbegins,Godsays,“killthemall.”

Deuteronomy7raisedseriousmoralandethicalissueswhenviewedthroughthelensof21st-centuryChris<anity.Weexploredsomeofthoseissuesinthislesson,andwestrovetounderstandthecontextfromwhichthisepisodeemerges.

God'sLoveforIsrael 2

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Aswecon<nuetheintroductorysec<onofMoses’2ndDiscourse(Deuteronomy6-11),Lesson#7reinforcestheShema(6:4-9),inwhichGodimplorestheIsraelitestolovehimwiththeirwholeheart,wholebeingandwholestrength,withanabsolute,all-consumingandsingulardevo<on.

WhereastheconcerninLesson#6reflectedIsrael’sfearthatthepeopleofCanaanwouldbetoostrongforthemtodefeat,theirci<estoopowerfultooverthrow;heretheconcernreflectsGod’sfearthatoncese[ledinthelandandenjoyingitsbenefits,IsraelwillforgetGodanda[ributetheirsuccesstotheirownefforts.Godvoicedthisconcernearlierin6:10-19,buthereitismoreexplicit,moreovert.

TocounterGod’sfearheremindstheIsraeliteshowhe“tested”theminthewilderness,a“tes<ng”aimedatrevealingGod’sgenuineloveforhispeople,whileprobingthepeople’smo<vesforlovingGod.

3God'sLoveforIsrael

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ADerovercomingstaggeringoddsandachievinggreatsuccess,itishumannaturetosayinourhearts:“ItismyownpowerandthestrengthofmyownhandthathasgoJenmethis[success]”(8:17).

We’veallfeltthatwayatone<meoranother,whetheritbeathle<csuccess,successinbusinessorsuccessinacademicorsociallife.Weforget—oroverlook—thatitwasGodwhogaveustheabilitytobeginwith;itwasGodwhoclearedthepath,crea<ngopportunity;itwasGodwhoblessedusalongthewayandwhowatchedoverusalongthejourney.

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Godaddressesforthrightlysuchingra<tudeinanicely-structuredchiasm:

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Deuteronomy8

A ObserveGod’scommandsandlive(1)

B Trialinthewildernessandmanna(2-6)

C ProsperingandthankingGod(7-9)

C’ ProsperingandforgefngGod(10-14)

B’ Mannaandtrialinthewilderness(15-16)

A’ ForgetGod’scommandsanddie(17-20)

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Deuteronomy8

A ObserveGod’scommandsandlive(1)

B Trialinthewildernessandmanna(2-6)

C ProsperingandthankingGod(7-9)

C’ ProsperingandforgefngGod(10-14)

B’ Mannaandtrialinthewilderness(15-16)

A’ ForgetGod’scommandsanddie(17-20)

God'sLoveforIsrael 7

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8God'sLoveforIsrael

“Be careful to observe this whole commandment that I enjoin on you today, that you may live and increase, and may enter in and possess the land which the Lord promised on oath to your ancestors. Remember how for these forty years the Lord, your God, has directed all your journeying in the wilderness, so as to test you by affliction, to know what was in your heart: to keep his commandments, or not. He therefore let you be afflicted with hunger, and then fed you with manna . . .

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Chapter8beginswithawarning:“Becareful!”TheHebrewwordis“shamar”[shah-mair’],anditoccurs59<mesinDeuteronomy,withthesenseof“beonguard”or“payclosea[en<on.”

Aswe’venotedinpreviouslessons,Deuteronomyisfirstandforemostadidac<cwork,craDedtoteachtheIsraeliteswhattheyneedtoknowabouttheirrela<onshipwithGodandthecriterianecessarytoprosperintheland.

WhetherspokentothoseontheplainsofMoabortothoserecentlyreturnedfromtheBabyloniancap<vity,themessageisclear:“Listen!”

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Deuteronomy8

A ObserveGod’scommandsandlive(1)

B Trialinthewildernessandmanna(2-6)

C ProsperingandthankingGod(7-9)

C’ ProsperingandforgefngGod(10-14)

B’ Mannaandtrialinthewilderness(15-16)

A’ ForgetGod’scommandsanddie(17-20)

God'sLoveforIsrael 10

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11God'sLoveforIsrael

“Be careful to observe this whole commandment that I enjoin on you today, that you may live and increase, and may enter in and possess the land which the Lord promised on oath to your ancestors. Remember how for these forty years the Lord, your God, has directed all your journeying in the wilderness, so as to test you by affliction, to know what was in your heart: to keep his commandments, or not. He therefore let you be afflicted with hunger, and then fed you with manna . . .

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12God'sLoveforIsrael

“. . . a food unknown to you and your ancestors, so you might know that it is not by bread alone that people live, but by all that comes forth from the mouth of the Lord. The clothing did not fall from you in tatters, nor did your feet swell these forty years. So you must know in your heart that, even as a man disciplines his son, so the Lord, your God, disciplines you. Therefore, keep the commandments of the Lord, your God, by walking in his ways and fearing him.”

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WehavelookedatGod“tes<ng”hispeopleearlierDeuteronomy6:16,whereGodwarnedhispeople:“YoushallnotputtheLord,yourGod,tothetest,asyoudidatMassah.”

WelearnedthattheHebrewword“test”isnacha[nah-saw’],anditmeansto“prove,”“test,”or“assay,”asone“tests”metalbyapplyingheatandliquefyingittodetermineitscons<tuentelements.

WhenappliedtotheIsraelites,Goddoesnot“test”themtounderstandwhotheyare;healreadyknows.Rather,he“tests”themsotheycanunderstandwhotheyare.

ThebestexampleofthisisGodtes<ngAbraham:

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Carvaggio.SacrificeofIsaac(oiloncanvas),c.1603.UffiziGallery,Florence.

14God'sLoveforIsrael

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15God'sLoveforIsrael

“Sometime afterward, God put Abraham to the test and said to him: Abraham! ‘Here I am!’ he said. Then God said, ‘Take your son Isaac, your only one, whom you love, and go to the land of Moriah. There offer him up as a burnt offering on one of the heights that I will point out to you. Early the next morning Abraham saddled his donkey, took with him two of his servants and his son Isaac, and after cutting the wood for the burnt offering, set out for the place of which God had told him. On the third day Abraham caught sight of the place from a distance. Abraham said to his servants: ‘Stay here with the donkey while the boy and I go on over there. We will worship and then come back to you . . .

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16God'sLoveforIsrael

“. . . So Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering and laid it on his son Isaac, while he himself carried the fire and the knife. As the two walked on together, Isaac spoke to his father Abraham, ‘Father!’ he said. ‘Here I am,’ he replied. Isaac continued, ‘Here are the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?’ ‘My son,’ Abraham answered, ‘God will provide the lamb for the burnt offering.’ Then the two walked on together. When they came to the place of which God had told him, Abraham built an altar there and arranged the wood on it. Next he bound his son Isaac and put him on top of the wood on the altar. Then Abraham reached out and took the knife to slaughter his son . . .”

(Genesis 22: 1-10)

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Thisisanextraordinarilycomplexepisode,onethatprobestheverydepthsofAbraham’ssoul.

ThetensioninthestoryratchetsupwardwitheverysteptowardMt.Moriah,AbrahamstrugglingwithhimselfandwithGod.Abrahamknewthatthepromiseofthecovenantflowedthroughhisson,Isaac.How,then,couldGodrequireIsaac’ssacrifice?

Ontheonehand,Abrahamiscertainthat—somehow—Godwillintervene:“Stayherewiththedonkey,”hesaidtohisservants,“whiletheboyandIgoonoverthere.Wewillworshipandthen,[we]willcomebacktoyou”(22:4).

Andyet,AbrahamhashisknifeatIsaac’sthroat,readytoslice.

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Atthelastmoment,ofcourse:

“...theangeloftheLordcalledtohimfromheaven,‘Abraham,Abraham!...donotlayahandontheboy...donotdotheleastthingtohim.FornowIknowthatyoufearGod,sinceyoudidnotwithholdfrommeyourson,youronlyone.”

(22:11-12)

ButAbrahamcouldnothaveknownthisbeforehand;laterScripturespeculates:

“ByfaithAbraham,whenputtothetest,offeredupIsaac,andhewhohadreceivedthepromiseswasreadytoofferhisonlyson,ofwhomitwassaid,‘ThroughIsaacdescendantsshallbearyourname.’HereasonedthatGodwasabletoraiseevenfromthedead,andhereceivedIsaacbackasasymbol.”

(Hebrews11:17-19)

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That’saneasyconclusiontoreachinlightofJesus’resurrec<onandofreadingtheHebrewScripturesasforeshadowingeventsintheNewTestament,ofreadingScripturetypologically,aDerthefact.

Butitfailstograspthevisceralfearandterroroftheimmediateevent,ofAbrahamwalkinghisown“wayofthecross.”

Intheend,Abrahamsimplyleapsintothepitch-blackabyss,trus<ngthathewillfallintothearmsofalovingGod.

Andhedoes.

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Rememberthe“angeloftheLord’s”words:“NowIknowthatyoufearGod,sinceyoudidnotwithholdfrommeyourson,youronlyone”(22:12).

This“fear”[Hebrew=yare(yah-ray’)]liesfarbeyondthefearofpunishment,farbeyondthefringesofdread;itisrooteddeeplyatthecenterofprofoundaweandreverence,triggeredbytheshimmeringtranscendenceofGod,bytheimminentpresenceofthenuminous.

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ItisthispresencethattheIsraelitesexperienceatMountSinaiasthemountainquakes,belchingfireandsmoke,asGod’svoicethundersamidstpealsoflightningandtheboomingechoofrollingthunder.

Thepeoplequakeinfear:“DonotletGodspeaktous,orweshalldie,”towhichMosesreplies,“Donotbeafraid,forGodhascomeonlytotestyouandputthefearofhimuponyou”(20:19-20).

Itisthis“tes<ng”thattheIsraelitesexperienceduringtheir40yearsinthewilderness.

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StevenL.Cookobserves:

“Tes[ng...drawspeopleoutofadullacceptanceofworkadaynormalcyandthruststhembeforethevastnessofGod’snuminousotherness.Itwithdrawsthecalcula[onsandeconomicsthatsupportbanalexistence,subs[tu[ngaGod-directedwonderandbonding.”1

Theologically,suchtes<ngprobesthedepthsofone’srela<onshipwithGod.ItisonethingtoloveGodforwhathegivesus;itisquiteanothertoloveGodforwhoheis,evenatthecostofthatwhichwevaluemost.

1ReadingDeuteronomy,aLiteraryandTheologicalCommentary(Macon,Georgia:Smyth&HelwysPublishers,Inc.,2015),p.89.

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24God'sLoveforIsrael

“Be careful to observe this whole commandment that I enjoin on you today, that you may live and increase, and may enter in and possess the land which the Lord promised on oath to your ancestors. Remember how for these forty years the Lord, your God, has directed all your journeying in the wilderness, so as to test you by affliction, to know what was in your heart: to keep his commandments, or not. He therefore let you be afflicted with hunger, and then fed you with manna . . .

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25God'sLoveforIsrael

“. . . a food unknown to you and your ancestors, so you might know that it is not by bread alone that people live, but by all that comes forth from the mouth of the Lord. The clothing did not fall from you in tatters, nor did your feet swell these forty years. So you must know in your heart that, even as a man disciplines his son, so the Lord, your God, disciplines you. Therefore, keep the commandments of the Lord, your God, by walking in his ways and fearing him.”

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TheGatheringofManna(oilonpanel[oncepartofalargealtarpiece]),c.1460-1470.CharthouseMuseum,Douai,France.

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Whenthepeoplehungeredinthewilderness,Godprovidedmanna,dailybreadfromheaven;whentheywerethirsty,Godprovidedwaterfromaflintyrock.

“TheLordsaidtoMoses,Iamgoingtoraindownbreadfromheavenforyou.Eachdaythepeoplearetogooutandgathertheirdailypor[on;thuswillItestthem,toseewhethertheyfollowmyinstruc[onsornot.Onthesixthday,however,whentheypreparewhattheybringin,letitbetwiceasmuchastheygatherontheotherdays.”

(Exodus16:4-5)

Themannacouldnotbekeepovernight:

“Mosessaidtothem,‘Letnooneleaveanyofitoverun[lmorning.’ButtheydidnotlistentoMoses,andsomekeptapartofitoverun[lmorning,anditbecamewormyandstank.”

(Exodus16:19)

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Butwhydailymanna?Throughhardshipandsuffering,Godwasteachinghispeopletotrusthim.

Jesuslearnedthatlessonwell.Duringhis40-daysoffas<ngandtempta<oninthewilderness,SatanappearedtoJesusandsaid:

“IfyouaretheSonofGod,commandthatthesestonesbecomeloavesofbread.”

Hesaidinreply:

“Onedoesnotlivebybreadalone,butbyeverywordthatcomesforthfromthemouthofGod”

(Ma[hew4:3-4).

AndaswenotedinLesson#5,whenJesusteachesustoprayhesays,“Giveustodayourdailybread”(Ma[hew6:11).

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29God'sLoveforIsrael

“. . . a food unknown to you and your ancestors, so you might know that it is not by bread alone that people live, but by all that comes forth from the mouth of the Lord. The clothing did not fall from you in tatters, nor did your feet swell these forty years. So you must know in your heart that, even as a man disciplines his son, so the Lord, your God, disciplines you. Therefore, keep the commandments of the Lord, your God, by walking in his ways and fearing him.”

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Notme.

God'sLoveforIsrael

Thatisremarkable.Youwearoutapairofpantsjustbysifngaround,andyourfeetsmell

allthe<me.

Whythat’sremarkable!ADer40yearsinthewildernesstheirclothingdidnotwearout,noraDerallthatwalkingdidtheir

feetswell!

30

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God'sLoveforIsrael 31

Ha,ha,ha!

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TheIsraelitesspent40yearsinthewildernessforapurpose.TheyhadbeenslavesinEgyptfor400years,theyknewabsolutelynothingaboutGod,andtheywerecertainlynotpreparedtoinvadeandconquerthelandofCanaan.

BecauseGodlovedthem,hebroughttheIsraelitesoutofEgypt,andhetrainedandpreparedthemduringthat40years,a<meduringwhichtheen<re1stgenera<on(exceptJoshuaandCaleb)died,andanewgenera<ongrewup,hardenedbythewildernessexperience.

Thinkofitas40yearsofMarineCorpsbootcamp!

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Butit’snotjustbecomingtrainedandtoughenedtogotowarinCanaan,it’salsotoexperienceGod,toliveinhispresence,tostandinthebrightlightofthenuminousandtobaskintheinfinite,muscularloveofatranscendentGod.

ItisforeveryIsraelitetoknowinhisheartthat“evenasamandisciplineshisson,sotheLord,yourGod,disciplinesyou”(8:5).

Thisistruelove,alovethataddressesGodasaprofoundlypatriarchal“Father,”not“Daddy,”assomesuggest;thisisloveelicitedbythenuminous;lovegroundedinawe;loveforwhichoneiswillingtodie—notforanyrewardorpunishment,howevergreat—butforitsownsake.

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Notme.

God'sLoveforIsrael

That’sright.Godisnotsomecaricaturewhotrades

prosperityforloyalty,richesforrighteousness.Heisall

aboutrela[onship.

SoDeuteronomyisnotsimplyasetoflawsandarigidsystemofrewardsandpunishments,asmanypeoplethink;

rather,DeuteronomyexpressesamodeoflivingthatisdeeplyrootedinaprofoundloveofGodandofhis

loveforus.

35

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Deuteronomy8

A ObserveGod’scommandsandlive(1)

B Trialinthewildernessandmanna(2-6)

C ProsperingandthankingGod(7-9)

C’ ProsperingandforgefngGod(10-14)

B’ Mannaandtrialinthewilderness(15-16)

A’ ForgetGod’scommandsanddie(17-20)

God'sLoveforIsrael 36

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37God'sLoveforIsrael

“For the Lord, your God, is bringing you into a good country, a land with streams of water, with springs and fountains welling up in the hills and valleys, a land of wheat and barley, of vines and fig trees and pomegranates, of olive trees and of honey, a land where you will always have bread and where you will lack nothing, a land whose stones contain iron and in whose hills you can mine copper. But when you have eaten and are satisfied you must bless the Lord, your God, for the good land he has given you. Be careful not to forget the Lord, your God, by failing to keep his commandments and ordinances and statutes which I enjoin on you today: lest when you have eaten and are satisfied and have built fine houses and lived in them . . .

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AsRobertAlterrightlypointsout,the“rhetoricofadmoni<on”inDeuteronomy(“Becareful”...)iscomplementedbya“rhetoricoffulfillment”intherichabundancethatthelandwillprovide.Verses7-9rolloninaseriesofgoodthings:“streamsofwater,”“springsandfountains,”hillsandvalleys,”“wheatandbarley,”“vinesandfigtreesandpomegranates.”

Indeed,itisalandof“milkandhoney,”averitableGardenofEden!

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Deuteronomy8

A ObserveGod’scommandsandlive(1)

B Trialinthewildernessandmanna(2-6)

C ProsperingandthankingGod(7-9)

C’ ProsperingandforgefngGod(10-14)

B’ Mannaandtrialinthewilderness(15-16)

A’ ForgetGod’scommandsanddie(17-20)

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Withsuchacornucopiaofdelights,itiseasytoforgetGodwhoprovidedthemforyou!

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41God'sLoveforIsrael

“For the Lord, your God, is bringing you into a good country, a land with streams of water, with springs and fountains welling up in the hills and valleys, a land of wheat and barley, of vines and fig trees and pomegranates, of olive trees and of honey, a land where you will always have bread and where you will lack nothing, a land whose stones contain iron and in whose hills you can mine copper. But when you have eaten and are satisfied you must bless the Lord, your God, for the good land he has given you. Be careful not to forget the Lord, your God, by failing to keep his commandments and ordinances and statutes which I enjoin on you today: lest when you have eaten and are satisfied and have built fine houses and lived in them . . .

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42God'sLoveforIsrael

“. . . and your herds and flocks have increased, your silver and gold has increased and all your property has increased, you then become haughty of heart and forget the Lord, your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, that house of slavery; he guided you through that vast and terrible wilderness with its saraph serpents and scorpions, its parched and waterless ground; he brought forth water for you from the flinty rock and fed you in the wilderness with manna, a food unknown to your ancestors, that he might afflict you and test you, but also make you prosperous in the end.”

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No<cethatGodsays,“whenyouhaveeatenandaresa[sfiedyoumustblesstheLord,yourGod,forthegoodlandhehasgivenyou”(8:10).

ThisleadstotheJewishtradi<onofsayinggraceaberameal,notbefore,aswellastothecustomofblessingGodforprovidingthefood,notblessingthefooditself!

Thistradi<ongoesallthewaybacktothe<meofJesus,forsuchblessingsoccurasearlyastheDeadSeaScrolls.2

Thenextversebeginswithaquicktransi<on,“Becareful,”stressingthedangerofforgefngGod.

2MosheWeinfeld.“GraceaDerMealsinQumran,”JBL111(1992),pp.427-428.

God'sLoveforIsrael 43

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Deuteronomy8

A ObserveGod’scommandsandlive(1)

B Trialinthewildernessandmanna(2-6)

C ProsperingandthankingGod(7-9)

C’ ProsperingandforgefngGod(10-14)

B’ Mannaandtrialinthewilderness(15-16)

A’ ForgetGod’scommandsanddie(17-20)

God'sLoveforIsrael 44

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45God'sLoveforIsrael

“. . . and your herds and flocks have increased, your silver and gold has increased and all your property has increased, you then become haughty of heart and forget the Lord, your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, that house of slavery; he guided you through that vast and terrible wilderness with its saraph serpents and scorpions, its parched and waterless ground; he brought forth water for you from the flinty rock and fed you in the wilderness with manna, a food unknown to your ancestors, that he might afflict you and test you, but also make you prosperous in the end.”

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The“seraphserpents”men<onedhererecallthecringe-worthyepisodeinNumbers21:6-9,inwhichtheIsraelitesmakecamponapileofvipersandmanypeoplearebi[enanddie!

“Seraph”derivesfromtheHebrewverb“toburn”[saraph],invokingthe“fiery”venomofaviper’sbite.Itisalsousedofthe“fieryangels”ofIsaiah6,called“Seraphim”inEnglish.

ThemostcommonsnakeintheNegevDesertthatproducessuchsymptomsistheIsraeliMoleViper.It’svenomcontainssarafotoxinswhichrou<nelycausearrhythmia,severeheartfailureanddeath,accordingtotheCenterforEmergencyEnvironmentalMedicineattheHadassahMedicalCenterinEinKerem,Israel.

God'sLoveforIsrael 46

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God'sLoveforIsrael 47

IsraeliMoleViper[Atractaspisengaddensis],the“fieryserpent”ofNumbers21andDeuteronomy8.

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Deuteronomy8

A ObserveGod’scommandsandlive(1)

B Trialinthewildernessandmanna(2-6)

C ProsperingandthankingGod(7-9)

C’ ProsperingandforgefngGod(10-14)

B’ Mannaandtrialinthewilderness(15-16)

A’ ForgetGod’scommandsanddie(17-20)

God'sLoveforIsrael 48

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49God'sLoveforIsrael

“Otherwise, you might say in your heart, ‘It is my own power and the strength of my own hand that has got me this wealth.’ Remember then the Lord, your God, for he is the one who gives you the power to get wealth, by fulfilling, as he has now done, the covenant he swore to your ancestors. But if you do forget the Lord, your God, and go after other gods, serving and bowing down to them, I bear witness to you this day that you will perish utterly. Like the nations which the Lord destroys before you, so shall you too perish for not listening to the voice of the Lord, your God.”

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Notme.

God'sLoveforIsrael

That’sforsure!

Now,there’salessontobelearned!

50

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1.   WhydoesGod“test”theIsraelites?

2.   Towhatkindof“tests”doesGodsubjecttheIsraelites?

3.   WhatdoesGodmeanwhenhesays,“Itisnotbybreadalonethatpeoplelive,butbyallthatcomesforthfromthemouthoftheLord?”

4.   GoddescribesthePromisedLandasextraordinarilylushandfer<le.BygivingtheIsraelitesthislandgra[s,whatdoesGodrisk?

5.   InGod’seyes,whatiswrongwithpeoplebeingwealthyandself-sufficient?

51God'sLoveforIsrael

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52God'sLoveforIsrael