7. kuliah kategori dasar jaringan print

7/24/2019 7. Kuliah Kategori Dasar Jaringan Print

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Cell and Genetics – Histology

Jeanne A PawitanRulliana Agustin

Cells Stem cells

Cells of the 4 basic tissues Other specialized cells



Stem cells – ability todierentiate

Totipotent > all

placenta

!luripotent > all

"ultipotent > se#era

$nipotent > % type



Stem cells & source


'mbryonic stem cells (inner cell mass)

*dult stem cells+ bone marro,- umbilical

cord blood- .harton /elly- adipose tissue-etc0 "ultipotential > connecti#e tissue- blood- etc

$nipotential > progenitors (committed) % cellline 1 dierentiation 1 mature fullydierentiated cells



Cells of the 4 basic tissues


'pithelium+ cells- intercellular

substance2e3tracellular matri3 – basementmembrane

Connecti#e tissue+ intercellular substance

"uscle+ muscle cells 5 muscle 6bers

7er#e+ 7eurons

7euroglial cells (support- protect neurons)



'pithelium (and glands)

8ayers Single

Simple

(!seudostrati6ed)

"ultipleStrati6ed

(Transitional)

Shape S9uamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

(tora3)8ocation




'pithelial cells

Mucous membrane:

oral, esophagus,

vagina

Stratified squamous – eratin !

"pidermis!sinStratified squamous – eratin #

$rinar% S&'ransitional

Respirator% S&Pseudostratified

(landsSimple cuboidal, columnar

Stratified cuboidal, columnar

"ndothelium,

mesothelium

Simple squamous



!olarity and cell surfacespecializations


"orphological domain

:iochemical domain

!olarity ;unctional domain

*pical domain – free surface – lumen

:asolateral domain:asal & basal lamina

8ateral – other cells



*pical domain &lumen

"icro#illi >plasmamembrane cytoplasm

Cilia <inocilia Stereocilia

=on channels *9uaporins Carrier proteins H& *T!ase

Glycoproteins Jeanne A PawitanRulliana Agustin



:asolateral domain


=ntercellular interdigitation- basal enfoldings unctional specialization

?eceptors

Hormones 7eurotransmitters

7a&< *T!ase

=on channels Sites for constituti#e secretions



unctionalspecialization

8ateral membranespecialization –

/unctional comple3es Occluding /unction2tight

/unction (@taut seAap@) >zonula occludens

*dhering /unction (@tautleAat@) Bonula adherens &zonulae

adherentes

;ascia adherens

"acula adherens(desmosome) &hemidesmosome Jeanne A Pawitan

Rulliana Agustin



Connecti#e tissues


"esenchyme (embryo) – mucosa2gelatinosa

Connecti#e tissue proper

8oose (areolar) connecti#e tissue areolarCT ?eticular connecti#e tissue *dipose tissue ense connecti#e tissue

ense regular connecti#e tissue ense regular collagenous connecti#e tissue ense regular elastic connecti#e tissue

ense irregular connecti#e tissue

Specialized connecti#e tissue (cartilage- bone-blood)



=ntercellular substance2e3tracellular matri3


Ground2amorphous substance (gel liAe)–tissue Duid Glycosaminoglycans (G*G) (hyaluronic acid-

heparin- sulfated G*G) !roteoglycans ( certain G*G – !rotein) *dhesi#e glycoproteins (6bronectin- laminin-

entactin- tenascin- chondronectin- osteonectin)

;ibers Collagen type = – E== ?eticular (type === collagen)

'lastic 6bers



Cells ofconnecti#e

tissue Cells ofmesenchyme "esenchymal cells

Cells of looseconnecti#e tissue

Cells of reticularCT ?eticular cells

8ymphocytes

!lasma cells

Cells of cartilage Jeanne A PawitanRulliana Agustin



8oose connecti#etissue

;i3ed cells ;ibroblasts26brocytes Histiocytes2macroph

ages "ast cells !ericytes *dipose cells

Transient cells+ plasma cells leucocytes macrophages




Cells ofcartilage

Chondrogenic

cells Chondroblast

Chondrocyte ShrunAen

lacuna




Cells ofbone

Osteogenic

cells Osteoblast

Osteocyte

Osteoclast





Cells of the blood :asement membrane

"uscles 7er#ous tissue (neuron) Specialized cells



Cells of blood

'rythrocyte 8eucocyte

7eutrophil'osinophil:asophil"onocyte

lymphocyte




:asement membrane

:asal lamina 8amina lucida 8amina densa Type =E collagen-

glycoprotein-proteoglycan

8amina reticularis+type =- === collagen

Structural and6ltering functions-cell polarity-regulate cell prolif0and di0- etcJeanne A PawitanRulliana Agustin



"uscles


Smooth muscle Striated muscle – characteristic striation

– striated myo6brils sAeletal muscle cardiac muscle

"yoepithelial cells –glandular unit in

glands "yo6broblast – ,ound contraction- tooth

eruption



"yo6bril & striated


"yo6lament (contractile protein+ myosin-actin) & speci6c arrangement parallel arrays regularly repeated interdigitating in myo6bril



$ni9ue terms in muscle


Sarcolemma 5 cell membrane Sarcoplasm = cytoplasm

Sarcoplasmic reticulum = smoothsurfaced endoplasmic reticulum(S'?)

Sarcosome 5 mitochondria muscle fber 5 muscle cell



Smooth muscle


8ocation+ ,all of hollo, organ & lumen igesti#e system ?eproducti#e system

$rinary system ?espiratory system ucts & large (glands) ermis (sAin)

;unction+ contraction protein synthesis → e3tra cell+ collagen-

elastin- glycosaminoglycans- proteoglycans-

gro,th factors



Smooth muscle


contraction & in#oluntary – controlled by *utonomic ner#ous system (sympathetics-

parasympathetics) Hormone+ bradyAinin 8ocal physiological condition

'#ery 6ber – lined by e3ternal lamina(outside sarcolemma)

reticular 6ber & embedded in e3ternal lamina– surrounding each muscle cell – function+control and unify the strength of muscle 6bercontraction

S th



Smoothmuscle

6ber Shape + fusiform-

elongated –F & Im-length &J0K mm

Surrounded bysarcolemma (cellmembrane)

7ucleus & center – o#al –%&K nucleolei

H'+ cytoplasm –homogenous –acidophilic

=ndi#idual cellJeanne A PawitanRulliana Agustin

= ti th l



=nner#ation – smooth muscle6ber


7euromuscular /unction usually en passanttype :ulging of a3on Containing synaptic #esicles

7or epinephrine – sympathetic *cetylcholine – parasympathetic

Type "ulti unit –indi#idual inner#ation (iris- #as deferens)

=ntermediate Eisceral – some 6bers – % neuromuscular /unction –

gap /unction2ne3us (uterus- G= tract) – otherinDuencing factor Humoral factor + o3ytocin "icro en#ironmental factor + stretching (intestines)



Cardiac muscle


e#elopment+ "yoepicardial mantle insplanchnic mesenchyme → epicardium myocardium

Cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle 6ber–branching&anastomosing→

net,orA – arranged in layers (laminae) :et,een 6bers – connecti#e tissue Connecti#e tissue bet,een laminae – contains+

:lood #essels → capillaries → net,orA –in connecti#etissue bet,een each 6ber

7er#es conducting system – in heart

C di



Cardiacmuscle 6ber

Striated- branching 8ength %&LJ Im 7ucleus % (occasionally

K) – center – big –o#al !erinuclear space :et,een cells (at the

end) & intercalated disA &consist of+

Trans#erse portion+facia adherens (≈ BdisA)- desmosome

8ateral portion+ gap

/unctionJeanne A PawitanRulliana Agustin



Sarcoplasm contains


"yo6brils F&%&K Im –longitudinal –regularlyarranged → striated (longitudinal section)+ * band – (anisotropic on polarized light → darA) = band– (isotropic on polarized → light)

'lectrone microscope+ Sarcoplasmicreticulum 5 S'? 7et,orA around myo6bril ;unction+ intracellular Ca storage (M sAeletal

muscle) Small terminals (terminal cisternae &) The rest 5 longitudinal sarcotubule branches Contraction needs acti#e transport of Ca from

e3tra cell membrane contains unctional feet (5 #olta e ated Ca



Sarcoplasm contains


Organels "itochondria >>> & N #olume – cardiac

muscle "yoglobin → OK transport Glycogen particle → energy source for

contraction ( ,ith lipid)



Jeanne A PawitanJeanne A PawitanRulliana Agustin

Cardiac muscle 6ber – Ttubule

'"+ Sarcolemma – tubular in#agination –trans#erse – branching & anastomosing → Ttubule (trans#erse tubule)

=ntert,ine among myo6bril 8ocation+ around B line – %2sarcomere

Open to e3tra cellular compartment &lined bye3ternal lamina

F K0 T tubule in sAeletal muscle ;unction+ facilitate conduction – depol0 ,a#e

&along sarcolemma



"yo6brils


* band (darA) – H band (light) – " line = band (light) – B line (B disA- darA) Sarcomere 5 myo6bril region bet,een

K B line 5 % contractile unit Contraction+

= band & shortened H band & disappeared

* band & constant B line & approaching each other



Jeanne A Pawitan

Cardiac muscle 6ber&atrium F M 6ber in #entricle → myoendocrine cells Contains granules & cardiodilatin

(C)2*trial 7atriuretic (!oly)peptide (*7!) –esp0 in right atrium *7! – regulation of Duid –electrolyte balance

'erent arteriole constriction → diuresis- sodiume3cretion

Sodium- ,ater resorption in Aidneys (renal tubules)P → blood pressure P &

Easodilatation

inhibit the release of arginine&#asopressin (posteriorhypophysis)- and aldosterone (adrenal corte3)



Jeanne A Pawitan

SAeletal muscle

in#estments 'pimysium – muscle – irregular dense

collagenous connecti#e tissue

!erimysium – fascicles (bundles) & M dense

'ndomysium – muscle 6ber (cell) & reticular6ber- basal lamina 2 e3ternal lamina

cell

SAeletal muscle 6bers – striated – parallel Satellite cells

SAeletal



Jeanne A Pawitan

SAeletalmuscle

cells26bers e#elopment+ myoblast – parallel→ end –end → fused → myotube –formed myo6bril → sAeletalmuscle 6ber

Shape+ long- tubular – F %J&%JJIm

:et,een 6bers+ endomysium continuous capillaries – parallel to6ber

SAeletal muscle 6ber – nonbranching &striated &multinucleated

7uclei – periphery – in a ro, –inside cell membrane(sarcolemma)

'"+ Sarcolemma in#aginate → Ttubule (trans#erse tubule)



Jeanne A Pawitan

Sarcoplasm+ contains

* lot of myo6bril F&%&K Im –longitudinal – alongthe 6ber – regularly arranged → striation inlongitudinal section+ * band – (anisotropic on polarized light → darA) = band– (isotropic on polarized light → light)

'"+ Sarcoplasmic reticulum 5 smooth surfaceendoplasmic reticulum ;orm a net,orA around myo6bril ;unction+ intracellular Ca storage (esc0 terminal

cysterna) *&= /unction – dilated → terminal cysterna The membrane has /unctional feet (5 #oltage gated Ca release

channels) The rest 5 longitudinal sarcotubules their branches



Jeanne A Pawitan

T tubule

Tubular in#agination –trans#ersal –branching&anastomosing – intert,ineamong myo6bril

8ocation+ trans#ersal plane & *&= /unction→

K in each sarcomere To e3tra cell & open *ssociated ,ith sarcoplasmic reticulum ;unction+ facilitate conduction of depol

,a#e along sarcolemma T tubule K terminal cysternae → triad function+ spreading of depol ,a#e – fast – from

sarcolemma – trough out the cell – to terminalcysterna



Jeanne A Pawitan



Jeanne A Pawitan

"yo6bril

* band (darA) – H band – pale –" line = band (light) –B line- B disA – thin- darA

Sarcomere 5 myo6bril area bet,een K Bline 5 contractile unit of sAeletal muscle6ber

Contraction+ = band shortened

H band disappeared * band remain unaltered

B line – mo#e closer together



Jeanne A Pawitan

Satellite cells

Satellite cells 5 regenerati#e cells

Small cell – location+ shallo, depression– muscle cellQs surface

'3ternal lamina – shared ,ith musclecell 1 inside e3ternal lamina

7ucleus&one & > dense & > coarse



Jeanne A Pawitan

"yotendinuous /unction

Connecti#e tissue–muscle – tendon –continuous

Cells tapered – Duted (deeply folded) Collagen 6bers&tendon – penetrate

=nfoldings

'ndomysium – continuous – reticular 6bers



Jeanne A Pawitan

=nner#ation of sAeletal

muscle "otor ner#e 6bers (R motor neurons –a3on&

myelinated) branching – unmyelinated(Sch,ann cells ) – terminal dilated &myoneural /unction (motor end plate) *3on terminal Synaptic cleft "uscle cell membrane

Sensory ner#e 6bers muscle spindles – among muscle cells –stretch ?3

Golgi tendon organ (neurotendinuous spindle)–inhibitory feedbacA & R motor neurons & rela3



Jeanne A Pawitan

?egeneration & muscles

SAeletal muscle – regeneration () SAeletal muscle 6ber mitosis Satellite cells

=n/ury+ satellite cells & mitosis – hyperplasia *t muscle building+ satellite cell – muscle 6ber

&fusion → mass increase → hypertrophy

Cardiac muscle & regeneration-6broblast – connecti#e tissue (scar)

Smooth muscle – regeneration ()



Jeanne A Pawitan

?egeneration – smoothmuscle

=n/ury →formation of ne, 6bers "itosis – smooth muscle 6ber (G= tr0- urin0 tr0)

ierentiation & pericyte – blood #essel $terus –pregnant – smooth muscle

hyperplasia & mitosis

hypertrophy

7eurons 7er#ous



Jeanne A Pawitan

7eurons 7er#oustissue

Cell body (soma-periAaryon) – nucleus–nucleolus prominant

endrite (multiple) 7issl bodies :ranching

*3on (single) – long &branching *3on HillocA *3on terminals- end

bulbs- terminal boutons1 synapse



Jeanne A Pawitan

Glial cells

*strocytes ;ibrous

!rotoplasmatic Oligodendroglia

"icroglia

'pendymal cells

Sch,ann cells



Jeanne A Pawitan

Oligoendroglia

Sch,ann cell



Jeanne A Pawitan

Specialized

cells



Jeanne A Pawitan

!rotein secretingcells

'30+ chief cells(stomach)- acinar cells(pancreas)

Shape+ columnar-

truncated pyramid- etc :asal cytoplasm &basophilic 7ucleus ?ich in ?'?- polysome

*pical cytoplasm &acidophilic Secretory granules –

proenzyme (zymogen)



Jeanne A Pawitan

Steroid secreting cells

'3+ spongiocytes(adrenal corte3)

Shape+ polyhedral Cytoplasm

'3tensi#e net,orAof S'?

8ipid droplets –appear #acuolated



7euroendocrine cells

*rgentan- argyrophilic –sil#er staining

*!$5 amine precursoruptaAe decarbo3ylation

7'S5 diuseneuroendocrine system

8ocation+epithelium2glands –

systems Secretory granules –at

basal cytoplasm2 nearblood #essel

7. kuliah kategori dasar jaringan print

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