7. notes on adverbs.docx

7/25/2019 7. Notes on Adverbs.docx

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ADVERBS

An adverbis a word that adds more to the meaning of a verb, an adjectiveor another adverb.

I dreamt about you last night. (dreamt=verb; last night=adverb)The monster wasincredibly ugly. (ugly=adjective; incredibly=adverb)

The heart patient collapsed quite suddenly. (suddenly=adverb; quite=adverb)

Anadverb is usually placed after the verbwhen it is used in a sentence as follow

!e called yesterday.

The train will arri"e soon.

They struggled hardto reach the top.

The patient is sleeping soundly.

#nli$e adjectives, adverbsdo not modify nouns.

CORRECT The woman has a beautiful daughter. (Adjective)INCORRECT The woman has a beautifullydaughter. (Adverb)

CORRECT %he was still sad about it. (Adjective)INCORRECT %he was still sadly about it. (Adverb)

%ome words can be both adverbsand adjectivesas follow far, hard, and long. It is importantto distinguish how they are used.

I don&t li"e faraway from here. (Adverb)'here I li"e isn&t farfrom here. (Adjective)%he wor$ed quite hard. (Adverb)%he found the wor$ quite hard.(Adjective)

If we eercise regularly, we may li"e longer. (Adverb)If we eercise regularly, we may li"e longer li"es. (Adjective)


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. Types of Adverbs

*. Coparison of Adverbs

+. !oring Adverbs fro Adjectives

". Types of Adverbs

Adverb of Tie This shows when an action or something is done or happens. It

answers the question -#hen- It is either placed at thebeginningor at the endof asentence. 'hen they are at the beginning, they are often ephasi$ed.

/ample I phoned you yesterday./ample I saw her a fe% onths ago./ample &ast %ee'I saw them wal$ing together.

Adverb of (lace This shows where an action or something is done or happens. It

answers the question -#here)- %uch ad"erbs are placed after the "erb.

/ample I li"e here. 0 !e fell do%n. 0 They are tal$ing outside. 0 !e wal$edin./ample 'e met her in the $oo./ample They li$e to wal$ along the river.

Adverb of *anner This shows how an action or something is done. It answers the

question -+o%)- The ad"erb is placed 1ust after the "erb when it is used in a sentence.

/ample %he criedloudly. 0 !e dri"es quic'ly. 0 %he spea$s softly.

Adverb of ,egree or -uantity This answers the questions, -To %hat degree)- or

-+o% uch)- It is usually placed before the adjectiveand theadverb.

/ample It is too dar'for us to see anything. (efore adjective)/ample 2ast night it rained very heavily. (efore adverb)
http://www.myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-4-adverbs/1-types-of-adverbs.htmlhttp://www.myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-4-adverbs/2-comparison-of-adverbs.htmlhttp://www.myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-4-adverbs/3-forming-adverbs-from-adjectives.htmlhttp://www.myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-4-adverbs/2-comparison-of-adverbs.htmlhttp://www.myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-4-adverbs/3-forming-adverbs-from-adjectives.htmlhttp://www.myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-4-adverbs/1-types-of-adverbs.html


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Adverb of !requency This answers the question -+o% often)-Adverbs of

frequencyare "ery important because we often use them. /amples of these ad"erbsinclude never/ rarely/ seldo/ hardly ever/ occasionally/ soeties/ generally/usually/ frequently/ nearly al%ays/ often and ever. Also included are0 quite/ just/already/ alost and nearly.

/ample !e will neverha"e finished in time./ample 3ane is rarelylate for wor$./ample 4eter seldoreads the 5ible./ample %ue hardly everwore lipstic$.

/ample 'e only write to each other "ery occasionally./ample 1oetieshe stays late in the office to complete his wor$./ample The proposal is not generallyacceptable to the public./ample It is usuallythe man who proposes marriage./ample 'hile o"erseas, he frequentlyphoned home./ample %he6s not nearly always right although she thin$s she6s always right./ample 'e al%aysgo to school by bus./ample %haron has oftenforgotten her boo$s./ample 7oes he evercome to play chess

Affirative Adverb(yes) and Adverb of negation(8o) 9 eamples of this ad"erbincludes yes, surely, certainly,indeed, by all eans, no,not at all, by no eans.

/ample I hope my parent 1ust for once will say yesto my latest idea./ample :ou must ha"e heard about the haunted house surely/ample Certainlywe6ll try to rid this place of the foul odor./ample It would indeedhelp if I had a bodyguard./ample y all eanseat whate"er you want, but I thin$ you will not be able to finish all thefood./ample h no, not another brea$down at the traffic lights/ample It is not at allcertain that the match will ta$e place./ample It is by no eanseasy that we will finish it soon.

Interrogative Adverb(


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/ample #hydo you ha"e to do such a stupid thing

Relative Adverb when, where, how, why

These words are the same in form as Interrogati"e Ad"erbs; but they are not questions.

/ample The time %henhe arri"ed is still un$nown./ample The scene %herethe accident occurred is close to the hospital./ample !e is the only one who $nows ho%to do it./ample 8obody $nows %hyhe left in such a hurry.

2. Coparison of Adverbs

%imilar to the comparison of adjectives, adverbsha"e three degrees of comparison the (ositive, the Coparativeand the 1uperlative. ost adverbswhich end in 63ly6 formthe Coparativewith 6ore6 and the 1uperlativewith 6ost6.

(ositive Coparative 1uperlative

comfortably more comfortably most comfortably

happily more happily most happily

$indly more $indly most $indly

loudly more loudly most loudly

noisily more noisily most noisily

(ositive Coparative 1uperlative

bad, badly worse worst

little less least

much more most

well better best


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4. !oring Adverbs fro Adjectives

Adverbsare formed from adjectivesby adding ly. However, not all words ending in ly areadverbs. The following words are good examples of adjectives ending in ly: costly, deadly,friendly, kindly, likely, lively, lowly, manly, sickly, and timely

LIST 4shows a list of adverbs formed from adjectives.

List ! "orming #dverbs from #djectives

A,5ECTI6E1 A,6ER1 A,5ECTI6E1 A,6ER1

abrupt abruptly lawful lawfully

absolute absolutely la>y la>ily

accidental accidentally light lightly

acti"e acti"ely lone lonely

actual actually loud loudly

adamant adamantly luc$y luc$ily

additional additionally mad madly

affectionate affectionately main mainly

angry angrily mannish mannishly
http://www.myenglishgrammar.com/list-4-forming-adverbs-from-adjectives.htmlhttp://www.myenglishgrammar.com/list-4-forming-adverbs-from-adjectives.html


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annual annually magic magically

anious aniously mental mentally

apparent apparently merciful mercifully

appreciati"e appreciati"ely mere merely

apprehensi"e apprehensi"ely merry merrily

appropriate appropriately momentary momentarily

appro"ing appro"ingly monthly monthly

approimate approimately narrow narrowly

apt aptly natural naturally

ardent ardently near nearly

arduous arduously neat neatly

arguable arguably nebulous nebulously

attenti"e attenti"ely necessary necessarily

audible audibly needless needlessly

aw$ward aw$wardly ner"ous ner"ously


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bad badly new newly

beautiful beautifully nice nicely

bitter bitterly nightly nightly

boastful boastfully noisy noisily

bold boldly obedient obediently

bra"e bra"ely occasional occasionally

brief briefly open openly

bright brightly oppressi"e oppressi"ely

brutal brutally optimistic optimistically

busy busily oral orally

calm calmly outward outwardly

careful carefully painful painfully

careless carelessly partial partially

casual casually particular particularly


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cautious cautiously passionate passionately

certain certainly patent patently

cheap cheaply patient patiently

cheerful cheerfully peaceful peacefully

clean cleanly perfect perfectly

clear clearly permanent permanently

cle"er cle"erly personal personally

close closely pessimistic pessimistically

comfortable comfortably physical physically

complete completely pious piously

conclusi"e conclusi"ely playful playfully

conscious consciously pleasant pleasantly

constant constantly polite politely

continual continually poor poorly


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continuous continuously popular popularly

copious copiously possible possibly

correct correctly posthumous posthumously

courteous courteously pretty prettily

croo$ed croo$edly pre"ious pre"iously

cruel cruelly primary primarily

cunning cunningly pri"ate pri"ately

curious curiously probable probably

dangerous dangerously problematic problematically

daring daringly promiscuous promiscuously

dear dearly proper properly

deep deeply proud proudly

definite definitely punctual punctually

deliberate deliberately pure purely


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delightful delightfully puritanical puritanically

dim dimly purposeless purposelessly

dirty dirtily quic$ quic$ly

double doubly quiet quietly

dull dully rapid rapidly

eager eagerly rare rarely

easy easily rational rationally

economic economically ready readily

efficient efficiently real really

en1oyable en1oyably recent recently

enormous enormously regular regularly

entire entirely ridiculous ridiculously

essential essentially rough roughly

eternal eternally rude rudely


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ethical ethically sad sadly

ethnic ethnically safe safely

etymological etymologically satisfactory satisfactorily

euphemistic euphemistically sa"age sa"agely

e"asi"e e"asi"ely secret secretly

e"en e"enly seeming seemingly

e"entual e"entually sentimental sentimentally

e"ident e"idently separate separately

eorbitant eorbitantly serene serenely

etreme etremely serial serially

faithful faithfully serious seriously

fastidious fastidiously se"ere se"erely

fatal fatally sha$y sha$ily

fearful fearfully shameful shamefully


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fierce fiercely shameless shamelessly

final finally sheepish sheepishly

financial financially shy shyly

first firstly significant significantly

foolish foolishly silent silently

forgetful forgetfully simple simply

fortunate fortunately sincere sincerely

free freely single9handed single9handedly

frequent frequently s$ilful s$illfully

friendly friendily sleepy sleepily

frightful frightfully slight slightly

full fully slow slowly

general generally soft softly

generous generously sole solely


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gentle gently sound soundly

gentleman gentlemanly special specially

genuine genuinely steadfast steadfastly

glad gladly steady steadily

graceful gracefully stealthy stealthily

gradual gradually strange strangely

grim grimly strong strongly

grudging grudgingly stupid stupidly

gruelling gruellingly subtle subtly

gruesome gruesomely successful successfully

half9yearly half9yearly sudden suddenly

hapha>ard hapha>ardly sure surely

happy happily surprising surprisingly

hard hardly sweet sweetly


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harsh harshly swift swiftly

hasty hastily tactical tactically

hateful hatefully tactless tactlessly

hea"y hea"ily terrible terribly

helpful helpfully terrifying terrifyingly

helpless helplessly terse tersely

high highly than$ful than$fully

holistic holistically thorough thorougly

honest honestly thoughtful thoughtfully

honourable honourably thoughtless thoughtlessly

hopeful hopefully total totally

horrible horribly tremendous tremendously

hourly hourly tremulous tremulously

hungry hungrily true truly


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hypothetical hypothetically truthful truthfully

hysterical hysterically unacceptable unacceptably

immaculate immaculately unarguable unarguably

immediate immediately understandable understandably

impatient impatiently undoubted undoubtedly

indi"idual indi"idually unepected unepectedly

inescapable inescapably untruthful untruthfully

inestimable inestimably unusual unusually

ine"itable ine"itably urbane urbanely

ineorable ineorably urgent urgently

infallible infallibly usual usually

instant instantly "ast "astly

instantaneous instantaneously "erbal "erbally

instincti"e instincti"ely "eritable "eritably


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1ealous 1ealously weary wearily

1oint 1ointly wee$ly wee$ly

1oyful 1oyfully whole9hearted whole9heartedly

1ustifiable 1ustifiably wide widely

$een $eenly wild wildly

$ind $indly willing willingly

$nowing $nowingly wise wisely

$nowledgeable $nowledgeably wrong wrongly

last lastly yearly yearly

late lately youthful youthfully

7. notes on adverbs.docx

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