7 qc tools basic - copy.ppt

8/10/2019 7 QC tools basic - Copy.ppt

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PRESENTED BY:Manoj Sharma

MM-270-2K13Submitted to-Dr S Grover

7 QC TOOLS


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The 7 Quality Tools Ishikawa believed that 90% of all quality problems

could be solved through the use of the 7 tools listed

below: Cause and Effect (Ishikawa) Diagrams

Check Sheets

Frequency Diagrams

Pareto diagrams Flowcharts

Scatter Diagrams

Control Charts


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(Frequency Diagram)

HISTOGRAM


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Frequency Diagrams

TALLY CHARTRANGE TALLY NUMBER

100-109 | 1

110-119 0

120-129 | | | 3

130-139 | | | | 4

140-149 | | | | | | | | | 9

150-159 | | | | | | | | | | | 11

160-169 | | | | | | | | 8

170-179 | | | | | | 6

180-189 | | | 3

190-199 | | | 3

200-209 | 1

210-219 | 1

TOTAL 50


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Frequency Diagrams

2

4

6

8

2

100 -

109

110 -

119

120 -

129

130 -

139

140 -

149

150 -

159

160 -

169

170 -

179

180 -

189

190 -

199

200 -

209

210 -

219

Frequency


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Benefits:

Allows you to understand at a glance the variation that exists in aprocess

The shape of the histogram will show process behavior

Often, it will tell you to dig deeper for otherwise unseen causes of

variation.

The shape and size of the dispersion will help identify otherwisehidden sources of variation

Used to determine the capability of a process

Starting point for the improvement process


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CAUSE & EFEECTDIAGRAM

7- QC ToolS


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Cause and Effect Analysis

Ishikawa fish bone diagramming

Easy to draw like on paper

5 Whys technique

Why? Why?. Why?. Why?.. Why?

Identification of Root causes Mark a cause as a root cause

Assign a priority number

Cause and Effect Diagrams


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Possible CausesPROBLEM

(EFFECT)

Area A Area B

Area DArea C

1

2

3 6

5

41

2

3

6

5

4

1

2

36

5

4

1

2

36

54



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Lack of

cleanliness

Gov Public

Rules and Regulation

System

implementation Not strong policies

availability

of resourcesLack of awareness

Illiteracy

Strict rules

Habitual of

This

Dont want to beimproved

Provision

Of fine Implementation

Of Rules



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CHECK SHEETS

7- QC ToolS


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Check SheetsCounting and accumulating data

Purpose:Tool for collecting and organizing

measured or counted data

Data collected can be used as input

data for other quality tools

Benefits:Collected data is in a systematic and

organized manner

To determine source of problem

To facilitate classification of data

(stratification)


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Products Faults

Fault 1 Fault 2 Fault 3 Total

A | | | | | | 6

B | | 2

C | | | 3

D | | | | | 5

Total 8 3 5 16



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Process Name: Gauging/ FinalProduct Name: Carrier

TOTAL3/82/81/831/730/7Defective part

61811151413TOTAL

7| | || | ||Other

2||Wire Pitted

9|| || | | ||Hole U/Size

14| | | || | || || | | |Dent, Scratch

8|| | | || |Welding Spatters

21| | | || | || | | | || | || | | |

C.D.variation

Line Name: Carrier LineProduct Number: 123456



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PARETO DIAGRAM

7- QC ToolS


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Pareto DiagramsFocus on key problems

Fault No.

A. DRY JOINT

B. MISSED COMPONENTC. REVERSED COMPONENT

D. ARCING

E. OPEN CIRCUIT

F. OTHER

2

58

4

1

3

TOTAL 23


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Fault No.

C. REVERSED COMPONENT

B. MISSED COMPONENT

D. ARCING

F. OTHER

A. DRY JOINT

E. OPEN CIRCUIT

8

5

4

3

2

1TOTAL 23



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8

REVERSED

COMPONENT

5

MISSED

COMPONENT

4

ARCING

3

OTHER

2DRY JOINT 1

OPEN CIRCUIT

BC D F A E



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Fault No. COST TOTALCOST


B. MISSED COMPONENT

D. ARCING

F. OTHER

A. DRY JOINT

E. OPEN CIRCUIT

8

5

4

3

2

1

2

2

5

1

4

6

16

10

20

3

8

6TOTAL 23 - 63



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Fault No. COST TOTALCOST

D. ARCING


B. MISSED COMPONENT

A. DRY JOINT

E. OPEN CIRCUIT

F. OTHER

4

8

5

2

1

3

5

2

2

4

6

1

20

16

10

8

6

3

TOTAL 23 - 63



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Rs. 20

ARCING

Rs.16

REVERSED

COMPONENT

Rs.10

MISSED

COMPONENT

Rs.8

DRY JOINT

Rs. 6

OPEN CIRCUITRs.3OTHER

CD B A E F

PARETO

Benefits: Pareto

analysis helps

graphically

display results

so the

significant few

problemsemerge from

the general

background

It tells you

what to work

on first


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FLOW CHARTS

7- QC ToolS


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FlowchartsPicturing the process

Purpose:

Visual illustration of the sequence of operations required to complete atask

Schematic drawing of the process to measure or improve.

Starting point for process improvement

Potential weakness in the process are made visual.

Benefits: Identify process improvements

Understand the process

Shows duplicated effort and other non-value-added steps

Target specific steps in the process for improvement.


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BenefitsShow what actually happens ateach step in the process

Show what happens when non-standard events occur

Graphically display processes toidentify redundancies and otherwasted effort

How is it done?Write the process step insideeach symbol

Connect the Symbols witharrows showing the direction offlow

Toolbox


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StartDoes

patient have

an appt

?

Patient

arrives

Y

N

Waiting

room

Appointt

slip

Consultation

A AMake an

Appointmt

Y

N

Wait

to see

doctor

?

Need

a follow-up

appt

?

Y

N

Need

to pick updrugs

?

Fill prescripn

at pharmacy

Patients

notes

Patient

leavesStop

Y

N

Appointt

diary



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SCATTER DIAGRAM

7- QC ToolS


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Scatter DiagramsPurpose:

To identify the correlations that might existbetween a quality characteristic and a factorthat might be driving it

A scatter diagram shows the correlationbetween two variables in a process.

These variables could be a Critical ToQuality (CTQ) characteristic and a factor

affecting it two factors affecting a CTQ ortwo related quality characteristics. Dots representing data points are scatteredon

the diagram. The extent to which the dots cluster

together in a line across the diagram showsthe strength with which the two factors arerelated.


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Scatter DiagramsHow is it done?:

Decide which paired factors you want to examine. Both factors must be

measurable on some incremental linear scale.

Collect 30 to 100 paired data points.

Find the highest and lowest value for both variables. Draw the vertical (y) and horizontal (x) axes of a graph.

Plot the data

Title the diagram

The shape that the cluster of dots takes will tell you something about the relationship

between the two variables that you tested.


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Scatter Diagrams If the variables are correlated,

when one changes the other

probably also changes.

Dots that look like they are

trying to form a line are

strongly correlated.

Sometimes the scatter plot

may show little correlation

when all the data areconsidered at once.

Stratifying the data, that

is, breaking it into two or

more groups based on

some difference such as

the equipment used, thetime of day, some

variation in materials or

differences in the people

involved, may show

surprising results


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Scatter Diagrams You may occasionally get scatter

diagrams that look boomerang- orbanana-shaped.

To analyze the strength of the

correlation, divide the scatter plot

into two sections.

Treat each half separately in your

analysis

Benefits:

Helps identify and test probable

causes.

By knowing which elements of your

process are related and how they are

related, you will know what to control

or what to vary to affect a quality

characteristic.


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CONTROL CHARTS

7- QC ToolS


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Control Charts

Purpose:The primary purpose of a control chart is to predict

expected product outcome.

Benefits:

Predict process out of control and out of specification

limits

Distinguish between specific, identifiable causes of

variation


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Control Chart

Upper Limit

Lower Limit

Unacceptable

deviation

X


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Logical Order for QC Tools

FlowChart

CheckSheet

Histograms

ScatterDiagrams

ControlCharts

Cause&

Effect

ParetoAnalysis

BigPicture

DataCollection

DataAnalysis

ProblemIdentification Prioritization


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Thank You

7 qc tools basic - copy.ppt

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