7-st. pauls academy

8/10/2019 7-St. Pauls Academy

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CODE : 06

CONSERVING ENERGY


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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

SAVING ENERGY BY

CHANGING HABITS

AND LIFE STYLES

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

TR NSPORT

SECTOR

POWER SECTOR

OTHER SECTORS

CONSERVING

ENERGY T HOME

CONSERVING ENERGY

BY REDUCE, REUSE,

RECYCLE

HOME IMPROVEMENTS

CONSERVING ENERGY

BY USING

ALTERNATIVE

SOURCE OF ENERGY

PROPOSED IDEAS

WHAT GOVERNMENT

CAN DO?


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INTRODUCTIONEnergy is an important feature in modern life. It is required for carrying outmany types of activities. As we use more and more energy to meet not only

our basic needs but also our growing desire for material goods andconvenience we are running out of resources and hence it is imperative thatwe should use our energy resource judiciously. We can conserve energyby changing our life styles, reducing our wants using energy resourcesefficiently and by tapping renewable sources of energy. Energyconservation involves avoiding wastage of energy and adopting methods toconserve energy without affecting productivity and comforts. We can do this

in many ways:- Using, producing, managing and distributing energy more efficiently.

Improving efficiency by technological up gradation and improved

Operation and maintenance.

Providing saving for energy saving equipments, practices and

Techniques.

Energy conservation can be achieved at all stages like generation,transmission, distribution and utilization. We must remember that energysaved is energy generated. Energy can be saved in basically two ways:-

We can save energy by changing our energy wasting habits and by

Changing our lifestyles.

We can save energy by using efficient technology which makes maximumuse of energy and there is a negligible wastage.


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SAVING ENERGY BY CHANGING

HABITS AND LIFE STYLESWe can save a lot of energy by adopting thefollowing steps:-

We should also reduce wasteful consumption. Allcommodities we use require energy at the stage

of production, packaging and transport. Forexample, consider a shirt the production of fiber,yarn, fabric, etc. require energy. Energy is alsorequired while transporting raw material as wellas finished products. Hence, when we do notbuy a shirt which we really do not need, we aresaving energy. We can save energy in varioussectors like:-


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INDUSTRIAL SECTORIndustry is the largest consumer of electricity in India. It can make

the largest contribution to energy conservation by using energysaving equipments and adopting more efficient processes andpractices. Products are being re-designed to use less material orsubstitute new materials which require less energy in theirmanufacture than traditional materials. A greater attention is beingpaid to a products life cycle.

Energy efficiency means not only efficiency in consumption ofenergy, but also efficiency in its generation and distribution. Inthermal power plants and factories, cogeneration can be used as bythis we can get two useful forms of energy from the same source.

In India, at present, nearly three fourth of energy input is lost aswaste heat. This waste heat from coal-fired and other industrialboilers which is in the form of high temperature steam could be used

to turn turbines to produce electricity.An Industry is driven by profit motive. Manufacturers will makeinvestments in energy efficiency only if it helps to increase theirprofit by reducing energy consumption. For many industries, the useof innovative technologies stops or reduces pollution and lowers thecost of complying with anti-pollution laws. It also reduces energy

consumption.


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TR NSPORT SECTOR

In India, the transport sector is the largest consumer of energy after

industry. In cities, 60-90 per cent of the people use either bus, rickshaw, orbicycle. While the bus system is inefficient and inadequate, the strength ofIndias transport is the large and growing number of bicycles. Bicycle do notconsume fuels, are non-polluting, takes up less road space and needinexpensive infrastructure than cars, scooters, etc. Therefore, bicycle as amean of transport should be promoted.

Many people use bicycle because they cannot afford the bus fare. But road

conditions are not good and cyclists are often the victims of most accidents.Investing in making road conditions better and safe for the cyclist will notonly reduce energy consumption, air and noise pollution, but will also takecare of the commuting needs of the poor. Safe tracks for bicycles mightencourage even scooter or car owners to shift to bicycles for short trips.

There is also a need for developing energy efficient vehicles and theirmaintenance to ensure fuel efficiency and less pollution. If public

transportation is improved, the people would depend less on privatevehicles. This would reduce pollution and save energy.

Land-use planning and zoning can help to bring homes closer toworkplaces. This would reduce the energy consumed in commuting.

For transporting materials, less energy intensive alternatives should beexplored. For example, pipelines can be used to transport for not only oiland gas but also coal and certain minerals in the form of slurry.


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POWER SECTOR

A concept that has assumed great importance in thepower sector is DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT (DSM).In India, this faces acute shortage and also theincreasing demand for the more power, it is far better forpower companies to help their customers to reduce the

demands. Pricing policy of the energy sector in India is not rational.

It costs much more to produce and supply the energy toconsumers than what is paid for it. If consumer paysmore realistic price, they would use commercial energy

more carefully. A more rational energy pricing policy, combined with

incentives for efficient use and penalties on wasteful usewould encourage energy consumption.


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OTHER SECTORS

Energy for cooking constitutes a large proportion of Indias total energyconsumption and the main source of energy for cooking for the people is

firewood. Firewood is burnt in Chula. Efficient Chula can help in conservingenergy. Improvements in the designs of Chula are meant to improve theheating which involves three stages:-

1.Efficient generation of heat through efficient burning of the wood.

2.Efficient transmission of heat to the cooking pot.

3.Retention of heat in the Chula, and minimization of loss of heat.

The principal behind the design improvements of Chula should be toregulate the inflow and outflow of air currents in such a way that the woodburn efficiently and there is maximum use of heat generated. The chimneyeliminates the smoke and provides a healthy cooking environment.

India has more than 11 million electric irrigation pumps and each uses, onan average, 5632 kWh per year. Studies have shown that 35 per cent of theelectricity used by the pumps could be saved by replacing the high friction

components. This would be saving more than 2000 MW of power. Nanotechnology can help in increasing efficiency of devices and energy

utilization. Nanotechnology involves the study and manipulation of matter ona nanometer scale. It is helping to develop efficient thermoelectric elements,which directly produce power from heat. It helps produce micro-turbines andmicro-engines. These engines have the size of a 50-paise coin and arecapable of running on fuels like ethanol and methanol.


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CONSERVING ENERGY T

HOME

We can do many things to conserve energy at our own house it self. We can replace the old lightbulbs with energy saving fluorescent bulbs. In comparison to incandescent light bulbs, CFLs havea longer rated life and use less electricity. CFLs are typically guaranteed for 8000 hours whereasincandescent bulbs typically last up to 500-2000 hours depending on exposure to voltage spikesand mechanical shocks.

We should turn off lights and all electric devices that are not in use. Not only turn them off but tryto remember to unplug them. We should air dry our dishes. When washing in a dish washer, theheat generated during the washing cycle is more than enough to dry your dishes. We should cleanor replace air filters regularly. This can vary according to the filter we are using. It is also important

that our air filter fits properly and air is moving through it and not around it. We should close vents and doors in unused rooms. We should not cool or warm the areas thatpeople are not in. We should weather strip the doors and windows. Weather stripping is aninexpensive alternative to replacing windows and will save our thousands of rupees. We shouldwash the clothes in cold water. Cold water does clean, and many laundry soaps manufacturersnow offers soaps specifically made for washing clothes in cold water.

We should wash clothes in the morning or in evening when its cooler. Sounds silly to everyonebut the heat generated by the dryer will warm the house and in the summer months our airconditioners will use more energy to cool our home.

The most important in these things is while shopping for new appliances we should invest inenergy star. Energy star appliances are not by any means cheap, the upfront cost will pay for itselften fold in the amount of energy we should be saving over the time.

When we choose our new car, we should be sure to check the miles per gallon to see howefficient our car will be, this not only helps the environment but it saves our money on fuel too. Ifwe recycle more, we will be helping to conserve energy, put into making new versions of what wehave recycled, and this also reduces the burden on landfill site and incinerators which are notgood for the environment.


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CONSERVING ENERGY BY

REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE The amount of waste generated by us can be reduced

by buying minimally packaged goods, choosing reusableproducts over disposable ones, and recycling. If your carhas an air conditioner, make sure its coolant isrecovered and recycled whenever you have it serviced.

For every pound of waste you eliminate or recycle, yousave energy and reduce emission of carbon dioxide byat least one pound. Cutting down your garbage by half ofone large trash bag per week saves at least 1100pounds of carbon dioxide per year. Making products with

recycled materials, instead of from scratch with rawmaterials uses 30-55 per cent less for paper products,33 per cent less for glass, and a whopping 90 per centless for aluminiums.


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HOME IMPROVEMENTS

When you plan a major home improvement, consider some of theenergy saving investments. They save money in the long run, andtheir carbon dioxide savings can often be measured in tons per year.One can insulate walls and ceilings. This can save 20-30 per cent ofhome heating bills and reduce our carbon dioxide emission by 140-2100 pounds per year. If a person lives in a colder climate, considersuperinsulsating. That can save 5.5 tons of carbon dioxide per year

for gas heated homes, 8.8tons per year for oil heat, or 23 tons peryear for electric heat.

One can modernize his/her windows. Replacing all the ordinarywindows with argon filled, double-glazed windows save 2.4 tons ofcarbon dioxide per year for homes with gas heat, 3.9 tons of oil heat,and 9.8 tons of electric heat.

One can plant shade trees and can paint the house a light color ifhe/she lives in a warm climate or a dark color if he/she lives in a coldclimate. Reduction in energy use resulting from shade trees andappropriate painting can save up to 2.4 tons of carbon dioxideemission per year.


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CONSERVING ENERGY BY

USING ALTERNATIVE SOURCE

OF ENERGY As we all know, Energy conservation is the

reduction of quantity of energy used. Energy

conservation supports the eco-friendly lifestylesby providing energy which saves your money

and at the same time saves the earth. When you

decrease the amount of energy you use, you

automatically make efforts to reduce increasingglobal warming. We can use many alternative

source of energies or nonconventional source

of energy to conserve energy.


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# SOLAR ENERGY Amongst all forms of energy, solar energy has

the greatest potential. If only a small amount ofenergy could be utilized, it would be one of the

most important supplies of energy. Solar energy

falling on the earth in an hour is almost equal to

the total energy used by the population of theworld in a year. India receives about 6000 billion

MW of solar energy per year. If only one per

cent of this energy could be more than 30-35

times Indias present population.

Solar energy can be used by different devices

for different purposes like:-

1 )SOLAR HEATING DEVICES


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1.)SOLAR HEATING DEVICESThere are many types of solar heating devices like solar cooker, which is used forcooking food, heating the food, using solar energy from the sun. Solar furnace isanother such device which is used to melt most of the materials at sufficiently hightemperature. Solar water heater is also a solar heating device. It is used in bighotels for hot water supply. It is used in hospitals for hot water supply. Solarcooker is one of the simplest solar thermal devices used for the purpose of

cooking. A typical solar cooker consists of a large box with glass windows to letthe sunlight in. The sunlight is directed through the windows with the help ofreflectors or mirrors. The inside walls of the sides are painted black for efficientabsorption of light. The box is insulated on the outside so that the heat cannotescape. The heated inside of the box emits infra red radiations to which the glasswindow is opaque. In this way a significant amount of the energy entering the ovenis retained. The cooking pot is placed inside the box and cooking is madepossible.

One of the most successful applications of solar energy have been in the field ofwater heating. Sunlight is allowed to fall on flat plate collector which are shallowrectangular trays filled with water and properly inclined so that the efficiency ofcollection is highest. The surface exposed to the sun is painted black for efficientabsorption of energy. However, since the heated collector will also be losing heatby radiation, it is the usual practice to store the heated water inside a separatetank whose surface is insulated and which thus retains most of the heat. Generallythe water is allowed to circulate so that energy of water entering the collector is

heated first and the hot water moves inside the storage tank with cold water takingits place.

2.) SOLAR CELLSThe potential difference produced by a single Solar cell of 4 cm^2 is between 0.4-0.5 volts. Solar cells are mainly responsible for providing electrical energy to thesatellites and space probes. In India, Solar cells are used for providing electricityfor street lights and operating community centre, TV. And radios.


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WIND ENERGY

The energy possessed by the wind is because of its highspeed. Wind energy is fast emerging as one of the mostcost effective source of power because it combines theabundance of a natural source with modern technology.

Wind is used to run windmill, which in turn drives agenerator to produce power. Wind can also be used toprovide mechanical power, such as for pumping water.The electricity produced by a single windmill is quitesmall and cannot be used for commercial purposes. The

energy output from all the windmills is coupled togetherto get electricity on large scale.


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HYDEL ENERGY

Hydel energy is produced from the energy that is

released when water falls from a high level with

great force. Hence, dams are constructed to

store water which is released from the top of thedam for generating hydroelectric power.

Hydroelectric scheme s has developed in

mysore, Maharashtra, Kashmir, Chennai, up.

and Punjab. Hydel energy can be used as powerfor industry. It can also be used for the irrigation

purpose.


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PROPOSED IDEASUsing natural energy resourcesdoesn't necessarily mean you will conserveany energy Many little things can be done in an attempt to conserve energyin the home. It is knowing how to do these little energy conservationprocesses that many people do not know about, understand, or just don'tcare. Another way relating to how we can conserve energy is to ensurewhenever we have finished using appliances that may have a light on them(such as a standby light), we switch the appliance off, or unplug after use.Little things can make a big difference in conserving energy around thehome, and this is especially true for dishwashers, washing machines anddryers. Modern dishwashers have energy saving wash cycles, we strongly

advise the use of such features, washing machines can be set to lowertemperature washes, when used with the right washing powder, and adryer, well if you own a dryer, get rid of it and dry your washing naturally ona washing line. Hybrid cars can make a difference to your carbon footprint,and can help you save energy. No, they will not eliminate carbon emissionsfrom their exhausts, yet they will greatly reduce the amount of carbon youpump into the air each year. The only reason you should need a 4x4 vehicle

is if you live in a rough terrain area, or constantly snowy area. When youchoose your next car, be sure to check the miles per gallon to see howefficient your car will be, this not only helps the environment but it saves youmoney on fuel too. When conserving energy, we can also look to ourheating methods, why not reduce your heating thermostat or radiators byonly 1 degree for a lengthy time, and compare your heating bill? If yourecycle more, you will be helping to conserve energy put into making newversions of what you have recycled, and this also reduces the burden onlandfill sites and incinerators which are not good for the environment.

1 ) Save energy to save money
http://www.clean-energy-ideas.com/index.htmlhttp://www.clean-energy-ideas.com/index.html


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1.) Save energy to save money. Set your thermostat a few degrees lower in the winter and a few degrees higher in the summer to save

on heating and cooling costs.

Install compact fluorescent bulbs (CFLs) when your older incandescent bulbs burn out.

Unplug appliances when you're not using them.

Wash clothes in cold water whenever possible. As much as 85 percent of the energy used to machine-wash clothes goes to heating the water.

Use a drying rack or clothesline to save the energy otherwise used during machine drying.2.) Save water to save money. Take shorter showers to reduce water use. This will lower your water and heating bills too.

Install a low-flow showerhead. They don't cost much, and the water and energy savings can quickly payback your investment.

Make sure you have a faucet aerator on each faucet. These inexpensive appliances conserve heat andwater, while keeping water pressure high.

Plant drought-tolerant native plants in your garden. Many plants need minimal watering. Find out which

occur naturally in your area.3.) Keep electronics out of the trash. Keep your cell phones, computers, and other electronics as long as possible.

Donate or recycle them responsibly when the time comes. E-waste contains mercury and other toxicsand is a growing environmental problem.

Recycle your cell phone.

Ask your local government to set up an electronics recycling and hazardous waste collection event.

4.) Borrow instead of buying.

Borrow from libraries instead of buying personal books and movies. This saves money, not to mentionthe ink and paper that goes into printing new books.

Share power tools and other appliances. Get to know your neighbors while cutting downon the number of things cluttering your closet or garage.

5.) Buy smart. Buy in bulk. Purchasing food from bulk bins can save money and packaging.

Wear clothes that don't need to be dry-cleaned. This saves money and cuts down on toxic chemical use.

Invest in high-quality, long lasting products. You might pay more now, but you'll be happy when you don'thave to replace items as frequently (and this means less waste!).


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WHAT GOVERNMENT CAN DO? Increase the price of gasoline and electricity is the only thing

government can do to conserve energy resources. It is well knownthat government plays a significant role in energy conservation. Ireckon that there are three alternative means can be used bygovernment in addition to increasing prices of electricity andgasoline. Thus, increasing the price of gasoline and electricity is notthe only thing government can do to conserve energy resources. Tostart with, government can invest money to explore new energy

resource like solar energy, nuclear power and wind energy.Electricity-producing solar technology is a very good choice forgovernment's investment because the costs of it are morecompetitive with conventional electrical generating technology.Besides, solar energy can be used for space and water heating, andthe costs are also low. Like solar energy, nuclear power is also notexpensive. It costs the same as coal, and it produces large amountsof energy from small amounts of fuel. Different from the above two,a utility wind energy project requires large capital investment.However, because the wind turbines require no fuel, operating costsof wind farms are generally low. Furthermore, government can raisepublic consciousness of energy conservation. There are at lease, inmy opinion, two measures can be taken by government.


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