7 US History Student Name:_____________

Unit 3.1: Middle Colonies & Trade Period: ___________________

Time Period: 1500-1700

Unit Questions

(Prepare to answer these questions for unit exam)

1. Why did the earliest English colonies in the New World struggle to survive?

2. How did Jamestown success where English colonies failed?

3. Who was Pocahontas? How can we determine legend from history?

4. What were the Middle Colonies? How were they similar? Different?

5. Who were the Iroquois? What impact did they have on early U.S. history?

6. How did the Beaver Wars destroy Native American power in the Great Lakes?

Thought Jots

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Free Note-taking Lined Paper from http://incompetech.com/graphpaper/notelined/

Unit 3.1: Trade & Middle Colonies Name: Per:

FROM THE LECTURE:

Starving Time

Apprentice

Iroquois Confederacy

Fur Trade

Beaver Wars

Plantation

Bacon’s Rebellion

Slave Codes

FROM THE BOOK: Section 5.1 (p. 122-126)

Roanoke Island

Joint-stock company

Charter

Jamestown

John Smith

Pocahontas

Powhatan

John Rolfe

Plantation

Indentured Servant

House of Burgesses

Royal Colony

FROM THE BOOK: Section 5.4 (p.137-140)

Middle Colonies

New Amsterdam/New York

Patroons

New Sweden

Proprietor

Proprietary Colony

William Penn

Quakers

10/24/2013

1

Reasons for English Colonization

• England hoped to _______________________ in America (Mercantilism)

• England wanted to get ___________________ from the New World (Triangle Trade)

• England wanted new markets to sell its _______________________________(Triangle Trade & Mercantilism.

Roanoke Island (Lost Colony)• _____________________

asked Queen Elizabeth of England if he could lead a group of people to begin a colony in the USA.

• Queen Elizabeth gave Raleigh a _____________(a document that allowed colonists to live on land owned by their country.)

Picture Credit: http://www.huvard.com/becka/raleigh/welcome.html

________________(1st Time)

• In 1585, the first English people tried to begin a colony.

• This became the 1st

English colony in the USA.

• It failed due to hunger and bad relations with the Native Americans.

• All but 15 men went back to England on a ship.

Roanoke (2nd Time)• England returned in

August 1590 to find no colonists on Roanoke Island.

• On one of the trees was written _________________.

• Croatoan was the name of an island nearby as well as the name of the Native Americans living in the area.

Picture Credit:

http://www.outer-banks.com/lost.cfm

10/24/2013

2

Roanoke (2nd Time)• The English attacked

the Native Americans for revenge.

• They were defeated.

• They abandoned the colony and returned to England

Picture Credit:

http://www.outer-banks.com/lost.cfm

The Virginia Company• In 1606, King James I

gave permission to the ____________ _________________to try a colony.

• The Virginia Company was a _____________ ________________where investors bought shares in the company and shared the profits.

Discovery

Godspeed

Susan Constant

Picture Credit:

http://www.bchs.k12.va.us/Technology%20Class/powerpoint/jamestown.ppt

Jamestown Colony• On May 14, 1607, the

settlers began building the first English ___________________ ___________________on the James River in Virginia.

• __________________was named after the King James I and Virginia was named after the Virgin Queen of England.

Picture Credit: www.cbc.cc.tx.us/acdem/social/hist1301/Hist1301-2anarr.ppt

Jamestown Colony Jamestown was about business

• The colonists of Jamestown were not seeking religious freedom.

• They were hoping to ___________________!

• Most of the men who first settled there were ______________________________.

• They did not expect to have to _________________________________.

10/24/2013

3

Reasons for Jamestown Difficulties

• Not educated in how to ____________ ______________________in New World.

• Bad location for farming• Not enough people in the Jamestown

settlement especially _______________ ________________________________.

• Native American Battles• Many settlers starved

Starving Time

• Jamestown depended on ______________ ________________________to supply it with what it needed to survive.

• While they waited for the ships to return, __________________________.

• This was known as the “__________________”

Jamestown “Starving Time” Graphic Organizer

Cut along dotted line 

Fold along this line  

Name at least three factors that led to the Jamestown “Starving Time.”

How did the food sources change during this time? 

What would YOU have done or not done if you were a colonist during the “Starving Time”? 

Cut along dotted line 

© 2009 †he çolonial  ƒoundation 

10/24/2013

1

How did a princess and tobacco save Jamestown?

Hardships Faced By The Settlers

• The site they chose to live on was __________________ and lacked _________________________________.

• The settlers lacked ______________ ___________________necessary to provide for themselves.

• Many settlers died of starvation and disease.

Characters in the Story

Captain John Smith

• Military commander of Jamestown.

• He kept order during the Starving Time.

• He forced soldiers to become settlers.

• Made Jamestown start farming

• Opened trade with the Native Americans

Changes That Ensured Survival

• The arrival of two supply ships

• The ___________________________and strong leadership of Captain John

Smith

• The emphasis on __________________ _________________________________.

10/24/2013

2

The arrival of women in 1620 made it possible

for the settlers to _______________

__________________and a more

permanent settlement at Jamestown.

Captain John Smith initiated trading relationships with the

_______________.

The Powhatans traded _____________ _____________ with the English in

exchange for _______________________________,

and other goods.

Characters in the Story

• Leader of the Powhatan Nation

• Helped Jamestown survive by:– ______________________

– ______________________ ______________________ _____________________

• Made an alliance with the English by marrying his daughter, Pocahontas to an Englishman

______________________

Characters in the Story

______________________

• According to legend, she saved Captain John Smith from execution after he was captured by Chief Powhatan

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3

The Powhatan people contributed to the survival of the Jamestown settlers in several ways.

• Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, believed the English and American Indians (First Americans) ____________________.

• Pocahontas began a friendship with the colonists __________ __________________.

Characters in the Story

• Married Pocahontas ____________________ ____________________ between Jamestown and the Powhatan Nation

• This time was crucial. It _____________________ __________________ and become permanent.

______________________

Characters in the Story

• Figured out how to grow __________________.

• This guaranteed the future of Jamestown.

• Tobacco was very profitable.

• Tobacco was a ____________________.

• This means they grew tobacco _____________it not to _____________ it.

______________________

The Powhatan people contributed to the survival of the Jamestown settlers in several ways.

• The Powhatan people realized the English settlement would continue to grow.

• The Powhatans saw the colonists as __________________ that would take over their land.

Pocahontas: Legend vs. History

Disney & Legend Firsthand Accounts & Historical Documents

Pocahontas and John Smith were both young adults when they met.

Pocahontas was a girl of 11; Smith was a man of 28.

Pocahontas had an amazing figure, and wore a leather minidress with one shoulder strap. She had a tatoo.

Pocahontas was a naked child when she visited John Smith in Jamestown. For Winter warmth, she would wear a mantle; one of hers was covered with feathers. When she turned 12, she started wearing a leather dress with or without one shoulder strap. Dresses were often decorated with pictures of animals, birds, or tortoises. She probably did have tatoos.

John Smith was tall and clean shaven. He wore tight pants and some armor.

John Smith was short, had a full beard, and wore puffy pants (like everyone else). He did wear the type of armor shown.

As soon as they landed, John Smith started scouting around.

John Smith was arrested and clapped in irons during the voyage, and was not released until a month after the landing at Jamestown. After that, he did plenty of exploring and trading. He mapped most of the area.

John Smith was captured when ventured out alone at night to meet Pocahontas.

John Smith was captured on an expedition one day in December, when he and his Indian guide split off from the other two Englishmen.

John Smith was going to be executed on top of a bluff at dawn, in front of an army of colonists who had come to rescue him.

It appeared that John Smith was going to be executed in Powhatan's long house, in front of Powhatan's warriors and counselors. The colonists did not know where he was.

John Smith and Pocahontas met in the wilderness and fell in love, like Romeo and Juliet.

John Smith met Pocahontas when she "rescued" him from execution. Powhatan then adopted Smith as his son, "Nantaquoud". Pocahontas and her new kinsman became good friends.

Pocahontas was engaged to Kocoum, but she chose John Smith instead.

This really belongs in Pocahontas II. After John Smith went home to England, then Pocahontas was engaged to Kocoum, but she chose John Rolfe instead.

Back in England, Ratcliffe tries to have Smith killed. Smith escapes but decides to lay low. Pocahontas hears that he has died.

When Smith was evacuated to England for treatment of his gunpowder wound in October 1609, the colonists told Pocahontas that he had died.

Handsome diplomat John Rolfe is dispached to Virginia. He manages to mistake Pocahontas for the chief at first, but recovers quickly.

While Pocahontas was being held hostage at Jamestown in 1613, she met colonist John Rolfe, a successful tobacco planter and sincere Christian. She converted to Christianity and married him in April 1614.

Pocahontas and Rolfe rush to England, on a desperate mission to avert the war.

The "Peace of Pocahontas" began with the marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe. Their son Thomas was born around 1615. In 1616, the Virginia Company sent the Rolfe family on a promotional English tour, with several other Indians and colonists.

Pocahontas and John Rolfe set sail for Virginia. Love is in the air. The End.

The Rolfe family set sail for Virginia, but disease was in the air. Pocahontas died at Gravesend.

10/24/2013

1

Quickfire

• What is William Penn? (In this area)

• Where are the ancestors of many people in Pella from?

• T/F New York City is in the record books for one of the cheapest land purchases in history

• Find the connections in the lecture!

Middle Colonies

• _______________

• _______________

• ________________

• _______________

New York: Dutch in North America

_________________________

• The Dutch settled in two locations

– ________________

– ____________(1623)

• In present day

– _______________

– _______________

10/24/2013

2

New York: Dutch in North America

______________________ =

• The Dutch buy the island of __________________ for $30.

• They name the colony _________________________after Amsterdam in the Netherlands

• This is future site of New York City (after the English capture it)

• Today Manhattan is worth over fifty billion dollars (it’s one of the best buys in history)

___________________________

Patroon System

• Huge estates granted to promoters who would settle 50 persons on them. (One estate in Albany larger than state of Rhode Island!

• Patroons live like lords, ruling their farm workers like peasants.

• This is an example of how slavery was not yet _________________.

______________________

Delaware

________________________

• Sweden comes out of nowhere and settles modern day ____________________!

• Why is this important?

• Because the Swedish settlers invented the _____________, duh!

• They are absorbed by New Netherlands (Dutch)

• Then New Netherlands is conquered by the English and renamed New York

1638-1655

10/24/2013

3

The English are as original as usual…

What should we call New Netherlands?

• The English rename New Netherlands after the lord who paid for the conquest: the ___________(New York, 1664)

• They also rename the city of New Amsterdam…New York City.

• Yeah, original (I know).

• In 1685, New York becomes the direct property of ______.

____________(King’s Brother)

The Quakers

A religious group from England

• ___________in England emerged during mid-1600's (Religious Society of Friends)

• They opposed authority (like kings)

• Refused to support the English Church with taxes

• Didn’t pay religious leaders

• Took no oaths.

• __________________: Refused military service; advocated passive resistance

• Simple and democratic; sought religious and civic freedom.

• Believed in an “_________________," not scripture or religious leaders

• all men as equal in God's eyes.

• Suffered persecution in New England & other colonies for opposing authority.

Pennsylvania

Penn’s Forest• 1681, William Penn gained

huge grant from the king in return for money owed to his father.

• He founded colony as a haven for ____________________

• He also did it to experiment with government

• …while making a profit.• Penn’s “_________________":

Religious toleration among many denominations.

________________________

1

IROQUOIS- What’S IN a Name?

Iroquois is an easily recognized name, but like the names of many tribes, it was given them by their enemies.

The Algonquin called them the Iroqu (Irinakhoiw) “___________________________________."

After the French added the Gallic suffix "-ois" to this insult, the name became Iroquois. The Iroquois call themselves Haudenosaunee meaning “_____________________________________."

Location! Location! Location!The original homeland of the Iroquois was in

____________ __ ______________between the Adirondack Mountains and Niagara Falls. Through conquest and migration, they gained control of most of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada.

1. Why was the Iroquois village set up with palisades (walls)?

2. How does the set up of the village reflect their values?

2

Why did the nations unite?

Iroquois included FIVE NATIONS.

Only Oneida

One Onondaga

Slob Seneca

Can Cayuga

Munch Mohawk

*later Tuscarora joins the league in 1715

These five nations were frequently __________ ____________________and rival NY tribe, the Algonquins.

Dekanawida, or _________________,

a prophet, inspires ________________ to create an alliance.

Dekanawida’s Legend

“PEACE AND UNITY”

“The Iroquois must come together by taking hold of each other’s hands so firmly and forming a circle that is a tree should fall upon it, it could not shake, could not break it, do that our people and grandchildren shall remain in the circle of security, peace, and happiness!”

http://www.onondagavesica.info/docs/TreeofPeace.htm

Iroquois Confederacy:

The Five nations of the Iroquois

formed an _____________ to end

fighting and become strong. Known

as the ______________________________.

Only Oneida

One Onondaga

Slob Seneca

Can Cayuga

Munch Mohawk

Grand Council (____________)

A council of 50 specially chosen tribal leaders who

_______________for the League of the 5 Nations.

Ex) decided on war and trade by VOTING.

Adapt: to adjust to the environment and

surrounding resources.

i.e. Iroquois used bark to create longhouses.

Plains Indians used buffalo skin to make tepees.

3

The Five Nations

• In 1570 the members of the Iroquois formed a confederation or loose alliance.

• Each tribe governed itself. • Matters that were

important to all, such as war and trade were decided by a _______ _______________.

• A constitution, or _________ ________________, was drafted.

Iroquois League

• Men from each of the five tribes served on the council.

• The oldest women of each tribe chose the council

• Each member had one vote

• All had to agree before anything was done.

How is the Iroquois league democratic?

Why is the formation of the Confederacy so important?

The Iroquois Constitution creates establishes a

___________________________with rights and

responsibilities of elected officials, a system for

the creation of laws and settling of disputes

between nations, and a process for declaring

and conducting war.

The Iroquois Constitution becomes one of

the influential documents in the creation

of the ___________________________________.

Roots of Democracy Essay

• Democracy is a type of government where the people and not a king have the power. The USA is a democracy.

• We have talked about two groups of people from which our countries democracy can be traced, the Quakers and the Iroquois Confederation.

4

Roots of Democracy Essay

• Explain how democracy in the USA can be traced back to the Quakers.

• Explain how democracy in the USA can be traced back to the Iroquois Confederation.

10/24/2013

1

Native-French Relations in New France

• Lucky that Iroquois had retreated from St. Lawrence Valley by 1608– Huron, Mikmaqs, Montagnais

• Company of New France 1608-1663 – Focus on __________________

• The farther North, the better fur• Natives trap, process, and transport

– ______________________

________________:

1608-1760: 27,000

Importance of the 1660s, “Diplomatic Immunity,”

métis

__________________:

1607-1760: 1,000,000

Immigration

10/24/2013

2

Dutch map of the New Netherland area

(circa 1650)

Competition and the Environment

_________________(1633-1701): _________ attempt to dominate the ______

• 1633-1645: Conflict a Draw as Iroquoisfight for Huron hunting grounds

• 1645-1647: Short Peace of 2 years– Iroquois still cut out of trade

• 1647-1653: Iroquois Begin another conflict and Prevail– Huron outgunned and annihilated– Iroquois win trading rights at Montreal

• 1653-1658: Peace lasts 5 short years– Iroquois still cut out of fur trade by Ottawa and

attack French in 1658

• 1658-1667: French Prevail– Smallpox, French troops, and Ottawa &

Canadian militia victories lead to French success

__________________

• 1667-1680: Long period of Peace– French Fur Trade Expands

further West and South– Jesuits sent amongst the

Mohawk and win important allies

– New Netherland becomes New York

• 1680-1701: French Prevail– Iroquois attack an over-

extended France in 1680• Guerilla tactics

• 1701: _____________Canadian militia

Map of North America

Key (label the following on the map above):

Native Americans:

Iroquois Confederacy

Huron Tribes

Algonquian Tribes

Europeans :

New France (French Canada)

English 13 Original Colonies

Virginia (English Colony)

Spanish Mexico

Geographic Features:

Great Lakes

Atlantic Ocean

Mississsippi River

St. Lawerence Seaway

Study Guide Quiz 3.1: Traders & Middle Colonies Name: Per:

Vocabulary (What is it? Why is it important?)

Starving Time

Iroquois Confederacy

Fur Trade

Beaver Wars

Roanoke Island

Joint-Stock Company

Charter

Jamestown

John Smith

Pocahontas

Chief Powhatan

Powhatan Nation

John Rolfe

Middle Colonies

New Amsterdam/New York

Patroon

William Penn

Quakers

Democracy

Concepts:

Why did both Jamestown and Roanoke have a Starving Time?

Why did Jamestown boom, while Roanoke busted?

What two things did John Rolfe do to save Jamestown?

How did Pocahontas help save Jamestown?

Who was William Penn? Why did he want to found a colony in the New World?

How can the roots of democracy in the US be traced back to the Quakers?

How can the roots of democracy in the US be traced back to the Iroquois?

List the Middle Colonies.

Which European powers participated in the Fur Trade?

Which Native Americans participate in the Fur Trade?

Native Americans traded beaver fur for guns. o Explain how this started the Beaver Wars.

o Explain how this made the Beaver Wars worse.