70+ literary terms +poetry terminology holt literature

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70+ Literary Terms +Poetry Terminology HOLT Literature

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70+ Literary Terms +Poetry Terminology HOLT Literature. tone. tone. the writer’s attitude Ex: optimistic, argumentative, lighthearted, etc. claim. claim. 1. to demand by or as by virtue of a right; demand as a right or as due: to claim an estate by inheritance. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: 70+  Literary Terms +Poetry Terminology HOLT Literature

70+ Literary Terms

+Poetry Terminology

HOLT Literature

Page 2: 70+  Literary Terms +Poetry Terminology HOLT Literature

tone

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tone the writer’s attitude

Ex: optimistic, argumentative, lighthearted, etc.

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claim

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claim1. to demand by or as by virtue of a right; demand as a right or as due: to claim an estate by inheritance. 2. to assert and demand the recognition of (a right, title, possession, etc.); assert one's right to: to claim payment for services. 3. to assert or maintain as a fact: She claimed that he was telling the truth. 4. to require as due or fitting: to claim respect.

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proposition

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proposition

an important idea or opinion

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argument

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argumenta statement, reason, or fact for or against a point:

This is a strong argument in favor of her theory.

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assertion

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assertiona positive statement or declaration, often without support or reason: a mere assertion; an unwarranted assertion.

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evidence

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evidencefacts, statistics, anecdotes,quotes from experts that areused to support the claim orthesis

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internalconsistency

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internalconsistency

all of the parts of a text are connected and agree with what came before

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coherence

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coherenceFor a text to be logical, the parts of a text must sticktogether and be clearly understood

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thesis

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thesis1. a proposition stated or put forward for consideration, especially one to be discussed and proved or to be maintained against objections: He vigorously defended his thesis on the causes of war. 2. a subject for a composition or essay.

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term

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termdefinition/example

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pun

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punthe humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning; a play on words.

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plot

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plotchain of related events that tells us what happens in a story

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conflict

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problem faced by a character

conflict

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resolved

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how the story turns out

resolved

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complications

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situations that create conflict

complications

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climax

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when the outcome of the conflictis decided

climax

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resolution

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the last part of the plot;the end of the story

resolution

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subplots

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parts that are part of the largerstory but are not as important

subplots

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parallelepisodes

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the storyteller repeats the main outline of an episode several times

parallelepisodes

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proposition

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propositionan opinion;usually in the beginning of a persuasivearticle

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facts

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factsthe results of scientific research and surveys

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statistics

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statistics

facts in number form

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examples

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examplesspecific instances that illustratereasons or facts

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anecdotes

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brief stories, such as personal experiences

anecdotes

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opinion

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opiniona belief or an attitude

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foreshadowing

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clues that hint at what will happen later

foreshadowing

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characterization

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the way a writer reveals character

characterization

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motivation

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motivationwhat makes people behave the way they do

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motives

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motiveswhy characters do the things they do

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biography

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biographythe story of someone’s life writtenby another person

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actions

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actionswhat characters say and do

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character

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characterthe way someone is

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biased

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biasedone-sided, treatment of a subject

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autobiography

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the story of a writers own life by the writer

autobiography

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setting

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settingwhere and when a story takes place

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mood

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moodatmosphere; the feeling of the story

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chronology

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chronologytime order; what happens first, next, and last

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inference

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inferenceeducated guess based on clues the writer gives you and your own experience

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conclusion

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conclusionfinal thought or judgement about what you have read

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valid

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validboth true and logical

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generalization

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a broad statement that can applyto many situations

generalization

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theme

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themeanswers the question“What does this reveal?”

the general idea or insightabout human existence

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main idea

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main ideathe message, opinion, or insight that is central to a pieceof non-fiction

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refrain

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refrainrepeated sounds, words, phrases,lines, or a group of lines

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allusion

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allusiona reference to features of a culture that people share(literature, religion, history,mythology, sports)

Ex: “I have a dream” speech

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narrator

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narratorperson telling the story

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verbal irony

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verbal ironywe say just the opposite of whatwe mean

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situationalirony

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situationalirony

what happens is different fromwhat we expect

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dramatic irony

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dramatic irony

we know something a characterdoesn’t know

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fallaciousreasoning

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fallaciousreasoning

“false thinking”when people draw incorrect or false conclusionsEx: Because the world is flat, you’ll fall off if you sail to the end.

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sterotyping

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stereotyping

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stereotypingbelieving that all members of a group sharea certain characteristic

Ex: All teenagers are angry and rebellious, and they all sleep too late.

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fallacy

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fallacythe assumption that a problemor situation has only one possiblecause

Ex: If we don’t elect Jane classpresident, girls will have no say in running the school.

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analogy

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analogya comparison of two things to showhow they are alike; used to explainone concept by showing how it issimilar to another concept

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personification

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personification

a non-human thing is describedas if it were human or alive anddid something only living thingsdo

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metaphor

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metaphordirectly compares two very different things

Ex: The moon was a goldenGrapefruit high up in the sky.

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simile

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similecompares one thing to anotherusing like, as, than, resembles

Ex: The moon looked like a gleaming new penny.

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lyrics (poem)

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lyrics (poem)

poems that express feelings anddo not tell stories

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narrativepoem

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narrativepoem

a poem that tells a story

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ballad

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balladsong or a song like poem that tellsa story usually about lost love orbetrayal or death

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tall tale

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tall talean exaggerated, far fetched storythat betrayal or death is obviously not true

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exaggeration

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exaggeration

stretching the truth

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epic

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epiclong narrative poem written in formal or elegant language thattells about a series of eventsundertaken by a great hero

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ode

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odeoriginated in Ancient Greece;celebrate a particular poem or thing

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sonnet

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sonnetfourteen line poem

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lambic

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lambicverse in which the stressis on every other syllable,starting with the unstressedbeat

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elegy

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elegya poem of mourning

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free verse

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free versedoes not follow a regular rhyme,scheme, or pattern

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alliteration

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alliterationrepetition of consonant sounds

Ex: snow falling fast

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onomatopoeia

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onomatopoeia

the use of words whose soundsecho their meaning

Ex: the chains saw’s buzz

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imagery

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imagerylanguage that evokes sensationsof light, sound, smell, taste, andtouch

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figures of speech

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figures of speech

language that is based on comparisons and is not literally true (metaphors, similes, personification)

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rhythm

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rhythmthe rise and fall of the voice,produced by sounds

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speaker

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speakerthe person who tells the storyor talks to you in the poem

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unity

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unityall the story’s details support themain idea or topic

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logic

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logiccorrect reasoning

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idiom

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idiommeans something different fromthe literal meaning of each word

Ex: “Hold your tongue” meansdon’t speak in English

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epilogue

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epiloguea brief closing section to a pieceof literature

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consumer

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consumersomeone who buys somethingor uses what someone else buys

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warranty

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warrantyspells out exactly what happensif the product doesn’t work properly and what you are required to do to receive service

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contract

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contractspells out exactly what serviceswill and will not be provided

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productinformation

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tells what the product will do

productinformation

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+Poetry Terminology

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hypberole

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hypberole

Unbelievable exaggerations

EX: It’s so hot outside, you couldfry an egg on the sidewalk!

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stanza

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stanzaThis is a division of a poem consistingof a series of lines grouped togetherin units. It is the equivalent of aParagraph.

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couplet

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couplet

two end rhymes in a row

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rhythm

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rhythm

sound effects that are fast, slow, lightsolemn

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meter

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metera poem that has a regular patternof stressed or unstressed syllables

a repeated pattern used throughoutthe poem

EX: See elements of Poetry sheet.

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rhyme

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rhymeRepetition of the sound of a Stressed or unstressed syllable

Ex: court/sport; day/may

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end rhyme

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end rhyme

occur at the end of a poem’s lines

Ex. There once was a great sport Played down by the tennis court.

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internal rhyme

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internal rhyme

occur within the lines

Ex. The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew.

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slanted rhyme

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slanted rhyme

almost rhymes; sounds that arefamiliar but are not exactly the same

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eye rhyme

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eye rhyme

spelled similarly, but pronounceddifferently

Ex. tough/cough

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real rhyme

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real rhyme

end sounds are pronounced the same

Ex. tough/rough

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rhyme scheme

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rhyme schemeassign a new letter of the alphabetto each new end rhyme; assign the samealphabet letter to the end word that rhymeswith a previous end rhyme word

Ex. (a, a, b, b, a, a, b, b…) (a, b, c, a, b, c…)

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free verse

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free verse

regular pattern of stressed or unstressedsyllables; by having no rhymes, it soundslike ordinary speech

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alliteration

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alliteration

repetition of consonant soundsin words that are close together

Ex. “Peter Piper picked a peck ofpickled peppers.”

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limerick

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limerickhumorous, five line poem; rhymescheme with lines 1, 2, & 5 having the same # of syllables (8) and thesame end rhyme; and lines 3 & 4 having the same # of syllables (7) and thesame end rhyme: rhyme scheme a, a, b, b, a

Ex. Refer to Elements of Poetry sheet.

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assonance

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assonancealso called vowel rhyme; rhyme in which the same vowel sounds are used with different consonants in the stressed syllables of the rhyming words, as in penitent  and reticence.

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prose

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prose

anything that is NOT poetry

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compressedtext

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compressedtext

the use of figurative language thatenables the poet to tell an entirestory in just a few lines or stanzas