7013t - tp4s8 - r1 - ase - yd mti

Personal Task 4 – Advanced Software Engineering

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mail to : [email protected]

PERSONAL ASSIGNMENT 4

(7013T – TP4S8 - R1)

Due Date : 9th November 2014, 23:59:00

MATA KULIAH :

“ADVANCED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING” DOSEN : DR. IR. ABDUL AZIZ, M.SC.

OLEH :

YUDI FIRMAN SANTOSA

NIM. 1412406111

PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER TEKNIK INFORMATIKA

2014


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Personal Assignment 4

Session 8

Your name : YUDI FIRMAN SANTOSA

Answer all questions.

1. Please explain in detai the meaning of the business process layer!

Answer :

Business Process layer leverages the Service layer to quickly compose and choreograph

services and to coordinate business processes to fulfill customer requirements.

The Business Process layer performs three-dimensional process-level handling: top-down,

bottom-up, and horizontal. From the top-down direction, the layer provides facilities to

decompose a business process into service clusters (i.e., conceptual services) that fulfill

business functions. From the bottom-up direction, the layer provides facilities to compose

existing business processes, services, and service components into newbusiness processes.

From the horizontal direction, the layer provides services-oriented collaboration control

between business processes, services, and service components.

The Business Process layer handles all business logic regarding service composition and

decomposition. For service composition, this layer leverages the underlying Service layer to

quickly integrate and compose services and to coordinate business processes. For service

decomposition, this layer provides facilities to decompose business requirements into tasks

comprising conceptual service clusters, each being realized by existing business processes,

services, and service components. It should be noted that the Business Process layer does not

focus on individual business process representation, which can be

fulfilled by workflow description languages such as Business Process Execution Language

for Web Services (BPEL4WS). Rather, this layer focuses on enabling the collaborations

among business processes in an SOA solution. For example, the layer may take 10 existing

business processes and aggregate them into 3 big processes, while taking charge of the

collaboration

between them. This layer covers the process representation, composition methods, and

building blocks for aggregating loosely coupled services as a sequencing process aligned


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with business goals. Data flow and control flow are used to enable interactions between

services and business processes. The interaction may exist within an enterprise or across

multiple enterprises. This layer also includes information exchange flow between

participants (individual users and business entities), resources, and processes in a variety of

forms to achieve business goals.

Most of the exchanged information may also include nonstructured and non-transactional

messages. The business logic is used to form service flows as parallel tasks or sequential

tasks based on business rules, policies, and other business requirements.

From the data flow perspective, the business context and meta data are used to support the

aggregation of services within an enterprise for business process orchestration or across

multiple enterprises for business process choreography.

The lifecycle management for business process orchestration and choreography are also

covered in this layer. In addition to the run-time process engine (e.g., BPEL4WS engine),

this layer will cover all aspects of composition, collaboration, compliance, process library,

process service, and invocation elements. The details will be described in the architecture

building blocks section.

2. Please explain in detai the meaning of the organizational layer in the sociotechnical

systems stack!

Jawaban :

Sociotechnical systems sangat kompleks dan secara praktis sulit dipahami secara

keseluruhan. Sebaliknya kita harus melihatnya sebagai lapisan, seperti yang ditunjukkan

pada Gambar berikut :


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(Gambar 1. Lapisan pada sociotechnical system, Ian Somerville, 2011)

Lapisan ini membentuk sistem sociotechnical secara berjenjang :

1. Equipment

Merupakan lapisan peralatan yang tediri dari perangkat keras, misalnya komputer.

2. operating system

Lapisan ini berinteraksi dengan perangkat keras dan menyediakan sepertangkat fasilitas

untuk perangkat lunak yang lebih tinggi dalam sistem.

3. Communication and data management

Lapisan ini menyediakan antara muka dan memungkinkan interaksi dengan yang lain

melalui akses ke sistem remote, ke sistem database dll. Kadang pula disebut dengan

middleware, diantara sistem dan aplikasi.

4. Application System

Pada lapisan ini fungsi aplikasi yang spesifik

yang dibutuhkan. Mungkin terdapat program aplikasi yang berbeda dalam lapisan ini.

5. Business Processes


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Pada tingkat ini, proses bisnis organisasi, yang menggunakan sistem perangkat lunak,

didefinisikan dan diatur.

6. Organization

Lapisan ini mencakup proses strategis tingkat tinggi juga

sebagai aturan bisnis, kebijakan, dan norma-norma yang harus diikuti ketika

menggunakan sistem.

7. Society

Pada lapisan ini, peraturan masyarakat yang mengatur

pengoperasian sistem didefinisikan.

3. Please explain the differences between technical and a sociotechnical system?

Jawaban :

Technical Computer-based system :

System that include hardware and software but where the operators and operational

processes are not normally considered to be a part of the system. The system is not self-

aware.

Socio-technical system :

"System that include technical systems but also operational processes and people who use

and interact with the technical system. Socio-technical systems are governed by

organisational policies and rules.

Definisi singkat untuk sociotechnical system (STS) sulit untuk ditemukan yang paling tepat

dalam literatur. Majchzrak dan Borys mencatat bahwa konsep ini berdasar pada teori sistem

terbuka, namun dalam suatu waktu juga 'sebuah filosofi dan metodologi, paradigma yang

terdiri dari skema konseptual, disain proses, serangkaian nilai tentang kerja, kondisi

kontekstual, dan tradisi sejarah berdasar psikologi, sosiologi dan penelitian tempat kerja".

Griffit dan Dougherty, dalam diskusinya tentang peran sistem ini pada management

teknologi dan engineering, mendifinisikan perspektif STS sebagai " organisasi yang


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dibangun oleh manusia (sistem sosial) menggunakan alat, teknik dan pengetahuan (technical

sistems) untuk menghasilkan barang atau layanan yang bernilai untuk customers (yang

menjadi bagian dari lingkungan eksternal organisasi)".

Definisi yang lebih linear dengan ranah ICT adalah yang diungkapkan oleh Baxter dan

Sommerville. STS adalah "sistem yang berisi interaksi kompleks antara manusia, mesin dan

aspek lingkungan dari sistem yang berjalan".

4. Please explain in detail the meaning of emergent properties!

Emergent properties are a consequence of the relationships between system computers.

Non-functional requirements often constrain the system being developed and the

evelopment process being used. These might be product requirements, organizational

requirements, or external requirements. They often relate to the emergent properties of the

system and therefore apply to the system as a whole.

Once a system has been completely integrated, it is possible to test for emergent properties,

such as performance and reliability. Performance tests have to be designed to ensure that the

system can process its intended load. This usually involves running a series of tests where

you increase the load until the system performance becomes unacceptable.

5. Please explain in detail with three influences on the reliability of a system?

1. Hardware reliability

What is the probability of a harware component failing and how long does it take to

repair that component ?

2. Software reliability

How likely is it that a software component will produce an incorrect output. Software

failure is usially distinct from hardware failure in that software does not wear out.

3. Operator reliability


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How likely is it that the operator of a system will make an error ?

6. Why need consideration a sociotechnical system to development software?

Because Socio-technical systems are organisational systems intended to help deliver some

organisational or business goal.

Artinya dalam membangun aplikasi diperlukan pertimbangan yang komprehensif agar

tujuan aplikasi dapat sejalan dengan bisnis.

TERIMA KASIH


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References

Abdul Aziz, Ir. MSc., PhD, SISTEM SOCIOTECHNICAL, Lecture Notes, BINUS University

Online

Ian Sommerville, 2011, Software Engineering, Ninth Edition, Pearson Education, Inc.,

publishing as Addison-Wesley.

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