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Handbook of ChemicalProcessing Equipment

Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Ph.D.

' & T T E R W O R T HE I N E M A N N

Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg M elbourne New Delhi

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Copyright 0 000 by Butterworth-Heinemann

- amem ber of the Reed E lsevier groupAll rights reserved.N o part of this pub licati on may b e reprod uce d, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form or by any means, ele ctro nic, mechanical, ph otocopying,record ing, or o therw ise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.@ Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written,Butterworth-Heinemann prints its books on acid-free paper w henever possible.

Butterworth-Heinemann suppo rts the efforts of American Forests and theGlobal ReLeaf program in its campaign for the betterment of trees, forests, andour environment.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataCherem isinoff, Nicholas P.

Handbook of chemical processing equipment / Nicholas Cheremisinoff.Include s bibliographical referen ces and index.ISB N 0-7506-7126-2 (alk. paper)

p. cm .

1. Che mic al plants--Equipment and supp lies. I. Title.TP155 .5 .C52 2000660'.283--dc2 1 00-037955

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataA catalog ue record for this book is availab le from the British Libra ry.T he publisher offers special disc ounts on bulk orders of this book .For information, ple ase contact:Manager of Special SalesButterworth-Heinemann225 Wildwood AvenueWoburn , M A 0 I80 1-2041Tel: 781-904-2500Fax: 78 1-904-2620Fo r information o n all Butterworth-Heinemann publications a vaila ble, contactour W orld W ide W eb hom e page at: http://www.newnespress.com1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Printed in the United S tates of A merica

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ABOUT THE AUTHORNich olas P. Cheremisinoff is a consultant to a number of organiza tions and privatecom panies. Among his clients are the World B ank Org anization , the InternationalFinance Corporation, the United States Agency for International Development,Chemonics International, Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Inc., and several private sectorclients. He has extens ive business deve lopm ent, project financing, a nd engineeringexperience working in countries that were former Soviet Union republics, and hasassisted in privatization and retooling industry with em pha sis on environmentallysound practices. Although a chemical eng ineer by professio n, his engineering andconsulting experiences have spanned several industry sectors, including auto-motive m anufacturing, m ining, gas processin g, plastics, and petroleum refining. Heis a recognized authority on pollution prevention practices, and has led programsdea ling with pollution prevention auditing, training in enviro nm enta l managem entpractices, developmen t of environmental ma nage me nt plans, as well as technologyand feasibility s tudie s for environmental pro ject financing through internationallending institutions. He has contributed extensively to the industrial press, havingauthored, co-authored, or edited m ore than 100 technical book s. Dr . Cheremisinoffreceived his B.S., M.S., and P h.D. degrees from Clarkson College of Technology.

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