7.1_decentralized operation and control_rojas_epri/snl microgrid symposium
TRANSCRIPT
Decentralized Operation and Control
Operational & Business Requirement Analysis for Optimum Control Architecture
Alex RojasDirector of Distributed Technologies
Aug - 2016
OVERVIEW
• Microgrid – A Utility’s Perspective
• Stakeholder Requirement Analysis for Optimum Architecture Design
• Stakeholder Business Requirements
• Sample Business Requirement: Energy Policy Targets
• Operational Requirements
• Sample Requirements: Frequency and Voltage Allowable Limits
• Control Technology to Address Requirements
• Sample Architecture
2
MICROGRID – A FORM OF DER AGGREGATIONRepresentative distribution feeder at Medium Voltage: 12.5, 34.5, 69 kV
3
A well accepted definition:
• A group of interconnected loads and distributed energy generation within clearly defined electrical boundaries
• Acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the utility’s electrical grid
• Has a specific set of stakeholder requirements to meet operational and business requirements
From a utility’s perspective:
• DERs become microgrids when aggregated at a particular location
• Well positioned to manage the decentralized operation of DERs
Switch
Solar PV
Energy Storage
Natural GasElectric Generator
M
Residential Loads
M = Meter at Feeder
BiomassWind
Commercial & Industrial Loads
4
Stakeholder Requirement Analysis for Optimum Architecture Design
Key Stakeholders May Include:
• Consumer
• Site energy managers
• Technology vendors
• Project financiers
• Electricity and Natural gas supplier
• Public utility commission
• Owners/operators of neighboring facilities
BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS
5
Market Segment Typical Consumer Requirements
University, Colleges, Research Facilities Green branding, educational tool
Military Installation Energy security, reliability, availability, energy policy targets
City, Community Emergency services (shelter), energy policy targets
Public Institution Energy policy targets, renewable integration
Commercial Renewable integration, green branding, energy policy targets
SampleEnergy PolicyTargets
SYSTEM STABILITY
Source: Bj.J. Kirby, J. Dyer, C. Marinez, Rahmat A. Shoureshi, R. Guttromson, J. Dagle ”Frequency Control Concerns in the North American Electric Power System” Oak Ridge Nat. Lab draft Report; December 2002
NARROW SYSTEM FREQUENCY EXCURSION LIMITS
Illustration Source: PCS Utilidata
NARROW SERVICE VOLTAGE ALLOWANCE
10
Control Level
Temporal Requirement
Typical Functions ControlComponents
Tertiary Minutes • Forecasting• Advanced Optimization• Modeling
Software
Secondary Seconds • SCADA• Load Control • Generation Control
Hardware/Software
Primary Micro- to Milli- Seconds
• Switching Logic• Protection
• DER Inverter Controllers• Gas Engine Governor• Protection Relays
SMART COMPUTING SYSTEMS FOR INTEGRATING DER
ADVANCED MICROGRID CONTROL ARCHITECTURE
Illustration Source: Alex Rojas’ Public Presentation at the Microgrid Global Summit (March-2015)
BACK UP SLIDES
12
13
Alex Rojas - Director of Distributed Technologies, Ameren
For over 20 years, Mr. Rojas has developed and later transferred technology to electrical utilities and large industries in the United States. Within the capital expenditure and regulatory constraints of his customers, he has lead and contributed in the fields of Smart Grid monitoring and control systems, renewable integration, energy storage integration, and predictive maintenance technologies. In his new role within the Corporate Planning function, Alex is developing the organizational vision for technologies, systems, and capabilities that are necessary to guarantee a successful and sustainable business. He has held leadership roles in challenging engineering positions at global technology groups, including Siemens, General Electric, and ABB. Mr. Rojas holds degrees in Electrical Engineering from Ohio State University and Michigan State University and an MBA degree from Southern Methodist University.
14
Definition Process May Include:
UTILITY DOMAIN
DER INTEGRATION
Sample considerations:
Financial – Predefined threshold for return on investment
Technical – Temporal performance requirements for energy management operations (e.g. switching, load dispatch, generation dispatch, etc)
Regulatory – Already stablished $/ kWhr rates; franchise rights
DER INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGIES
• Advanced Energy Controllers: Smart computing systems for integrating DERs. At all three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary.
• High-Speed Communication Networks: Monitoring and Control signal transmission for fast reaction to change of resource state
• Switching and Protection Equipment: Circuit breakers, protection relays, static switches, and similar. For example, to transition safely from grid connected to islanded mode
15
DER INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGIES - cont.
16
• Advanced Power Electronics: Smart inverters and other power electronic DER interfaces
• Distributed Energy Resource Analytics: Software for electricity and heat demand and supply forecasting; load and power flow analysis
• Building Energy Management Systems: Controllers of building energy systems (AC, Heating, energy efficiency, etc)