73891904-bai-001-vxl-pic-cautruc

8/3/2019 73891904-BAI-001-VXL-PIC-CAUTRUC

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BI 1

TNG QUAN V VI IU KHIN PIC MT S C TNH CHUNG CA VI IU KHIN PIC

CC C TNH NGOI VI CC C TNH V T NG T CC C TNH C BIT CA VI IU KHIN CNG NGH CMOS

VI IU KHIN PIC 16F877A CU HNH PIC16F877A S KHI BN TRONG PIC16F877A S CHN V CHC NNG CC CHN PIC16F877A


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ai hoc s pham ky thuat tp HCM Khoa ien ien t Nguyen nh Phu

Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

TNG QUAN V VI IU KHIN PIC PIC l mt h vi iu khin RISC c sn xut bi cng ty Microchip Technology. Th h PIC u

in l PIC1650 c pht trin bi Microelectronics Division thuc General Instrument.PIC l vit tt ca "Programmable Intelligent Computer" l mt sn phm ca hng Genera

nstruments t cho dng sn phm u tinl PIC1650. Thi im PIC1650 c dng giao tip vic thit b ngoi vi cho my ch 16 bit CP1600, v vy, ng i ta cng gi PIC vi ci tn "Peripheralnterface Controller" b iu khin giao tip ngoi vi.

CP1600 l mt CPU mnh nh ng li yu v cc hot ng xut nhp v vy PIC 8- bit c pht trinvo nm 1975 h tr cho hot ng xut nhp ca CP1600.

ROM cha m, mc d khi nim RISC ch a c s dng thi by gi, nh ng PIC thc s l mtvi iu khin vi kin trc RISC, chy mt lnh vi mt chu k my gm 4 chu k ca b dao ng.

Nm 1985 General Instruments bn cng ngh cc vi in t ca h, v ch s hu mi hy b hht cc d n- lc qu li thi. Tuy nhin PIC c b sung EEPROM to thnh 1 b iu khinvo ra lp trnh.

Ngy nay rt nhiu dng PIC c xut x ng vi hng lot cc module ngoi vi tch hp sn (nhUSART, PWM, ADC...), vi b nh ch ng trnh t 512 Word n 32K Word. I. MT S C TNHCHUNG CA VI IU KHIN PIC

Hin nay c kh nhiu dng PIC v c rt nhiu khc bit v phn cng, nh ng chng ta c th iqua mt vi nt nh sau: L CPU 8/16 bit, xy dng theo kin trc Harvard. C b nh Flash v ROM c th tu chn t 256 byte n 256 Kbyte. C cc cng xut nhp (I/O ports). C timer 8/16 bit. C cc chun giao tip ni tip ng b/khng ng b USART. C cc b chuyn i ADC 10/12 bit. C cc b so snh in p (Voltage Comparators).

C cckhiCapture/Compare/PWM. C h tr giao tip LCD. CMSSP Peripheral dng cho cc giao tip IC, SPI, v IS. C b nh ni EEPROM- c th ghi/xo ln ti 1 triu ln. C khi iu khin ng c, c encoder. C h tr giao tip USB. C h tr iu khinEthernet. C h tr giao tip CAN.

c im thc thi tc cao CPU RISC ca h vi iu khin PIC16F87XA l:

Ch gm 35 lnh n. Thi gian thc hin tt c cc lnh l 1 chu kmy,ngoi tr lnh gi ch ng trnh con l 2. Tc hot ng:

* DC- 20MHz ng vo xung clock.* DC-200ns chu k lnh.

Dung l ng ca b nh ch ng trnh Flash l 8K14words. Dung l ng ca b nh d liu RAM l 3688bytes. Dung l ng ca b nh d liu EEPROM l 2568 bytes.

1. CC C TNH NGO I VI

Timer0: l b nh thi timer/counter 8 bit c b chia tr c.


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Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC 3

Timer1: l b nh thi timer/counter 16 bit c b chia tr c, c th m khi CPUtrong ch ng vi ngun xung t t thch anh hoc ngun xung bn ngoi.

Timer2: b nh thi timer/counter 8 bit vi thanh ghi 8- bit, chia tr c v b chia sau. Hai khi Capture, Compare, PWM.

Capture c rng 16- bit, phn gii 12.5ns Compare c rng 16- bit, phn gii 200ns phn gii ln nht ca PWM l 10-bit.

2. CC C TNH TNG T

C 8 knh chuyn i tn hiu t ng t thnh tn hiu s ADC 10-bit. C reset BOR (Brown Out Reset). Khi so snh in p t ng t:

Hai b so snh t ng t. Khi to in p chun VREF tch hp bn trong c th lp trnh. a hp ng vo lp trnh t ng vo ca CPU vi in p chun bn trong. Cc ng ra ca b so snh c th truy xut t bn ngoi.

3. CC C TNH C BI T CA VI IU KHI N

B nh ch ng trnh Enhanced Flash cho php xa v ghi 100,000 ln. B nh d liu EEPROM cho php xa v ghi 1,000,000 ln. B nh EEPROM c th l u gi d liu hn 40 nm v c th t lp trnh li. Mch lp trnh ni tip ISP thng qua 2 chn (In-Circuit Serial Programming). Ngun s dng l ngun n 5V cp cho mch lp trnh ni tip. CWatchdog Timer (WDT) vi b dao ng RC tch hp trn Chip. C th lp trnh m bo mt. C th hot ng ch ng tit kim nng l ng. C th la chn b dao ng. C mch in g ri ICD (In-Circuit Debug).

4. CNG NGH CMOS:

C cc c tnh: cng sut thp, cng ngh b nh Flash/EEPROM tc cao. in p h2V n 5,5V v tiu tn nng l ng thp. Ph hp vi nhit lm vic trong cng nghip v th

Bng 1-1 trnh by tm tt cu trc ca 4 loi PIC16F87X.

Hnh 1-1 trnh bys chn ca cc loi PIC16F87XA.


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Hnh 1-1: S chn h PIC16F87XA.

II. VI IU KHIN PIC 16F877A

1. CU HNHPIC16F877A:PIC16F877A c 40/44 chn vi cu trc nh sau:

C 5 port xut/ nhp. C 8 knh chuyn i A/D. C portgiao tipsong song. C b nh gp i so vi PIC16F873A/PIC16F874A.

Bng 1-2 s tm tt c im PIC16F877A:

c im PIC16F877A

Tn s hot ng DC- 20MHzReset (v Delay) POR, BOR (PWRT, OST)B nh ch ng trnh Flash (14-bit word) 8KB nh d liu(byte) 368B nh d liu EEPROM (byte) 256Cc ngun ngt 15Cc port xut nhp Cc port A, B, C, D, ETimer 3Cc module capture/compare/PWM 2Giao tip ni tip MSSP, USARTGiao tip song song PSPModule A/D 10bit 8 knh ng voB so snh t ng t 2Tp lnh 35 lnh

S chn 40 chn PDIP44 chn PLCC44 chn TQFP44 chn QFN

Cu hnh c minh ha nh hnh sau:


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Hnh 1-2: Cu hnh PIC16. 2. S KHI BN TRONG PIC16F877A:

Hnh 1-3trnh by s khi ca PIC16F877A, gm cc khi: Khi ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit.

Khi bnh cha ch ng trnh Flash Program Memory. Khi bnh cha d liu EEPROM Data EPROM. Khi bnh file thanh ghi RAM RAM file Register. Khi gii m lnh v iu khin Instruction Decode Control. Khi thanh ghi c bit. Khi bnh ngn xp. Khi reset mch khi c in, khi nh th i reset mch khi c in, khi nh th i n nh

dao ng khi c in, khi nh th i gim st, khi reset khi st gim ngun, khi g ri,khi lp trnh bnh in p thp.

Khi ngoi vi timer T0, T1,T2. Khi giao tip ni tip.

Khi chuyn i tn hiu t ng t sang s ADC. Khi so snh in p t ng t. Khi to in p tham chiu. Khi cc port xut nhp.

3. S CHN V CHC NNG CC CHN PIC16F877A: S chn ca PIC gm nhiu loi nh ng y kho st loi PIC 40 chn nh hnh 1-4.Chc nng ca cc chn nh sau:


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Hnh 1-3: S khi PIC16F87XA. Chn /VPP (1): c 2 chc nng:

: l ng vo reset tch cc mc thp. VPP: ng vo nhn in p khi ghi d liu vo b nh ni flash.

Chn RA0/AN0 (2): c 2 chc nng: RA0: xut/ nhp s. AN0: ng vo t ng t ca knh th 0.

Chn RA1/AN1(3): RA1: xut/nhp s. AN1: ng vo t ng t ca knh th 1.

Chn RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF (4): RA2: xut/nhp s.

MCLR

MCLR


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AN2: ng vo t ng t ca knh th 2. VREF-: ng vo in p chun (thp) ca b ADC. CVREF: in p tham chiu VREF ng ra b so snh

Hnh 1-4: S chn. Chn RA3/AN3/VREF+ (5):

RA3: xut/nhp s. AN3: ng vo t ng t knh th 3. VREF+: ng vo in p chun (cao) ca b A/D.

Chn RA4/TOCKI/C1OUT (6): RA4: xut/nhp s m khi c cu to l ng ra. TOCKI: ng vo xung clock t bn ngoi cho Timer0.

C1OUT: ng ra b so snh 1. Chn RA5/AN4/ SS /C2OUT (7): RA5: xut/nhp s. AN4: ng vo t ng t knh th 4. SS : ng vo chn la SPI ph. C2OUT: ng ra b so snh 2.

Chn RE0/ RD /AN5 (8): RE0: xut/nhp s. RD : iu khin c port song song. AN5: ng vo t ng t 5.

Chn RE1/ WR /AN6 (9): RE1: xut/nhp s. WR : iu khin ghi port song song. AN6: ng vo t ng t knh th 6.

Chn RE2/ CS /AN7 (10): RE2: xut/nhp s. CS : Chip chn la iu khin port song song. AN7: ng vot ng t knh th 7.


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Chn OSC1/CLKI (13): l ng vo kt ni vi dao ng thch anh hoc ng vo nhn xung clobn ngoi.

OSC1: ng vo dao ng thch anh hoc ng vo ngun xung bn ngoi. Ng vo c mcSchmitt Trigger nu s dng dao ng RC.

CLKI:ng vo ngun xung bn ngoi. Chn OSC2/CLKO (14): ng ra dao ng thch anh hoc ng ra cp xung clock.

OSC2: ng ra dao ng thch anh. Kt ni n thch anh hoc b cng h ng. CLKO: ch RC, ng ra ca OSC2, bng tn s ca OSC1 v chnh l tc ca ch

k lnh. Chn RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI (15): RC0: xut/nhp s. T1OSO: ng ra ca b dao ng Timer1. T1CKI: ng vo xung clock t bn ngoi Timer1.

Chn RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 (16): RC1: xut/nhp s. T1OSI: ng vo ca b dao ng Timer1. CCP2: ng vo Capture2, ng ra compare2, ng ra PWM2.

Chn RC2/CCP1 (17): RC2: xut/nhp s CCP1: ng vo Capture1, ng ra compare1, ng ra PWM1

Chn RC3/SCK/SCL (18): RC3: xut/nhp s. SCK: ng vo xung clock ni tip ng b/ng ra ca ch SPI. SCL: ng vo xungclock ni tip ng b/ng ra ca ch I2C.

Chn RD0/PSP0 (19): RD0: xut/nhp s.

PSP0: d liu port song song. Chn RD1/PSP1 (20): RD1: xut/nhp s. PSP1: d liu port song song.

Cc chn RD2/PSP2 (21), RD3/PSP3 (22), RD4/PSP4 (27), RD5/PSP5 (28), RD6/PSP6 (29)RD7/PSP7 (30) t ng t chn 19, 20.

Chn RB0/INT (33): RB0: xut/nhp s. INT: ng vo nhn tn hiu ngt ngoi.

Chn RB1 (34): xut/nhp s. Chn RB2 (35): xut/nhp s. Chn RB3/PGM:

RB3: xut/nhp s. PGM: Chn cho php lp trnh in p thp ICSP.

Chn RB4 (37), RB5 (38): xut/nhp s. Chn RB6/PGC (39):

RB6: xut/nhp s. PGC: mch g ri v xung clock lp trnh ICSP.

Chn RB7/PGD (40): RB7: xut/nhp s.


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PGD: mch g ri v d liu lp trnh ICSP. Chn RC4/SDI/SDA (23):

RC4: xut/nhp s. SDI: d liu vo SPI. SDA: xut/nhp d liu I2C.

Chn RC5/SDO (24): RC5: xut/nhp s. SDO: d liu ra SPI.

Chn RC6/TX/CK (25): RC6: xut/nhp s. TX: truyn bt ng b USART. CK: xung ng b USART.

Chn RC7/RX/DT (26): RC7: xut/nhp s. RX: nhn bt ng USART. DT: d liu ng b USART.

Chn VDD (11,32) v VSS (12, 31): l cc chn ngun ca PIC. d tip cn chc nng cc chn th ta phn loi theo chc nng chung:

Khi tt c cc chn l port xut nhp (I/O): c tng cng 5 port, 33 ng IO: xem hnh 1-5.


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0 Bai giang: Cau truc vk PIC

RD0

RD1

P ORT D

8 B

I T

RD2

RD3

RD4

RD5

RD6

RD7

RA0

RA1

RA2

RA3

RA5

RE0

RE1

RE2

RA4

RB0

RB1P

ORT B

8 B I T

RB2

RB3

RB4

RB5

RB6

RB7

P O R

T A

6 B I T

P O R T E

3 B I T

RC0

RC1

P O R T C

8 B I T

RC2

RC3

RC4

RC5

RC6

RC7

Hnh 1-5: PIC v i cc chn c ch c nng l IO.

Cc chc nng ngoi vi: xem hnh 1-6.


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TRUYN D LIU I2C

U S A R T

SCL

SDA

SCK

SDI

SDOTRUYN D LIU SPI

SS

TRUYN D UART

RX

TX

DT

CKTRUYN D SART

AN0

AN1

BCHUYNI ADC10 BIT -A HP8KNH

AN2/VREF-

AN3/VREF+

AN4

AN5

AN6

AN7

GIAOTIP VIPORTSONGSONG

PSP0

PSP1

PSP2

PSP3

PSP4

PSP5

PSP6

PSP7

RD

WR

CS

CCP1CAPTURECOMPAREPWM - CCP CCP2

COUNTER T0CKI

T1CKI

T1OSO TO DAO NGCHO T1T1OSI

Hnh 1-6: PIC v i cc chn c ch c nng l ngoi vi.

Cc chc nngso snh, ngun cung cp, daong, np v g ri: xem hnh 1-7.

NI GNDVSS

VSS

VPP

PGD

PGC

GIAO TIPMCH NPCHNG TRNHV G RI

PGM

INT INTERRUPT

VDDNI NGUNDNG VDD

NI THCHANH TO DAONG

OSC1

OSC2

NG RA CP XUNGCK CHO CC THITB KHC

CLKO

CLKI NHN CLC T MCH DAO NGBN NGOI

C1OUT

IN P SOSNHNG RA MCHSO SNH 1 V 2 C2OUT

CV REF

Hnh 1-7: PIC v i cc chn c ch c nng l ngoi vi.

IV. TI LIU THAM KHO


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73891904-bai-001-vxl-pic-cautruc

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