782 foreign commerce and aid - census.gov · import and export data is the bureau of the census....

CanadaMexicoJapan

United KingdomSouth Korea

GermanyTaiwan

NetherlandsSingapore

FranceBrazil

–200

–175

–150

–125

–100

–75

–50

–25

0

25

50

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175

CanadaJapan

MexicoChina

GermanyUnited Kingdom

TaiwanSouth Korea

FranceSingapore

Italy

Figure 28.1U.S. International Transaction Balances: 1960 to 1997

Source: Chart prepared by U.S. Bureau of the Census. For data, see Table 1302.

Billions of dollars

Balance on goods and services, and income

Balance on current account

Merchandise trade balance

Source: Chart prepared by U.S. Bureau of the Census. For data, see Table 1323.

782 Foreign Commerce and Aid

Figure 28.2Top Purchasers of U.S. Exports and Suppliersof U.S. General Imports: 1997Total U.S. Exports $689 billion

Total U.S. General Imports $871 billion

Billions of dollars

U.S. Census Bureau, the Official StatisticsTM Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1998 Sep. 25, 1998


Section 28

Foreign Commerce and AidThis section presents data on the flow of goods, services, and capital betweenthe United States and other countries;changes in official reserve assets of theUnited States; international investments;foreign assistance programs; and import duties.

The Bureau of Economic Analysis publishes current figures on U.S. interna-tional transactions and the U.S. interna-tional investment position in its monthlySurvey of Current Business. Statistics forthe foreign aid programs are presentedby the Agency for International Develop-ment (AID) in its annual U.S. OverseasLoans and Grants and Assistance fromInternational Organizations; and by theDepartment of Agriculture in its ForeignAgricultural Trade of the United States.

The principal source of merchandise import and export data is the Bureau ofthe Census. Current data are presentedmonthly in U.S. Merchandise Trade, (be-ginning 1994, retitled U.S. InternationalTrade in Goods and Services) report Series FT900, and U.S. MerchandiseTrade: Exports, General Imports, and Imports for Consumption, report SeriesFT925 (discontinued after 1996). TheBureau of the Census Catalog and theGuide to Foreign Trade Statistics lists theBureau’s monthly and annual reports inthis field. In addition, the InternationalTrade Administration and the Bureau ofEconomic Analysis present summary aswell as selected commodity and countrydata for U.S. foreign trade in the U.S. Industry and Trade Outlook (formerlyU.S. Industrial Outlook), the Survey ofCurrent Business, and U.S. ForeignTrade Highlights, respectively. The mer-chandise trade data in the latter sourceinclude balance of payments adjust-ments to the census data. The TreasuryDepartment’s Monthly Treasury State-ment of Receipts and Outlays of theUnited States Government contains in-formation on import duties.

International accounts— The interna-tional transactions tables (Nos. 1302 to1304) show, for given time periods, thetransfer of goods, services, grants, andfinancial assets and liabilities betweenthe United States and the rest of the

In BriefThe U.S. current account andmerchandise trade deficits bothincreased to record levels in 1997 at$155 and $191 billion, respectively.The balance on service transactionsin 1997 showed a record surplus of$88 billion.The U.S. direct investment positionabroad increased almost 11 percentto $860 billion in 1997 over theprevious year. The foreign directinvestment position in the UnitedStates was up 15 percent to $682billion.The U.S. merchandise trade deficitwith Japan increased to $56 billion in1997 after declining the previous 2years. The next largest deficits toJapan were with China andGermany at $50 billion and $19billion, respectively.

world. The major revisions to this serieswere incorporated this year due to thefirst benchmark survey of the stock ofU.S. portfolio investment abroad in over50 years. The international investment position table (No. 1305) presents, forspecific dates, the value of U.S. invest-ments abroad and of foreign investmentsin the United States. The movement offoreign and U.S. capital as presented inthe balance of payments is not the onlyfactor affecting the total value of foreigninvestments. Among the other factors arechanges in the valuation of assets or liabilities, including changes in prices ofsecurities, defaults, expropriations, andwrite-offs.

Direct investment abroad means theownership or control, directly or indirectly,by one person of 10 percent or more ofthe voting securities of an incorporatedbusiness enterprise or an equivalent in-terest in an unincorporated business en-terprise. Direct investment position is thevalue of U.S. parents’ claims on the equi-ty of, and receivables due from, foreignaffiliates, less foreign affiliates’ receiv-ables due from their U.S. parents.

Foreign Commerce and Aid784


Income consists of parents’ shares in theearnings of their affiliates plus net inter-est received by parents on intercompanyaccounts, less withholding taxes on divi-dends and interest.

Foreign aid— Foreign assistance is di-vided into three major categories—grants(military supplies and services and othergrants), credits, and other assistance(through net accumulation of foreign cur-rency claims from the sale of agriculturalcommodities). Grants are transfers forwhich no payment is expected (otherthan a limited percentage of the foreigncurrency “counterpart” funds generatedby the grant), or which at most involve anobligation on the part of the receiver toextend aid to the United States or othercountries to achieve a common objec-tive. Credits are loan disbursements ortransfers under other agreements whichgive rise to specific obligations to repay,over a period of years, usually with inter-est. All known returns to the U.S. Gov-ernment stemming from grants and cred-its (reverse grants, returns of grants, andpayments of principal) are taken into ac-count in net grants and net credits, butno allowance is made for interest or com-missions. Other assistance representsthe transfer of U.S. farm products in exchange for foreign currencies (plus,since enactment of Public Law 87-128,currency claims from principal and inter-est collected on credits extended underthe farm products program), less thegovernment’s disbursements of the cur-rencies as grants, credits, or for pur-chases. The net acquisition of currenciesrepresents net transfers of resources toforeign countries under the agriculturalprograms, in addition to those classifiedas grants or credits.

The basic instrument for extending military aid to friendly nations has beenthe Mutual Defense Assistance Programauthorized by the Congress in 1949.Prior to 1952, economic and technicalaid was authorized in the Foreign Assis-tance Act of 1948, the 1950 Act for In-ternational Development, and other legis-lation which set up programs for specificcountries. In 1952, these economic,technical, and military aid programs were combined under the Mutual Securi-ty Act, which in turn was followed by theForeign Assistance Act passed in 1961.

Appropriations to provide military assistance were also made in the De-partment of Defense Appropriation Act(rather than the Foreign Assistance Ap-propriation Act) beginning in 1966 forcertain countries in Southeast Asia andin other legislation concerning programfor specific countries (such as Israel).Figures on activity under the Foreign As-sistance Act as reported in the ForeignGrants and Credits series differ from datapublished by AID or its immediate prede-cessors, due largely to differences in re-porting, timing, and treatment of particu-lar items.

Exports— The Bureau of the Censuscompiles export data primarily from Ship-per’s Export Declarations required to befiled with customs officials for shipmentsleaving the United States. They includeU.S. exports under mutual security pro-grams and exclude shipments to U.S.Armed Forces for their own use.

The value reported in the export statisticsis generally equivalent to a free along-side ship (f.a.s.) value at the U.S. port of export, based on the transaction price,including inland freight, insurance, andother charges incurred in placing themerchandise alongside the carrier at theU.S. port of exportation. This value, asdefined, excludes the cost of loadingmerchandise aboard the exporting carri-er and also excludes freight, insurance,and any other charges or transportationand other costs beyond the U.S. port ofexportation. The country of destination isdefined as the country of ultimate des-tination or country where the merchan-dise is to be consumed, further pro-cessed, or manufactured, as known tothe shipper at the time of exportation.When ultimate destination is not known,the shipment is statistically credited tothe last country to which the shipperknows the merchandise will be shippedin the same form as exported.

For certain “low-valued” shipments, theexport statistics include estimates basedupon selected samples of such ship-ments. The dollar value of the “low-valued” shipments has varied. Forinstance, effective January 1987 throughSeptember 1989, data are estimated forshipments valued under $1,501; fromOctober 1989 through December 1989,

Foreign Commerce and Aid 785


data are estimated for shipments valuedunder $2,501 to all countries.

Effective January 1990, the UnitedStates began substituting Canadian import statistics for U.S. exports to Cana-da. As a result of the data exchange be-tween the United States and Canada,the United States has adopted the Cana-dian import exemption level for its exportstatistics based on shipments to Canada.

Data are estimated for shipments valuedunder $2,501 to all countries, exceptCanada, using factors based on the ra-tios of low-valued shipments to individualcountry totals. These shipments repre-sent slightly less than 2.5 percent of themonthly value of U.S. exports to thosecountries. Data are estimated for ship-ments reported on Canadian import documents which total less than $900(Canadian). Such shipments represent 2 percent of the monthly value of U.S. exports to Canada.

Prior to 1989, exports were based on Schedule B, Statistical Classificationof Domestic and Foreign CommoditiesExported from the United States. Thesestatistics were retabulated and publishedusing Schedule E, Standard InternationalTrade Classification, Revision 2. Begin-ning in 1989, Schedule B classificationswere based on the Harmonized Systemand made to coincide with the StandardInternational Trade Classification, Revi-sion 3. This revision will affect the com-parability of most export series beginningwith the 1989 data for commodities.

Imports— The Bureau of the Censuscompiles import data from various cus-toms forms required to be filed with cus-toms officials. Data on import values arepresented on two bases in this section:the c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight)and the customs import value (as ap-praised by the U.S. Customs Service inaccordance with legal requirements ofthe Tariff Act of 1930, as amended). Thislatter valuation, primarily used for collec-tion of import duties, frequently does notreflect the actual transaction value.Country of origin is defined as countrywhere the merchandise was grown,mined, or manufactured. If country oforigin is unknown, country of shipment isreported.

Imports are classified either as “Generalimports” or “Imports for consumption.”

General imports are a combination of entries for immediate consumption, entriesinto customs bonded warehouses, and en-tries into U.S. Foreign Trade Zones, thusgenerally reflecting total arrivals of mer-chandise. Imports for consumption are a combination of entries for immediateconsumption, withdrawals from ware-houses for consumption, and entries ofmerchandise into U.S. customs territoryfrom U.S. Foreign Trade Zones, thus gen-erally reflecting the total of the commoditiesentered into U.S. consumption channels.

Since July 1953, the import statistics in-clude estimates, not classified by com-modity, for certain low-valued shipments.For instance, from January 1985 throughSeptember 1989, import statistics includeestimates for shipments valued under$1,001. Effective October 1989, importstatistics are fully compiled on shipmentsvalued over $1,250 or, under certain tex-tile programs, for any article which mustbe reported on a formal entry. Value datafor shipments valued under $1,251 andnot required to be reported on formal en-tries are estimated for individual coun-tries using factors based on the ratios oflow-valued shipments to individual coun-try totals for past periods. The estimatedlow-valued shipments generally amountto slightly less than 4 percent of the im-port total.

Prior to 1989, imports were based on theTariff Schedule of the United States Anno-tated. The statistics were retabulated andpublished using Schedule A, Standard In-ternational Trade Classification, Revision 2.Beginning in 1989, the statistics are basedon the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of theUnited States, which coincides with theStandard International Trade Classification,Revision 3. This revision will affect thecomparability of most import commodityseries beginning with the 1989 data.

Area coverage— Except as noted, thegeographic area covered by the exportand import trade statistics is the UnitedStates Customs area (includes the 50states, the District of Columbia and Puer-to Rico), the U.S. Virgin Islands (effective January 1981), and U.S. For-eign Trade Zones (effective July 1982).Data for selected tables and total valuesfor 1980, have been revised to reflect theU.S. Virgin Islands’ trade with foreigncountries, where possible.

No. 1302. U.S. International Transactions, by Type of Transaction: 1980 to 1997

[In millions of dollars. Minus sign (-) indicates debits]

TYPE OF TRANSACTION 1980 1985 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Exports of goods and services 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344,440 382,749 643,012 700,552 722,653 742,337 769,919 861,574 999,491 1,063,971 1,179,380

Merchandise, excl. military 2 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,250 215,915 362,120 389,307 416,913 440,352 456,832 502,398 575,845 611,983 679,325Foods, feeds, and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,278 24,566 37,475 35,172 35,829 40,336 40,692 41,957 50,475 55,533 51,507Industrial supplies and materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,088 61,159 99,826 105,503 109,826 109,592 111,870 121,547 146,372 147,980 158,274Capital goods, except automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,283 79,322 138,908 152,543 166,453 176,070 182,096 205,248 233,778 253,143 295,288Automotive vehicles and parts 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,443 24,945 34,888 36,465 40,008 47,027 52,534 57,776 61,829 65,021 74,029Consumer goods (nonfood) 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,751 14,593 37,317 43,719 46,858 51,424 54,655 59,981 64,425 70,136 77,445

Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,584 73,155 127,233 147,922 164,333 176,982 186,385 201,434 219,802 238,792 258,268Transfers under U.S. military agency sales contracts . . . 9,029 8,718 8,564 9,932 11,135 12,387 13,471 12,787 14,755 15,765 18,269Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,588 17,762 36,205 43,007 48,385 54,742 57,875 58,417 63,395 69,751 73,268Passenger fares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,591 4,411 10,657 15,298 15,854 16,618 16,528 16,997 18,909 20,413 20,895Other transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,618 14,674 20,526 22,042 22,631 21,531 21,958 23,754 26,081 26,074 26,911Royalties and license fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,085 6,678 13,818 16,634 17,819 20,841 21,695 26,712 30,289 32,823 33,676Other private services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,276 20,035 36,875 40,341 47,821 50,022 53,975 61,880 65,555 73,073 84,465U.S. government misc. services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 878 587 668 690 841 883 887 818 893 784

Income on U.S. assets abroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,606 93,679 153,659 163,324 141,408 125,003 126,702 157,742 203,844 213,196 241,787Direct investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,146 30,547 55,368 58,740 52,198 51,912 61,241 72,391 93,164 99,802 109,407Other private receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,898 57,633 92,638 94,072 81,186 65,977 60,353 81,230 105,967 108,733 128,845U.S. government receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,562 5,499 5,653 10,512 8,023 7,114 5,108 4,121 4,713 4,661 3,535

Imports of goods, services and income . . . . . . . . . . . . . -333,774 -484,037 -720,189 -757,507 -732,068 -758,481 -817,910 -946,008 -1,080,107 -1,158,309 -1,294,904Merchandise, excl. military 2 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -249,750 -338,088 -477,365 -498,337 -490,981 -536,458 -589,441 -668,590 -749,574 -803,320 -877,279

Foods, feeds, and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -18,564 -21,850 -24,898 -26,407 -26,205 -27,610 -27,866 -30,958 -33,176 -35,711 -39,694Industrial supplies and materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -132,472 -114,008 -135,363 -145,168 -132,963 -140,591 -152,437 -164,946 -185,005 -209,469 -217,304Capital goods, except automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -31,576 -61,287 -112,156 -116,061 -120,802 -134,252 -152,305 -184,369 -221,429 -229,050 -254,175Automotive vehicles and parts 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -28,257 -64,905 -87,356 -88,480 -85,696 -91,787 -102,420 -118,271 -123,797 -128,938 -140,778Consumer goods (nonfood) 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -34,268 -66,336 -103,621 -105,053 -107,777 -122,656 -134,076 -146,274 -160,030 -171,115 -193,042

Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -41,491 -72,862 -104,185 -120,019 -121,196 -119,561 -125,715 -136,155 -145,964 -156,029 -170,520Direct defense expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10,851 -13,108 -15,313 -17,531 -16,409 -13,835 -12,202 -10,292 -9,986 -11,081 -11,488Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10,397 -24,558 -33,416 -37,349 -35,322 -38,552 -40,713 -43,782 -44,916 -48,048 -51,220Passenger fares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3,607 -6,444 -8,249 -10,531 -10,012 -10,603 -11,410 -13,062 -14,663 -15,818 -18,235Other transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11,790 -15,643 -22,172 -24,966 -24,975 -23,767 -24,524 -26,019 -27,034 -27,403 -28,949Royalties and license fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -724 -1,170 -2,528 -3,135 -4,035 -5,161 -5,032 -5,852 -6,919 -7,854 -9,411Other private services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2,909 -10,203 -20,636 -24,590 -28,328 -25,381 -29,580 -34,588 -39,823 -43,138 -48,421U.S. government miscellaneous services . . . . . . . . . . . -1,214 -1,735 -1,871 -1,919 -2,116 -2,263 -2,255 -2,560 -2,623 -2,687 2,796

Income on foreign assets in the United States . . . . . . . . . -42,532 -73,087 -138,639 -139,149 -119,891 -102,462 -102,754 -141,263 -184,569 -198,960 -247,105Direct investment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8,635 -7,213 -6,507 -2,871 3,433 -302 -5,574 -20,621 -30,195 -33,641 -45,674Other private payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -21,214 -42,745 -93,768 -95,508 -82,452 -63,079 -57,804 -76,450 -97,004 -97,901 -113,959U.S. government payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -12,684 -23,129 -38,364 -40,770 -40,872 -39,081 -39,376 -44,192 -57,370 -67,418 -87,472

Unilateral transfers (excl. military grants, net) . . . . . . . . . -8,349 -22,700 -26,963 -34,669 5,032 -35,230 -38,142 -39,391 -34,638 -40,577 -39,691U.S. government grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5,486 -11,268 -10,911 -17,433 24,160 -15,826 -16,821 -15,508 -11,170 -15,023 -12,090U.S. government pensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1,818 -2,138 -2,744 -3,184 -3,730 -4,018 -4,081 -4,545 -3,433 -4,442 -4,193Private remittances and other transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1,044 -9,295 -13,308 -14,053 -15,399 -15,386 -17,240 -19,338 -20,035 -21,112 -23,408

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TYPE OF TRANSACTION 1980 1985 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

U.S. assets abroad, net (increase/capital outflow (-)) . . . -86,967 -39,889 -168,744 -74,011 -57,881 -68,774 -194,537 -171,102 -327,453 -368,801 - 478,502

U.S. official reserve assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8,155 -3,858 -25,293 -2,158 5,763 3,901 -1,379 5,346 -9,742 6,668 -1,010Special drawing rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -16 -897 -535 -192 -177 2,316 -537 -441 -808 370 -350Reserve position in the International Monetary Fund . . -1,667 908 471 731 -367 -2,692 -44 494 -2,466 -1,280 -3,575Foreign currencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6,472 -3,869 -25,229 -2,697 6,307 4,277 -797 5,293 -6,468 7,578 2,915

U.S. govt. assets, other than official reserveassets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5,162 -2,821 1,259 2,307 2,911 -1,657 -342 -389 -589 -708 174

U.S. credits and other long-term assets . . . . . . . . . . -9,860 -7,657 -5,590 -8,430 -12,874 -7,398 -6,299 -5,272 -4,843 -5,011 -5,302Repayments on U.S. credits and

other long-term assets 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,456 4,719 6,723 10,867 16,776 5,807 6,270 5,068 4,115 4,197 5,504U.S. foreign currency holdings and U.S.

short-term assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 117 125 -130 -992 -66 -313 -185 139 106 -28U.S. private assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -73,651 -33,211 -144,710 -74,160 -66,555 -71,018 -192,817 -176,059 -317,122 -374,761 -477,666

Direct investments abroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -19,222 -14,065 -36,834 -29,950 -31,369 -42,640 -77,945 -75,214 -96,654 -81,072 -121,843Foreign securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3,568 -7,481 -22,070 -28,765 -45,673 -49,166 -146,253 -60,309 -100,074 -115,801 -87,981U.S. claims on unaffiliated foreigners reported

by U.S. nonbanking concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4,023 -10,342 -27,646 -27,824 11,097 -387 766 -36,336 -45,286 -86,333 -120,403U.S. claims reported by U.S. banks, n.i.e. 8 . . . . . . . . -46,838 -1,323 -58,160 12,379 -610 21,175 30,615 -4,200 -75,108 -91,555 -147,439

Foreign assets in the U.S., net(increase/capital inflow (+)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,112 141,183 224,390 140,992 109,641 168,776 279,671 304,460 465,449 563,357 733,441

Foreign official assets in the U.S., net . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,497 -1,119 8,503 33,910 17,389 40,477 71,753 39,583 109,768 127,344 15,817U.S. government securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,895 -1,139 1,532 30,243 16,147 22,403 53,014 36,827 72,712 120,679 -2,936

U.S. Treasury securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,708 -838 149 29,576 14,846 18,454 48,952 30,750 68,977 115,671 -7,270Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,187 -301 1,383 667 1,301 3,949 4,062 6,077 3,735 5,008 4,334

Other U.S. government liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 844 160 1,868 1,367 2,191 1,313 1,564 -217 -362 -2,521U.S. liabilities reported by U.S. banks, n.i.e. 8 . . . . . . -159 645 4,976 3,385 -1,484 16,571 14,841 3,665 34,008 5,704 21,928Other foreign official assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,145 -1,469 1,835 -1,586 1,359 -688 2,585 -2,473 3,265 1,323 -654

Other foreign assets in the United States, net . . . . . . . . 42,615 142,301 215,887 107,082 92,253 128,299 207,918 264,877 355,681 436,013 717,624Direct investments in the United States. . . . . . . . . . . 16,918 20,010 67,736 47,915 22,004 17,936 48,993 44,592 57,653 77,622 93,449U.S. Treasury securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,645 20,433 29,618 -2,534 18,826 37,131 24,381 34,274 99,548 154,996 146,710U.S. currency flows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,500 5,200 5,900 18,800 15,400 13,400 18,900 23,400 12,300 17,362 24,782U.S. securities other than U.S. Treasury securities . . . 5,457 50,962 38,767 1,592 35,144 30,043 80,092 56,971 96,367 130,151 196,845U.S. liabilities to unaffiliated foreigners reported

by U.S. nonbanking concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,852 9,851 22,086 45,133 -3,115 13,573 10,489 1,302 59,637 39,404 107,779U.S. liabilities reported by U.S. banks, n.i.e. 8 . . . . . . 10,743 41,045 51,780 -3,824 3,994 16,216 25,063 104,338 30,176 16,478 148,059

Allocations of special drawing rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,152 (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)Statistical discrepancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,386 22,950 48,494 24,643 -47,378 -48,628 999 -9,533 -22,742 -59,641 -99,724

Balance on merchandise trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -25,500 -122,173 -115,245 -109,030 -74,068 -96,106 -132,609 -166,192 -173,729 -191,337 -197,954Balance on services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,093 294 23,048 27,901 43,137 57,421 60,670 65,279 73,838 82,763 87,748Balance on investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,073 20,590 15,020 24,174 21,517 22,541 23,948 16,479 19,275 14,236 -5,318Balance on goods, services, and income . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,666 -101,290 -77,177 -56,955 -9,414 -16,144 -47,991 -84,434 -80,616 -94,338 -115,524Unilateral transfers, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8,349 -22,954 -26,963 -34,669 5,032 -35,230 -38,142 -39,391 -34,638 -40,577 -39,691Balance on current account. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,317 -124,243 -104,139 -91,624 -4,383 -51,374 -86,133 -123,825 -115,254 -134,915 -155,215

X Not applicable. 1 Excludes transfers of goods and services under U.S. military grant programs. 2 Excludes exports of goods under U.S. military agency sales contracts identified in Bureau of the Censusexport documents, excludes imports of goods under direct defense expenditures identified in Census import documents, and reflects various other adjustments (for valuation, coverage, and timing) of Census statisticsto a balance of payments basis. 3 Includes other end-use items, not shown separately. 4 Includes engines. 5 Excludes automotive. 6 Break in series due to inclusion of new data. See Technical Note in Surveyof Current Business, June 1979. 7 Includes sales of foreign obligations to foreigners. 8 Not included elsewhere. 9 Includes foreign currency notes sold to private residents abroad.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, July 1998 and previous issues.

Foreign

Com

merce

andA

id787

U.S

.C

ensusB

ureau,the

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tatisticsT

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tatisticalAbstract

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1998O

ct.13,

1998

No. 1303. U.S. Balances on International Transactions, by Area and Selected Country:1995 to 1997

[In millions of dollars. Minus sign (-) indicates debits]

AREA OR COUNTRY

1995, BALANCE ON— 1996, BALANCE ON— 1997, BALANCE ON—

Mer-chandisetrade 1

Goods,services,

andincome

Currentaccount

Mer-chandisetrade 1

Goods,services,

andincome

Currentaccount

Mer-chandisetrade 1

Goods,services,

andincome

Currentaccount

All areas . . . . . . . . . -173,729 -80,616 -115,254 -191,337 -94,338 -134,915 -197,954 -115,524 -155,215Western Europe . . . . . . . . . . -15,241 -3,856 -3,376 -23,326 -9,927 -9,671 -22,808 -22,499 -22,730

European Economic . . . . . -12,819 -1,533 -318 -21,568 -9,227 -8,069 -21,294 -21,927 -21,127Belgium-Luxembourg . . . 4,078 5,321 5,260 3,184 4,185 4,122 3,045 4,573 4,497France. . . . . . . . . . . . . -2,939 -126 -283 -4,191 -588 -709 -4,803 -3,633 -3,784Germany . . . . . . . . . . . -14,893 -12,119 -10,693 -15,874 -14,304 -12,993 -18,816 -18,128 -17,259Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7,661 -4,853 -5,159 -9,678 -6,984 -7,276 -10,455 -7,909 -8,211Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 9,818 15,619 15,572 9,017 16,002 15,952 12,070 20,235 20,178United Kingdom . . . . . . 1,244 -14,077 -12,933 1,399 -13,219 -11,998 3,416 -21,510 -20,187

Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . -1,293 -1,075 -4,150 285 917 -2,415 -731 615 -2,165Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -19,589 -3,033 -3,430 -24,153 -6,616 -6,964 -18,977 -405 -771Latin America, other Western

Hemisphere. . . . . . . . . . . . -9,438 4,418 -5,714 -16,038 -805 -11,289 -6,106 15,259 4,023Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -16,598 -16,469 -20,292 -18,340 -17,180 -21,346 -15,509 -14,771 -19,318Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . -5,162 -3,009 -3,077 -8,755 -6,792 -6,854 -6,893 -4,742 -4,815

Japan 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -60,330 -55,296 -55,436 -49,202 -46,314 -46,444 -57,058 -63,956 -64,093Other Asia and Africa . . . . . . -74,937 -49,431 -61,893 -86,749 -59,413 -76,698 -99,306 -73,229 -88,651

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,099 13,241 13,125 7,844 14,084 13,979 7,032 14,696 14,579South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . 567 1,381 1,205 803 1,407 1,227 476 1,273 1,053

International and unallocated . - 14,416 5,620 2 13,736 4,587 - 13,995 4,593

- Represents zero. 1 Adjusted to balance of payments basis; excludes exports under U.S. military sales contracts andimports under direct defense expenditures. 2 Includes Ryukyu Islands.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, July 1998 issue.

No. 1304. Private Services Transaction, by Type of Service and Country: 1990 to 1996[In millions of dollars ]

TYPE OF SERVICE AND COUNTRYEXPORTS IMPORTS

1990 1994 1995 1996 1990 1994 1995 1996

Total private services . . . . . . . . . 137,224 184,195 204,165 221,224 100,570 122,620 134,523 143,086Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,007 58,417 63,395 69,908 37,349 43,782 46,053 48,739

Overseas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,806 47,299 54,331 60,144 28,929 34,534 36,418 38,162Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,093 6,252 6,207 6,763 3,541 3,914 4,319 4,606Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,108 4,866 2,857 3,001 4,879 5,334 5,316 5,971

Passenger fares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,298 17,083 19,125 20,557 10,531 12,885 14,433 15,776Other transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,745 24,941 27,412 27,216 25,168 27,255 28,249 28,453

Freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,063 9,697 11,420 11,161 14,353 16,324 16,759 16,879Port services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,662 14,180 14,810 14,691 9,920 10,013 10,579 10,792Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,020 1,065 1,184 1,364 895 919 911 783

Royalties and license fees . . . . . . . . . . 16,634 22,661 27,383 29,974 3,135 5,560 6,503 7,322Other private services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,540 61,093 66,850 73,569 24,387 33,138 39,285 42,796

Affiliated services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,622 18,651 20,272 22,810 9,118 11,860 13,597 16,026Unaffilated services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,918 42,442 46,578 50,759 15,269 21,278 25,689 26,770

Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,126 7,175 7,512 7,807 658 816 949 1,041Financial services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,417 5,763 7,029 8,034 2,475 1,654 2,472 3,184Insurance, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 1,676 1,390 2,121 1,910 4,034 5,383 4,387Telecommunications . . . . . . . . . . . 2,735 2,865 3,183 3,405 5,583 6,928 7,773 8,385Business, prof., & tech. services . . . 6,951 15,893 17,765 19,247 1,891 3,628 4,691 5,253

Advertising. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 487 558 597 243 728 718 971Computer & data processing

services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,031 2,796 3,197 3,142 44 244 422 334Management, consulting, and

public relations services . . . . . . 354 1,134 1,456 1,473 135 321 475 543Legal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 1,617 1,664 1,910 111 383 468 516Construction, engineering,

architectural, & mining services . 867 2,474 2,848 2,990 170 280 339 489Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,743 17,251 18,247 19,951 9,307 11,180 12,542 13,818Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,716 65,567 73,090 80,230 40,030 49,026 53,604 55,815

Belgium-Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,796 2,517 2,719 2,800 1,027 1,248 1,522 1,611France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,573 6,508 7,991 8,749 4,187 5,671 6,175 6,309Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,489 11,405 12,919 13,790 6,852 7,294 7,895 8,586Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,324 4,154 4,569 4,750 3,485 3,446 3,732 3,724Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,281 5,106 5,927 6,421 1,945 2,585 3,171 3,238United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,050 17,327 18,546 20,482 11,624 14,627 16,359 17,128Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 9,635 10,694 12,397 (NA) 8,429 9,366 9,401

Other Western Europe. . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009 2,198 2,614 3,028 815 1,998 2,235 2,241

Latin America and otherWestern Hemisphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,718 31,722 32,113 34,073 20,298 25,309 27,212 30,070

Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,875 9,870 7,290 7,923 8,279 10,467 10,687 11,562Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,284 2,129 2,489 2,312 670 754 701 728Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 7,701 8,771 8,839 (NA) 4,324 4,666 4,863

Other countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,726 65,141 75,744 81,280 28,225 35,352 38,873 40,356Int’l organizations and unallocated . . . . . 5,325 4,508 4,970 5,691 2,706 1,754 2,290 3,026

NA Not available.Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, October 1997.


U.S. Census Bureau, the Official StatisticsTM Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1998 Oct. 13, 1998

No. 1305. International Investment Position: 1990 to 1997

[In millions of dollars. Estimates for end of year; subject to considerable error due to nature of basic data]

TYPE OF INVESTMENT 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

U.S. net internationalinvestment position:

Current cost . . . . . . . . . . . . -206,287 -269,131 -398,173 -275,626 -351,897 -603,100 -767,076 -1,223,568Market value. . . . . . . . . . . . -166,845 -263,096 -454,604 -180,371 -232,943 -537,064 -743,656 -1,322,455

U.S. assets abroad:Current cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,180,003 2,285,121 2,324,992 2,742,525 2,901,776 3,296,785 3,767,018 4,237,311Market value . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,291,734 2,468,351 2,464,196 3,055,316 3,217,431 3,754,289 4,347,148 5,007,119

U.S. official reserve assets . . . . . 174,664 159,223 147,435 164,945 163,394 176,061 160,739 134,836Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,406 92,561 87,168 102,556 100,110 101,279 96,698 75,929Special drawing rights . . . . . . . 10,989 11,240 8,503 9,039 10,039 11,037 10,312 10,027Reserve position in IMF . . . . . . 9,076 9,488 11,759 11,818 12,030 14,649 15,435 18,071Foreign currencies . . . . . . . . . 52,193 45,934 40,005 41,532 41,215 49,096 38,294 30,809

U.S. government assets, other . . 81,993 79,144 80,722 81,029 80,430 81,005 81,677 81,483U.S. loans and other

long-term assets . . . . . . . . . . 81,365 77,498 79,087 79,106 78,249 78,975 79,786 79,573Repayable in dollars. . . . . . . 80,040 76,272 77,987 78,100 77,474 78,252 79,114 78,942Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,325 1,226 1,100 1,006 775 723 672 631

U.S. foreign currency holdingsand short-term assets . . . . . . 628 1,646 1,635 1,923 2,181 2,030 1,891 1,910

U.S. private assets:Current cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,923,346 2,046,754 2,096,835 2,496,551 2,657,952 3,039,719 3,524,602 4,020,992Market value . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,035,077 2,229,984 2,236,039 2,809,342 2,973,607 3,497,223 4,104,732 4,790,800Direct investments abroad:

Current cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620,031 644,307 659,426 714,756 752,148 849,651 936,954 1,023,872Market value . . . . . . . . . . . . 731,762 827,537 798,630 1,027,547 1,067,803 1,307,155 1,517,084 1,793,680Foreign securities . . . . . . . . . 342,313 455,750 515,083 853,528 889,706 1,054,352 1,280,159 1,446,301

Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,717 176,774 200,817 309,666 303,079 355,284 403,373 445,049Corporate stocks . . . . . . . . 197,596 278,976 314,266 543,862 586,627 699,068 876,786 1,001,252

U.S. claims on unaffiliatedforeigners 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 265,315 256,295 254,303 242,022 322,980 367,567 449,978 562,396

U.S. claims reported by U.S.banks 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695,687 690,402 668,023 686,245 693,118 768,149 857,511 988,423

Foreign assets in the U.S.Current cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,386,290 2,554,252 2,723,165 3,018,151 3,253,673 3,899,885 4,534,094 5,460,879Market value . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,458,579 2,731,447 2,918,800 3,235,687 3,450,374 4,291,353 5,090,804 6,329,574

Foreign official assetsin the U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373,293 398,538 437,263 509,422 535,217 671,631 801,062 833,901U.S. government securities . . . . 291,228 311,199 329,317 381,687 407,152 497,810 612,656 614,390

U.S. Treasury securities . . . . 285,911 305,994 322,600 373,050 396,887 482,807 592,891 589,850Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,317 5,205 6,717 8,637 10,265 15,003 19,765 24,540

Other U.S. governmentliabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,243 18,610 20,801 22,113 23,678 23,460 23,099 20,577

U.S. liabilities reported byU.S. banks 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,880 38,396 54,967 69,721 73,386 107,394 113,098 135,026

Other foreign official assets. . . . 24,942 30,333 32,178 35,901 31,001 42,967 52,209 63,908

Other foreign assets in the U.S:Current cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,012,997 2,155,714 2,285,902 2,508,729 2,718,456 3,228,254 3,733,032 4,626,978Market value . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,085,286 2,332,909 2,481,537 2,726,265 2,915,157 3,619,722 4,289,742 5,495,673

Direct investments:Current cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467,312 491,942 500,542 550,862 561,152 614,258 666,962 751,845Market value . . . . . . . . . . . . 539,601 669,137 696,177 768,398 757,853 1,005,726 1,223,672 1,620,540

U.S. Treasury securities . . . . 152,452 170,295 197,739 221,501 235,684 357,691 504,792 661,961U.S. currency . . . . . . . . . . . 85,932 101,316 114,803 133,732 157,183 169,482 186,843 211,625

U.S. securities other thanU.S. Treasury securities . . . . 460,644 546,008 599,447 696,449 739,695 971,356 1,199,460 1,577,984Corporate and other bonds . . 238,903 274,136 299,287 355,822 368,077 481,214 588,043 718,076Corporate stocks . . . . . . . . . 221,741 271,872 300,160 340,627 371,618 490,142 611,417 859,908

U.S. liabilities to unaffiliatedforeigners 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 213,406 208,908 220,666 229,038 239,817 300,424 346,727 453,555

U.S. liabilities reported byU.S. banks 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 633,251 637,245 652,705 677,147 784,925 815,043 828,248 970,008

1 Reported by U.S. nonbanking concerns. 2 Not included elsewhere.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, July 1998.

No. 1306. U.S. Reserve Assets: 1980 to 1997

[In billions of dollars. As of end of year, except as indicated]

TYPE 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 43.2 83.3 77.7 71.3 73.4 74.3 85.8 75.1 70.0Gold stock 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.0 11.0Special drawing rights . . . . . . . 2.6 7.3 11.0 11.2 8.5 9.0 10.0 11.0 10.3 10.0Foreign currencies . . . . . . . . . 10.1 12.9 52.2 45.9 40.0 41.5 41.2 49.1 38.3 30.9Reserve position in IMF 2 . . . . . 2.9 11.9 9.1 9.5 11.8 11.8 12.0 14.6 15.4 18.1

1 Includes gold in Exchange Stabilization Fund; excludes gold held under earmark at Federal Reserve banks for foreign andinternational accounts. Beginning 1975, gold assets were valued at $42.22 pursuant to the amending of Section 2 of the Par ValueModification Act, PL-93-110, approved September 21, 1973. 2 International Monetary Fund.

Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve Bulletin, monthly; and Department of theTreasury, Treasury Bulletin, monthly.



No. 1307. Foreign Direct Investment Position in the United States on a Historical-CostBasis, by Industry and Selected Countries: 1996 and 1997

[In millions of dollars ]

COUNTRY

1996 1997

Total 1 Petro-leum

Manufac-turing,total

Whole-sale Total 1 Petro-

leum

Manufac-turing,total

Whole-sale

All countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594,088 43,770 242,320 75,115 681,651 47,679 267,070 87,564Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,799 3,515 22,298 4,020 64,022 3,446 27,759 3,273Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368,322 29,285 174,326 32,743 425,220 32,627 195,135 41,289

Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,769 (D) 261 361 1,831 (D) 306 301Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,838 (D) 2,219 482 6,771 1,265 3,690 812Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,765 5 745 1,455 3,025 5 636 1,892Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,495 (D) 1,798 369 3,089 (D) 2,387 (D)France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,132 429 26,978 1,694 47,088 (D) 29,157 2,507Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,863 (D) 28,752 10,176 69,701 (D) 33,063 12,468Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,621 401 2,125 1,067 10,514 390 2,919 1,157Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,327 (D) 738 558 3,318 579 591 444Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,276 - 2,127 1,344 6,218 - 2,820 2,494Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,320 12,516 25,914 5,651 84,862 13,561 29,411 5,074Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,484 356 1,490 82 3,971 (D) 1,601 (D)Spain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,405 -1 449 111 2,643 4 632 113Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,479 (D) 6,463 1,962 13,147 (D) 7,683 2,077Switzerland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,390 478 15,602 1,850 38,574 195 18,923 3,326United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,288 10,856 58,554 5,176 129,551 11,568 61,204 7,465

Latin America and otherWestern Hemisphere . . . . . . . . . . . 29,180 3,160 4,333 1,275 35,701 3,766 3,861 1,779South and Central America . . . . . . . . 8,802 -98 355 99 10,049 3 148 176

Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,436 -18 504 149 1,723 -12 470 222Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,817 (D) 166 -41 6,645 -71 9 -49

Other Western Hemisphere . . . . . . . . 20,378 3,258 3,978 1,176 25,652 3,763 3,712 1,603Bahamas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,806 (D) 151 263 1,986 (D) 130 355Netherlands Antilles . . . . . . . . . . . 9,311 2,701 2,510 (D) 7,701 2,561 1,168 207United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean . 7,614 (D) 1,453 500 11,954 (D) 1,942 748

Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 (D) 219 -4 1,608 (D) 204 -53Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,977 (D) 942 119 6,882 (D) 480 420

Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,857 - 914 109 2,292 - 459 410Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,572 4 (D) 2 2,881 4 7 2Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,390 (D) -1 8 1,573 (D) 1 9

Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,166 6,454 40,201 36,961 148,218 6,350 39,631 40,856Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,877 (D) 2,890 274 16,229 6,528 3,130 12Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,644 4 235 647 1,757 -16 313 637Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,534 118 35,178 34,972 123,514 214 33,379 39,567Singapore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,232 -13 273 142 2,776 23 1,085 212Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,225 -1 1,201 375 2,778 -1 1,552 373

- Represents or rounds to zero. D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1 Includes otherindustries not shown separately.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, July 1998.

No. 1308. U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies—Assets, Sales, Employment, Land,Exports, and Imports: 1996

[A U.S. affiliate is a U.S. business enterprise in which one foreign owner (individual, branch, partnership, association, trust,corporation, or government) has a direct or indirect voting interest of 10 percent or more. Universe estimates based on a samplesurvey of nonbank affiliates with assets, sales, or net income of $10 million or more]

INDUSTRYTotal

assets(mil. dol.)

Sales(mil.

dol.) 1

Employ-ment

(1,000) 2

Employeecompen-

sation(mil. dol.)

GROSS BOOKVALUE

(mil. dol.)Merchan-

diseexports4

(mil. dol.)

Merchan-dise

imports4

(mil. dol.)Plant and

equip-ment 3

Land

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,613,985 1,596,022 4,977.5 210,378 738,447 59,200 136,588 252,990Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,735 152,832 111.8 6,525 116,331 2,257 9,984 21,080Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578,886 552,023 2,213.6 104,004 273,201 12,828 58,821 78,531

Chemicals and allied products . . 180,996 134,451 409.8 24,633 85,931 5,074 15,656 14,254Wholesale trade 5. . . . . . . . . . . . 233,829 466,700 488.6 24,338 83,954 2,802 62,792 147,958

Motor vehicles and auto partsand supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,527 101,416 68.9 4,033 45,655 663 4,341 40,678

Farm-product raw materials . . . 8,668 34,508 18.1 650 2,068 75 15,740 3,120Retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,063 94,028 821.0 15,094 28,484 3,016 1,507 3,408Finance, except banking . . . . . . . 705,181 58,230 49.3 8,018 7,621 717 15 21Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575,947 89,625 152.0 9,167 27,864 1,091 - -Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,549 13,903 27.1 1,006 67,763 22,418 7 1Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,297 56,247 633.8 18,801 43,680 8,109 738 1,173Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,497 112,434 480.3 23,424 89,550 5,962 2,725 818

- Represents zero. 1 Excludes returns, discounts, allowances, and sales and excise taxes. 2 Average number of full-timeand part-time employees. 3 Includes mineral rights and minor amounts of property other than land. 4 F.a.s. value at port ofexportation. 5 includes industries not shown separately.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, June 1998; and Foreign Direct Investment in theUnited States, Operations of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies, Revised 1995 Estimates and Preliminary 1996 Estimates.



No. 1309. Foreig n Direc t Investmen t in the Unite d States—Gros s Boo k Value andEmploymen t of U.S. Affiliate s of Foreig n Companies , by State: 1981 to 1996

[A U.S. affiliate is a U.S. business enterprise in which one foreign owner (individual, branch, partnership, association, trustcorporation, or government) has a direct or indirect voting interest of 10 percent or more. Universe estimates based on a samplesurvey of nonbank affiliates with assets, sales, or net income of $10 million or more]

STATE AND OTHER AREA

GROSS BOOK VALUE OF PROPERTY,PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT

(mil. dol.)TOTAL EMPLOYMENT

1981 1990 1995 1996 1981(1,000)

1990(1,000)

1995(1,000)

1996

Total(1,000)

Percentof allbusi-

nesses

Tota l . . . . . . . . . . . . 187,956 578,355 769,491 797,647 2,416.6 4,734.5 4,941.8 4,977.5 (X)

Unite d States . . . . . . . . 178,003 552,902 733,089 758,356 2,402.3 4,704.4 4,898.9 4,941.4 4.8

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,776 7,300 10,598 11,635 27.0 55.7 60.6 61.4 4.0Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D) 19,435 25,558 25,904 8.8 13.2 9.8 10.1 5.1Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,949 7,234 6,699 9,101 30.6 57.1 51.9 56.7 3.4Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 2,344 3,666 3,657 17.5 29.2 32.1 35.1 3.8California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,404 75,768 96,576 100,718 248.4 555.9 548.6 545.3 4.8

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,369 6,544 8,602 8,440 24.7 56.3 72.2 69.8 4.2Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,254 5,357 8,466 8,641 40.8 75.9 73.3 83.3 5.9Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,869 5,818 2,919 3,103 36.0 43.1 15.8 15.4 4.6District of Columbia . . . . . . . 547 3,869 4,983 4,951 3.2 11.4 13.4 11.8 2.9Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,295 18,659 24,865 28,952 73.9 205.7 210.0 214.4 3.9Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,558 16,729 22,432 22,491 78.5 161.0 180.1 185.9 6.1

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D) 11,830 15,972 15,547 17.0 53.0 48.9 48.6 11.0Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 776 1,026 1,171 3.8 11.7 11.3 11.7 2.8Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,646 23,420 34,305 33,687 113.6 245.8 237.0 229.7 4.6Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,883 13,426 18,782 16,022 47.0 126.9 136.9 124.9 5.0Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,032 2,712 4,527 5,096 21.6 32.8 35.8 36.3 3.1

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877 5,134 3,233 4,680 14.6 29.6 34.0 41.3 4.0Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,848 9,229 15,136 14,785 26.0 65.7 83.4 84.1 5.9Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,872 17,432 20,543 21,774 47.0 61.4 51.0 54.4 3.6Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,637 2,080 3,885 3,846 17.7 26.6 29.1 30.6 6.6Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,103 5,713 9,197 9,670 45.1 79.6 95.0 94.4 5.1

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . 1,712 8,890 12,707 13,749 55.6 131.2 141.5 163.2 6.0Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,188 12,012 21,370 17,913 65.9 139.6 170.3 157.3 4.1Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,902 11,972 8,688 9,514 33.0 89.8 79.8 88.9 4.2Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,431 2,989 3,055 2,465 11.3 23.6 22.6 21.6 2.4Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,894 5,757 8,327 10,016 32.6 73.7 79.3 83.6 3.7

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,235 2,181 1,938 1,865 3.0 5.1 4.4 4.2 1.4Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 776 1,320 1,645 5.6 14.9 15.7 18.1 2.6Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 5,450 8,242 8,287 6.9 22.7 25.0 25.0 3.2New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . 409 1,446 2,212 2,141 13.9 25.9 30.0 30.2 6.2New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,552 18,608 26,175 26,688 134.9 227.0 205.2 206.5 6.6

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 4,312 4,363 4,451 7.9 17.4 16.2 15.4 2.8New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,892 36,424 52,992 52,752 210.3 347.5 343.8 345.4 5.1North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . 5,543 15,234 21,475 22,913 89.0 181.0 225.3 225.8 7.3North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,155 1,251 915 911 3.5 3.1 3.2 4.8 1.9Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,178 20,549 29,932 32,617 99.9 219.1 222.1 223.6 4.8

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,760 6,049 5,448 5,410 25.0 43.6 34.2 35.0 3.1Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 3,427 5,807 5,349 13.1 39.1 49.7 49.1 3.9Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,772 16,587 24,432 24,448 135.0 221.6 231.6 234.3 5.0Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . 359 1,120 2,240 2,573 9.9 13.3 16.2 19.3 4.9South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . 5,318 10,067 13,438 15,124 65.1 104.7 111.6 116.0 8.1

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . 299 553 665 665 1.3 4.5 4.6 5.2 1.8Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,747 10,280 14,227 14,999 57.4 116.9 136.3 133.6 6.0Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,383 57,079 68,142 72,315 179.0 299.5 326.4 316.9 4.5Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,791 3,918 5,612 6,287 16.8 21.0 28.6 32.9 4.0Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 631 1,037 1,017 6.0 7.7 10.4 9.8 4.1

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,046 10,702 15,129 16,999 49.8 113.3 141.4 141.2 5.4Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,430 7,985 11,462 11,621 26.0 77.5 83.0 86.0 4.2West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,992 7,975 7,809 7,389 35.4 34.9 31.9 26.3 4.7Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,320 5,088 7,415 7,792 62.2 81.4 71.5 70.7 3.1Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,144 2,782 4,544 4,569 4.2 5.8 6.9 6.1 3.6

Puerto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 1,499 2,174 1,763 9.5 16.1 27.4 19.4 (NA)Other territories and offshore . 7,496 18,484 17,798 18,901 3.1 9.0 13.1 10.3 (NA)Foreign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,044 5,470 16,430 18,627 1.6 5.0 2.4 6.4 (NA)

D Withheld to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. NA Not available. X Not applicable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, June 1998, and Foreign Direct Investment in theUnited States, Operations of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies, annual.



No. 1310. U.S. Businesses Acquired or Established by Foreign Direct Investors—Investment Outlays, by Industry of U.S. Business Enterprise and Country of Ultimate

Beneficial Owner: 1990 to 1997

[In millions of dollars. Foreign direct investment is the ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by one foreign individual branch,partnership, association, trust, corporation, or government of 10 percent or more of the voting securities of a U.S. business enter-prise or an equivalent interest in an unincorporated one. Data represent number and full cost of acquisitions of existing U.S. busi-ness enterprises, including business segments or operating units of existing U.S. business enterprises and establishments of newenterprises. Investments may be made by the foreign direct investor itself, or indirectly by an existing U.S. affiliate of the foreigndirect investor. Covers investments in U.S. business enterprises with assets of over $1 million, or ownership of 200 acres of U.S.land]

INDUSTRY AND COUNTRY 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997,prel.

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,932 25,538 15,333 26,229 45,626 57,195 79,929 70,819INDUSTRY

Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,141 702 463 882 469 1,520 1,059 688Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,898 11,461 6,014 11,090 21,218 26,643 27,835 19,963Wholesale trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,676 623 698 837 2,156 1,168 4,746 2,578Retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,250 1,605 256 1,495 1,542 2,838 2,988 438Depository institutions 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 897 482 529 958 2,026 2,301 1,944 3,935Finance, except

depository institutions 1. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121 2,199 797 1,599 2,195 7,837 8,676 6,536Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,093 2,102 291 1,105 450 654 4,688 8,639Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,771 3,823 2,161 1,883 2,647 2,996 4,175 3,831Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,369 2,256 2,023 4,162 7,163 5,881 15,292 12,407Other 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,716 284 2,101 2,218 5,760 5,359 8,528 11,802

COUNTRYCanada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,430 3,454 1,351 3,797 4,128 8,029 9,700 10,764Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,011 13,994 8,344 16,845 31,920 38,195 49,427 46,190

France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,217 4,976 406 1,249 1,404 1,129 6,021 2,772Germany 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,363 1,922 1,964 2,841 3,328 13,117 12,858 6,412Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,247 1,661 1,331 2,074 1,537 1,061 6,476 11,255Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,905 1,327 1,259 804 5,044 7,533 4,910 6,351United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,096 2,169 2,255 8,238 17,261 9,094 14,757 13,355Other Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,183 1,939 1,129 1,639 3,346 6,261 4,405 6,045

Latin America and otherWestern Hemisphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796 375 1,438 874 1,352 1,550 1,790 923

South and Central America . . . . . . . . 399 108 1,152 527 (D) 1,283 (D) (D)Other Western Hemisphere . . . . . . . . 397 267 286 347 (D) 267 (D) (D)

Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 1,006 238 1,308 (D) 447 (D) 918Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,170 6,560 3,716 3,004 5,263 8,688 12,751 11,993

Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,412 251 164 129 1,522 2,270 2,222 8,421Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,933 5,357 2,921 2,065 2,715 3,602 8,813 1,845Other Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . 1,825 952 631 810 1,026 2,816 1,716 1,727

D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1 Prior to 1992, ‘‘depository institutions’’ excludes, and‘‘finance, depository institutions’’ includes, savings institutions and credit unions. Beginning with 1992, savings institutions andcredit unions have been reclassified from ‘‘finance, except depository institutions’’ to ‘‘depository institutions’’. 2 For investmentsin which more than one investor participated, each investor and each investor’s outlays are classified by country of each ultimatebeneficial owner. 3 Prior to 1990, this line includes data only for the Federal Republic of Germany. Beginning in 1990, this linealso includes the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). This change has no effect on the data because, prior to 1991, therewere no U.S. affiliates of the former GDR.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, June 1997 and June 1998.

No. 1311. U.S. Businesses Acquired by Foreign Direct Investors—Assets, Sales,and Employment, by Industry of U.S. Business Enterprise: 1996 and 1997

[See headnote, Table 1310. Minus sign (-) indicates loss]

INDUSTRY

1996 1997, prel.

Totalassets(mil.dol.)

Sales(mil.dol.)

Netincome

(mil.dol.)

Employ-ment

(1,000)

Acresof

landowned(1,000)

Totalassets(mil.dol.)

Sales(mil.dol.)

Netincome

(mil.dol.)

Employ-ment

(1,000)

Acresof

landowned

Total . . . . . . . . . 241,008 83,544 2,608 436.9 797,284 179,476 63,579 2,375 297.6 558,943

Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . 2,133 4,816 20 (2) (D) 3,989 5,251 (D) 2.4 12,928Manufacturing . . . . . . . . 33,796 25,156 120 132.7 (D) 21,144 21,297 696 95.5 (D)Wholesale trade. . . . . . . 4,625 4,677 44 12.7 (D) 3,907 6,836 (D) (3) (D)Retail trade . . . . . . . . . . 4,295 6,384 79 (4) 1,376 521 (D) -1 (3) 5Depository institutions . . . (D) (D) (D) 35.3 (D) 29,288 (D) 147 (5) 546Finance, except deposi-

tory institutions. . . . . . . 25,334 3,531 (D) 7.3 (D) 15,051 2,591 293 (3) (D)Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . (D) (D) -37 (6) (D) 72,704 8,411 360 (3) 719Real estate . . . . . . . . . . 4,571 559 123 (7) (D) 4,196 508 94 (7) (D)Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,109 9,571 308 99.9 (D) 12,873 6,296 170 100.4 (D)Other 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,042 17,309 506 74.1 159,251 15,802 9,024 70 40.1 (D)

D Withheld to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1 Includes agriculture, forestry, and fishing; mining;construction; transportation; and communication and public utilities. 2 Employment size class of 1,000 to 2,499 employees.3 Employment size class of 10,000 to 24,999 employees. 4 Employment size class of 50,000 to 99,999 employees.5 Employment size class of 5,000 to 9,999 employees. 6 Employment size class of 2,500 to 4,999 employees. 7 Employmentsize class of 1 to 499 employees.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, June 1997 and 1998 issues.



No. 1312. U.S. Direct Investment Position Abroad on a Historical-Cost Basis,by Country: 1990 to 1997

[In millions of dollars. U.S. investment abroad is the ownership or control by one U.S. person of 10% or more of the voting secu-rities of an incorporated foreign business enterprise or an equivalent interest in a unincorporated foreign business enterprise. Nega-tive position can occur when a U.S. parent company’s liabilities to the foreign affiliate are greater that its equity in, and loans to theforeign affiliate]

COUNTRY 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

All countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430,521 467,844 502,063 564,283 612,893 699,015 777,203 860,723Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,508 70,711 68,690 69,922 74,221 83,498 91,301 99,859Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,739 235,163 248,744 285,735 297,133 344,596 382,366 420,934

Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,113 1,268 1,371 1,312 2,197 2,829 2,929 2,621Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,464 10,611 11,381 11,697 14,714 18,706 17,985 17,403Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726 1,940 1,676 1,735 2,030 2,161 2,664 2,576Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 386 343 414 761 965 1,115 1,338France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,164 21,569 25,157 24,312 27,322 33,358 33,746 34,615Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,609 32,411 33,003 36,811 38,878 44,242 44,651 43,931Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 306 372 410 482 533 567 638Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,894 6,471 7,607 9,019 7,239 7,996 10,198 14,476Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,063 15,085 13,015 12,748 14,808 17,096 17,994 17,749Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,697 1,734 2,031 5,611 6,310 5,929 7,666 9,796Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,120 20,293 20,700 20,911 29,889 42,113 54,437 64,648Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,209 4,318 3,825 3,757 5,026 4,741 5,787 6,262Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897 1,034 1,290 1,264 1,181 1,413 1,490 1,498Spain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,868 8,088 8,757 6,689 9,572 10,856 12,227 11,642Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,787 2,323 1,881 2,374 1,905 6,816 6,823 7,299Switzerland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,099 25,682 28,698 33,056 27,908 31,125 30,208 35,203Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 545 732 995 874 973 1,059 1,076United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,707 79,819 85,176 109,208 100,817 106,332 122,692 138,765Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974 1,282 1,729 3,411 5,219 6,412 8,127 9,396

Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,348 48,546 54,339 59,302 116,478 131,377 147,535 172,481South America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,933 24,607 28,760 31,210 37,673 49,170 55,687 67,112

Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,531 2,831 3,327 4,442 5,692 7,660 7,930 9,766Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,384 14,997 16,313 16,772 17,885 25,002 28,699 35,727Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,896 2,069 2,544 2,749 5,062 6,216 7,075 7,767Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,677 1,876 3,053 2,930 3,463 3,506 3,610 3,727Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 321 295 555 784 889 920 1,175Peru. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 492 620 622 971 1,335 2,094 2,595Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,087 1,427 1,972 2,362 3,087 3,634 4,346 5,176Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 594 636 778 728 928 1,013 1,177

Central America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,415 23,939 25,579 28,092 30,083 33,493 38,007 48,881Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 417 274 298 607 921 1,284 1,580Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 107 115 139 200 233 331 357Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 255 239 159 140 68 129 183Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,313 12,501 13,730 15,221 16,968 16,873 19,900 25,395Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,289 10,484 11,038 12,043 11,905 15,123 16,065 20,958Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 175 182 233 262 273 298 408

Other Western Hemisphere . . . . . . . . 28,065 29,131 36,969 41,180 48,722 48,714 53,841 56,489Bahamas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,004 3,864 4,167 3,138 2,808 1,768 1,836 1,515Barbados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 291 340 471 391 698 922 801Bermuda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,169 22,262 26,736 28,666 28,355 28,374 30,919 33,092Dominican Republic . . . . . . . . . . . 529 661 779 1,039 266 330 400 476Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625 763 892 1,049 1,167 1,287 1,494 1,687Netherlands Antilles . . . . . . . . . . . -4,501 -5,072 -1,989 -62 6,739 6,835 7,401 5,393Trinidad and Tobago . . . . . . . . . . . 485 510 565 691 529 673 786 602U.K. Islands, Caribbean . . . . . . . . . 5,929 5,397 5,401 5,544 7,858 8,358 9,492 12,143Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 455 75 645 608 392 589 778

Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,650 4,427 4,469 5,469 5,760 6,017 6,832 10,253Egypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,231 1,246 1,334 1,510 1,090 1,093 1,297 1,570Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -401 529 301 478 605 629 627 1,465South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 868 879 900 1,132 1,422 1,488 2,347Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,045 1,784 1,955 2,581 2,933 2,873 3,420 4,872

Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,959 4,963 5,759 6,571 6,367 7,198 7,793 8,959Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 826 1,335 1,604 1,483 1,831 2,062 2,286Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,899 2,303 2,351 2,587 2,100 2,741 2,592 3,079United Arab Emirates . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 416 429 524 357 500 594 682Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 1,419 1,644 1,856 2,427 2,126 2,545 2,912

Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,887 284,299 304,681 92,671 108,528 122,711 136,481 142,704Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,110 16,072 16,928 19,047 20,196 24,328 28,409 26,125China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 426 563 916 2,557 2,765 3,843 5,013Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,055 6,656 8,693 10,063 11,092 11,768 14,690 19,065India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 415 484 599 1,030 1,105 1,353 1,684Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,207 3,826 4,384 4,864 6,355 6,777 7,520 7,395Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,599 25,403 26,591 31,095 34,117 37,309 35,684 35,569Korea, South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,695 2,900 2,912 3,427 4,334 5,557 6,516 6,528Malaysia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,466 1,774 1,596 1,975 3,148 4,237 5,300 5,623New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,156 2,949 3,314 3,064 3,893 4,601 5,225 5,191Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,355 1,395 1,666 1,953 2,484 2,719 3,519 3,403Singapore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,975 5,363 6,715 8,875 10,940 12,140 14,019 17,514Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,226 2,666 2,827 3,113 3,775 4,293 4,640 4,944Thailand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,790 2,025 2,594 2,943 3,585 4,283 4,777 3,537Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 348 696 737 1,022 830 986 1,113

International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,535 2,684 3,131 3,433 4,406 3,618 4,896 5,533Addenda:

Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (D) 307 731 2,356 4,029 5,136 6,651 7,743European Communities(12) . . . . . . . . 180,491 199,361 210,164 240,414 253,242 301,345 337,184 368,997OPEC 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,145 9,729 10,692 11,737 13,794 15,546 17,641 20,554

D Withheld to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1 OPEC=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.Includes Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, andVenezuela. Prior to 1993, Ecuador was also a member and was included in this line.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, July 1998, and earlier issues.



No. 1313. U.S. Government Foreign Grants and Credits, by Type and Country:1966 to 1996

[In millions of dollars. See text, Section 28. Negative figures (-) occur when the total of grant returns, principal repayments, and/orforeign currencies disbursed by the U.S. government exceeds new grants and new credits utilized and/or acquisitions of foreigncurrencies through new sales of farm products]

TYPE AND COUNTRY1966-1975,total

1976-1985,total

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Total, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,356 104,190 14,253 -32,040 17,718 17,110 15,835 12,090 15,937

Western Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004 1,618 -103 -6,040 325 300 128 155 271Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -19 34 -10 -19 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1Belgium and Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . 17 -46 -9 -3 - - - - -Bosnia and Hercegovina . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 40 30 50 59 186Croatia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 62 37 50 9 -14Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 -58 - - - - - - -Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -19 21 -8 -5 -5 -26 -1 -1 -1France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -93 -222 -15 -8 -2 -2 -1 - -Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -117 -117 -338 -6,117 - -1 - (Z) (Z)Iceland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8 -12 (Z) - - - - - -Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -51 7 2 -6 -6 -8 25 21 24Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 133 -30 -14 - (Z) - (Z) -Macedonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 67 1 3 1 2Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 -180 - - - - - - -Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 -257 - -1 -15 4 - - -Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1,003 56 44 159 113 115 -18 -9Slovenia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 118 -6 -18 -24 -27Spain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 965 -122 -76 -54 31 -55 -59 -48Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 -1 - - - - - - -United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -546 -964 -111 -113 -115 -118 -120 -123 -125Yugoslavia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 174 -39 -58 -308 1 -1 (Z) -1Other 1 and unspecified . . . . . . . . . . 455 1,139 520 335 386 246 82 290 285

Eastern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 1,029 948 779 731 2,862 2,713 1,757 1,853Albania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 9 59 29 10 9 53Armenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 19 62 78 60 73Azerbaijan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - (Z) - 14 11 8Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 27 74 37 47 30Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 17 1 20 5 6 11Czechoslovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - -5 (Z) 1 1 15 1 -2 3Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 2 2 3 9Estonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 21 1 (Z) 1 3Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 5 65 53 53 49Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 6 1 3 2 3 4 5 13Kazakhstan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 17 9 12 16 57Kyrgyzstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 1 63 22 18 25Latvia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 21 1 3 2 6Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 21 24 15 27 14Moldova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 9 25 22 15 13Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -75 1,017 902 646 77 21 5 5 40Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 55 64 39 10 14 9 8 28Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 149 1,895 1,134 427 400Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 1 2 11Soviet Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 -44 -30 3 - 5 - - -Tajikistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 10 17 19 18 20Turkmenistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 7 24 13 16 19Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 8 50 103 165 257Uzbekistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - (Z) 1 4 1 5Other 2 and unspecified . . . . . . . . . . - - 11 60 265 442 1,148 842 706

Near East and South Asia . . . . . . . . . . 17,195 50,777 6,605 -24,670 8,121 7,933 7,023 2,946 7,322Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 56 57 59 70 49 8 8 10Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 1,670 175 168 154 109 178 73 22Cyprus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 138 16 18 10 14 16 6 10Egypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 13,600 4,976 2,508 2,537 2,760 2,240 1,637 1,548Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 362 282 -179 665 315 266 243 -12India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,810 1,021 -8 100 78 54 32 39 39Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914 -847 - -23 (Z) - - - -21Iraq3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 5 -7 365 119 115 135 128 112Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,760 25,417 4,379 2,002 4,691 3,276 3,134 420 5,301Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 1,320 139 67 112 127 95 128 163Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - -2,506 -13,550 -2 - - - -Lebanon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 233 8 5 11 7 5 4 11Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 177 20 16 19 20 20 19 17Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 79 4 3 13 24 1 4 11Pakistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,048 1,971 526 346 123 -39 -162 -190 -167Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 -20 -1,614 -13,913 -1,328 - - - -Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 512 72 109 53 72 35 25 3Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 262 (Z) - - 2 - - -Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,703 3,760 367 798 673 823 241 150 -61United Arab Emirates . . . . . . . . . . . . - - -361 -3,709 - - - - -Yemen (Sanaa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 216 14 - - - - - -Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 28 19 14 21 1 3 4UNRWA 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 596 7 76 69 140 7 103 72West Bank-Gaza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 13 1 5 11 19 64 57 27Other and unspecified. . . . . . . . . . . . 548 236 29 40 31 26 705 91 233

See footnotes at end of table.



No. 1313. U.S. Government Foreign Grants and Credits, by Type and Country:1966 to 1996—Continued

[In millions of dollars. See headnote, p. 794]

COUNTRY1966-1975,total

1976-1985,total

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,610 11,066 1,853 1,484 1,624 1,779 1,802 1,968 1,431Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 345 59 -42 -14 -11 28 759 365Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 115 -15 -4 -20 8 39 25 28Benin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 44 5 10 17 12 16 12 7Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 169 17 11 8 15 14 15 6Burkina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 287 15 32 17 20 13 16 9Burundi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 62 18 6 16 19 36 23 2Cameroon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 150 42 57 42 23 13 4 3Cape Verde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 68 6 7 9 5 6 8 8Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 145 24 26 26 22 9 13 5Eritrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 4 19 5 11Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 310 54 123 88 137 126 91 76Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 152 14 32 36 48 54 57 30Guinea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 74 15 22 21 34 33 28 24Cote d’Ivoire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 57 25 58 46 21 38 17 22Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 549 110 87 90 79 41 34 -6Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 197 15 11 16 7 6 12 3Liberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 459 31 64 40 29 42 40 35Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 86 33 31 20 26 22 26 33Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 56 34 48 47 41 33 58 32Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 199 31 44 31 37 30 31 5Mauritania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 161 11 6 3 7 2 2 2Morocco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 948 95 100 26 21 26 -53 -24Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 175 80 89 72 75 68 100 46Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 223 33 44 34 29 16 31 12Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 267 156 34 31 18 52 1 -5Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 91 13 27 10 32 200 70 47Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 361 60 39 47 54 32 24 36Sierra Leone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 85 2 10 16 8 7 8 17Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 582 77 11 338 506 24 17 7South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11 2 20 28 44 66 71 112 76Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 1,358 145 113 32 35 44 8 10Swaziland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 58 14 13 13 14 10 12 10Tanzania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 259 51 42 27 28 24 17 13Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 60 10 19 12 8 7 3 1Tunisia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 563 38 5 16 -4 1 -5 -25Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 40 43 39 26 58 51 51 30Zaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 938 241 48 33 9 1 1 (Z)Zambia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 331 63 50 76 52 21 25 18Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 271 10 27 67 28 34 29 17Other and unspecified. . . . . . . . . . . . 361 769 156 113 165 160 491 240 444

Far East and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,767 9,651 38 -8,966 801 13 747 751 747Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 -12 -34 -26 -18 -2 -1 - -Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 31 1 -3 (Z) -2 -2 -2 -2Cambodia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,760 87 5 6 14 29 16 37 29China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 49 71 55 31 14 6 136 113Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 11 -8 - - 1 1 73 133Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,390 1,661 46 23 82 -64 23 25 39Japan and Ryukyu Islands. . . . . . . . . -345 -210 -635 -9,377 -30 -2 -1 (Z) (Z)Laos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,868 8 (Z) (Z) 1 (Z) (Z) 3 3Malaysia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 39 -1 -2 - - 1 - 1Mongolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 17 2 36 17 11 6New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 -68 -2 -2 -1 - - - -Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the 5 . 488 1,260 220 179 204 152 317 209 215Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729 1,466 556 391 543 129 -53 54 48Singapore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 110 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 1 (Z)South Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,426 3,518 -192 -331 -133 -431 -55 -50 -62Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,523 648 -7 -8 -7 -9 -8 -5 -3Thailand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996 733 -19 49 44 84 245 207 195Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,720 18 - - - - - - -Other and unspecified. . . . . . . . . . . . 595 302 39 64 71 75 242 51 32

Western Hemisphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,816 9,848 2,002 2,020 2,462 678 796 441 328Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 21 64 87 90 80 26 -30 -53Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 413 112 197 185 129 115 92 86Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,518 399 260 -22 410 -188 -60 -204 -192Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 317 -41 -50 -38 -41 -120 - -Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724 -565 -32 -40 -55 -39 -36 -27 -6Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 298 -30 7 -78 -235 -4 -6 9Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 687 108 63 24 15 -1 -30 -50Dominican Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 550 27 25 3 163 9 -21 -14Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 153 61 26 30 17 19 5 3El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 1,681 303 308 278 212 87 114 65Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 270 96 82 109 74 52 37 -1Guyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 36 42 11 9 6 9 9 11Haiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 370 53 69 54 59 122 199 70Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 801 223 193 126 92 49 72 27Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 643 108 109 84 34 99 27 -18




No. 1313. U.S. Government Foreign Grants and Credits, by Type and Country:1966 to 1996—Continued

[In millions of dollars. See headnote, p. 794]

COUNTRY1966-1975,total

1976-1985,total

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Western Hemisphere—Continued:Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 1,162 140 38 -109 -160 -231 -201 -131

Nicaragua. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 197 100 396 207 37 41 27 28Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 205 102 153 193 49 6 8 -8Paraguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 22 (Z) 1 (Z) 1 2 1 2Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 757 87 139 672 113 44 138 55Trinidad and Tobago. . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 151 5 5 -10 -11 -9 -14 -15Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 -9 -4 -5 2 -1 2 (Z) 1Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 -35 -18 -14 -2 1 (Z) -3 1Other 6 and unspecified . . . . . . . . . . 671 1,325 236 242 280 271 575 250 460

Other international organizations andunspecified areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,018 9,768 1,610 1,854 2,236 2,413 1,209 2,574 2,170

Z Less than $500,000. 1 Includes European Atomic Energy Community, European Coal and Steel Community, EuropeanPayments Union, European Productivity Agency, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and Organization for European EconomicCooperation. 2 Foreign assistance in 1989-94 to the countries of Eastern Europe and to the Newly Independent States of theformer Soviet Union was reported primarily on a regional basis. 3 Foreign assistance to Iraq in 1991-94 was direct humanitarianassistance to ethnic minorities of Northern Iraq after the conflict in the Persian Gulf. 4 United Nations Relief and Works Agencyfor Palestine refugees. 5 Excludes transactions with Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands after October 1986;includes transactions with Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Republic of Palau. 6 IncludesAndean Development Corporation, Caribbean Development Bank, Central American Bank for Economic Integration, EasternCaribbean Central Bank, Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Science, Organizations of American States, and Pan AmericanHealth Organization.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, press releases, and unpublished data.

No. 1314. U.S. Foreign Economic and Military Aid Programs: 1970 to 1996

[In millions of dollars. For years ending June 30 except, beginning 1977, ending Sept. 30. Economic aid shown here representsU.S. economic aid—not just aid under the Foreign Assistance Act. Major components in recent years include AID, Food for Peace,Peace Corps, and paid-in subscriptions to international financial institutions, such as IBRD, and IDB. Annual figures are grossunadjusted program figures]

PERIOD OR YEAR

Totaleconomic

and militaryaid

ECONOMIC AID MILITARY AID

Total Loans Grants Total Loans Grants

1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,568 3,676 1,389 2,288 2,892 70 2,8221975 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,916 4,908 1,679 3,229 2,009 750 1,2591976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,412 3,878 1,759 2,119 2,535 1,442 1,0931976, TQ 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,603 1,931 840 1,091 672 494 1781977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,784 5,594 2,083 3,511 2,190 1,411 7791978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,014 6,661 2,530 4,131 2,353 1,601 7521979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,845 7,120 1,900 5,220 6,725 5,173 1,552

1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,695 7,573 1,993 5,580 2,122 1,450 6721981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,550 7,305 1,460 5,845 3,245 2,546 6991982 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,324 8,129 1,454 6,675 4,195 3,084 1,1111983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,202 8,603 1,619 6,984 5,599 3,932 1,6671984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,524 9,038 1,621 7,417 6,486 4,401 2,085

1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,128 12,327 1,579 10,748 5,801 2,365 3,4361986 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,739 10,900 1,330 9,570 5,839 1,980 3,8591987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,488 9,386 1,138 8,248 5,102 953 4,1491988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,792 8,961 852 8,109 4,831 763 4,0681989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,688 9,860 694 9,166 4,828 410 4,418

1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,727 10,834 756 10,078 4,893 404 4,4891991 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,663 11,904 354 11,550 4,760 428 4,3321992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,589 11,242 494 10,748 4,347 345 4,0021993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,196 24,054 462 23,593 4,143 855 3,2881994 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,870 11,940 887 11,053 3,931 770 3,161

1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,108 11,295 190 11,105 3,813 558 3,2551996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,559 9,589 329 9,260 3,970 544 3,426

1 Transition quarter, July-Sept.

Source: U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants and Assistance from InternationalOrganizations, annual.



No. 1315. U.S. Foreign Military Aid, by Region and Selected Countries: 1994 to 1996[In thousands of dollars . For years ending Sept. 30. Military aid data include Military Assistance Program (MAP) grants, foreignmilitary credit sales, International Military Education and Training, and excess defense articles. N.I.S.=New Independent States]

REGION ANDCOUNTRY 1994 1995 1996

Total . . . . . . . . . . 3,930,672 3,812,746 3,970,233

Near East 1 . . . . . . . . . 3,112,098 3,111,501 3,204,683Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 1,300,800 1,301,000 1,301,009Israel . . . . . . . . . . . 1,800,000 1,800,000 1,800,000Jordan. . . . . . . . . . . 9,800 8,303 101,202Morocco . . . . . . . . . 528 724 830Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . 500 800 816

Sub-Saharan Africa 1. . . 4,506 4,955 11,046Ghana. . . . . . . . . . . 514 222 257Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . 288 283 297Senegal . . . . . . . . . . 450 598 637

Latin America 1. . . . . . . 17,301 21,881 10,717Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . 3,406 3,597 547Colombia . . . . . . . . . 8,600 10,588 95Dominican Rep . . . . . 608 213 507Ecuador. . . . . . . . . . 509 293 547El Salvador . . . . . . . 400 404 535Honduras. . . . . . . . . 524 325 500Jamaica. . . . . . . . . . 501 174 469Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 201 400 992


Panama. . . . . . . . . . - 425 -Asia 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,847 3,804 6,508

Malaysia . . . . . . . . . 318 504 613Philippines . . . . . . . . 876 - 1,210Thailand . . . . . . . . . 895 96 1,445Viet Nam . . . . . . . . . - 999 -

Europe 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 774,776 566,928 606,598Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . 300 400 708Czech Republic. . . . . 500 500 795Greece . . . . . . . . . . 283,600 229,683 224,054Hungary . . . . . . . . . 700 796 1,034Latvia . . . . . . . . . . . 195 903 388Poland . . . . . . . . . . 700 1,747 1,021Portugal. . . . . . . . . . 81,500 500 769Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . 406,006 329,152 321,095

N.I.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,481 1,722 4,508Russia. . . . . . . . . . . 471 413 760Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . 600 707 1,019

Oceania and other . . . . 88 376 420

Nonregional . . . . . . . . 17,575 101,579 125,753

- Represents zero. 1 Includes countries not shown separately.


No. 1316. U.S. Foreign Aid—Economic Assistance, by Region andSelected Countries: 1994 to 1996

[In thousands of dollars. For years ending Sept. 30. N.I.S.=New Independent States]


Total . . . . . . . . . . 11,939,559 11,294,639 9,589,560

Near East 1 . . . . . . . . . 1,972,814 2,310,372 2,146,415Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . 606,486 975,825 824,262Israel . . . . . . . . . . . 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,200,000Jordan. . . . . . . . . . . 46,979 13,506 32,466Lebanon . . . . . . . . . 1,661 13,380 1,026Morocco . . . . . . . . . 42,947 15,035 15,821West Bank/Gaza . . . . 58,480 80,909 63,448

Sub-Saharan Africa 1. . . 1,457,752 1,306,081 1,106,508Angola . . . . . . . . . . 66,656 44,760 83,470Benin . . . . . . . . . . . 25,251 20,337 16,389Botswana. . . . . . . . . 15,325 31,905 1,776Eritrea . . . . . . . . . . . 40,546 10,452 13,550Ethiopa . . . . . . . . . . 145,179 119,494 110,810Ghana. . . . . . . . . . . 55,004 39,172 43,501Guinea . . . . . . . . . . 31,394 19,671 15,671Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . 48,533 26,450 16,122Liberia . . . . . . . . . . . 60,107 51,643 57,912Madagascar . . . . . . . 33,318 30,015 19,684Malawi. . . . . . . . . . . 54,554 67,820 31,354Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,458 34,758 30,912Mozambique. . . . . . . 74,745 66,709 59,273Namibia . . . . . . . . . . 18,367 16,815 6,766Niger. . . . . . . . . . . . 26,696 18,895 4,846Rwanda. . . . . . . . . . 54,171 166,021 120,527Senegal . . . . . . . . . . 35,524 24,386 19,776Somalia . . . . . . . . . . 24,815 14,778 9,399South Africa . . . . . . . 133,674 100,120 116,709Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . 66,331 30,067 23,521Tanzania . . . . . . . . . 25,955 31,469 11,788Uganda . . . . . . . . . . 47,370 57,826 39,519Zambia . . . . . . . . . . 35,190 29,555 10,978Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . 40,246 21,584 19,497

Latin America 1. . . . . . . 941,698 717,121 680,509Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . 106,059 65,570 90,062Colombia . . . . . . . . . 21,593 17,306 16,766Costa Rica . . . . . . . . 12,110 6,244 2,139Dominican Rep . . . . . 90,731 15,692 13,831Ecuador. . . . . . . . . . 19,392 14,286 13,559El Salvador . . . . . . . 56,807 63,214 78,436Guatemala . . . . . . . . 67,878 39,199 37,333Haiti . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,024 157,592 99,325


Honduras. . . . . . . . . 47,229 29,685 25,800Jamaica. . . . . . . . . . 32,095 23,967 32,097Latin America

Regional . . . . . . . . . . . 53,655 51,542 50,549Mexico . . . . . . . . . . 11,426 9,931 25,276Nicaragua . . . . . . . . 93,053 31,373 27,254Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,044 131,576 103,366

Asia 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596,349 571,818 462,682Bangladesh . . . . . . . 125,223 146,774 55,142India . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,419 164,429 157,175Indonesia. . . . . . . . . 24,371 61,564 33,459Kampuchea . . . . . . . 29,694 42,115 27,500Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . 19,333 100 15,667Pakistan . . . . . . . . . 49,608 16,993 16,493Philippines . . . . . . . . 77,565 17,121 57,042Thailand . . . . . . . . . 12,113 13,255 5,287

Europe 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 693,480 686,098 562,140Bosnia Hercegovina. . 86,271 71,900 245,325Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . 7,817 38,525 32,633Croatia . . . . . . . . . . 18,367 12,345 15,630Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . 29,999 - 9,376Hungary . . . . . . . . . 2,308 26,012 19,564Lithuania . . . . . . . . . 15,015 22,252 17,989Macedonia . . . . . . . . 12,000 13,512 9,655Portugal. . . . . . . . . . - - -Ireland, Republic of . . 39,408 39,200 -

N.I.S 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,118,374 842,503 628,663Armenia. . . . . . . . . . 89,174 52,526 70,724Azerbaijan . . . . . . . . 21,274 9,848 5,625Belarus . . . . . . . . . . 50,718 11,067 25,041Georgia . . . . . . . . . . 36,816 39,273 20,023Kazakhstan . . . . . . . 104,623 40,191 29,725Kyrgyz Republic . . . . 42,650 25,104 17,034Moldova . . . . . . . . . 62,368 21,723 31,769Russia. . . . . . . . . . . 1,410,594 353,196 178,060Tajikistan . . . . . . . . . 46,233 8,401 3,368Turkemenistan . . . . . 27,871 5,343 28,952Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . 160,771 178,779 120,771Uzberistan . . . . . . . . 24,723 11,515 10,874

Oceania and other . . . . 26,538 6,765 21,769

Nonregional . . . . . . . . 4,132,554 4,853,881 3,980,874

- Represents zero. 1 Includes countries and regional organizations not shown separately.




No. 1317. U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: 1995 to 1997

[In millions of dollars . Data presented on a balance of payments basis and will not agree with thefollowing merchandise trade Tables 1318 to 1326]

CATEGORYEXPORTS IMPORTS TRADE BALANCE

1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997 1995 1996 1997

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 795,647 850,775 937,593 895,538 959,349 1,047,799 -99,891 -108,574 -110,207

Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575,845 611,983 679,325 749,574 803,320 877,279 -173,729 -191,337 -197,955Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219,802 238,792 258,268 145,964 156,029 170,520 73,838 82,763 87,748

Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,395 69,751 73,268 44,916 48,048 51,220 18,479 21,703 22,048Passenger fares . . . . . . 18,909 20,413 20,895 14,663 15,818 18,235 4,246 4,595 2,660Other transportation . . . . 26,081 26,074 26,911 27,034 27,403 28,949 -953 -1,329 -2,038

Royalties and licensefees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,289 32,823 33,676 6,919 7,854 9,411 23,370 24,969 24,265

Other private services. . . 65,555 73,073 84,465 39,823 43,138 48,421 25,732 29,935 36,044Other 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,755 15,765 18,269 9,986 11,081 11,488 4,769 4,684 6,781U.S. government miscel.

services . . . . . . . . . . . 818 893 784 2,623 2,687 2,796 -1,805 -1,794 -2,012

1 Represents transfers under U.S. military sales contracts for exports and direct defense expenditures for imports.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, series FT-900(97).

No. 1318. U.S. Exports and General Imports in Goods: 1970 to 1997

[In billions of dollars. Domestic and foreign exports, are f.a.s. value basis; general imports are on customs value basis]

YEARTOTAL GOODS 1 MANUFACTURED

GOODS 2 3AGRICULTURAL

PRODCTS 4 MINERAL FUELS 3 5

Exports Imports Bal-ance Exports Imports Bal-

ance Exports Imports Bal-ance Exports Imports Balance

1970 . . . . . 43.8 40.4 3.4 31.7 27.3 4.4 7.3 5.8 1.6 1.6 3.1 -1.51971 . . . . . 44.7 46.2 -1.5 32.9 32.1 0.8 7.8 5.8 2.0 1.5 3.7 -2.21972 . . . . . 50.5 56.4 -5.9 36.5 39.7 -3.2 9.5 6.5 3.0 1.6 4.8 -3.21973 . . . . . 72.5 70.5 2.0 48.5 47.1 1.3 17.9 8.5 9.4 1.7 8.2 -6.51974 . . . . . 100.0 102.6 -2.5 68.5 57.8 10.7 22.3 10.4 11.9 3.4 25.5 -22.0

1975 . . . . . 109.3 98.5 10.8 76.9 54.0 22.9 22.1 9.5 12.6 4.5 26.5 -22.01976 . . . . . 117.0 123.5 -6.5 83.1 67.6 15.5 23.3 11.2 12.1 4.2 34.0 -29.81977 . . . . . 123.2 151.0 -27.8 88.9 80.5 8.4 24.2 13.6 10.6 4.2 47.2 -43.01978 . . . . . 145.9 174.8 -28.8 103.6 104.3 -0.7 29.8 15.0 14.8 3.9 42.0 -38.11979 . . . . . 186.5 209.5 -22.9 132.7 117.1 15.6 35.2 16.9 18.3 5.7 59.9 -54.2

1980 . . . . . 225.7 245.3 -19.5 160.7 133.0 27.7 41.8 17.4 24.3 8.2 78.9 -70.71981 . . . . . 238.7 261.0 -22.3 171.7 149.8 22.0 43.8 17.2 26.6 10.3 81.2 -70.91982 . . . . . 216.4 244.0 -27.5 155.3 151.7 3.6 37.0 15.7 21.3 12.8 65.3 -52.51983 . . . . . 205.6 258.0 -52.4 148.5 171.2 -22.7 36.5 16.5 19.9 9.8 57.8 -48.01983 . . . . . 205.6 258.0 -52.4 148.7 170.9 -22.2 36.1 16.0 20.2 9.8 57.8 -48.01984 . . . . . 224.0 330.7 -106.7 164.1 230.9 -66.8 37.9 19.3 18.6 9.7 60.8 -51.1

1985 . . . . . 218.8 336.5 -117.7 168.0 257.5 -89.5 29.3 19.5 9.8 10.3 53.7 -43.41986 . . . . . 227.2 365.4 -138.3 179.8 296.7 -116.8 26.3 20.9 5.4 8.4 37.2 -28.81987 . . . . . 254.1 406.2 -152.1 199.9 324.4 -124.6 28.7 20.3 8.4 8.0 44.1 -36.11988 . . . . . 322.4 441.0 -118.5 255.6 361.4 -105.7 37.1 20.7 16.4 8.5 41.0 -32.51989 . . . . . 363.8 473.2 -109.4 287.0 379.4 -92.4 41.6 21.1 20.5 9.9 52.6 -42.7

1990 . . . . . 393.6 495.3 -101.7 315.4 388.8 -73.5 39.6 22.3 17.2 12.4 64.7 -52.31991 . . . . . 421.7 488.5 -66.7 345.1 392.4 -47.3 39.4 22.1 17.2 12.3 54.1 -41.81992 . . . . . 448.2 532.7 -84.5 368.5 434.3 -65.9 43.1 23.4 19.8 11.3 55.3 -43.91993 . . . . . 465.1 580.7 -115.6 388.7 479.9 -91.2 42.8 23.6 19.2 9.9 55.9 -46.01994 . . . . . 512.6 663.3 -150.6 431.1 557.3 -126.3 45.9 26.0 20.0 9.0 56.4 -47.4

1995 . . . . . 584.7 743.4 -158.7 486.7 629.7 -143.0 56.0 29.3 26.8 10.5 59.1 -48.61996 . . . . . 625.1 795.3 -170.2 524.7 658.8 -134.1 60.6 32.6 28.1 12.4 78.1 -65.71997 . . . . . 689.2 870.7 -181.5 592.5 728.9 -136.4 57.1 35.2 21.9 13.0 78.3 -65.3

1Includes nonmonetary gold, military grant aid, special category shipments, trade between the U.S. Virgin Islands and foreigncountries and undocumented exports to Canada. Adjustments were also made for carryover. Import values are based ontransaction prices whenever possible (‘‘f.a.s.’’ for 1974-79 and Customs value thereafter). Import data before 1974 do not exist ona transaction price valuation basis. 2Manufactured goods include commodity sections 5-9 under Schedules A and E for 1970-82and SITC Rev. 3 for 1983-forward. Manufactures include undocumented exports to Canada, nonmonetary gold (excluding gold ore,scrap, and base bullion), and special category shipments. 3Data for 1970-80 exclude trade between the U.S. Virgin Islands andforeign countries. Census data concordances link the 1980-92 trade figures into time series that are as consistent as possible. Datafor 1970-79 are not linked and are from published sources. Import values are ‘‘f.a.s.’’ for 1974-79 and Customs value thereafter;these values are based on transaction prices while maintaining a data series as consistent as possible over time. Import databefore 1974 do not exist on a transaction price valuation basis. 1991 imports include revisions for passenger cars, trucks,petroleum and petroleum products not included elsewhere; see footnote 7 on page 18 for more details. 4Agricultural productsfor 1983-forward utilize the latest census definition that excludes manufactured goods that were previously classified asmanufactured agricultural products. 5Mineral fuels include commodity section 3 under SITC Rev. 1 for 1970-76, SITC Rev. 2 for1977-82 and SITC Rev. 3 for 1983-forward.

Source: U.S. International Trade Administration, through 1996, U.S. Foreign Trade Highlights, annual; and thereafter, releasedate: June 30, 1998; http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea/usfth/t03.prn>.



No. 1319. U.S. Exports and Imports for Consumption of Merchandise,by Major Customs District: 1980 to 1997

[In billions of dollars. Exports are f.a.s. (free alongside ship) value all years; imports are on customs value basis]

CUSTOMS DISTRICTEXPORTS IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION

1980 1990 1995 1996 1997 1980 1990 1995 1996 1997

Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 220.8 393.0 584.7 625.1 689.2 244.0 490.6 738.6 789.9 862.7Anchorage, AK . . . . . . . . . 1.0 3.7 5.9 6.1 7.6 0.2 0.7 5.7 6.9 7.2Baltimore, MD . . . . . . . . . 9.0 6.7 9.0 8.3 7.6 6.0 11.2 14.4 14.0 14.7Boston, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 5.6 4.6 5.0 5.7 5.0 12.2 13.4 13.7 14.7Buffalo, NY . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 15.8 30.5 32.3 39.2 7.4 19.2 29.1 29.3 30.6Charleston, SC 2 . . . . . . . 3.1 6.7 10.1 10.8 12.3 1.8 6.8 10.4 11.6 12.3Chicago, IL . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 10.2 18.4 18.7 19.6 4.1 18.3 31.3 33.5 37.1Cleveland, OH . . . . . . . . . 1.8 4.0 7.8 10.2 14.0 1.5 11.3 21.7 23.6 26.2Dallas/Fort Worth, TX . . . . 0.5 3.4 4.4 3.8 5.3 1.2 4.8 8.8 9.8 11.4Detroit, MI . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 35.6 56.8 60.8 66.7 12.7 37.8 64.7 69.4 76.4Duluth, MN . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 0.8 1.4 1.5 1.4 3.0 3.9 6.0 6.5 6.5El Paso, TX . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 3.9 7.9 9.6 10.2 1.4 5.0 12.9 13.6 14.9Great Falls, MT . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.2 4.3 3.2 4.7 6.9 8.0 8.9Honolulu, HI. . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.5 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.7 2.7 2.7Houston/Galveston, TX . . . 15.7 17.6 27.4 27.1 28.5 20.1 21.6 23.4 28.2 28.9Laredo, TX . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 15.2 24.3 29.7 39.1 2.7 10.0 24.7 31.9 38.1Los Angeles, CA. . . . . . . . 14.8 42.1 67.0 69.0 74.2 20.0 64.1 96.3 99.9 110.3Miami, FL . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 11.2 22.7 24.5 29.5 2.6 7.1 11.9 13.5 16.2Milwaukee, WI . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.5Minneapolis, MN. . . . . . . . 0.1 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.6 0.3 2.0 2.8 3.3 3.7Mobile, AL 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 1.9 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.9 4.8New Orleans, LA . . . . . . . 19.5 18.0 28.4 31.0 30.4 22.5 24.1 34.4 35.4 35.4New York, NY . . . . . . . . . 38.9 50.9 61.4 61.9 67.1 43.4 68.0 87.6 93.4 103.1Nogales, AZ. . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 2.1 4.0 4.2 4.9 1.2 4.2 7.7 7.2 8.6Norfolk, VA 2 . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 11.7 14.4 15.2 16.1 4.7 7.4 8.6 9.4 9.9Ogdensburg, NY. . . . . . . . 3.8 7.9 9.2 9.9 10.6 4.6 9.8 14.4 15.9 17.4Pembina, ND . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 3.4 5.5 5.9 7.1 3.0 4.1 7.2 7.4 7.7Philadelphia, PA . . . . . . . . 3.2 4.0 6.7 9.2 7.7 15.6 18.3 18.3 19.0 19.0Port Arthur, TX . . . . . . . . . 2.0 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.3 9.4 3.2 4.8 6.0 6.4Portland, ME . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.6 4.3 4.4 5.2 5.3Portland, OR . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 5.8 10.2 10.0 8.5 2.6 5.6 7.9 7.5 9.6Providence, RI . . . . . . . . . 2.7 (Z) 0.1 (Z) 0.1 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.3San Diego, CA . . . . . . . . . 1.4 3.4 6.1 7.5 9.0 1.0 4.3 8.9 11.0 14.0San Francisco, CA . . . . . . 10.6 23.1 43.7 47.8 48.1 8.3 28.0 58.8 57.7 58.7San Juan, PR . . . . . . . . . 0.9 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.8 3.7 5.4 6.8 7.2 8.0Savannah, GA . . . . . . . . . 2.4 7.4 10.9 10.9 13.4 2.2 9.8 14.7 16.1 18.0Seattle, WA . . . . . . . . . . . 12.0 32.6 31.4 37.1 44.8 9.2 20.9 24.1 25.1 30.1St. Albans, VT . . . . . . . . . 0.7 4.0 4.4 4.1 3.0 1.6 5.2 7.4 7.9 8.1St. Louis, MO. . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.6 1.3 0.9 3.0 4.4 4.8 5.7Tampa, FL. . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 4.3 6.7 6.9 7.4 3.7 7.0 9.2 9.2 9.4Virgin Islands of the U.S. . . 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.1 2.1 2.1 2.8 3.3Washington, DC . . . . . . . . 0.3 1.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.6Wilmington, NC . . . . . . . . 1.3 3.0 4.4 4.2 4.0 1.1 3.3 7.4 7.6 8.9

Z Less than $50 million. 1 Totals shown for exports reflect the value of estimated parcel post and Special Categoryshipments, and beginning 1990, adjustments for undocumented exports to Canada which are not distributed by customs district.Beginning 1990, the value of bituminous coal exported through Norfolk, VA; Charleston, SC; and Mobile, AL is reflected in the totalbut not distributed by district. 2 Beginning 1990, excludes exports of bituminous coal.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980, Highlights of U.S. Export and Import Trade, FT 990; 1990, U.S. Merchandise Trade:Selected Highlights, series FT 920, monthly; and beginning 1995, U.S. Export History and U.S. Import History on compact disc.

No. 1320. Export and Import Unit Value Indexes—Selected Countries: 1992 to 1996

[The complete publication including this copyright table is available from the U.S. Government Printing Officeand the National Technical Information Service]



No. 1321. U.S. Exports , by State of Origin : 1990 to 1997[In million s of dollars . Exports are on a f.a.s. value basis]

STATE AND OTHERAREA 1990 1996

1997

Total Rank

Tota l . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394,045 624,767 688,896 (X)

Unite d States . . . . 315,065 555,960 615,788 (X)Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . 2,834 5,170 5,932 26Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,850 2,879 2,721 34Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,729 10,503 13,820 14Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . 920 2,003 2,305 35California. . . . . . . . . . . 44,520 93,418 99,161 1Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . 2,274 4,883 5,120 28Connecticut . . . . . . . . . 4,356 6,100 7,058 24Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . 1,344 1,594 2,067 38District of Columbia . . . . 320 305 485 (X)Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,634 20,744 23,234 8

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . 5,763 10,982 12,949 15Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 284 334 50Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 1,571 1,664 42Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,965 24,176 26,455 6Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,273 10,984 12,029 17Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,189 4,400 5,118 29Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,113 3,784 4,292 30Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . 3,175 6,385 7,953 22Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . 14,199 21,667 18,732 9Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870 1,380 1,723 41

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . 2,592 5,019 5,214 27Massachusetts . . . . . . . 9,501 14,524 16,526 10Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . 18,474 27,553 32,254 5Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . 5,091 8,992 9,447 19Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . 1,605 2,623 2,290 36Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . 3,130 5,404 6,724 25

STATE AND OTHERAREA 1990 1996

1997

Total Rank

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . 229 440 530 48Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . 693 1,907 1,971 39Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . 394 1,268 1,075 45New Hampshire . . . . . . 973 1,481 1,597 43

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . 7,633 13,119 15,167 13New Mexico. . . . . . . . . 249 931 1,776 40New York . . . . . . . . . . 22,072 34,230 37,979 3North Carolina . . . . . . . 8,010 15,734 16,402 11North Dakota . . . . . . . . 360 707 778 46Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,378 22,677 24,903 7Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . 1,646 2,365 2,728 33Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,065 8,948 9,151 21Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . 8,491 14,364 16,069 12Rhode Island . . . . . . . . 595 919 1,088 44

South Carolina . . . . . . . 3,116 6,698 7,517 23South Dakota. . . . . . . . 205 443 517 49Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . 3,746 8,094 9,233 20Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,931 66,862 76,184 2Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,596 3,296 3,239 32Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . 1,154 3,302 3,811 31Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,333 12,215 12,755 16Washington . . . . . . . . . 24,432 26,482 32,752 4West Virginia . . . . . . . . 1,550 2,169 2,276 37Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . 5,158 9,504 10,125 18Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . 264 481 560 47

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . 3,600 5,134 5,601 (X)Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . 51 184 233 (X)Other 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,328 63,490 67,275 (X)

X Not applicable. 1 Includes unreported, not specified, special category, estimated shipments, foreign trade zone,re-exports, and any timing adjustments.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Merchandise Trade, series FT 900, December issues.

No. 1322. U.S. Exportin g Companie s Profile , by Compan y Type andEmployment-Size-Class : 1987 and 1992

COMPANY TYPE ANDEMPLOYMENT-SIZE-CLASS

NUMBER OFEXPORTERS

KNOWN EXPORTVALUE 1

(mil. dol.)

PERCENT OF—

Number ofexporters Known export value

1987 1992 1987 1992 1987 1992 1987 1992

Al l companies , tota l . . . . . . . . . . 69,354 112,854 159,913 348,960 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0\No employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,351 15,534 8,293 9,178 12.0 13.8 5.2 2.61 to 19 employees. . . . . . . . . . . 30,818 51,186 11,911 29,397 44.4 45.4 7.4 8.420 to 49 employees . . . . . . . . . . 11,619 18,501 5,058 17,005 16.8 16.4 3.2 4.950 to 99 employees . . . . . . . . . . 6,911 10,505 5,235 13,840 10.0 9.3 3.3 4.0100 to 249 employees . . . . . . . . 5,703 8,679 6,100 18,371 8.2 7.7 3.8 5.3250 to 499 employees . . . . . . . . 2,469 3,621 5,616 15,055 3.6 3.2 3.5 4.3500 or more employees . . . . . . . 3,483 4,828 117,700 246,114 5.0 4.3 73.6 70.5

Manufacturer s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,127 42,763 115,740 241,522 42.0 37.9 72.4 69.2No employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,561 1,949 1,565 1,971 2.3 1.7 1.0 0.61 to 19 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,998 12,342 810 2,534 11.5 10.9 0.5 0.720 to 49 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,301 9,949 1,115 4,217 9.1 8.8 0.7 1.250 to 99 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,523 6,781 1,639 4,897 6.5 6.0 1.0 1.4100 to 249 employees . . . . . . . . . . . 4,182 5,999 3,376 9,809 6.0 5.3 2.1 2.8250 to 499 employees . . . . . . . . . . . 1,881 2,594 3,130 8,990 2.7 2.3 2.0 2.6500 or more employees . . . . . . . . . . 2,681 3,149 104,105 209,104 3.9 2.8 65.1 59.9

Wholesaler s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,114 39,713 25,471 50,989 33.3 35.2 15.9 14.6No employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,859 4,503 1,166 1,882 2.7 4.0 0.7 0.51 to 19 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,697 25,296 7,358 16,730 21.2 22.4 4.6 4.820 to 49 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,583 5,673 3,100 7,128 5.2 5.0 1.9 2.050 to 99 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,546 2,182 3,064 5,419 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.6100 to 249 employees . . . . . . . . . . . 869 1,338 2,042 4,820 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4250 to 499 employees . . . . . . . . . . . 305 406 1,543 1,942 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.6500 or more employees . . . . . . . . . . 255 315 7,197 13,068 0.4 0.3 4.5 3.7

Other companie s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,907 26,910 15,267 53,158 22.9 23.8 9.5 15.2No employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,972 6,030 2,221 2,754 5.7 5.3 1.4 0.81 to 19 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,975 13,364 3,714 9,934 11.5 11.8 2.3 2.820 to 49 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,706 2,826 835 5,625 2.5 2.5 0.5 1.650 to 99 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 1,488 524 3,380 1.2 1.3 0.3 1.0100 to 249 employees . . . . . . . . . . . 622 1,271 666 3,547 0.9 1.1 0.4 1.0250 to 499 employees . . . . . . . . . . . 270 586 924 3,998 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.1500 or more employees . . . . . . . . . . 537 1,345 6,384 23,921 0.8 1.2 4.0 6.9

Unclassified companies . . . . . . . . . 1,206 3,468 3,436 3,291 1.7 3.1 2.1 0.9

1 Known value is defined as the value of exports by known exporters, i.e., those export transactions that could be matchedto specific companies. Export values are on f.a.s. or ‘‘free alongside ship basis.’’ Total export value was $251 billion in 1987 and$448 billion in 1992.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, A Profile of U.S. Exporting Companies, 1992, CB-97-135 press release.



No. 1323. U.S. Exports, Imports, and Merchandise Trade Balance, by Country: 1993 to 1997

[In millions of dollars. Includes silver ore and bullion. Country totals include exports of special category commodities, if any. Data include nonmonetary gold and includes trade of Virgin Islandswith foreign countries, see footnote 2 for exception. Minus sign (-) denotes an excess of imports over exports]

COUNTRYEXPORTS, DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN GENERAL IMPORTS 1 MERCHANDISE TRADE BALANCE

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465,091.0 512,626.5 584,742.0 625,075.0 689,182.4 580,659.4 663,255.7 743,542.8 795,289.3 870,670.7 -115,568.4 -150,629.2 -158,800.8 -170,214.3 -181,488.2

Afghanistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 5.4 4.1 16.9 11.5 2.8 6.1 5.4 16.4 10.0 6.7 -0.6 -1.3 0.5 1.5Albania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 16.0 13.5 12.1 3.1 7.5 6.1 9.5 10.3 11.7 26.8 9.9 4.0 1.7 -8.6Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938.0 1,191.5 774.0 635.2 691.6 1,583.0 1,526.9 1,749.5 2,125.7 2,439.5 -644.9 -335.4 -975.5 -1,490.5 -1,747.9Andorra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 4.8 16.4 24.5 21.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 2.5 0.3 14.5 4.7 16.2 22.0 21.4Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.8 197.3 259.6 268.3 280.6 2,092.2 2,061.3 2,232.3 2,901.5 2,779.1 -1,918.4 -1,864.0 -1,972.6 -2,633.2 -2,498.6Anguilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 12.8 14.6 12.8 18.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.7 13.9 12.5 14.5 12.0 17.4Antigua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.0 64.8 97.1 82.4 84.5 14.6 5.3 3.1 8.9 4.8 58.4 59.5 94.1 73.5 79.6Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,775.7 4,461.6 4,189.2 4,516.8 5,810.0 1,205.7 1,725.4 1,760.9 2,279.2 2,228.2 2,570.0 2,736.2 2,428.3 2,237.6 3,581.8Armenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 73.9 70.4 57.4 62.1 0.7 1.0 16.2 1.5 6.0 77.1 73.0 54.2 56.0 56.1Aruba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.8 273.6 247.4 234.6 238.4 457.0 461.2 420.6 558.1 610.2 -191.2 -187.5 -173.2 -323.5 -371.8Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,276.5 9,780.5 10,789.1 12,008.4 12,062.9 3,297.3 3,202.0 3,322.9 3,868.9 4,602.3 4,979.2 6,578.5 7,466.2 8,139.6 7,460.6Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,325.8 1,371.7 2,017.2 2,009.8 2,074.7 1,410.7 1,749.7 1,963.3 2,200.3 2,368.4 -85.0 -378.0 53.9 -190.5 -293.7Azerbaijan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 27.4 35.6 54.0 62.3 0.2 0.3 0.8 4.5 5.7 36.4 27.1 34.8 49.5 56.6Bahamas, The . . . . . . . . . . . 704.4 684.9 661.3 726.0 809.5 328.4 202.8 156.5 164.9 154.9 376.0 482.0 504.8 561.1 654.6Bahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636.0 443.9 254.9 244.2 406.1 97.1 147.5 134.2 116.3 116.4 538.8 296.4 120.8 127.9 289.8Bangladesh. . . . . . . . . . . . . 254.5 232.1 325.1 210.1 259.0 886.5 1,080.1 1,257.2 1,343.0 1,679.4 -632.0 -848.0 -932.2 -1,132.9 -1,420.4Barbados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.5 161.1 185.7 222.5 280.9 34.1 34.5 37.7 41.2 42.1 111.4 126.6 148.0 181.3 238.7Byelarus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.2 46.4 48.0 53.1 40.6 33.9 53.5 44.9 52.2 66.0 58.2 -7.1 3.1 0.9 -25.4Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,878.4 10,939.3 12,465.5 12,532.2 13,420.3 5,149.1 6,354.3 6,053.9 6,775.7 7,911.9 3,729.4 4,585.0 6,411.6 5,756.6 5,508.4Belize. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.6 115.2 99.8 106.6 114.8 53.7 50.8 52.2 68.2 77.3 82.0 64.4 47.6 38.5 37.5Benin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 25.9 34.1 27.4 51.6 15.8 10.1 9.8 13.6 7.7 6.5 15.8 24.3 13.8 43.9Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.8 299.9 298.5 281.9 338.1 14.6 9.1 10.3 11.5 29.8 250.2 290.8 288.2 270.4 308.2Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218.2 184.9 213.5 269.5 295.1 190.8 260.3 262.5 275.2 223.3 27.4 -75.4 -49.0 -5.7 71.9Bosnia and Hercegovina . . . . 24.8 39.0 28.4 58.8 102.5 7.2 4.5 3.3 10.1 8.3 17.6 34.5 25.1 48.6 94.2Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 22.7 35.8 28.9 43.1 8.0 13.6 21.2 27.0 24.6 16.9 9.1 14.5 1.9 18.5Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,058.0 8,101.6 11,439.4 12,717.5 15,914.7 7,478.8 8,682.6 8,832.9 8,773.4 9,625.5 -1,420.8 -581.0 2,606.6 3,944.2 6,289.2British Virgin Islands . . . . . . . 46.1 47.1 49.3 53.9 64.6 14.1 14.6 11.4 6.6 13.1 31.9 32.5 37.9 47.3 51.5Brunei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.5 375.8 189.9 374.7 178.1 30.2 45.6 38.3 48.3 55.8 442.4 330.3 151.6 326.4 122.3Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 110.0 131.8 137.5 109.6 158.9 215.5 188.5 126.5 171.4 -43.6 -105.5 -56.7 11.0 -61.8Burkina Faso. . . . . . . . . . . . 17.7 7.3 14.6 10.4 18.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.9 1.0 17.3 6.8 14.2 6.5 17.3Cameroon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 53.7 45.5 71.3 121.4 101.1 55.0 57.3 64.5 57.2 -52.6 -1.3 -11.7 6.8 64.3Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,443.7 114,438.5 127,226.1 134,210.3 151,766.7 111,216.4 128,405.9 144,369.8 155,892.6 168,200.9 -10,772.7 -13,967.4 -17,143.7 -21,682.3 -16,434.2Cayman Islands . . . . . . . . . . 164.3 202.2 180.3 208.0 270.3 34.7 52.5 18.3 16.9 19.6 129.6 149.6 162.0 191.2 250.7Chad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.5 10.8 3.4 3.1 0.3 1.8 3.2 7.1 2.9 7.5 5.7 7.6 -3.7 0.2Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,598.5 2,773.8 3,614.9 4,139.5 4,368.4 1,462.0 1,820.5 1,930.8 2,262.2 2,293.1 1,136.5 953.3 1,684.1 1,877.3 2,075.3China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,762.8 9,281.8 11,753.6 11,992.6 12,862.3 31,539.9 38,786.7 45,543.2 51,512.6 62,557.6 -22,777.1 -29,504.9 -33,789.6 -39,520.0 -49,695.3Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,234.5 4,064.3 4,624.4 4,714.3 5,197.0 3,031.6 3,171.0 3,791.1 4,423.8 4,737.3 202.9 893.3 833.3 290.5 459.7Congo (Brazzaville) . . . . . . . 27.4 38.0 54.7 62.9 74.7 500.0 403.4 206.9 315.3 471.5 -472.6 -365.5 -152.2 -252.4 -396.8Congo (Kinshawa) . . . . . . . . 35.4 39.5 77.1 73.3 37.8 238.1 179.6 266.9 258.7 281.8 -202.7 -140.1 -189.9 -185.3 -244.0Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,542.2 1,870.0 1,736.5 1,816.4 2,024.4 1,541.4 1,647.1 1,843.1 1,974.2 2,323.2 0.8 222.9 -106.6 -157.9 -298.8Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.4 146.8 139.9 106.0 138.7 106.0 114.7 93.7 71.2 82.8 -2.7 32.0 46.2 34.8 55.9Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.8 208.8 257.8 256.9 244.5 15.6 17.9 13.0 17.4 16.4 122.2 190.9 244.8 239.6 228.1Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . 266.8 296.8 362.7 412.2 589.8 277.0 315.8 363.4 482.3 609.8 -10.2 -19.0 -0.7 -70.1 -20.0Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,091.8 1,214.8 1,517.7 1,731.0 1,756.9 1,664.0 2,121.6 1,945.0 2,141.5 2,137.7 -572.2 -906.8 -427.3 -410.5 -380.8


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No. 1323. U.S. Exports, Imports, and Merchandise Trade Balance, by Country: 1993 to 1997—Continued

[See headnote, page 801]

COUNTRYEXPORTS, DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN GENERAL IMPORTS MERCHANDISE TRADE BALANCE

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Djibouti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 6.7 8.5 8.3 7.3 - 0.1 - - - 13.2 6.7 8.4 8.3 7.3Dominica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.4 25.6 26.5 34.2 37.4 5.8 6.9 6.6 7.7 9.1 21.6 18.6 19.9 26.5 28.3Dominican Republic . . . . . . . . . . 2,349.8 2,798.8 3,014.9 3,190.5 3,924.0 2,671.7 3,090.6 3,399.0 3,574.8 4,326.8 -322.0 -291.8 -384.0 -384.3 -402.8Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100.0 1,194.6 1,538.3 1,258.5 1,525.9 1,399.4 1,726.2 1,939.9 1,958.1 2,054.8 -299.4 -531.6 -401.6 -699.6 -528.9Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,767.8 2,854.8 2,985.1 3,153.3 3,835.4 613.1 548.7 606.4 680.5 657.5 2,154.8 2,306.0 2,378.7 2,472.9 3,177.9El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873.3 931.2 1,110.6 1,074.5 1,400.1 487.8 609.2 812.2 975.4 1,346.2 385.5 322.0 298.4 99.1 53.8Estonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3 33.3 138.9 83.6 47.4 20.2 29.3 62.3 55.1 76.8 34.1 4.0 76.6 28.5 -29.3Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 143.8 147.5 148.1 121.2 12.2 - - - - 63.2 143.8 147.5 148.1 121.2Federated States of Micronesia . . 25.1 24.6 23.3 24.7 29.0 14.0 13.2 13.0 11.3 11.9 11.1 11.3 10.2 13.5 17.2Fiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 118.2 31.6 27.5 32.8 68.6 97.1 78.0 74.7 84.6 -41.8 21.1 -46.4 -47.2 -51.8Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.6 1,068.3 1,249.7 2,438.6 1,741.1 1,608.3 1,800.7 2,270.0 2,388.8 2,391.5 -760.7 -732.4 -1,020.3 49.8 -650.4France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,266.8 13,618.7 14,245.2 14,455.5 15,964.9 15,279.3 16,699.0 17,209.4 18,645.8 20,636.4 -2,012.5 -3,080.2 -2,964.3 -4,190.3 -4,671.5French Guiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.2 195.6 441.7 300.7 493.7 2.7 3.2 5.3 4.7 2.4 320.4 192.5 436.4 296.0 491.4French Polynesia . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.2 72.0 82.3 88.7 105.2 8.5 14.3 14.1 17.2 35.4 93.7 57.7 68.2 71.5 69.9Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 40.2 54.4 56.1 84.5 961.0 1,134.3 1,464.0 1,983.7 2,202.3 -912.8 -1,094.1 -1,409.6 -1,927.6 -2,117.7Gambia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 3.9 6.2 8.5 9.7 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.9 2.9 7.6 1.5 3.9 6.5 6.8Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 78.2 95.2 82.5 140.6 21.1 1.3 10.6 7.6 7.0 26.8 76.9 84.6 74.9 133.6Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,932.2 19,229.0 22,394.3 23,495.0 24,458.3 28,562.1 31,744.3 36,844.0 38,945.1 43,121.5 -9,629.9 -12,515.3 -14,449.8 -15,450.1 -18,663.2Ghana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.0 124.5 167.2 295.7 315.0 215.5 198.5 196.1 171.4 155.3 -0.5 -74.0 -28.9 124.3 159.8Gibraltar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 23.1 18.4 11.7 8.8 3.8 4.0 4.9 6.5 2.8 4.5 19.1 13.5 5.2 6.0Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880.4 829.0 1,518.8 824.5 949.3 347.5 455.3 397.3 506.0 453.2 532.8 373.7 1,121.5 318.5 496.2Greenland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 3.3 2.4 4.1 4.9 13.1 9.5 7.4 6.4 7.9 -10.4 -6.2 -5.0 -2.2 -3.0Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 23.5 26.8 35.7 40.6 8.1 7.2 5.3 3.6 6.5 15.8 16.2 21.5 32.1 34.1Guadeloupe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 51.2 69.3 66.0 57.6 4.8 1.9 1.2 1.4 3.5 43.7 49.3 68.0 64.6 54.1Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,312.3 1,352.2 1,646.6 1,566.1 1,729.6 1,194.4 1,282.7 1,526.7 1,678.5 1,990.2 117.9 69.5 119.9 -112.4 -260.6Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 49.8 66.7 87.1 82.8 117.3 92.1 99.0 116.5 127.7 -57.9 -42.3 -32.3 -29.4 -44.9Guyana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.4 109.8 141.2 136.9 142.5 90.7 98.0 107.4 109.5 112.8 31.8 11.7 33.8 27.4 29.7Haiti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228.5 204.5 550.2 474.8 499.1 154.2 58.7 129.8 143.6 188.2 74.3 145.8 420.4 331.3 310.9Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.9 1,011.8 1,278.9 1,642.6 2,018.9 913.9 1,097.6 1,441.3 1,795.4 2,322.2 -15.0 -85.8 -162.4 -152.8 -303.4Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,873.8 11,441.0 14,231.4 13,966.3 15,117.1 9,554.4 9,695.6 10,291.2 9,864.5 10,287.8 319.4 1,745.4 3,940.2 4,101.8 4,829.3Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434.8 309.0 295.3 330.7 485.5 400.5 470.3 547.0 676.2 1,078.9 34.3 -161.3 -251.7 -345.5 -593.5Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.9 111.8 170.6 257.1 179.2 232.6 248.7 232.7 236.0 230.8 -85.6 -136.9 -62.2 21.2 -51.6India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,778.1 2,294.0 3,295.8 3,328.3 3,607.6 4,553.7 5,309.5 5,726.2 6,169.5 7,322.4 -1,775.6 -3,015.5 -2,430.5 -2,841.2 -3,714.8Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,770.3 2,808.8 3,359.6 3,976.8 4,522.3 5,435.4 6,546.9 7,435.3 8,249.9 9,188.4 -2,665.1 -3,738.2 -4,075.7 -4,273.1 -4,666.1Iran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.2 328.9 277.3 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.9 0.2 - 0.1 616.0 328.0 277.1 0.3 1.0Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 0.8 0.2 2.8 82.0 - - - - 311.9 4.0 0.8 0.2 2.8 -229.9Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,728.4 3,418.6 4,108.8 3,668.7 4,642.2 2,519.4 2,893.5 4,078.7 4,803.9 5,866.6 209.0 525.2 30.1 -1,135.2 -1,224.4Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,429.1 4,995.8 5,621.1 6,011.9 5,994.9 4,420.2 5,229.4 5,708.7 6,433.6 7,326.0 8.8 -233.6 -87.6 -421.7 -1,331.0Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,463.8 7,182.7 8,861.6 8,797.1 8,994.7 13,215.6 14,802.2 16,348.3 18,324.8 19,407.5 -6,751.9 -7,619.4 -7,486.7 -9,527.8 -10,412.8Ivory Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.6 111.2 173.2 141.1 150.9 178.3 185.4 214.1 397.4 289.0 -89.6 -74.2 -40.9 -256.3 -138.1Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,116.2 1,065.5 1,420.4 1,491.0 1,416.5 719.7 746.6 847.0 838.2 738.0 396.5 318.9 573.4 652.9 678.4Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,891.5 53,487.7 64,342.6 67,606.8 65,548.5 107,246.4 119,155.7 123,479.1 115,187.0 121,663.2 -59,354.9 -65,668.0 -59,136.5 -47,580.2 -56,114.8Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.5 287.3 335.3 345.2 402.5 18.7 29.0 28.8 25.2 25.3 341.8 258.3 306.5 320.1 377.1Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 130.2 80.9 138.3 346.3 41.3 62.3 122.9 121.2 128.9 26.8 67.9 -42.1 17.2 217.4Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.1 169.6 114.0 104.6 225.3 92.4 108.8 101.5 106.5 114.0 38.8 60.8 12.5 -2.0 111.4Kiribati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7 23.4 2.3 4.2 2.7 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.7 29.2 22.4 1.1 3.0 1.0


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1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999.4 1,175.9 1,437.3 1,983.6 1,390.0 1,818.5 1,457.5 1,335.5 1,651.2 1,816.4 -819.0 -281.5 101.8 332.4 -426.4Kyrgyzstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.4 6.0 24.7 46.9 28.4 2.0 7.7 8.3 5.0 2.4 16.4 -1.8 16.3 41.9 25.9Latvia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.5 101.1 89.5 166.6 217.8 22.4 41.4 81.9 102.9 145.1 67.1 59.7 7.6 63.7 72.7Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.3 442.0 592.3 627.0 551.9 26.8 25.4 35.1 41.5 77.8 350.5 416.6 557.2 585.6 474.2Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 3.4 2.0 2.6 2.4 55.7 63.0 62.1 65.4 86.5 -48.3 -59.6 -60.2 -62.7 -84.2Liberia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 46.4 41.7 49.8 42.9 3.1 3.5 9.8 26.9 4.8 35.8 42.9 31.9 22.9 38.1Liechtenstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 13.9 14.9 8.9 12.5 100.2 98.3 126.2 91.1 116.5 -89.3 -84.4 -111.3 -82.3 -104.0Lithuania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 41.2 52.0 62.9 87.4 16.2 15.3 26.4 34.4 79.8 40.8 25.9 25.6 28.6 7.6Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560.4 228.4 374.4 242.2 712.1 253.0 287.5 234.0 203.8 238.8 307.4 -59.1 140.4 38.3 473.2Macau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 21.2 29.9 29.8 65.0 668.5 791.3 895.3 857.6 1,021.0 -641.0 -770.1 -865.5 -827.9 -956.0Macedonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 14.0 21.3 14.4 33.8 111.4 82.1 88.8 124.8 147.1 -100.0 -68.1 -67.6 -110.5 -113.3Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 47.9 10.0 11.5 11.5 42.8 57.1 57.3 45.5 62.6 -31.9 -9.2 -47.3 -34.0 -51.0Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 18.7 17.8 13.3 17.6 57.8 56.5 40.9 72.5 82.8 -32.0 -37.8 -23.1 -59.2 -65.3Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,064.4 6,969.0 8,816.1 8,546.2 10,780.0 10,563.0 13,981.7 17,454.7 17,828.8 18,026.7 -4,498.6 -7,012.6 -8,638.6 -9,282.6 -7,246.7Mali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 19.0 23.2 18.4 26.2 1.2 6.1 3.6 4.9 3.8 31.4 13.0 19.6 13.5 22.3Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.6 87.6 106.7 125.2 120.9 103.6 95.7 132.4 208.6 223.6 68.0 -8.0 -25.8 -83.5 -102.7Marshall Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 33.1 31.7 29.4 23.6 11.5 8.0 11.0 3.9 7.3 24.1 25.2 20.6 25.5 16.3Martinique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.5 31.1 38.4 35.3 33.9 1.1 3.5 2.1 1.0 2.4 31.4 27.5 36.3 34.3 31.4Mauritania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 14.0 43.1 15.1 20.9 6.5 3.5 5.5 5.3 0.2 13.3 10.5 37.6 9.8 20.6Mauritius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 23.7 24.7 25.2 31.4 197.9 216.6 229.7 217.0 238.4 -179.9 -192.9 -204.9 -191.8 -207.0Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,581.1 50,843.5 46,292.1 56,791.5 71,388.4 39,917.4 49,493.8 62,100.6 74,297.3 85,937.5 1,663.7 1,349.7 -15,808.6 -17,505.8 -14,549.1Moldova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 23.4 10.2 21.6 19.7 0.4 3.0 24.8 29.7 53.7 30.8 20.4 -14.6 -8.1 -34.0Monaco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.6 9.5 3.1 6.9 16.1 17.5 12.2 15.9 19.6 -10.2 -11.9 -2.7 -12.8 -12.7Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600.1 408.7 517.4 476.3 434.7 184.9 192.0 239.3 247.1 295.9 415.2 216.7 278.1 229.2 138.9Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 39.4 49.3 23.0 45.6 8.7 15.3 27.6 26.6 30.5 50.3 24.1 21.7 -3.5 15.1Namibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 16.4 26.5 22.7 25.0 22.1 27.8 11.5 27.1 63.0 -0.6 -11.4 15.0 -4.5 -38.1Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,838.5 13,581.6 16,557.7 16,662.6 19,826.7 5,443.3 6,006.8 6,405.0 6,583.1 7,292.8 7,395.2 7,574.8 10,152.7 10,079.4 12,533.8Netherlands Antilles . . . . . . . . . . 519.2 521.0 504.0 529.6 475.2 396.6 425.3 289.9 684.8 579.8 122.6 95.7 214.1 -155.2 -104.6New Caledonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 27.3 22.4 28.7 34.4 24.3 22.7 40.2 54.8 51.9 -1.8 4.7 -17.8 -26.1 -17.5New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,248.6 1,507.8 1,691.4 1,728.5 1,962.1 1,207.6 1,421.1 1,451.8 1,463.2 1,579.2 41.0 86.6 239.6 265.4 382.9Nicaragua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.2 185.7 249.7 262.3 289.8 128.4 167.2 238.7 350.4 439.3 21.9 18.5 11.0 -88.1 -149.5Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3 12.0 39.5 27.2 24.8 3.0 2.4 1.6 0.7 29.8 13.3 9.6 38.0 26.5 -5.0Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.7 509.1 602.8 818.4 813.1 5,301.4 4,429.9 4,930.4 5,978.3 6,349.4 -4,406.7 -3,920.9 -4,327.7 -5,159.9 -5,536.4Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,212.4 1,267.3 1,293.0 1,559.0 1,721.3 1,957.5 2,353.4 3,086.7 3,992.5 3,752.0 -745.1 -1,086.1 -1,793.7 -2,433.5 -2,030.7Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.4 219.1 222.0 216.8 340.8 277.2 458.3 294.9 414.4 242.4 -25.8 -239.2 -72.9 -197.7 98.4Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811.3 718.3 941.2 1,271.4 1,240.1 897.2 1,011.6 1,197.1 1,265.7 1,442.2 -85.9 -293.3 -255.8 5.7 -202.2Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,187.4 1,277.0 1,389.6 1,380.5 1,536.1 279.7 322.4 307.1 346.1 367.2 907.7 954.6 1,082.5 1,034.4 1,168.9Papua New Guinea . . . . . . . . . . 50.4 65.7 50.8 69.2 116.6 97.9 114.8 50.1 85.6 64.5 -47.4 -49.1 0.7 -16.4 52.1Paraguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521.1 787.6 992.4 897.5 913.4 49.6 80.1 55.0 42.3 40.7 471.5 707.5 937.4 855.2 872.8Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,071.9 1,407.5 1,775.3 1,773.8 1,953.3 753.9 841.1 1,034.5 1,260.9 1,772.3 318.0 566.4 740.8 512.9 181.0Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,529.2 3,886.0 5,294.8 6,142.4 7,417.3 4,893.6 5,719.1 7,006.5 8,161.4 10,445.0 -1,364.4 -1,833.0 -1,711.7 -2,019.0 -3,027.6Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.6 625.2 776.1 968.3 1,169.9 453.8 651.2 663.9 627.9 695.6 457.8 -26.0 112.2 340.4 474.4Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726.5 1,054.3 898.1 960.7 954.2 785.2 898.5 1,056.6 1,016.5 1,138.0 -58.7 155.8 -158.5 -55.8 -183.8Qatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.4 161.9 225.9 207.7 379.0 65.3 80.9 90.9 157.1 157.4 101.1 81.0 135.0 50.6 221.7Romania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.6 339.7 253.1 265.6 258.0 69.2 194.7 222.4 248.5 399.8 254.4 145.0 30.7 17.1 -141.8


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No. 1323. U.S. Exports, Imports, and Merchandise Trade Balance, by Country: 1993 to 1997—Continued

[See headnote, page 801]


1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,970.3 2,578.1 2,823.3 3,345.8 3,364.9 1,743.3 3,245.0 4,030.0 3,576.8 4,319.0 1,227.0 -666.9 -1,206.6 -231.0 -954.0Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,661.2 6,013.4 6,154.9 7,311.3 8,437.8 7,707.8 7,688.0 8,376.7 10,467.2 9,364.8 -1,046.6 -1,674.6 -2,221.8 -3,155.9 -927.0Senegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.3 42.4 67.9 55.8 51.8 7.6 11.3 5.0 5.5 6.8 62.7 31.2 62.9 50.3 44.9Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,678.0 13,019.9 15,333.2 16,720.0 17,696.2 12,798.2 15,357.7 18,560.5 20,343.1 20,074.6 -1,120.2 -2,337.8 -3,227.3 -3,623.1 -2,378.4Slovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 42.8 61.0 62.6 82.0 64.6 130.7 129.5 124.6 165.6 -30.7 -87.9 -68.5 -62.0 -83.6Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.4 29.9 8.1 4.2 2.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 46.1 29.7 7.9 4.1 2.4South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,188.4 2,172.3 2,750.6 3,111.9 2,997.2 1,844.8 2,030.5 2,208.0 2,323.3 2,510.1 343.7 141.8 542.6 788.5 487.2South Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,782.0 18,025.4 25,379.9 26,621.1 25,046.1 17,118.0 19,629.3 24,183.9 22,655.1 23,173.1 -2,336.0 -1,603.9 1,195.9 3,966.0 1,873.0Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,168.1 4,622.3 5,526.0 5,499.6 5,538.7 2,991.9 3,554.9 3,879.5 4,279.8 4,605.5 1,176.2 1,067.4 1,646.5 1,219.8 933.3Sri Lanka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.2 197.7 279.1 211.1 154.7 1,001.7 1,093.0 1,259.7 1,393.0 1,620.0 -798.5 -895.2 -980.5 -1,181.9 -1,465.3St. Lucia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.7 80.5 80.9 84.5 89.3 31.3 26.5 35.2 22.3 34.2 67.4 54.0 45.7 62.2 55.1St. Vincent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.7 38.2 42.2 45.0 54.4 4.9 5.4 7.8 6.8 4.3 32.8 32.7 34.4 38.2 50.0Sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 54.5 43.4 51.3 36.4 11.7 35.1 22.7 18.7 12.1 46.9 19.4 20.7 32.6 24.3Suriname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.4 121.8 189.7 222.7 183.0 58.3 43.3 100.2 96.6 91.5 56.1 78.5 89.5 126.0 91.5Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,353.7 2,518.4 3,079.8 3,430.5 3,314.1 4,533.7 5,040.9 6,256.4 7,152.7 7,298.9 -2,180.0 -2,522.5 -3,176.6 -3,722.2 -3,984.8Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,806.5 5,624.0 6,227.5 8,373.4 8,306.9 5,972.9 6,373.1 7,593.8 7,792.6 8,405.1 833.6 -749.1 -1,366.4 580.8 -98.2Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.5 197.9 223.4 226.3 180.4 130.4 64.3 61.2 15.2 27.9 56.1 133.6 162.1 211.1 152.6Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,167.8 17,108.8 19,289.6 18,460.2 20,365.7 25,101.5 26,705.8 28,971.8 29,907.3 32,628.5 -8,933.7 -9,597.0 -9,682.2 -11,447.1 -12,262.8Tajikistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 15.2 17.7 17.2 18.6 17.7 59.6 40.9 32.8 8.5 -6.1 -44.5 -23.2 -15.6 10.0Tanzania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.6 48.9 66.3 50.2 64.9 11.4 14.9 22.4 18.9 26.6 21.1 34.0 43.9 31.3 38.3Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,766.2 4,865.1 6,665.0 7,197.5 7,349.4 8,541.5 10,305.8 11,348.1 11,336.1 12,601.5 -4,775.4 -5,440.7 -4,683.1 -4,138.6 -5,252.1Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 12.4 18.5 20.0 25.6 3.4 4.1 3.5 4.2 9.4 9.4 8.4 15.1 15.8 16.2Trinidad and Tobago . . . . . . . . . . 528.6 540.5 689.2 665.5 1,105.9 802.7 1,113.2 1,086.2 1,313.2 1,134.3 -274.1 -572.7 -397.1 -647.7 -28.3Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.3 327.2 215.0 189.2 252.3 40.7 53.9 70.4 75.8 63.1 191.6 273.3 144.6 113.4 189.2Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,428.9 2,752.4 2,768.1 2,846.6 3,539.5 1,197.5 1,574.9 1,797.9 1,778.2 2,121.1 2,231.4 1,177.5 970.3 1,068.4 1,418.5Turkmenistan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.6 137.4 34.2 200.8 117.7 2.0 1.7 1.2 0.5 2.1 43.7 135.7 33.0 200.3 115.6Turks and Caicos Islands. . . . . . . 21.9 29.2 33.5 43.5 58.6 4.1 4.4 5.0 5.1 5.3 17.9 24.7 28.6 38.4 53.3Uganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 27.7 22.1 17.2 35.2 9.9 34.9 13.2 15.9 37.8 11.0 -7.1 8.9 1.3 -2.5Ukraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.3 180.3 223.4 395.1 402.9 165.5 323.4 405.6 506.9 410.0 144.8 -143.1 -182.2 -111.9 -7.1United Arab Emirates . . . . . . . . . 1,810.6 1,598.7 2,006.5 2,533.2 2,607.1 726.7 448.6 459.2 498.8 920.1 1,083.8 1,150.1 1,547.2 2,034.4 1,687.0United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,438.3 26,899.5 28,856.5 30,962.5 36,425.3 21,730.1 25,057.5 26,929.5 28,978.8 32,659.3 4,708.1 1,842.1 1,927.0 1,983.7 3,766.0Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.5 310.7 395.9 482.9 547.6 265.5 167.7 167.2 260.5 228.9 -12.0 143.0 228.7 222.4 318.7Uzbekistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.0 89.6 63.4 351.8 234.1 7.3 2.9 18.7 159.0 39.1 65.7 86.7 44.7 192.8 195.1Venezuela. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,590.2 4,039.3 4,640.4 4,749.4 6,601.6 8,139.8 8,371.3 9,764.0 13,173.1 13,477.2 -3,549.7 -4,332.0 -5,123.6 -8,423.7 -6,875.6Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 172.7 252.5 616.4 286.6 - 50.6 198.9 331.8 388.5 7.0 122.2 53.6 284.7 -101.9Western Samoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 7.3 7.6 11.9 11.1 1.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 2.5 9.2 7.0 7.1 10.9 8.6Yeman, Republic of . . . . . . . . . . 322.3 178.0 185.2 255.9 153.4 98.1 182.7 41.6 31.2 16.0 224.2 -4.7 143.6 224.7 137.4Yugoslavia, Fed. Rep. of . . . . . . . 1.7 0.5 2.2 46.0 49.1 - - - 8.2 10.4 1.7 0.5 2.2 37.8 38.7Zambia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 32.6 48.9 46.0 29.3 40.8 63.5 32.9 64.2 55.9 1.6 -30.9 16.0 -18.3 -26.6Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.4 92.8 122.0 90.7 81.9 109.9 102.4 97.7 133.0 139.5 -25.4 -9.6 24.3 -42.3 -57.5

- Represents zero or rounds to zero.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, series FT 900, December issues.

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1998

No. 1324. U.S. Exports and General Imports, by Selected SITC Commodity Groups:1994 to 1997

[In millions of dollars. SITC = Standard International Trade Classification. N.e.s. = Not elsewhere specified]

COMMODITY GROUPEXPORTS 1 GENERAL IMPORTS 2

1994 1995 1996 1997 1994 1995 1996 1997

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512,626 584,742 624,767 689,182 663,256 743,445 791,364 870,671

Agricultural commodities . . . . . . . . 44,936 54,850 59,311 55,639 25,955 29,258 32,565 35,164

Animal feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,353 3,667 4,183 4,621 433 472 633 648Cereal flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,159 1,163 1,170 1,241 970 1,082 1,213 1,328Coffee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 15 4 7 2,270 2,985 2,491 3,575Corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,197 7,521 8,623 5,426 85 66 116 103Cotton, raw and linters . . . . . . . . . . 2,641 3,711 2,740 2,716 21 29 300 20

Hides and skins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,391 1,621 1,515 1,503 126 140 133 130Live animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 521 533 685 1,392 1,729 1,595 1,655Meat and preparations . . . . . . . . . . 5,195 6,450 6,958 6,885 2,627 2,317 2,317 2,656Oils/fats, vegetable . . . . . . . . . . . . 963 1,293 1,024 1,398 1,051 1,157 1,416 1,381Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009 994 1,029 933 130 121 157 217

Soybeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,355 5,422 7,447 7,479 46 32 31 86Sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 5 3 552 682 1,001 956Tobacco, unmanufactured. . . . . . . . 1,304 1,397 1,390 1,548 697 555 1,053 1,129Vegetables and fruits . . . . . . . . . . . 6,757 7,098 7,313 7,472 6,075 6,581 7,514 7,752Wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,055 5,464 6,302 4,196 291 238 247 359Other agricultural . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,912 8,508 9,075 9,526 9,189 11,072 12,348 13,169

Manufactured goods . . . . . . . . . . . . 402,674 451,828 483,874 550,529 557,310 629,685 659,867 728,928

ADP equipment, office machinery . . 30,867 36,410 39,666 43,698 52,058 62,703 66,499 74,993Airplane parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,824 10,349 11,723 13,266 2,727 2,616 3,464 4,917Airplanes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,803 13,836 18,962 25,552 3,719 3,651 3,943 4,557Alcoholic bev, distilled . . . . . . . . . . 355 390 385 385 1,826 1,844 2,048 2,186Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,787 3,775 3,485 3,768 4,943 5,819 4,828 5,558

Artwork/antiques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,184 1,071 887 1,120 2,432 2,666 2,791 3,587Basketware, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,816 1,996 2,239 2,494 2,588 2,942 3,014 3,364Chemicals, cosmetics . . . . . . . . . . 3,537 3,835 4,323 4,873 1,998 2,307 2,443 2,677Chemicals, dyeing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,330 2,585 2,716 3,294 1,869 2,079 2,165 2,485Chemicals, fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . 2,703 3,219 3,070 3,123 1,298 1,391 1,400 1,374

Chemicals, inorganic . . . . . . . . . . . 4,067 4,541 4,657 5,264 4,087 4,658 4,954 5,132Chemicals, medicinal . . . . . . . . . . . 6,096 6,434 7,160 8,087 4,674 5,543 7,076 8,748Chemicals, n.e.s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,657 9,131 9,651 11,160 3,235 3,925 4,568 4,821Chemicals, organic . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,789 16,106 14,744 16,408 10,805 13,334 14,820 16,874Chemicals, plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,485 14,958 15,467 17,274 5,941 7,155 7,443 8,237

Cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,965 4,770 4,736 4,417 70 64 69 75Clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,461 6,482 7,285 8,396 36,748 39,523 41,559 48,408Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,266 1,728 1,553 1,441 2,295 2,983 2,953 3,254Cork, wood, lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,572 5,637 5,501 5,146 6,680 6,149 7,532 8,179Crude fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,446 1,525 1,526 1,621 1,026 1,164 1,176 1,334

Electrical machinery . . . . . . . . . . . 44,454 53,139 56,637 65,816 57,750 75,051 75,525 80,370Fish and preparations . . . . . . . . . . 3,036 3,177 2,930 2,624 6,590 6,739 6,657 7,687Footwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 671 761 800 11,712 12,098 12,749 14,026Furniture and parts . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,131 3,125 3,323 3,942 7,565 8,338 9,431 11,144Gem diamonds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 171 151 108 5,756 5,951 6,588 7,595

General industrial machinery . . . . . . 21,813 24,394 26,599 30,603 21,330 24,125 25,286 26,321Glassware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 630 680 813 1,158 1,333 1,413 1,553Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503 1,644 1,814 2,125 1,350 1,468 1,679 1,750Gold, nonmonetary . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,689 5,055 6,641 5,673 1,933 2,155 2,737 3,035Iron and steel mill products . . . . . . . 3,554 5,349 4,795 5,637 12,896 12,279 13,368 14,285

Lighting, plumbing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,249 1,293 1,358 1,535 2,024 2,284 2,579 2,944Metal manufactures, n.e.s. . . . . . . . 7,034 8,060 9,234 10,309 8,847 10,010 10,843 12,242Metal ores; scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,713 5,564 4,278 4,662 3,262 4,004 4,048 4,156Metalworking machinery . . . . . . . . . 3,897 4,626 5,241 5,702 4,596 5,926 6,789 7,325Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 284 307 347 735 1,197 1,137 1,144

Optical goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965 1,113 1,378 1,697 1,817 2,148 2,327 2,493Paper and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . 7,448 9,572 9,837 10,283 9,066 12,470 11,637 11,697Photographic equipment. . . . . . . . . 3,016 3,351 3,743 3,865 4,676 5,145 5,271 5,759Plastic articles, n.e.s. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,574 3,847 4,439 5,092 4,517 5,101 5,306 5,676Platinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 318 248 437 1,325 1,694 1,716 1,973Pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 99 95 101 1,555 1,667 1,569 1,683

Power generating machinery. . . . . . 20,346 21,856 22,292 27,221 19,543 20,493 22,499 24,601Printed materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,971 4,325 4,346 4,605 2,234 2,584 2,700 2,871Pulp and waste paper . . . . . . . . . . 3,794 6,206 4,034 3,868 2,315 3,827 2,648 2,639Records/magnetic media . . . . . . . . 5,864 6,263 6,555 6,815 3,612 3,896 4,078 4,137Rubber articles, n.e.s. . . . . . . . . . . 795 888 972 1,256 1,253 1,415 1,465 1,553Rubber tires and tubes . . . . . . . . . 1,614 1,858 1,959 2,394 3,034 3,144 3,074 3,417




No. 1324. U.S. Exports and General Imports, by Selected SITC Commodity Groups:1994 to 1997—Continued

[In millions of dollars ]

COMMODITY GROUPEXPORTS 1 GENERAL IMPORTS 2

1994 1995 1996 1997 1994 1995 1996 1997

Manufactured goods—ContinuedScientific instruments . . . . . . . . . . . 16,475 18,616 20,599 24,039 9,963 11,581 12,385 13,969Ships, boats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,165 1,178 1,064 1,366 808 816 1,029 875Silver and bullion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 663 638 641 488 580 569 472Spacecraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 655 636 994 219 169 232 239Specialized industrial machinery . . . 19,677 23,311 25,659 29,162 16,733 18,972 18,509 21,182

Television, VCR, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) 24,093 (NA) (NA) (NA) 36,771Textile yarn, fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,445 7,192 7,814 8,975 9,207 9,980 10,248 11,951Toys/games/sporting goods. . . . . . . 3,079 3,560 3,693 3,827 11,824 13,074 14,734 17,374Travel goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 253 306 330 3,085 3,408 3,581 3,841Watches/clocks/parts . . . . . . . . . . . 276 248 277 310 2,641 2,785 2,805 2,838Wood manufactures . . . . . . . . . . . 1,543 1,633 1,685 1,958 3,390 3,687 4,037 4,668

Mineral fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,911 10,358 12,057 12,682 56,391 59,109 73,028 78,277Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,966 3,714 3,849 3,586 646 703 606 655Crude oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 6 460 1,040 38,479 42,814 50,582 54,226Petroleum preparations . . . . . . . . . 3,167 3,244 3,948 3,899 10,270 9,096 13,858 13,904Liquified propane/butane . . . . . . . . 195 316 302 298 873 852 1,263 1,158Natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 266 261 275 3,937 3,182 4,002 5,477Other mineral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,280 2,812 3,237 3,584 2,186 2,462 2,717 2,857

Reexports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,981 36,581 40,690 44,153 (X) (X) (X) (X)Agricultural commodities. . . . . . . . . 987 1,174 1,252 1,439 (X) (X) (X) (X)Manufactured goods . . . . . . . . . . . 28,383 34,848 38,798 41,958 (X) (X) (X) (X)Mineral fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 120 168 284 (X) (X) (X) (X)Other, reexports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 439 472 472 (X) (X) (X) (X)

NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 F.A.S. basis. 2 Customs value basis.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, Series FT-900(97).

No. 1325. Imports for Consumption—Values and Duties: 1980 to 1996

[Imports are on customs value basis. Beginning 1970, includes silver ores and bullion, and beginning 1980, includes trade ofVirgin Islands with foreign countries. For basis of dollar values and for area coverage, see text, Section 28]

YEAR

VALUESDuties cal-culated 1

(mil. dol.)

RATIO OF DUTIES TOVALUES Duties per

capita 2

(dollar)Total(mil. dol.)

Free(mil. dol.)

Dutiable(mil. dol.)

Percentfree

Totalimports

(percent)

Dutiableimports

(percent)

1980 . . . . . . . . . . 3244,007 106,992 132,951 45 7,535 3.1 5.7 33.091981 . . . . . . . . . . 259,012 76,338 182,674 29 8,893 3.4 4.9 38.671982 . . . . . . . . . . 242,340 75,856 166,484 31 8,688 3.6 5.2 37.401983 . . . . . . . . . . 256,679 83,397 173,283 32 9,430 3.7 5.4 40.211984 . . . . . . . . . . 322,989 102,977 220,012 32 12,042 3.7 5.5 50.901985 . . . . . . . . . . 343,553 106,035 237,518 31 13,067 3.8 5.5 54.731986 . . . . . . . . . . 368,657 121,742 246,915 33 13,312 3.6 5.4 55.101987 . . . . . . . . . . 402,066 132,152 269,914 33 13,923 3.5 5.2 57.081988 . . . . . . . . . . 437,140 151,693 285,447 35 15,054 3.4 5.3 61.121989 . . . . . . . . . . 468,012 156,365 311,647 33 16,096 3.4 5.2 64.701990 . . . . . . . . . . 490,554 161,108 329,446 33 16,339 3.3 5.0 65.381991 . . . . . . . . . . 483,028 167,641 315,386 35 16,197 3.4 5.1 64.101992 . . . . . . . . . . 525,091 194,583 330,508 37 17,164 3.3 5.2 67.121993 . . . . . . . . . . 574,863 236,007 338,856 41 18,334 3.2 5.4 70.991994 . . . . . . . . . . 657,885 292,257 365,628 44 19,846 3.0 5.6 73.641995 . . . . . . . . . . 739,660 373,948 365,713 51 18,597 2.5 5.1 64.701996 . . . . . . . . . . 790,470 406,640 383,829 51 18,005 2.3 4.7 67.87

1 Customs duties (including import excise taxes) calculated on the basis of reports of quantity and value of imports ofmerchandise entered directly for consumption or withdrawn from bonded customs warehouses. 2 Based on estimated populationincluding Armed Forces abroad as of July 1. 3 Total includes revisions not carried to free and dutiable values.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1970-1988, Highlights of U.S. Export and Import Trade, series FT 990, monthly; beginning1989, U.S. Merchandise Trade: Selected Highlights, series FT 920, monthly; and unpublished data.



No. 1326. Domestic Exports and Imports for Consumption of Merchandise, by SelectedSIC-Based Product Category: 1990 to 1996

[In millions of dollars. Includes nonmonetary gold]

SIC-BASED PRODUCT CATEGORY SIC 1

code 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

Domestic exports, total 2 . . . . . . (X) 374,537 400,842 425,377 439,282 482,141 547,300 583,221

Agricultural, forestry and fisheryproducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 26,225 25,052 26,785 25,324 26,102 33,418 36,234

Agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 22,597 21,075 22,633 21,615 22,189 29,391 32,380Livestock and livestock products . . . . . 02 829 970 871 836 973 920 989Forestry products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08 281 306 324 276 263 272 271Fish, fresh or chilled; and other marine

products 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 2,518 2,701 2,959 2,596 2,677 2,836 2,594

Mineral commodities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 7,335 7,442 7,210 5,584 5,650 7,159 7,284Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . 10 1,137 1,014 1,084 799 1,018 1,562 1,091Bituminous, lignite and anthracite coal . 11,12 4,513 4,623 4,241 3,090 2,858 3,572 3,694Crude petroleum and natural gas . . . . 13 638 675 737 588 576 729 1,197Nonmetallic minerals, exc. fuels . . . . . 14 1,047 1,130 1,148 1,107 1,199 1,296 1,302

Manufactured commodities . . . . . . . . . . (X) 330,403 359,635 383,082 400,721 441,501 496,421 530,484Food and kindred products . . . . . . . . 20 16,160 17,492 19,761 20,509 23,094 26,021 27,041Tobacco manufactures . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5,040 4,574 4,509 4,253 5,367 5,222 5,238Textile mill products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3,635 4,108 4,473 4,687 5,151 5,696 6,177Apparel and related products . . . . . . . 23 2,848 3,679 4,599 5,433 6,145 7,190 8,104Lumber and related products . . . . . . . 24 6,523 6,477 6,802 7,361 7,252 7,424 7,401Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1,589 2,086 2,518 2,818 3,030 2,953 3,101Paper and allied products . . . . . . . . . 26 8,631 9,214 9,969 9,457 11,000 14,943 14,002

Printing and publishing . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3,150 3,590 3,808 4,057 4,070 4,471 4,534Chemicals and allied products . . . . . . 28 37,806 41,483 41,953 42,742 48,950 57,897 58,503Petroleum and coal products . . . . . . . 29 6,794 7,026 6,403 6,163 5,510 6,014 7,158Rubber and misc. plastics products . . . 30 6,398 7,049 7,872 8,554 9,942 11,025 12,093Leather and leather products . . . . . . . 31 1,388 1,413 1,541 1,536 1,539 1,565 1,725Stone, clay, and glass products . . . . . 32 3,295 3,533 3,855 3,844 4,215 4,796 5,097Primary metal products . . . . . . . . . . . 33 13,116 15,243 15,105 18,669 16,327 20,191 21,279

Fabricated metal products . . . . . . . . . 34 11,138 11,962 13,265 13,497 13,395 15,161 16,612Machinery, except electrical . . . . . . . . 35 61,229 65,300 68,554 72,279 82,120 95,909 104,055Electric and electronic machinery . . . . 36 39,807 42,330 45,992 52,947 63,839 76,235 79,533Transportation equipment . . . . . . . . . 37 68,113 76,172 82,862 80,196 85,068 82,699 92,887Instruments and related products . . . . 38 19,524 21,699 22,815 24,699 26,560 29,581 32,842Misc. manufactured commodities . . . . 39 4,296 4,621 5,446 5,288 5,813 7,383 6,763

Imports for consumption,total 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 490,554 483,028 525,091 574,863 657,884 739,661 790,470

Agricultural, forestry and fisheryproducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 12,750 13,148 14,216 15,866 17,427 19,799 20,661

Agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 5,925 6,107 6,716 7,839 8,657 9,803 10,950Livestock and livestock products . . . . . 02 1,453 1,501 1,873 2,161 2,047 2,450 2,377Forestry products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08 1,015 978 1,088 1,068 1,208 1,932 1,810Fish, fresh or chilled; and other

marine products 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 4,357 4,562 4,540 4,798 5,515 5,614 5,525

Mineral commodities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 51,391 44,581 44,823 45,965 47,300 51,050 57,144Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . 10 1,500 1,244 1,167 1,108 1,283 1,413 1,407Bituminous, lignite and anthracite coal . 11,12 93 112 127 218 229 248 238Crude petroleum and natural gas . . . . 13 48,917 42,415 42,796 43,871 44,949 48,495 54,463Nonmetallic minerals, exc. fuels . . . . . 14 881 810 734 767 839 894 1,035

Manufactured commodities . . . . . . . . . . (X) 407,043 406,550 445,127 490,289 567,052 639,729 680,609Food and kindred products . . . . . . . . 20 16,564 16,298 17,445 16,090 17,342 18,326 20,948Tobacco manufactures . . . . . . . . . . . 21 94 199 285 467 163 169 245Textile mill products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 6,807 7,132 7,808 6,161 6,534 6,965 7,169Apparel and related products . . . . . . . 23 24,644 25,497 30,533 35,475 38,561 41,208 43,075Lumber and related products . . . . . . . 24 5,446 5,229 6,700 8,901 10,528 10,406 12,194Furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5,235 5,130 5,601 6,242 7,522 8,303 9,320Paper and allied products . . . . . . . . . 26 11,669 10,431 10,382 10,891 11,772 16,757 14,784

Printing and publishing . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1,849 1,878 2,046 2,211 2,422 2,902 2,996Chemicals and allied products . . . . . . 28 21,611 22,999 25,849 27,259 31,697 38,079 42,826Petroleum and coal products . . . . . . . 29 14,472 11,097 10,410 9,906 9,504 8,971 18,768Rubber and misc. plastics products . . . 30 9,731 9,855 11,287 13,053 14,393 15,973 16,891Leather and leather products . . . . . . . 31 10,944 10,714 11,342 11,692 12,977 13,628 14,187Stone, clay, and glass products . . . . . 32 5,845 5,558 5,951 6,431 7,594 8,498 9,088Primary metal products . . . . . . . . . . . 33 23,232 22,262 22,891 22,772 30,106 33,519 34,583

Fabricated metal products . . . . . . . . . 34 11,608 11,396 12,436 12,941 14,664 16,213 17,492Machinery, except electrical . . . . . . . . 35 55,021 55,578 62,274 73,370 89,705 106,391 112,907Electric and electronic machinery . . . . 36 55,736 58,610 65,596 76,869 94,332 114,912 114,066Transportation equipment . . . . . . . . . 37 89,599 88,004 92,930 102,259 115,998 122,344 129,235Instruments and related products . . . . 38 16,846 18,668 20,338 22,080 24,410 27,473 28,747Misc. manufactured commodities . . . . 39 20,090 20,015 23,025 25,219 26,830 28,694 31,088

X Not applicable. 1 Standard Industrial Classification. 2 Includes scrap and waste, used or secondhand merchandise,manufactured commodities not identified by kind, and timing adjustments. 3 Includes frozen and packaged fish.

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985 and 1988, Highlights of U.S. Export and Import Trade, series FT 990; beginning1990, U.S. Merchandise Trade, series FT 900, December issues.



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