7asnm030 - n Ù%Úpq \® +Þa>r s 7k"d ß 821 e ns 2 =g -:# - # + ir" l !' $4& (l$ * 4 2 (sk-iv) z2...
TRANSCRIPT
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� � � � � ��� � �� �� � � ��� � � � � � � � � �
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"!$#"% &'%)('*'+ ,'&'%'-$./'0 ("*$1
7ASNM030 243 56
7$821 9 2 : 15 ;
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� �
����������������������������� �"!#�%$'&)(�$'+*-,�.�/�02143+576-/�879�:�;="?�@A B�C�DFEFG�H I 14J-K�L�M'NPO28 Q'R�S�TFU4V�8XW Y'NR�S�c��R��
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� �
�1 � ��� 11.1
���#:7;��=-?X@. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 J�:7;��=-?X@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2.1 JF:7;��=-?X@�
� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2.2
�l��!#�F$�&+(l$'�*�/lz JF:7;��=
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�3 � ������������������������� 253.1
I z�«2V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 ��� =�� ��� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.2.1 1
���
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4.8T�U ¨FØyz����
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
�5 � QBee !4"�#�$&%&'��)4*��2,�- 545.1
qF§�z�«2V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.2qF§����
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.2.1 �0� =1� �2� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.2.2
*�l �0� = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565.2.3
×43PP= � �2%P< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565.2.4
�¡F¢�£ ¤'z954�7���. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.3»F:����
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� � �
1.1 J�:7;��=-?X@�z%s t�u�v%�%����i= u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1���-!#�%»*)�;��-u
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 � ul½��%u��#�
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3.7 LEDzXõ ö�� B z2Ä Å
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.8*l������%z'��* �#Xu
( ��� ) z�� B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.9
*l� �0� = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.10 LED1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.11 LED2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.12 LED1&LED2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.13»F:�����H��@AB NAB/O�P9:$QLR>�@AB1C�S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.117 (T&)(VUAWYX9Z[W 0�\ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.12 No hit ]A^"!$_�`ba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.13 c de�f�ghI�!G#�%T&)( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.14 #�%T&)( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.15 #�%T&)( ��� i !�jAk lAm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.1 SK-IV n�o�k�lAmAp�q1r�!�sVX't�u[XDv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
v
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5.2 � de��������'P��dAe�������A!���XTt�VXGv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565.3 ������� 0 ���"! PMT I�! ��� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585.4 ����������X�v)f�g : ���/!��* 1/2 ��� 0 PMT P 1/8 ��� 0 PMT E� ��/* 1/8
��� 0 PMT P 1/32 �!� 0 PMT " � BA@#�$�%���&�hXDv�f�g[I�!�'( � "%) �
�DE+FD>�*D> ±0.5% +-, 6�.-/�0 @B�C�O�P�:�K$11C$S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.5 �2�����4s3��4�5�6 027 : 8C:9�?@�� 0 �@A 0 tCBD��X�4 \
�!E 0GF �%H 0 tJILKNM�O ��P @�!@Q���R4!��:Sbt \ �T�S�U��A*Rd�e�K
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� � �
2.1 ATM !���� P���m [5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 SK-IV ! Hit-sum trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.3 � 0 !�p�q��VP TDC1 k E 0 t8#~Ma !�nAo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.1 dAn
����� (R7800-01MOD) !�m�� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.2 camac ADC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
vii
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�1 � � �
e�?D� t%[���*F�K4F�K9E����+! ��� 6 "a��'1L8>"CRn�'!������ 2�3 ]�#S��^4 t3 :4E�����S��r4 t 3/6 N�C�O�P"����@Y[C]~DO 6 E �Rm"!�j�! 6#" B%$ P]|R@4E 1930 & 6Pauli
6 [a��O @�F�!�'�( :%)�*'L8>&~DS [1] FD>#+��AE �,+YN%-/. 6 [a�F�!�0�'4:21�)V=?>~�:4E"F�!�3�4�56/!Z�ML�L 1M=70^'�*�8%9hI�8 0 ~DS�O�@]e�?@� t�[#��!�:�;�0�'�:AN/LR>&~�! *GE+F !�'=@?hL)>A@]1M= 20 &r8 / aBA 0 ~
1953 &"!hO�P�I�8 0 ~DS0^' 6�C�D |�~�!�* Reines P Cowan I�EE =R* 300 [�X't 3 !�F�G5 0R- ����R#"�6�B�@�E��
�H�1 =)!De$?]� t[��4!�:�;0^' 6�C�D |�~�S [1]e$?�� t[���!�'�("*hOR> 6 [a�IJ LR>[C�O�P�P9N 0 ~�:4E'F !�KAe1:ML P+6MN �I!8�C�!
1�E3K�|�aY*$E#@O�NPKAeG"RQ�;�!D1VP9BTSVU>W"*$ETF�X�=�?�+ZYE�[�$ \w�xz"Vy$H[C$S
1.1 z|{~}~ ��d$e&?D� t[��ZX>k#w"*$E@_ &B α $ [NG#X%9M��4kh:��d��X>� � P�}|R@% CYhC8E π B K NG�X��$ X��� 6 �C�KX�I!8�C�S1I��b|@ABba S
π+ → µ± + νµ (1.1)
1
-
→ e± + νe + ν̄µ + νµ (1.2)
π− → µ− + ν̄µ (1.3)
→ e− + ν̄e + νµ + ν̄µ (1.4)
�0 @4E π± X>�<�1M=)*->?]�%� 0 e$?]� t[��hP�n �e$?]� t%[��G: 2 : 1 X����1I% C L>hC)E�����U]��X�4�SX R = (νµ + ν̄µ)/(νe + ν̄e) * 2 6 N�ChP���TLR>/C8S�~�H�| E���� 2D3���?@�� 0 *���� / I������ 6�� a�����:�3yra N1C�~�O 6 E( GeV +���X�f�g1I*��� IcXGn
re$?]� t[>�MX�U��hX@4S�*���L^a?NhC$SL|�~�: 0 @�E$e�?D� t%[���X�� 2�3 #��:�y�B�- E+U#��X�4�SX R *:�y-a�N�C8S 9 E�� (1.1) � (1.4) X#� 6 ha C |Z~:��de$?]� t[>��*���z"�� � |8@ P!r 1�=�!/Y$Y[C1O�P"�NhCGSz|�~�: 0 @�E[F�X#%$�&('*)�!Y r "� 0,+.-0/ a21 15 km �3$154 13000km " /�6,708:9�@
1.2ACB }~
b _EDF):G�HI10J
-
�1.1: s�t����(M�� �� u�i�KIL:j�M�:�� L
3He + p → 4He + e+νe(Eν < 18.77[MeV ]) (1.9)
-
νe +37 Cl → e− +37 Ar (1.10)
7�E��IOI�E,u����
-
νe + d → p + p + e−([ Q%�SU � � ) (1.12)
νx + d → p + n + νx( ^XM%�SU � � ) (1.13)(1.14)
[ Q0�:U � I�° νe u � uD9�:6;.� ,I� RZ� rf] [%�³�´ xE= ,g�~DR!c q SNO���0u%' Y u�¨ © [4] ?¬% 2 [ Q!� U ���?¬! +., nXpeq s�t��6��*U� =� u'9�:�;,� } , �ku�� 35% °�tx q ´\E.u�?¢�u����:?¬F³.9.:0;,�
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�2 � � � � � � � � � � �
2.1 ����2.1.1 ���S@��
SK §~���7 � ~��0u 2 �:�£>�k p cl5 GF+*0C:³�EfR +D, IH p �?¬F³%V ;I#J.: DK r�s R L+M0C0³E'7°�t�³�´.�'��*8� 4�I SK ON��/E%Q(�.AP�Q)R87TS�U)V�'CE³'E'77W�¬0 [ Q)B�Q:RA1.3X H�E [ Q�B�Q ]�Y[Z U]\A^�9O!SRO_6C?³�´��+N��/` 2m /E�a n X l�®Ic q � N 7)����*��3b �E7S)U+V��`7c ��dAegf5h WIivc�jkH�E q�� µ B�Q ] F+*ml p@n �oN)��prq N��sput YvZ Ur\�^w ! ] _)x@l�y ]#z@{�|s} b7~ r�s EoW)`�oN)�/t YvZ \�^ w !`_)x@ q N)�E � t_�xml�y�j*�)N��vW�` 8 v\ Y !)�Q*,)+"@ 1885 $��� k Wu% h &5 p#d#�dA !vE7)ro y�mWmr�gA�1 |s} �� do yj q-N)�¡p£¢#N�� u¤ d+ y�E�+¥ |r¦/|§m¨ {�|r© puª n vy]¥)«\ ¥]¬)+®@t 1 ¯[E¥ |3¦/| §m¨ {�|r© WA¯ �d q-N)�o°/E 20 \ Y !+�Q�±))"m 12 $ ¢)N��+°@E 8 /\ Y !)�Q�±+)"[ 2 $�% h &55² d) y�j ( ³ 2.1)´ ¥ |3¦�|)µ5¶-·[µ \ ¸@E3N@\�E/¹OºI»¼I q-N)�½AtoE7¾##B�QE¿oÀ@Á[Â)]ÃÄ[Å W oÆ)Ç#È 5É7Ê)Ë uÌ 3Í[l )rÎ+ÏÉÐ h WAÑ ©[Ò+Ó�©@Ô ^A ©7ÕÖu@Æ+È)×ØÙ�Ú lÛmÜ W7)Ý Ý X d+ y7j ( ³ :2.2)
6
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222Rn C�D��\ ²�y�j�M]NrÍ O�P ·�� � + A ?�@^� d � ´ Ü j 222Rn �F_(`�� da 5V6r©$7�|]bVc É Q ]1
��d �Ee pfCBg d � ´ Ü j »@]= Q 3«�R&�AKh)xi��# PMTÉ]j1k�=Fl�m�� + É a # =¯VC+@y3j f I É�>�)® �nKo � Î/ÉF�1p &q ¯[)�=�³2.3 É@Û[ÜrC/���B� rs�t � d# y7j1�)Î�B�1�o � uÎ 3u(v » d#�dKwx+¤ t��!y # É�ÛÜrCKz{ ÀEgK| y7j
1.1µm }1~ © |Î�Ï@¼g95Î 1µm ÉV�K { ÉV}~ © | =3B]j
8
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����� Î5½�É��@¼ �� ÍEMFN�� �� n� j2. �������
� ��� Í PMT � x��ry���=@Û � Î�����/y b =@Û �Q 3«iR&�������y�É ! vÅ y�� Î�� 14 "�= q g�| yj
3. ·E� ���$#$%Î5½�É O1P ·E�Kn�o �yj
4. &+¢�'$(�)����&)¢�'$* U =@Û(gK| �Q «iRf��+-,�(�) Kn�o vy7j
5. .E� ef�0/)×$1�2 A¥�« Ò# ÝvÉ�3 /$4)× É7 k]o�5 )�� ef��6 ´ C �/#×D �+Î�= 1$2 » 5 j
6. 3 /�4)× � �Î5½= 1 | 75 ×�8Kn/o 5 j � B=�Û(gK|�9 [�: 99% � e&�:
96% n/o »� 5 j7.µ�;=< R ¨?> ·E� ���$@A1W7BDCA·��]n/o � �jDE � É C·E�A!n/o 5 j
8. d ©F< �1}1~ © ;GIH ;=< ©$J�Y É L I ��KKnKo 5 j
9. L�M�N$@1� ��+I,�O�PD � d ©F< ��}~ © ;[ gÎ$� SK � $Q =�RTS 5 j }~ © ; �¤�U »�m3Î���V(pD � =�W Å S �X7L�M�N�@�� � g�|ZYI,/�#Î� �V=�[k»� 5 j
2.1.3 20 \^]D_-`baIcedgfih
¥ ;3¦I;�µ5¶-·[µ�� ¸@É7Q Î)Ï � °gjkS�V|�j 5ml�n 20 C�� ' (50cm) É +$o -)±�p$q���XTrs r s µ¶O·[µ�� ¸@É#��=ut hI»�� +�o -#±�p�q�=@»ISF=mvuw ?x/Å -r]É � � 5 jky)Émv
9
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³ 2.4: 20 C�� ' +�o -+±$p$qw�=�Û � Á# ¤$27B Í�� +�� CED�� A kS @rj�� 8 ³ ³ 2.4 =���(]j+�o k�=� QgC � ©@µ R (Sb − K − Cs) �A° jkS |$j�|7y+É�1- � ��³ 2.5 =�i��Û@Ü=��������� 280nm � 660nm � 390nm ����Ã�=�i�&|��1- ��� ��oº5É 22% s C gK|$j 5 j ´� X�� x »��V|$j 5 o�� ��$|oÉ PMT É�� C$� � 6×107 = C 5 Û@Ü3= < »�|�j�|!� x o��É"���#Û�y 1700V ¼iS 2000V $�p � � 5 j � É�� C$� � �&% s(' É +�o -)� : 2pC * ��+!,- � 5fb = C � � É s Ö ÉG�.�/&0É1 , � : -3mV s C 5 (50Ω ��2�3 � �465 ) j7* � X 20 C� ' +$o - + p�q/É 1 +�o -�8�9;:=< 2.6 = ��> ]j � �?:A@ 5 s 1 +�o -vÉCB ;ED ��Vg ÖI� s@ Å |$j 5 � s ��8CF 5 j SK-III � � w }�G �k< 5��Ee 5IHD�< G�J DLK �L/�0M:N 2 5�O "� 0.3p.e.(=1mV) = < - �1|$j � jP* � X 0.3 p.e. =LF&F 5�Q o Ý$=mÛ 5ER�S < ÉT1p���U�Vi�| : 3kHz � � 5 j
10
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2.2|~}
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11
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¿2.6: 1
O ����
¡ z p7j
cosθ =1
nβ(2.1)
β=c/v
�¬ p7j v = c ±�v�¯� �] ¾ > 42 � 2 ¦Lp7jLg�� v 1 ≤ ‖cosθ‖ x ^�`@ a�bc O ±���²�³ !¬ p v = c/n j�
� pj � ®� � ±�°���� β = 1/n 2��� ¢ p���� V�� D ^C` a�bc�� � vË��# Ethe v ¢ p@v � ±��A Æ m �� me
�! #"!$&%('*)&+&,
-/.10#213*465 %('*)&+&,
7
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^C`n a�b�c O ±Y¼�8º@»
12
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Ethe =nm√n2 − 1
(2.2)
v�� ¢ v j ¡�� p�j���¦ ± ^%`C a_b�c�� � > e± j 0.767MeV µ± j 157.4MeV, π± j207.9MeV v˦��#e�m%p7j
Ze ± � j�©�ª« n ±� 0 β ¼�8 ¢ p�vF¯�� dL ¬ ® G 2Q ¡ z p ^�` a�b�c O 2 À�p O � N >
d2N
dλdL=
2παZ2
λ2(1 − 1
n2β2) (2.3)
vQ¦%pj α >��������Á � (α ' 1/137) j ±�� ���� ¸ �� λ1 � λ2 ±��C. 2�� me��� ¢ pCvW
dN
dL= 2παZ2sin2θ
∫ λ2
λ1
dλ
λ2dL = 2παZ2sin2θ
(
1
λ1− 1
λ2
)
(2.4)
j � x0z p3j z 2 À�G�!#" a�$� � j O! 1cm p�v O �&%('() ± �&* ¸ �+300nm � 700nm �¡�¡,� p O ± � >-� ÀF¹ 390 . !¬ p�/ ¡ z ® ^C`n a�b�c O > ��0 x ÌYÍ�Î21�3 j G O ��%&'&) 1 UFa 4 Î[±�5 v6Ye�7 x�8x�z p�/ UFa 4 ±:9!Î� O � ?� x�@ �A�B ±�CD� ��� V � D#�¼�8ºC»¦FE �G Á ¢ pË8 j ¡� p�/ ( HI
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�C±���� 1�=���? n @ :A�2x�By"DC $ 1 E&��F6 2002 10 �
FSK-II G�6B*E�t"lnIH �J ��®�/¹�±8�� 2005 7 C F 2006 6 �±=(1 KD!$L&B&ML® PMT �N 1 O ¢ E�P$#&%Q1 8D!�L®�/ Lt1�ÀR: 11129 f ± PMT 1 @ :S� x F L&B8� ���� « i E�� 40% � �T8U 6'®�/w¹*L�F
2008 8 � SK-III G 6�BWV�XY1 8"!�L�®�/2008 9 1 i ÀR:AZ Á 6B��[ 7 "\�]�¦�X Á 8_^Q®��&1&`�aDCbH*�cCed*� $ Hfa*g $
!± h"L � 8 1 8&!�L%®�/ ± #�% i�i�j 1�'R( 6 2008 10 � Flk ®�1 SK-IV G�6B�"-nH�6nm�o i�j 1 o�p 1 8&!�L$B&MDp�/
2.4 SK-III W KrqtsvuxwTJzy|{} ± �~&i SK-III ±W
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2.4.1 ������������SK-III
~�� % 1AY>Z��` N V � "�a�b ~cNd M =&e ? AD f&g '8~�\5h�i L d M)4 ATM \5#j% h�2 ��G�k�=)H�I C$J�0 �5l ?5m�noX =qp�r�
HITSUM#&%� KF2$�s$4 ��t�� HITSUM #�%c\)u9vxw ?� ey{z&| L z}yq�$#&%9\5~> 3
z s$4�_t% �X t L � ATM 1o¢¡2 3 z�t �s #j%c�>£)¤�� VAK$2 3 z�t&¥ | L � K52 \ Flash ADC 1¦¡�2 3 zA|�§&¨_�T�U V �© 3 z�t �s54
ATM ª AD f>g 3 z�=$#�%c�5T>Uc\ SCH �q X t SMP(Super Memory Partner) *�, z s« - ; -�.&/ 0>1¦¬> 3 zA|�u)® C>¯ 3 z s�4)C>¯ 3 z�=)°� � \ VME �±��;²9k�t :�³´)µ ³x¶ >· 1P¬� 3 zj| 3 y ?)¸c³ ´ 0�¹}º ¦� :�³ ´jµ ³�» ±¼ ¶ �· 1P½ e�yz s$4
15
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�2.9: SK-III
�A°
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2.4.2 �����������
������� (ATM) ����ATM
��� d���� ?��� t! 2.1 ? ' e�= 4 ATM � ��" \ 1 # �%$�'& ª 12 ( � PMT �$#%c�*),+�+h >.-� �G s54 #&%c� O�/�R S ¢�>W�0 \ L z�1)z TAC QAC *�, z s2�3 ?�� ��W_?�f&g 3 z�t " y ADC ?
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2.4.3 ������������� ª ��� = HITSUM #&%9\ TKO
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PMT �����������
���ATM �����
ADC �����
TDC �����
HITSUM
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ATM%'& �)(� +*-,.�HITSUM ��/+0���
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2.10: SK-III ` Fx� � ±�� �
19
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2.11: SK-IV ` °
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Bh�G %�����@ J | U���� QBee ^ T�� T 'O� Hit-sum �� �� \ T '���0�� ���� X���� KG ]?�A����Bn [ ��� % ����� '�0 �"! +| � ]?�A [5?0@ X�A�BDC� oY �7E 2.2 '7F SK-IV [ Hit-sum trigger [�G7H XJI!g �
E2.2: SK-IV
[Hit-sum trigger
<>]?�A�R�^�` Hit-sum �,� (hits) K�A5< bOc�d (µsec)SLE (super low energy) 34 1.5 (-0.5 L +1.0)
LE (loe energy) 47 40 (-5 L +35)HE (high energy) 50 40 (-5 L +35)
SHE (super high energy) 70 40 (-5 L +35)OD (out detector) 22 inOD 40 (-5 L +35)
External trigger F�MN15'�O < >�PNQ A�C"R ! '�n�o�Sw<> ?�A�U 0T�N! ]?�A1-hsrOU � L 0 15009 ; ]?�A�X g n�C :,�
T2K GPS trigger F 2009 t 4 u c TJv2w�x f [ T2K y]z�U g n{�.r=Ss|Bn ]?�A-U � L~}�0 '�e�W ��r :�7��c T, A_F -7/ X GPS U SK '.=TC }= [.-�/ Xs='� T r S;<>?�A�U � S �
Internal trigger F OD [�0&
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2.7 SK-IV ����� ����� ���� �������h_hWU�F SK-IV '�^ ! D < A.%=� r : : J v�� !
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A 2.12: SK-III e SK-IV DAQ �7[���� ��3Q
'����
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A 2.13: QBee
24
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�3 � � � � � � � � � � � � �
3.1 �������������� �"!���#�$&%�')(*',+.-0/1+.2 "43.576 (SK) 98;:,=;? A@,BO $DC , ' %E'&(*'+.-A/E+.2 "43F596HG IKJ DML4N;O�K]V9 1¡Ff4
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VK?��Mf��3.1 G $7i
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300 600 (nm))
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1.7x10xx6 (1500V ��� )!�"=iD'wj����
Line type 10 v��S�y�
27%
s h ��� 8�� 1800 (V)(1c1%d RE�d~f( � 2%) 100 (mA)
27
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3.2.2 CAMAC ADC
%1'K(*'>+Q-0/1+Q2 q v : y,{Wy*$ X 2]Y\[k2�j V98;:WADCp!"��
(0.05% (1980 (total counts))
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LEDV E �1� qJT ^VUDW E �1�"f�XJY � { E
Ip02 + Ip01 = Ip03 (3.1)
28
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Ip03Ip01 + Ip02
= 1 (3.2)
��� U R ;v�� U i T T G 9 VQ�!BMV E ���]fRh 7 3 T {;y 7 n PMT " V���c�N�� }�m h7 3 � U � Ip03 P ` �� ��� �� n
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(3.4)
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3.3.3 O&�
LED1 � LED2 \� N�� � � NYP� GY[�z[�H IR�^ R 0.5V � S � eW V ADC count V 100count �a �[� A`B>^K��W � S � U�IX \�`O� 5R S X2¡4¢ £ 9 N\¤2¥ 1 ¦ 5 SR§ X4¡2¢ O 9\¨MG�© I
29
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]3.4: NSHU550A
]3.5: LED � �� C�������� ]
30
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]3.6: �` � LED � � ¢ �����
1 W���X��z¢ (LED N U{�� )2 W LED1 � U{���� → LED2 � U{����
3 W LED1,2 ��� U{����4 W LED1 � U{����5 W LED2 � U{����
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3.4�����
3.4.1 LED ����� �������� ����� /F� � © M LED �$:%&' / ��� 2 � G&H � 4 �6 LED � 1 ��K ¡¢�/.= � 10 I # ��#�$�% >"! R #�$ &% Y 3.7 � 5000 �:9 � ; /.= � 10 I # � 7 �:9 � ; �
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1count J�� D 410 %/2� ADC count D�3 1% ¤"¥ �LD 4 �6
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32
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Y 3.8: K ¡2¢.����, � � K �z¢ ( )&+�, ) �\��
Y 3.9: K ¡2¢ s ;
33
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IP03Ip01 + Ip02
= (3.5)
398.9
(186.1 + 214.2)= 0.996 ± 0.0018(stat) (3.6)
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34
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Y 3.10: LED1
Y 3.11: LED2
Y 3.12: LED1&LED235
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Y 3.13: � �z¢R¡���� � � F X '
36
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�4 � ATM � � � � � � � � � �
4.1 ����� �����SK-III
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0M��� �! >�! �*6 65p.e. D"�# �! > ©%$'&�� 4 � J��)( � " D�� ATM *,+ � F X
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37
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Y 4.1: O�� m Q�%3D � W R l SK-III m � F X '
Y 4.2: ��� oVn �:��� � M Mpq7l PMT
38
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Y 4.3: 7 20 � �.6 ��� o�n PMT m Kznzo[| @ � U'W�PHG S R l!� � o�n h�i | m�~ R
4.2��� � ���
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4.3���'&)(
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40
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P4.5: {=|)m��5[ o � /�e��
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SK W �BN evt #�: ; Z%� m��$& F L X%9 hT��m]�"s�W=
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Qmean =Qtot
Nevent(4.1)
Qtot.... � 20 �%n� SKPMT l ,�G-H�,%G�H�,��Nevent.... � �4x���� � � PMT � ?�@Et�� � ��Nyn>t ( � ��x1� � ��G � �Ci )O�k ,' n .�� w ^� X�9 � � 20 �%n� SKPMT , Qmean n � � � ' !$# ,���� ��*����� �/a>@Et O 83��F��w���� ) i�n ; Luz m8�
4.5 �
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43
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4.6 ��������� a'�c P�� 7��� Z�w
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? 4.7: #35 P �#� $�*��
? 4.8: SK-III P �#� $&*(�
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47
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Y 4.10: ehf A�! ~ _ f+@g#��!�� �� : ��� � ehf A�!@ ATM �@����9���8����� ?'!�A�!� e/f=� � b '�' � +;b " � ��� ehf `�b '�'�2(' )*! � � `,b '�' %
Y 4.11: ?'!�A�! (� � � 8&�
48
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4.7 ����������� ��������������������� � [ C SK � 4)\�� _! `�b '�'#" c)d%$ $�*(� � e�f A�! �'&e�f )(,b 2�' $ $�*(�� "+*#,��.- ?%/O�g )�� � �'& Q3g 2 $ $�*(� �
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f(x) =x
1 − exp(−x)(0.25x + 1))) (4.7)
- ���&?%@ bKY�A2#"8xB+��DCAbFE2rM" x & no hit event -%4!u,G *��7 ( � 4.12 �DHI
) o f(x) & no hit event -�4J5©�� *��7 ( � 4.12 �DK I ) ['"zx no hit event � kVl -%LNMgD2 � - �(O�#-
4.13b|2Tx
5�2 o�=*> ��P�Q�R.-$S/+Tb8«IrM"F� ¾�T U0Mz0[["8x�+ � b ? g ¬ & SK-III � : �¬ �'" global pc2pe b k)l -�UV#�z��I1'3Zb o�W6X(Y9´ � �$Z 1p.e. 9%^ b k)l&[ �2/\)��]
50
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�4.13:
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Qcor(x) =x1.0304
(1 − exp(−x)(1 + 0.245)0.0304) (4.8)
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51
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�4.14: =�>B?�@
�4.15: =�>B?�@�8�9�� � S �T�U
52
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[1] / C�� Y���� 8�� 4 �� R������������ 1997[2] J. N. Bahcall et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 1209 (1968).
[3] Y. Ashie et al, arXiv:hep-ex/0508053
[4] Q. R. Ahmad et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 071301
[5] ��� ��� , � ��' ������!�"�#�R ����$�% &�' k ( (2006)[6] )+*-,�. , � �' ������!�"�#(R�����$�% &�' k�( (2007)
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