7th grade ubd - unit 6 – conflict and peace. political boundaries- borders are used to form a...
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Conflict and Peace7th Grade UBD - Unit 6 – Conflict and Peace
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Preview
Political Boundaries- Borders are used to form
a variety of political units, such as nations,
counties, and cities. Borders affect the
relationship between those places.
Causes of Conflict- Conflicts between and
within countries happen for many different
reasons.
Peacekeeping Efforts- Nations use various
methods to achieve peace between countries.
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Reach Into Your Background
War has plagued humankind
for thousands of years. War
go back to the beginning of
recorded time and continue
into this century. Answer the
following questions. Why do
you think countries go to war?
How do you think wars could
be avoided? (5 minutes)
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Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your answers with theirs. What things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)
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Key Ideas- Political Boundaries
Borders are used to define the limits
of individual countries or regions.
There are three types of borders:
political, physical, and cultural.
There are generally three types of
border controls: open, controlled,
and closed.
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Political MapsVideo- Political Maps
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Political Boundaries
Most people count their
national identity as one of
the most important parts of
their identity, along with
religion, race, gender, and
language.
National identities often
depend on imaginary lines
between groups of people,
and these lines are often
changed, ignored, and fought
over.
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Political Boundaries
Political boundaries, or
borders, mark different
countries and global
regions.
Within a nation, states,
provinces, counties,
and cities are also
marked by borders.
These borders can be
physical or political.
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Key Term
Border-
The official
legal
boundary
of a
country or
state.
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Different Types of Borders
Physical boundaries include
rivers, mountain ranges, and
oceans.
Political borders are
imaginary lines drawn by the
people of different nations to
distinguish their lands.
Many nations use a
combination of physical and
political borders.
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Different Types of Borders
Whether they are physical or political,
borders both unite and separate people. A
nation’s border unites within it people who
speak the same language(s) and share the
same cultural history and political identity.
At the same time, that national border also
separates its people from others who do
not share those things.
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Different Types of Borders
Most borders are
created for
political reasons,
the ideal that each
nation’s people
will have a shared
identity is not
always realized.
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Different Types of Borders
Sometimes people of
different ethnic
groups, cultural
histories, religions,
and languages are
forced together into
one nation where they
live in uneasy tension.
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Open Borders
Some nations guard
their borders lightly,
requiring travelers to
show only a photo ID
or a passport to
cross. These are
called open borders.
Most of these nations
are within the
European Union.
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Key Term
Passport- A
legal document
issued to an
individual by his
or her national
government. It
certifies the
holder of the
passport is a
citizen of the
issuing country.
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Controlled Borders
Some nations have
controlled borders,
which means that
anyone who wants to
enter or leave the
country faces heavy
restrictions that make
it difficult to do so.
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Closed Borders
Finally, some
nations have
closed borders: no
one may enter or
leave the country.
North Korea is an
example of a
closed-border
nation.
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Key Ideas- Causes of Conflict
Wars are often fought over scarce resources such
as oil or water.
Some wars are fought over principles or religious
differences.
Some wars are fought by countries defending
against attack.
Most wars result from a combination of reasons.
An alliance is a formal agreement between two or
more countries.
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Alliances
Borders can represent
alliances and political
ideas as well as
nations or peoples.
Economic and political
associations provide
an identity for the
nations that join them.
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Alliances
In Europe, the
European Union and
North Atlantic
Treaty Organization
(NATO) are two such
political
organizations, each
with 27 member
nations.
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Alliances
These alliances can be drawn on a
map of Europe with a political border.
Some alliances are temporary;
during World War II, the map of
Europe could have shown a division
between Axis-controlled nations and
Allied-controlled nations.
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Key Ideas- Peacekeeping Efforts
War is a constant problem in the world.
Therefore, it is important to know why
nations go to war to help prevent it from
happening. It is also important to know
how diplomacy and intergovernmental
organizations can help to achieve peaceful
solutions.
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Peaceful Negotiations
Whether acting on their own or as part of
an organization or alliance, nations will
work to prevent or end conflict through
diplomacy, or communication and
negotiation between warring groups.
Sometimes different nations will have a
meeting, called a summit, to discuss
problems and try to find a diplomatic
solution to them.
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Key Term
Summit- A
conference
of heads of
state or
other
prominent
government
officials.
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Intergovernmental Organizations
Sometimes these solutions involve changing
national borders or creating new nations. Whatever
the agreement may be, it is called a treaty.
When the nations involved in a conflict cannot
reach an agreement, international organizations
such as the United Nations (UN) or the African
Union (AU) will step in to hold a summit and reach
an agreement.
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History of War
Whether fought over
resources, land or
ideological differences,
wars have shaped and
reshaped the map of the
planet, creating or
destroying entire
nations.
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Weapons of War
During World War I, machine guns,
tanks and chemical weapons were
unleashed on the battlefields of
Europe.
Three decades later, World War II
witnessed the birth of the atomic
bomb, which marked the
beginning of the nuclear age.
In recent years, keeping casualties
to a minimum through targeted
weapons and unmanned aircraft.
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Women and War
Wars have indirectly
opened up opportunities
for marginalized groups,
including women.
Although many nations
still bar them from
participating in combat
duties, women have
served their countries
during numerous major
conflicts.
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Women and War
Women such as Florence
Nightingale faced the horrors
of war to treat wounded
soldiers, and in doing so
established nursing as a
profession.
During World War II, 350,000
American women joined the
war effort at home and
abroad in more than 200
different non-combatant
positions.
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Rosie The RiveterVideo- Rosie The Riveter by The Four Vagabonds
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Women and War
Today there are more than
400,000 women in the
U.S. Armed Forces.
In 2008 Ann Elizabeth
Dunwoody became the
first woman to achieve
the U.S. Army rank of
four-star general.
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Key Term
World War I-
A global war
centered in
Europe that
began on 28
July 1914 and
lasted until 11
November
1918.
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Key Term
Alliance- An
agreement
among
people or
nations to
unite for a
common
cause.
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Key Term
Adolf Hitler-
The founder and
leader of the
Nazi Party and
the most
influential voice
in the
organization,
implementation
and execution of
the Holocaust.
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Key Term
Fascism- A
philosophy that
supports a
strong, central
government
controlled
by the military
and led by
a powerful
dictator.
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Key Term
Holocaust-
The systematic
extermination
and ethnic
cleansing of six
million
European Jews
and millions of
other non-
aryans.
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Key Term
World War
II- A global
war that
lasted from
1939 to
1945.
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Key Term
NATO- An
international
organization
composed of the
US, Canada,
Britain, and a
number of
European
countries for
purposes of
collective
security.
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Europe at WarReading Handout- Europe at War
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Independent Activity
What has been the
“muddiest” point so
far in this lesson? That
is, what topic remains
the least clear to you?
(4 minutes)
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Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your muddiest point with theirs. Compare what things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)