8-4.3 Causes of South Carolina Secession

I. Westward expansion

1. Missouri Applies for STATEHOODA) North Wants Western land FREEB) South wants Western land SLAVE

2. Missouri Compromise:A Compromise between Northern Reps and Southern

Reps is obtained

I. Westward expansion continued..

3. Outcome of Compromise

A) Missouri Joins U.S. as a SLAVE STATEB) Main Joins U.S. as a FREE STATEC) The Remaining Louisiana Territory is split in ½D) Land North of the 36 – 30 Latitude Line Is FREEE) Land South of the 36-30 Latitude Line is SLAVE

II. Nullification Crisis

1. Protective Tariffs Passed CongressA) Raised the price of American Manufactured GoodsB) Benefitted Northerners B) Hurt Southerners

**And forces them to buy North Made Products

2. The South OBJECTS to Protective Tariffs

II. Nullification Crisis continued..

3. Protective Tariff Time Line:1828- Congress Pass Pro. Tariff

~ Vice Pres. Calhoun Disagreed and Published Writings against Pro Tariffs and for “States Rights”

~ Calhoun argued that States were in a Compact with The Union of States Not a Contract.

II. NullIfIcatIoN crIsIs tImelINe coNtINued…

~ Therefore STATES COULD declare federal law they did not agree with “Unconstitutional”

~ And then NOT FOLLOW THAT LAW.

~This Idea ( political position) Threatened The Supreme Courts Power & Check on Congress.

The Supreme Courts check on congress is to decide if a law congress passes goes against the natural rights of the people of the U.S.A. or goes against the checks and balance system or power.

II. Nullification Crisis Timeline continued

~ Nullify & “States Rights” Became a Heated Debate

~Two Political parties Emerged In S.C. as a result of the DebateA) Nullifiers = States Rights SupportersB) Unionists = National/Federal Gov. Supporters

1832- Nullifiers Take control of the S.C. State Gov.(which is still called the General Assembly)

II. Nullification Crisis Timeline continued

5. 1832- Congress passes another Protective Tariff& The S.C. State Legislature Called for Nullification.

6. Vice Pres. John C. Calhoun RESIGNED as VP and Was Elected to the U.S. Senate….Why? ( The Senate Position Gave him more influence)

7. President Andrew Jackson advised congress to pass A FORCE BILL and send in the U.S. Military to collect Tariffs from S.C.

II. Nullification Crisis Timeline continued

8. A non-violent compromise was made between S.C. and the Fed. Gov.

9. The Federal Gov. lowered the Tariff Tax & S.C. Repealed its Nullification of it

10. But then, The S.C. State Legislature “Nullified” the FORCE BILL. ***Claiming a “States Right” to Declare an Act of Congress Unconstitutional

III. States Rights Theory & secession

1. The States Rights Theory evolved into the Theory of Secession.

*** The Secession Theory was the idea that the United States was a confederation of Independent States NOT a Union of States Bound together by a Federal Gov.

2. Secession Theory– REPLACED-- Nullification Theory

III. States Rights Theory & secession

3. Secession Theory allowed states to LEAVE the U.S. Union if those states believed that their rights were being infringed upon.

**This theory claimed that Independent States were more powerful than the UNION the states were a part of.

** Both the Nullification and Secession Theories would be tested by the CIVIL WAR and proved Wrong!

IV. “free soIl” aNd compromIse of 1850

1. The U.S. Winning the Mexican-American War led to Migration and Expansion Westward.

2. In 1849 Gold was Discovered on Sutter’s Mill Fort In California Territory.

3. Thousands of Americans Went to CA and wanted it to be a “Free State” aka “ A Free Soil State”

IV. “free soIl” aNd compromIse of 1850

4. Frontier People did NOT want Slave Owners moving to CA and having Slaves mine gold for the owners.

5. CA Applied for admission to the U.S. As a “Free State”Which would upset the Balance of Free and Slave States

***********Time for a COMPROMISE**************

IV. “free soIl” aNd compromIse of 1850

6. COMPROMISE OF 1850A) Allowed CA to be a Free StateB) Outlawed the Slave Trade in Washington D.CC) All Remaining Western Territory would decide slave

of free status by “popular sovereignty” aka voting

D) Southern States were provided a Fugitive Slave ACT*The FSA said that escaped slaves had to be returned

to their owners even if they escaped to the North.

IV. “free soIl” aNd compromIse of 1850

6. Harriet Beecher Stowe: Wrote the Novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin To PROTEST the Fugitive Slave ACT

** The Novel shed light on the evils of slavery

V. Kansas-Nebraska act

1. Act of Congress Because of Westward Expansion

2. K-N Act Repealed the 36-30* Line

3. Why? Because Many politicians wanted to build a Trans-Continental Railroad.

4. *Northerners Wanted to build a mid country route through Kansas

V. Kansas-Nebraska act

5. Southerners wanted to build a south country route starting in New Orleans, LA

6. The politicians came to a COMPROMISE called the K-N ACT.

* The Act Repealed 36-30*Allowed for Popular Sovereignty on Slavery

V. Kansas-Nebraska act

7. RESULT of K-N Act

*The Kansas/Nebraska Territory was FLODDED with new “Temporary” Residents

WHY?

To affect the outcome of an election

V. Kansas-Nebraska act

8. * Slave Owners and Supporters Moved There* Northern Abolitionists Moved There

Why?So they could VOTE !

9. Violent and Deadly Fighting broke out between the two groups.*The Territory was nicknamed “BLEEDING KANSAS”

V. Kansas-Nebraska act

10. Because of the Extreme Violence: NORTHERNERS From 4 different Political Parties Came together to form one new one.

1*N. WIG Party Members2*N. Democrat Party Members3*N. Free Soil Party Members4*N. Liberty Party Members

All Joined to form the Republican Party

VI. Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision

1. Case to examine if Northern States could determine the Free or Slave status of a Slave?

2. The Slave Dred Scott was moved with his master to a “Free State”

3. With the help of abolitionist lawyers Scott Sued his master for his freedom.* Scott’s Claim was “ Once Free Always Free”

VI. Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision

*RESULTS / COURT RULLING OF THE CASE1. Africans in America free or slave were not Citizens

( even if they were born in America )2. Africans had no rights at all in America3. Mr. Scott was property just like a Horse or Land4. The constitution protects private property form being seized by the government5. Congress could NOT pass Acts like the Missouri Comp or K-N Act

VI. Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision

6. Slave limiting Acts were Unconstitutional because they denied Slave Holders from the right to take their “Property” anywhere they wanted.

VII. JohN BrowN @ harper’s ferry VIrgINIa

1. White Abolitionist John Brown raided A federal Arsenal aka (Stock Pile of Weapons).

2. He intended to Arm slaves and lead a slave revolt.

3. The raid was defeated and John Brown was Hanged for treason.

4. The Publicity of this event helped the Abolition Movement

VII. JohN BrowN @ harper’s ferry VIrgINIa

5. The Event created much FEAR among Southerners* Their “Way of Life” was in danger of Attack

* Their actual lives were in danger of Attack

VIII. Election of 1860

1.