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Presented By:

Michell Pearl Malones

Hanniah Morohomsalic

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The word "Iraya"is derived from the prefix "i"- denotingpeople, and "raya", a variation of "laya" which means"upstream," "upriver" or "upland"

The Iraya is one of the six of the indigenous culturalcommunities inhabiting the highlands of Mindoro and

these six groups are collectively referred to as theMangyans

They live in the beaches of Puerto Galera, San Teodoro andBaco in Oriental Mindoro. However, most of them live inOccidental Mindoro, in the towns of Mamburao, Sta. Cruz,

Abra de Ilog and Paluan. The estimated population of the Iraya-Mangyan is 10, 689

distributed around 141 settlements in the Municipalities ofAbra de Ilog, Mamburao and Paluan.

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Swidden Agriculture- It is an important activity with

numerous crops following one after the other.

Most of them rely on planting rice, corn, vegetables corn and

rice; beans, sweet potatoes, yams, taro, sugar cane. Many varieties of taro, yam and sweet potato are grown, and also

maize, Lima bean, manioc, banana, marrow, sugar cane,intercropping different species in different parts of the field

The first to be planted are yam and taro, then mountain rice withmaize and pulses ; then comes the weeding, an arduous butnecessary task to ensure a good harvest ; after the rice harvest,manioc and sweet potato are planted

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Domestic animals

-The Iraya breed wild fowl, used as decoys, and pigs

-During periods of heavy rain the fields cannot be burnt ;animals then become the only food resource

Fishing

The Iraya fish 31 known species, among which 5 of eel, 5 of

shrimp, and 9 species of shellfish are collected-It is very important during the dry season when the lower water

levels allow for daily fishing, thus providing an importantsupplement to daily diet.

Seasonal fruit picking-They collect Canarium luzonicum nuts and theArtocarpusodoratissima fruit with its juicy pulp and f loury seeds thatcan be roasted

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http://hanunoo.com/html/products/mangyancrafts/basketry.htmlhttp://hanunoo.com/html/products/mangyancrafts/beadworks.html

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Iraya Handicrafts

among the Mangyan tribes,the Iraya Mangyans are themost creative in the lot. Atthe festival, handicrafts

were up on sale. There werejars, plates, bags, containersand bracelets as well. They

were solid and very intricatein design. The Mangyans

however are not fit formass production of

handicraft goods sincethey only make them whenthey are in the mood whichthe locals sid are in theirinspired and dreamy state.

So each crafts they make areunique. I bought a fewcontainers and braceletssince they are sold quitehigh in price in Manila.

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Clothing males wear bahagor loincloth fashioned from a tree bark, the

kaitongor belt, and the talawakor headband.

The females wear the tapis or skirtlike covering made from

bark, the lingobor belt, and the sagpan orpamanpanto coverthe breast

They wear necklaces called kudyasan, made from tigbi seeds,and the panalingnaw or earrings

Their ancient clothing is exactly the same as that of the

Hanunoos. Today, most of the Irayas wear a civilized outfit.

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/ironwulf/3106679145/

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. Dwellings are close

to the swidden plots

and move with the

seasonal monsoon

rains (heavy rains).

traditionally live in

hamlets made up of a

few houses scattered

over the swidden area

. A house made up of

coconut leaves,bamboo, tree for its

pillar, and other

materials.

Mangyan House

http://www.flickr.com/photos/ironwulf/3107515902/http://www.flickr.com/photos/ironwulf/3107515902/http://www.flickr.com/photos/ironwulf/3107515902/

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Religious beliefs and practices Since the Irayas are swidden farmers, their spiritual beliefs

are related to their means of livelihood.

Agricultural rites suggest the importance of farming and thebelief in spiritual beings or forces that can influence a goodharvest.

Community the family is considered as the basic unit of production and

consumption. The nuclear family is referred to us talnakan wherein their

already exists a social order. The eldest takes the place of theparents during their absence and is one considered thesecond parent. He/she is likewise considered the

intermediary between the parents and the younger siblings. The family is a very strong and important institution among

the Iraya. Relationship within the family is observed to bevery close and harmonious.

Children show their high respect for their parents and elders,

in return, receiving much love and affection.

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Authority- Among the Iraya, leadership is provided by the puon-

balayan, in the local group referred to as sanguraan

composed of closely related families.- Moral and legal problems are referred to the puon-

balayan for decision. Any criminal act or offense done iscorrected with the use of either the pangaw or tige.

- Pangaw is the Iraya's version of the detention cell. Tigeon the other hand is a punishment wherein the suspectsof a particular offense are called and are ordered toimmerse their right hand in a pot of boiling water topick up the white stone at the bottom of the pot. Anyone

of the susupects whose right hand gets burned isconsidered to be the guilty party. It is believed that theinnocent parties will not get burned in this particulartest because Apo Iraya will protect them from harm.

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the informal and indigenous learning system-provided by the traditional sources like theirhousehold enable them to acquire knowledge, skills,attitude, norms and belief that comprise the differentaspect of Iraya culture as interpreted by the source

the formal education -provided by public schools andchurch run schools.

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Their native dances and songsperformed by the Mangyan students

was culturally enriching. Most ofthem are garbed similarly to how the

ancient Mangyans are garbedblouses, skirts and loin clothes

weaved from cottons made bypounding dry tree barks. TheMangyan native dances mimics their

daily life of harvest and thanking thespirits for their bounty. A largenumber of Mangyans still embracestheir Animism roots while a smallportion are already converted to

Christianity.

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Mangagamot (healer) is also known asMarayaw, Irayaterm for shaman.

Performs tawas or Divination

Yam (Dioscorea spp.)- female problems and to relievethe pain of child birth

Red tannia (Xanthosoma violaceum)

Canarium luzonicum-Arthritis and rheumatism.

Others used it for burns and sores.

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Betel NutAreca catechu

preparing betel nutfor chewing, upland

people mix it with

apog, or lime powder,

before wrapping in a

litlit leaf. While

chewing, heatspreads throughout

the body, keeping it

momentarily warm

in the upland chill.

The apog gives the

betel juice its red

coloring when

chewed

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