8. magneto-optik - tu chemnitzreason of the effect: circularly polarised light components are not...

23
8. Magneto-Optik Faraday Effekt Magnetischer Zyrkular Dichroismus Magneto-optischer Kerr Effekt

Upload: others

Post on 07-Mar-2020

4 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

8. Magneto-Optik

Faraday EffektMagnetischer Zyrkular Dichroismus

Magneto-optischer Kerr Effekt

Page 2: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

8.1. MCD – magnetic circular dichroism

MCD ist den imaginärenTeil (die Elliptizität) des Faraday-Effekts

Page 3: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

reason of the effect:Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent.

= +σ+ σ–

different light velocities (n) → tilt angle (half the phase shift) different absorptions (k) → ellipticity

Page 4: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

MCD Studies of GaMnAs, Carissa Reynolds,University of Notre Dame REU 2006

Absorption differences can be obtained directly by intensity measurements.

To resolve the small effects a lock-in amplifier can be used.

Page 5: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

MCD-Spektroskopie: Beispiele

Page 6: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

MCD-Spektroskopie im sichtbaren Spektralbereich: Linienform

Page 7: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

XMCD – X-rays magnetic circular dichroism

Page 8: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase
Page 9: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase
Page 10: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase
Page 11: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

8.2. MOKE – magneto-optical Kerr effectMOKE = generic term for magneto-optical effects measured

in reflection

special geometries:

Page 12: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

polar geometry

B

Incident beam is s-polarised.

Reflected beam has elliptical polarisation.

θK

ηK

special casereflection on half space:

thin single film n⋅k « λ :

Page 13: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

mirrormirror

mirror

polariser 0°

analyser 45°PEM 0°

Xe lamp

sample

magnetic field- both signs

monochromator

photomultiplierlock-in amplifier calc. θ, η

Page 14: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

Experimental setuppolar MOKE

optical setup – 1.5 eV to 5.5 eV electromagnet – 350 mT (900 mT)

Page 15: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase
Page 16: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

Investigated samples

single layers of metal phthalocyanines on various substrates

CuPc VOPc

Page 17: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

Results

in-plane optical constantsñxy

Complex Kerr angle θK

Voigt constantQ&

VOPc

Page 18: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

VOPc

in-plane optical constantsñxy

Voigt constantQ

MCD angle φMCD

&

substrate: quartzd = 40 nm, B = 3 T

solid line: calculated from ñxyand QQ was determined for layers on Si + native oxide.

Page 19: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

MOKE microscopy on ferromagnetic films

MOKE microscopy:• polarisation microscopy in magnetic field: crossed polarisers

• magnetic domains can be resolved in the µm range

J. Fassbender, J. McCord, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 320, 2008, 579

Page 20: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

8.3. Anwendungen

Page 21: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

Magneto-optische Datenspeicherung

(Tby Gd1-y)x (Fez Co1-z)1-x mit x~20%

Page 22: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

Das Funktionsprinzip der MO-Technologie: Lesen:

• Polarisiertes Laserlicht wird auf die Probe geschossen (632 nm)

• Die Polarisation des Lichtes wird als Funktion der Magnetisierung einzelner Partikel rechts oder links gedreht.

• Die Polarisation des reflektierten Lichts wird gemessen.

Page 23: 8. Magneto-Optik - TU Chemnitzreason of the effect: Circularly polarised light components are not equivalent. = + σ+ σ– different light velocities (n) →tilt angle (half the phase

MO Disk verglichen mit CDs

Vorteile: sicherer Datentransport und Archivierung über viele Jahre

Nachteile: MO-Laufwerke sind deutlich langsamer und teuerer als CD-/DVD-Laufwerke.